ESST 3101 Environmental Ergonomics Semester …anikov/esst3101/projects/2016-ee...ESST 3101 EE Project 04-ee-pro.docx page 1 of 30 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES FACULTY OF SCIENCE

ESST 3101 EE Project 04-ee-pro.docx page 1 of 30

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

ESST 3101 Environmental Ergonomics

Semester Project

Report

Project Title: Redesign of Workplaces

Students Names and ID No.: Anusha Bissoon 813117673

Kimiko Victor 813003251

Trakeisha Davis 813001123

Nicholas Mohammed 813000768

(Group 4)

Date : 2016

Advisors: Dr. Alexander Nikov

Ms. Elizabeth Simpson


CONTENT CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1 Selection and description of workplace ............................................................................................................................................. 3

1.1 Description of workplace ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 User Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1.3 Tasks Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2 Checklist for ergonomic evaluation ................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Development of checklist and workplace study ..................................................................................................................... 10

2.2 Workplace study ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10

3 Ergonomic analysis of workplace ................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Calculation of workplace hazard risks .................................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Summary of problems and corrective measures ..................................................................................................................... 11

3.3 Analysis of data by ErgoEaser ............................................................................................................................................... 13

4 Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace .............................................................................................................................. 15 5 Usability testing .............................................................................................................................................................................. 22

5.1 2 variants of workplace for testing in usability lab. ................................................................................................................ 22

5.2 List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab ...................................................................................................... 23

5.3 Post-test questionnaire for usability testing ............................................................................................................................ 24

5.4 Usability testing results ...........................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.5 Implementation ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26


1 Selection and description of workplace

1.1 Description of workplace

Describe the existing workplace though both diagrams, text, pictures (see below) and video.

Use the following guidelines for photo making.

Picture position example

1. Company plate with WS# and

employee names

Camille Timothy (HR Assistant) WS#4

2. Common overview of WP with user

– Generally clutter free

3. Left view work on desk (KB use,

chair back support, arms chair

support, eye level regarding

monitor top) – Little support for

hands when using keyboard, little arm

support from office chair, monitor is

too low (should be raised to eye-

level), document holder can be

implemented to reduce strain when

turning neck


4. Right view work on desk (KB use,

chair back support, arms chair

support, eye level regarding

monitor top) – Little support when

typing, monitor should be raised to

eye-level, mousepad appears to offer

support upon use, little clutter evident

5. Leg space under desk without user

– There is sufficient space for user. It

is relatively clutter free, and there are

no hazards such as running wires


6. User sitting on chair – Chair is too

big for user, feet cannot properly

reach the floor, back support and

forearms are not properly supported

7. Simultaneous phone and mouse use

– Devices should be on opposite sides


Give relevant dimensions.

Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions

http://www.thehumansolution.com/ergonomic-office-desk-

chair-keyboard-height-calculator.html

User height [cm] 152

Popliteal height [cm] 31

Sitting eye height range

[cm]

81

Eye height (sitting) [cm] 133

Sitting elbow height [cm] 79

Seat height to floot [cm] 46

Desk height [cm] 76

Desk depth [cm] 61

Desk length [cm] 152

Elbow Rest Height 30

Elbow to Elbow 50

http://www.thehumansolution.com/ergonomic-office-desk-chair-keyboard-height-calculator.html

http://www.thehumansolution.com/ergonomic-office-desk-chair-keyboard-height-calculator.html


Elbow to Fingertip (middle

figer)

43

Buttock to Popliteal 41

Desk Dimensions

Chair

Back Support Height 32

Back Support Angle 5o

Seat Pan Height 47

Seat Pan Depth 52

Seat Pan Angle 0o

Arm Support Height 18

Arm Support Width 46

Arm Support Depth 31

Monitor

Height 116

Angle 4o

Distance (between monitor

and user)

58


Keyboard

Height of keyboard 77

Angle of keyboard 2o

Distance (between

keyboard and user)

41

Wrist Height (height of

wrist support)

2

Mouse

Height of mouse 78

Angle of mouse 0o

Distance (between mouse

and user)

41

Wrist Height (height of

mouse support)

1

If you have specification sheets and other technical materials, they belong in the appendix.

