ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATESUNIT 4DATE

Humanities 10 : the importance of cultural universals and the struggle for equality worldwide

Essential Questions (Write these on your title page!)

•What must we understand before we can address the importance of cultural universals and the search for equality throughout the world?

•How do the stories of a culture reflect their values and beliefs?

•How do classic heroes differ from modern heroes, and what is their purpose?

How does “Playing for Change” reflect all three of the following?

a. cultural universalb. cultural conflictc. cultural tradition

8 lines 5 minutes

TYPE 2 WRITING

TYPE ONE WRITING(write the questions first)

How do you think the earliest people learned? Who taught what to whom, and how did they teach it?

5 lines 5 minutes

Storytelling Notes/Vocab

STORY TELLING is culturally universal:

People began telling stories long before they started writing them down

•Oral tradition: passing down stories told aloud from generation to generation

•embellishment: how stories change over time through exaggeration

•Didactic: designed to teach

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genres (categories) of story telling

•anecdote: short instructional/entertaining story about some happening, usually personal

• legend: widely told story (location and culture specific) usually

with some basic in truth (jersey devil, lockness monster, sasquatch)

• folktale/folklore: exists only in oral tradition, story which not only

reflects values and traditions, but encourages heroic/correct

behavior (bloody mary)

• fable: short story with animal characters that teaches a lesson or

moral (tortoise and the hare)

proverbs: short sayings that express a common truth or

familiar experience (don’t cry over spilled milk)

P. 45Storytelling Notes/Vocab

genres (categories) of story telling (cont.)

• MYTHS:

• Originated in oral ancient tradition (many share similarities)

• Entertaining story with a serious purpose (explain or instruct)

• Myths focus on gods

• Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature

• NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)

• EPICS:

• LONG NARRATIVE STORIES/POEMS ABOUT A HERO AND HIS ADVENTURES

Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICS

Characteristics of the CLASSIC HERO:

unusual birth

part god/favored by gods

extraordinary strength

kills monsters with special weapons

goes on an arduous journey - QUEST

visits the underworld

unusual death

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EPIC POEM:750 AND 650 B.C.Erhapsode (STORYTELLER): HOMER

OdysseusClassic hero of “the odyssey”

Important characteristics of Odysseus/The OdysseySYMBOLIZES the journey of

life and its challenges

Stresses the VALUES of:

Using one’s brain to get out of tough situations

GUILE (trickery): Odysseus escapes the cyclops

Pride (HUBRIS) as bad behavior / TRAGIC FLAW (Odysseus yells his name to the cyclops)

Rudeness as bad behavior (Circe turns men to pigs)

Making difficult decisions (Scylla and Charybdis)

Withstanding temptation (Sirens)

Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICSSUPERHERO: modeled after classic hero

TRAGIC FLAW: a flaw leading to the downfall of a hero or heroine (usually pride)

MODERN HEROES:

everyday heroes

don’t typically have a flaw in our minds

didn’t ask to be heroes

right place right time

Man Is Rescued by Stranger on Subway Tracks

PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES

Symbolize the human experience

Embody the spiritual values of a culture

Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature

• NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)

Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools)

Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures

Preserve elements of culture/history

Encourage pride in culture

Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES

Symbolize the human experience

Embody the spiritual values of a culture

Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature

• NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)

Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools)

Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures

Preserve elements of culture/history

Encourage pride in culture

Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

Vocab related to BELIEFSRELIGION: the belief in and worship of God or gods/goddesses

DIETY/DIVINITIES: GOD/GODS

MONOTHEISTIC: ONE GOD

POLYTHEISTIC: MULTIPLE GODS

RITUAL: A TRADITION THAT INVOLVES RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

PHILOSOPHY: belief system without gods

FATE: the force that guides the outcome of one’s life

SUPERSTITION: irrational beliefs that certain things will influence outcomes

OMEN: an event regarded as a sign of good or evil

________________ the human experience

Embody the spiritual ______________ of a culture

Explain: _____________, natural phenomenon, ______________

• NATURAL PHENOMENON: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of ___________, mistakes of _____________)

