Upload
ralph-blake
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Essentials
AP Government & Politics
AP Exam
60 multiple choice questions – 45 minutes Free-Response
100 minutes to answer four questions
Constitutional Convention
Representation – Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan - Solution = Connecticut Compromise or Great Compromise
Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government (cont’d)
Federalism
Conditions of aid – Federal gov’t tells states what activities and policies must be in order to receive grant money
Mandates – federal gov’t imposes its will outside the context of the grant. Ex. – civil rights & environmental protection
Political Theories: Who Governs? Four basic theories 1. Elite theory- 2. Bureaucratic theory- 3. Interest group theory- 4. Pluralist theory
American political assumptions Liberty Equality Democracy Civic duty Individual responsibility
Table 4.3: Commitment to Income Equity in Sweden and the United States
Figure 4.5: Changes in Levels of Political Tolerance, 1930-1999
Source: Gallup poll data, various years, as compiled by Professor John Zaller, Department of Political Science, UCLA; The Gallup Organization, Poll Releases (March 29, 1999), 2-6.
Sources of Political Attitudes
The importance of family as an agent of political socialization
Table 5.2:The Gender Gap: Differences in Political Views of Men and Women
Table 5.4: African American and White Opinion
Voting
Profiles that suggest likelihood of voting and likelihood of not voting
Figure 6.4: Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections, by Age, Schooling, and Race, 1964-1996
Source: Updated from Gary R. Orren, "The Linkage of Policy to Participation," in Presidential Selection, ed. Alexander Heard and Michael Nelson (Durham, N.C.: Duck University Press, 1987). Data for 1996 are from Statistical Abstract of the United States 1998, 296, as supplied by Christopher Blunt.
Elections
Comparing Presidential and Congressional Campaigns
Presidential more competitive Fewer people vote in midterm elections (off-
year elections) Congressional incumbents can serve their
constituents Congressional candidates can campaign
against Wash. DC Power of presidential coattails has declined
What is the difference between presidential and congressional
campaigns?
Political Parties
Ticket splitting & divided governmnet
Figure 7.1: Decline in Party Identification, 1952-2000:
Source: National Election Studies, The NES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, 1952-2000, table 20.1.
Table 7.6: Political Opinions of Delegates and Voters
Interest Groups
Activities of interest groups Supplying information Raising public support Creating PACs – Super PACs Litigation Protest & disruption
Mass Media
Gatekeeper Scorekeeper Watchdog
Congress
Advantages of being an incumbent in understanding the dynamics of Congress
Source: Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi, Vital Statistics on American Politics, 1999-2000 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000), table 1-18.
Figure 11.2: Percentage of Incumbents Reelected to Congress
Standing Committees
House – Ways & Means – taxes
The Presidency
Leadership style
PRESIDENTIAL Style
EISENHOWER-orderly, delegation of authority
KENNEDY- improviser JOHNSON- master legislative strategist, who
tended to micromanage NIXON- expertise in foreign policy FORD- many decisions were made in
disorganized manner
CARTER- micromanage REAGAN-set policy priorities and then
gave staff wide latitude BUSH-hands-on manager CLINTON-good communicator BUSH – tightly run White House, on
message Obama- ?
The Bureaucracy
The power of Congress to oversee the bureaucracy is fundamental to the system of checks and balances
Figure 13.3: Characteristics of Federal Civilian Employees, 1960 and 1999
Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1961, 392-394; Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2000, Nos. 450, 482, 500, 595, 1118.
Federal Courts
Judicial activism v. judicial restraint
Political Agenda
Involves virtually all of the participants in the policy-making process
Economic Policy
How government influences the economy
Social Welfare
Social Security Medicare Problems with funding
Military Powers
War Powers Act
Civil Rights
Brown v. Board of Education
Civil Liberties
Incorporation doctrine