1.2 User Description

List the types of users who might be using the workplace. Provide a short description of the characteristics for types of the users on your list (e.g., a

child is someone with small hands; an engineer is someone with technical knowledge)

The user is an office staff worker. She is female and approximately 152 cm in height. She is proficient in the use of Microsoft Word, Excel and Oracle

Peoplesoft Enterprise. The user spends the majority of her time on work, behind a computer.

1.3 Tasks Analysis

Identify the primary tasks through which users interact with the workplace/product/system. Observe/interview the users and define the relevant % of

working time allocated to them during 1 week/1 month.

1.3.1. Tasks with or without use of computer

Tasks Working time [%]

1. Tasks with the use of computer 80

2. Tasks without use of computer 20

1.3.2. Tasks without use of computer

Tasks Working time [%]

1. Filing 30

2. Processing of forms 15

3. Meetings with other members of staff 10

4. Interviews 40

5. Procurement 5

Total 100


1.3.3. Tasks with use of computer

Tasks Software name, version Working time [%]

1. Shared workspace of all the HR staff. Staff claims

for salaries and applications for vacation occurs

there. It is directly linked to the bursary.

Competency Core 7

2. Advertise vacancies (in-house) Google Chrome v48.0.2564

(Caribbean Jobs Online)

10

3. Prepare Word documents via Microsoft word. The

worker types memos, meeting minutes and job

letters.

Microsoft Office 2013 8

4. Shared workspace of the HR division. Persons that

respond to vacancy ads and apply for jobs are short

listed in the program as well as staff personal

information are stored here.

Oracle Peoplesoft Enterprise

v9.2

75

Total 100

Identify the primary tasks through which users interact with the workstation. Choose two computer tasks for an in-depth description. For each task,

describe how a user would complete the task using the existing workstation. Descriptions with sufficient detail are those in which the reader can clearly

identify the following types of activities:

physical (e.g., press the button),

perceptual (e.g., read the signs/labels, hear the warning signs), and

Cognitive (e.g., decide which button to push, determine what is causing the problem).

Manipulation of HR documents – Utilizing Oracle Peoplesoft Enterprise 9.2, the user must physically press keyboard keys frequently, interpret

different fields within the software, and then determine what the field should be filled with. This is done with respect to human resource data, for the

University of the West Indies.

Advertising of in-house vacancies – Utilizing Google Chrome to access Caribbean Jobs Online, the user must physically press keyboard keys in

order to enter data onto the website. Profiles of the required candidates must be read from requested documents, and the layout as well as overall

format would be determined and posted by the user.

1.4 Workplace Lighting Measurements (use lux meter)

Workplace lighting measurement items Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Average (lux)

a) Light emitted from computer screen 31 39 35

b) Light incident 45 cm from display 42 58 50

c) Illumination in background above display 14 17 16

d) Illumination to the left of display 25 28 27

e) Illumination to the right of display 12 13 13

f) Value of light at the keyboard 74 66 70

g) Value of light at the mouse 85 77 81

h) Value of illumination on the desk reading surface 65 77 109 106 89

i) Value of light from nearest light source 207 209 208

j) Value of light from nearest window 29 36 33

k) Value of light outdoors in a covered area > 8000 > 8000 > 8000

l) Value of light in direct sunlight > 30000 > 30000 > 30000

m) Value of light at landline phone 67 76 72

n) Value of light at stack of files (right of user) 47 46 47

o) Value of light at paper tray (left of user) 113 110 112

**Note, a screen protector was present on the computer monitor**


2 Checklist for ergonomic evaluation

2.1 Development of checklist and workplace study

Prepare a checklist for ergonomic evaluation of workplace with the following dimensions:

1. Dimension: Work Organization (tasks specification, workload, work monitoring, training)

2. Dimension: Display screens/VDU (monitor, glare)

3. Dimension: Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, telephone headset)

4. Dimension: Furniture (desk, chair, footrest, document holder, wristrest/armrest)

5. Dimension: Work space/ work surface/ layout/ work posture/ seating

6. Dimension: Environment (illumination, temperature, air flow, noise)

7. Dimension: Software

8. Dimension: Health/hazards

9. Dimension: Common

Use the example checklist given on project website (http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/~anikov/optm3041/projects/word-form-2-checklist.docx)

2.2 Workplace study

2.2.1. Collect data using the checklist from the workplace

2.2.2. Collect data using a lightmeter

3 Ergonomic analysis of workplace

3.1 Calculation of workplace hazard risks

Calculate using EXCEL sheet the workplace hazard risks for different dimensions using data gathered from assignment 2. Determine the average

values for each dimension in % [0,100] transforming the scale x∈[1,5] to y∈[0,100] by formulae y=(x-1)*25. The total health risk is the average risk

of all dimensions (1-8). Calculate the dissatisfaction dimension by the formulae dissatisfaction = 100-satisfaction. Present the results in a bar chart

(see below example bar chart). Use integer digits and colors as follows: dark green: 0-25%; light green: 26-50%; yellow: 51-75%; red: 76-100%

3.1 Graph Showing the Workplace Hazard Risk at Workstation 4

http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/~anikov/optm3041/projects/word-form-2-checklist.docx


3.2 Summary of problems and corrective measures

Present in a table a summary of problems allocated and the relevant corrective measures

(see example table below). Include pictures where appropriate.

Q# Summary of problems allocated Corrective measures to solve problems allocated

12 The user has not received any training with regards to setting up

her workstation for sitting and visual comfort

Ergonomic information based on how to optimize

workstation for sitting and visual comfort (including

appropriate dimensions of workstation and information on

musculoskeletal risk) should be provided to the user to

make the user more comfortable at work

14 The user’s monitor is not situated at comfortable distance (too

close to user)

The monitor should be shifted backwards, increasing

distance between user and hardware. An optimal distance

would be greater than 45 cm, and the current distance

between the user is 58 cm. This distance should be

30

22

39

76

63

31

42 42

88

25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Workplace Hazard Risk at Workstation 4 [%]


increased at a personalized, comfortable distance away

from the user.

21.

ix

The user’s fingers are curved a lot when typing, providing

discomfort

Explain to the user that she can type lightly with the wrist

at an appropriate angle / Provide an ergonomic keyboard

for user, to increase comfort in typing/ provide training to

the user on how to type using keyboard correctly.

21.

vi

The armrests of the user’s chair is not at the same level as the

desk surface to support user’s elbows (too low)

Padding should be added to armrest base in order to

increase the height of the support it can provide

22 The user uses her keyboard for more than 30 mins/day The user should take ample breaks in between work to

prevent repetitive strain injury upon typing. Since the user

states she has control over the order of her tasks, tasks

which require the use of different physical actions should

be alternated

28 The user’s feet do not touch the floor when sitting in the chair as

it is too high

A small foot stool should be provided to the user, to

support proper posture. Her knees should ideally be able

to rest at an approximate 90 degree angle.

29 The user has no back support from chair as it is too big A back support cushion for chair should be added, in

order to provide proper lumbar support (especially to the

lower back)

33 The user does not have a document holder, so she must move her

neck joint at different downward angles when conducting data

entry

A document holder should be provided to the user,

allowing for subtle neck movements to be made during

data entry

41 The user feels as if there is insufficient overall office space Consider the reorganization of entire office for spatial

optimization, ensuring all floor wires are neatly

organized, and all workstations are re-designed such that

there is comfortable space between workplaces to

navigate the office

42 The user has to twist her torso to use mouse and answer phone

simultaneously as they are both on her right side

The mouse should be placed on the left of the user, and

the phone should be situated on her right, preventing the

crossing of her hands, and any resultant awkward body

positions.


3.3 Analysis of data by ErgoEaser

Use ErgoEaser for analysis of data collected. Present the results including screenshots like in Lab1.

Issues Solutions

Removed waist potential strain by Increased forearm support

width to 50 cm

Removed upper back potential strain by raising forearm support

to 28 cm

Removed low back potential strain by lowering the back support

height to 28 cm

Decreased back of knee potential strain by adding footrest and

raising to 16 cm

Removed back of knee potential strain by decreasing seat pan

depth to 38 cm

Decreased wrist potential strain by increasing the mouse wrist

height to 3 cm

Removed the wrist potential strain by increasing the keyboard

wrist height to 6 cm



4 Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace

Design 2-5 variants of the workplace (e.g. old workplace, low-cost solution, optimal solution) trying to reduce health risk. Use ErgoEaser. Present

also screenshots of ErgoEaser.

Original Workplace Low Cost Solutions Optimal Solutions

Oversized chair for user with

little to no lower back and

arm-rest support

Provide a small pillow that

can be attached to the chair

Adjust the height of the

armrest as to improve her

comfort.

A box should also be

provided to act as a footrest.

Purchase a new chair better

suited for user’s bodily

proportions; office chairs

designed for petite bodies.

Alera Etros Mid-Back Mesh

Task Chair, Adjustable

Arms, Black

Price: US$198.19 from

Staples.com

Purchase a stability ball for

more dynamic sitting. The

user may alternate between

both during a given day (30-

20 minutes per chair).

Gaiam Balance Ball Chairs

Price:US$79.98 from

Amazon

Provide a back support

cushion


Cool Vent Cushion Mesh

Back Lumbar Support

Price: US $5.72 from ebay

Provide arm rest support

pillow

Ergo360 replacement chair

arm pads

Price US$29.95 from

Amazon

Provide an adjustable footrest

Eldon Rubbermaid®

Height-Adjustable

Tilting Footrest



Stables.com

Desk was too high for the

user which resulted in the

chair being elevated to a

height where the user’s feet

were not able to rest

comfortably on the floor

Provide a box to support the

user’s feet comfortably and

prevent strain.

Provide a cushion for the user

to sit on to elevate her to

comfortably use the desk

Provide user with a height-

adjustable standing desk to

accommodate user’s stature

and chair comfortably as well

as dynamic and active sitting.

Uplift 950 electric Sit-Stand

L-shaped Desk

Price: Starting at

US$499.00 from Uplift

Desk

Provide user with seat

rest to elevate user to

comfortable height to

use desk which ensuring

user’s comfort.

Kensington® Memory

Foam Seat Rest

Price: US$39.99

Desk was awkwardly shaped

that resulted in user having

restricted movements at her

work station

Encourage user to limit

awkward body movements by

rearranging the work station

to position commonly used

items closer

Provide user with a new desk

which has less restricting

dimensions (E.g. an L-shaped

office desk)

Uplift 950 electric Sit-


Stand L-shaped Desk

Price: Starting at

US$499.00 from Uplift

Desk

The user’s fingers are curved

a lot when typing, providing

discomfort

Educate the user about

keeping her fingers at a

comfortable angle when

typing, and provide hand

support at the base of the

keyboard

Provide an ergonomic

keyboard for the user (split

keyboard with support for

hands)

Kinesis Freestyle2

Adjustable Split

Keyboard for PC

Price: US$89 from the

Human Solution

Belkin WaveRest Gel Wrist

Pad for Keyboards

Price: US$6.75 from

Amazon

The user does not have a

document holder

Provide a document holder

for the user

Provide a document holder

for the user

3M™ Monitor-Mount

Dual Document Clip,

Black



Office Depot

The user must twist her torso

in an awkward position in

order to use her phone and

mouse simultaneously

Keep mouse on the right of

the user and place phone to

the left of the user

Provide new wireless landline

with a headset and mic for the

user

Panasonic Link2Cell

Bluetooth Enabled

Phone KX-TG7875S

Price:US$131.67 from

Amazon

Plantronics CS510 -

Over-the-Head

monaural Wireless

Headset System - DECT

6.0


Amazon

The user’s monitor is not Shift the monitor further away Purchase a larger monitor for


situated at a comfortable

distance (too close to user)

from the user the user,

HP ProDisplay with up

to 21inch display


HP

Or a second smaller display

screen to make computer

work more comfortable

Dell DU2414H


Dell

Users stores personal items in

a box below desk which

limits foot movement

Provide workstation with a

shelf/ small cupboard or a bag

holder for the storage of

personal belongings.