Illustrate striking _________________ as well as differences between cultures

Preserve elements of _____________/history

Encourage ___________ in culture

Teach ____________ lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES

INEQUALITY

Types of INEQUALITY we will study:

RACIAL (color, ethnicity)

SOCIAL CLASS (based on wealth, power, education, occupation)

GENDER (men/women)

RELIGIOUS

INEQUALITY VOCAB

INEQUALITY: an unfair situation, in which some groups in society have more money, opportunities, power, etc. than other

DISCRIMINATION: the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way:

RACISM: unfair treatment of people, or violence against them, because they belong to a different race

STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex, or social class

INEQUALITY VOCAB

PREJUDICE: an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc.

BIAS: an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad which influences how you deal with it

ETHNOCENTRISM: evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture

MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that involves ideas from many different countries, races, or religions

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Martin Luther King Jr.

“I Have A Dream” Speech

August 28, 1963March on Washington,

Washington, DC Steps of the Lincoln Memorial

Martin Luther King Jr.

“I Have A Dream” Speech

August 28, 1963March on Washington,

Washington, DC Steps of the Lincoln Memorial

INEQUALITY VOCAB

INEQUALITY: an _______ situation, in which some groups in society have more __________, ______________, ____________ etc. than others

DISCRIMINATION: the practice of treating one person or group ___________ from another in an _____________ way:

RACISM: unfair _____________ of people, or ____________ against them, because they belong to a different race

STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or ___________ because they belong to a particular ________, sex, or ______________

INEQUALITY VOCAB

PREJUDICE: an _____________ dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their _______, ______, _____________ etc.

BIAS: an ________ about whether a person, group, or idea is _________ or _________ which influences how you deal with it

ETHNOCENTRISM: the idea that ___________ race, ________, group etc. is better than any other

MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that includes ideas from many different __________, __________, or ______________

In-Class Essay: Forrest Gump and American

Culture

In-Class Essay: Forrest Gump and American

CultureChoose ONE of the following THESIS STATEMENTS:Choose ONE of the following THESIS STATEMENTS:

1.THE FILM FORREST GUMP DEPICTS SEVERAL inequalities THAT EXIST IN AMERICAN CULTURE, FOR INSTANCE __________________, _________________ AND ___________________.

2.THE FILM FORREST GUMP PORTRAYS SEVERAL American beliefs and values, FOR INSTANCE __________________, __________________ AND ________________________.

3.3. THE CHARACTER OF FOREST GUMP EXEMPLIFIES CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH THE classic hero and the modern hero IN THE SENSE THAT HE ____________________ AND ________________________.

WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS

FOLLOW HOOKS WITH

BACKGROUND THAT PROVIDES YOUR READER WITH NECESSARY INFORMATION AND TRANSITIONS INTO YOUR THESIS

•OFTEN INCLUDED IN THIS PART OF AN INTRODUCTION• Title, author, setting,

dates, context, purpose, important facts, etc.

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WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS

END INTRODUCTIONS WITH A

THESIS STATEMENT THAT INCLUDES THE TOPICS OF EACH BODY PARAGRAPH

TOPIC + OPINION = THESIS

“The film Forrest Gump depicts several inequalities that exist in American culture, for instance ___________, __________ and ___________.”

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WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS

BEGIN YOUR CONCLUSION

BY RESTATING YOUR THESIS IN DIFFERENT WORDS

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FINISH WITH A RECAP OF YOUR MAIN POINTS AND YOUR FINAL THOUGHTS

AVOID FIRST PERSON ( I ) AND SECOND PERSON ( YOU ) IN YOUR ESSAYS UNLESS APPROPRIATE OR NECESSARY.

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WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS