Essential Russian-English dictionary

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B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY,

V. I. ZIMIN, E. Y. SOSENKO

ESSENTIALRUSSIAN-ENGLISHDICTIONARY

PROGRESS PUBLISHERS

Moscow



PyCCKO-AHrJlHflCKHft JIEKCHHECKHfl MHHHMVM

ENGLISHTRANSLATIONS BY

V.

KOROTKYEDITED BY R. DIXON

COVER DESIGNED BY B. TRIFONOV

Ot ^vS^^



FOREWORD

This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a

teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.] outside Russian linguistic milieu.

It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists oi the commonest Russian words (vo-

cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the

words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words

but their uses as well.

The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the

meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary,

semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jiioSobf, k p6-

flHHe love for one*s country, c^êJiaxB BLiBo;t to draw a conclusion, coBepmiixb no-

ciynoK to perform an action, KaK Bac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mbi onosfla-

JiH K naâjiy cneKTaKJiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of

words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative

expressions containing these words are given, e.g. JIlct KaK H3 Be^pa It is

raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoporaero All the best, Vm xopomo, a ABa jiynrae

Two heads are better than one, etc.

The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words.

At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which

widen the scope of the vocabulary.

It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic-

tionary will provide the necessary foundation for conversation on various

everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals

without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often.

Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in

its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech

it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonestof these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as

separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in

the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary

is based on an exact word count.

The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals,

pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives

have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article

define them clearly enough.

Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender andthe pecu-

liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of

an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. KOB\en, gen. -ua,end) or genitive

plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied.

The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full.

Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl.

All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. Boâ,

ace. BoAy, water; ctojt, gen. ctoji^, pi. ciojiti, table; etc.

Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter and plural

endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are

1*



irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form

adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones.

Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive

and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed bythe feminine, neuter and plural forms.

Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons

singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are

specially marked, e.g. npoaoJi>KaTbCH to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no-

6eAiiTb to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation

of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is

formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (BesTii

to carry — sea, Besjia; bbhtb to take — bbhji, BSflJia). Irregular formations of the

imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6HTb to beat— Sen.

Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec-

tive verbs only the infinitive is given, with reference to the imperfective formeaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective

forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms.

After the imperfective forms questions are aupplied helping to determine

the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter-

part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one

of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning.

When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is

always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun-

terpart in one meaning and a different one in another.

Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given

after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives.Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously

with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered

as separate words, e.g. meji (from h^th to go), Bwme (from blicokhh high),

MHC (from H /), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini-

tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as

independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jiioah people, jiynme better,

etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their

principal forms.

Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all.

In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically.

In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de-noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural.

These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec-

tives, e.g. ^âuny3 Frenchman, (^paunymeuKa Frenchwoman; ^paLRU,y3hi the French,

(DpanuHH France; (J)paHqy3CKHii French.

Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given.

Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked

['], the secondary [']. All the words without independent stress should be

merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as xaK me, na ctoji, hc 6 bin,

He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets.

The Compilers



THE RUSSUN ALPHABET

A a

B 6

B B

r r

E e

E e

m JK

3 3

H H

H ii

K K

JI ji

M M

H H

o

n n

PpC c

T T

y y

(D(|.

X X

nn

^ q

m m

m m

^

hi H

b

9 9

10 K)

fl fl



ABBREVIATIONS

ace, accusative

adj., adjective

adv., adverbant., antonymcolloq., colloquial

comp., comparative

conj., conjunction

dot., dative

/., feminine

fig., figurative

fut., future

gen., genitive

i/np., imperfective

iniper., imperativeiinpers., impersonal

indecl., indeclinable

inf., infinitive

instr., instrumental

lit., literal

m., masculine

n., nounneut., neuter

num., numeralp., perfective

paren., parenthetic

pj^rt., participle

pers., person

philos., philosophy

pi., plural

poss., possessive

pred., predicate

predic, predicative

prep., preposition

prepos., prepositionalpron., pronoun

q. v., which see

sing., singular

superl., superlative

usu., usually



A, a

A conj. and

H ynycL b ynnBepcHTeTe, a hg b hh-CTHTyxe. / study at a university,

and not at an institute. Mm HsyâeM

pyCCKHH fl3LIK, a OHH aHrJinHCKHH,

We study Russian and they, English.

ABryCT m., no pi. August

CeroAHfl AecHToe aBrycTa. Today is

the tenth of August. H npiiexan b

aBrycie. / came in August. H npn-

exa.i AecHToro aBrycia. / came on

the tenth of August.

ABTOBYC m. busExaxb Ha asToSyce. To go by bus.

B aBT66yce mhofo napofly. There

are many people in the bus.

ABTOMAT m. automatic machine

Tejie(|)6H-aBT0MaT. Public telephone.