Provide lockers for workers to

store personal items.

Safco® Storage

Lockers, Double-Tier,

Bank Of 3, Tan

Price: US$563.99 each

from Office Depot

http://accessories.us.dell.com/sna/productdetail.aspx?c=us&cs=04&l=en&sku=DU2414H


Original Workplace

Low Cost Solution


Optimal Solution

5 Usability testing

5.1 2 variants of workplace for testing in usability lab.

Prepare 2 variants of workplace for testing them in usability lab. Select from the table below workplace components close to GENIVAR workplace

and enter your choice the table

Table 1: WP components available in usability lab

WP components Original Configuration Optimal Configuration

keyboard type Dell Ergonomic

keyboard wrist-rest Yes Yes

mouse type Dell Ergonomic

mouse pad Yes Yes

software

Competency Core, Oracle, Internet

Explorer, Microsoft Word & Excel

**Competency Core and Oracle may be

unavailable, Microsoft Word & Excel as well

as Internet Explorer should be available

chair Oversized chair, 5 feet for stable base Small chair that is right size for the user

lighting Local ceiling light above user (2) Local ceiling light above user (1)

noise Little noise Little noise


AC 21 degrees Celsius 24 degrees Celsius

document holder No Yes, directly next to monitor on left side

screen filter Yes Yes

footrest No No

phone Yes, on right of user next to mouse Yes, on left side of user

monitor stand Yes Yes

desk Little clutter under desk No clutter under desk

printer Yes, moderate distance Yes, close proximity

5.2 List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab

** USE A DOCUMENT HOLDER WHEN PROVIDED **

Task 1;

On the desktop, open Internet Explorer.

Log into your email address and create a new email, to be sent to [email protected] and

[email protected] .

Enter the subject as “User Job Application” and in the body of the message, enter the following;

“For your interview on February, 19th, 2008, please prepare the following documents;

- A copy of your resume

- A certificate of good character

- Photocopies of your relevant certificates

- Copies of two recommendations

- A letter stating why we should hire you

Thank you in advance.

Camille Timothy

Human Resource Assistant

University of the West Indies”

Send this e-mail, log out of your email-account and close internet explorer.

Task 2;

On the desktop, create a new Microsoft Word Document.

Name the document “List of Successful Applicants”

In this document, enter the following;

“This is a list of the successful applicants, please take note;

J. Clarke

A. Mohammed

Z. Ramcharan

S. Jaimungal

M. John

Y. Phillips

I. Seepersad

C. Garcia

H. Orlando

mailto:[email protected]



If any further details are required, please contact me at 668 – 7712, or [email protected]”

Change the font of the very first line, to “Wingdings 3”

Change the font of all applicant names to “Times New Roman”, and their font size to 14

Change the font color of the last two names to “Red”

Format the very last line in the document such that it is “Underlined” and in “Italics”

Save and close the document, returning to the desktop.

Task 3;

Open the url “playtictactoe.org”

Using the mouse, engage in 5 games of tic-tac-toe against the AI.

After the fifth game concludes, go to a new url “caribbeanjobs.com” and create a new job posting for the position of a “Life Sciences

Professor”

Enter the requirements as needing;

20 years of experience in a teaching profession

A PhD in Toxicology

Multiple relevant publications in the field of life sciences

Enter the starting salary as $8000

Do not post the job. Instead, discard it, log out and close the internet browser.

Task 4;

Create a new excel spreadsheet on the desktop, named “UWI Payroll”

In the first column, type “Staff #”, in the second column, type “Salary $$$”

In the third column, enter “% of $ paid to *** as donation”

Pick up the phone, placing it to your ear, and hold it there while continuing with your task

Now enter the following Staff numbers, and their salaries;

Staff # Salary

2 4000

3 5080

15 6002

19 8107

212 9200

841 9270

7321 9265

Hang up the phone

Highlight all typed fields, and make them “bold”

Highlight staff 15 and his salary, make their text color “red”

Highlight staff 212 and his salary, make their text color “green”

Make only the text color salary of staff 7321, “blue”

Press “CTRL” and “P” simultaneously, but do not press print

Sit properly in your chair and wait approximately 20 seconds. Retrieve your “printed document” from the printer and then go back to

sitting.

Sign your name on the dotted lines, leave the document on the deck, and continue sitting properly for 10 seconds.

THE END.

5.3 Post-test questionnaire for usability testing

Prepare a post-test questionnaire for usability testing (10-15 questions). Use tools like Interactive Heuristic Evaluation Toolkit (http://www.id-

book.com/firstedition/catherb/index.htm). Select/modify/add relevant heuristics and select/modify/add relevant questions measuring these heuristics in

scale [1, 5] as shown below.

# Questions Strongly

Agree

Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Disagree

1 2 3 4 5


http://www.id-book.com/firstedition/catherb/index.htm

http://www.id-book.com/firstedition/catherb/index.htm


Match between system & real world

1 The software used is familiar to you X

User control, freedom & ease of use

2 You are able to easily undo your

actions/errors

X

3 The software is easy to learn X

4 The software is easy to remember how to use X

5 You can complete you tasks in a timely

manner using these software

X

6 You want to keep working with this software X

Workplace Suitability for Tasks

7 The configuration of the workplace was

appropriate for the required tasks

X

8 You can reach the keyboard and mouse

comfortably, with no wrist strain, from a

seated position

X

9 It was not difficult to type and use the paper

documents simultaneously

X

10 The phone was positioned in an appropriate

and comfortable location to use for

multitasking

X

11 The layout of all equipment was comfortable

to use

X

User Comfort

12 You were seated comfortably on the chair and

there was no strain on your back (upper and

lower).

X

13 The monitor height was comfortable X

14 The keyboard positioning was comfortable X

15 The desk height was comfortable X

16 There was adequate room for your legs under

the desk

X

Ease of use & efficiency


17 The wrist rest improves your comfort to allow

for efficient completion of tasks

X

18 The document holder improves your ability to

efficiently complete tasks

X

19 Moving the printer nearer allow you to

retrieve documents easier

X

20 Is it easy to use the phone while signing the

document

X

21 It is easy to use the phone and

mouse/keyboard simultaneously

X

Working Environment

22 The lighting in the room was sufficient to

allow you to read and perform your tasks

X

23 The temperature in the room was comfortable

enough to allow you to work efficiently and

effectively

X

24 The noise levels in your surroundings allows

you to concentrate and complete your tasks

efficiently

X

25 I am pleased with my working environment,

and enjoy being in it

X

26 My work environment made me feel

comfortable

X

5.4 Implementation

Implement project results in the workplace. Enter relevant info and photos in the table below.

Picture position Photo initial workplace Photo redesigned workplace

1. Company

plate with

WS# and

employee

names

Camille Timothy (HR Assistant) WS#4


2. Common

overview of

WP with

user

3. Left view

work on desk

(KB use,

chair back

support,

arms chair

support, eye

level

regarding

monitor top)

4. Right view

work on desk

(KB use,

chair back

support,

arms chair

support, eye

level

regarding

monitor top)


5. Leg space

under desk

without user

6. User sitting

on chair

(provided

footstool)


7. User sitting

on chair

(provided

lower back

support)

8. Simultaneou

s phone and

mouse use


Graphs Showing the Workplace Hazard Risk at Workstation 4 before and after implementation

***Before***

***After***

30

22

39

76

63

31

42 42

88

25

30

22

27

23 21

31

42

17

41

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Workplace Hazard Risk at Workstation 4 Before and After Implementation[%]

Documents

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