CTanoK-aBTOMax. Automatic machine-

tool.

ABTOMOBflJIb m. motor-car

Exaxb Ha aBXOMo6HJie. To go by

car.

ABTOP m. author

Abxoj) KHHrn. The author of a book.

ABTOPyMIKA /., gen. pi. -eK foun-

tain-pen

IlHcaxfc aBTopy^KOH. To write with

a fountain-pen.

ArPECCflBHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie aggres-

sive

ArpeccHBHaH nojiiixHKa. An aggres-

sive policy.

AFPOHOM m. agronomist

PaSoxaxb arpOHOMOM. To work as

an agronomist.

AJ^PEC m., pi. -a address

J[ame mhg sam Âpec. Give me your

address. Ilocjiaxb nmchud no a^pe-

cy. To send a letter to an address.

AKAÊMHH /. academy

AKa;^6MHH nayK. The Academy of

Sciences. GejibCKOXosHucxBeHHafl

aKa;teMHfl. The Agricultural Academy.

yqHXbCfl B aKaêMiiH. To study at

an academy.

AKKYPATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short

form aKKypaxen, aKKypaxH|a, -o,

-m; adv. aKKypaxHo painstaking,

punctual

AKKypaxHMH cxyA^HT. A painstak-

ing, punctual student. IlHcaxb aK-

KypaxHO. To write carefully.

AHAJIH3 m. analysis

AnajiHS H CHHxea. Analysis and

synthesis. AnajiHa MejKAynapoflHoro

noJiOJKeHHH. An analysis of the in-

ternational situation.

<> AnajiHS KpoBH. Blood test.

AHPflHA /., no pi. tonsillitis

y MeHfi anrHHa. / have tonsillitis.

Bojiexb anrHHOH. To be ill with

tonsillitis.

AIIEJIBCflH m. orange

BKycHbiH anejibCHH. A tasty orange.

KnjiorpaMM anejibCHHOB. A kilo-

gramme of oranges.

AnJIOAflPIOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox

imp. KOMy? He My? to applaud

AnjiOAHpoBaxb apxiicxy. To applaud

an actor.

AnilETflT m. appetite

XopomHH annexHX. A good appe-

tite. IIpHHXHoro annexHxal / wish

you a good appetite

AIIPEJIB m., no pi. April

CeroAHfl nepBoe anpeJifl. Today is

the first of April. Oh npncAex e

anpeJie. He will come in April.

^BaAuaxb xpexbero anpenfl mh ea-

jlHjiH Ha 3KCKypcHH). We went on

an excursion on the twenty-third of

April.

AHTEKA /. chemist's

fleJKypnaH anxena. Duty chemist's.

HoKynaxb JieKapcxBa b anxeKe. Tobuy medicine at a chemist's shop.

APB]$^3 m. water-melon

Cn^JibiH ap6y3. A ripe water-melon.



APE BE3

APECTIOBATb, -yio, -yemi.. -yioT

imp. & p. Koro? to arrest

ApecTOBaib npeCTynnHKa. To arrest

a criminal.

APMHH /. armyCnJibHafl apMHH. A strong army.

APTflCT m. actor

ApTHCT KHHO. A cinema actor. Ha-

poAHMH apTHCT GCGP. A People's

Artist of the USSR.APXHTEKTOP m. architect

TjiaBHWH apxHTCKTop. The chief

architect. IIpoeKT apxHxeKTopa. The

architect's project.

ACOHPAHT m. post-graduate student

AcnnpaHT Ka(J)eApH MaxeMaTHKH.

A post-graduate of the Mathematics

Chair.

Atom m. atom

Atom BOHopoAa. A hydrogen atom.

ATOMH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -He atomic

AxoMHaa aneprHH. Atomic energy.

AxoMHafl 8JieKTpocTaHD;Hfl. An atom-

ic power-station. Atomhhh Jieô-

KOJi. An atomic ice-breaker. Atom-

Hafl 66m 6a. An atomic bomb.

AYAHTOPHfl /.

1. lecture-room. IlHTafl ay^HTopHH.

Lecture-room No. 5. Mm sann-

MacMCfl B TpeTfceu ayAHTopHH.

We have our lessons in RoomThree.

2. audience. BHHMaTejiLnafl ay^H-

TopHH. An attentive audience.

ABPO^POM m. aerodrome

Ha aapoflpoMC. At the aerodrome.

Exaxfc Ha aapoApoM. To drive to

the aerodrome.

A3POnOPT m., prepos. b aaponopxy

airport

BcxpeHaxb êjieraqHio b aaponopxy.

To meet a delegation at the airport.

B, 6

BAfiynilKA /., gen. pi. -eK grand-

motherBA3A /.

1. basis. 9K0H0MHHecKafl 6a3a. Aneconomic basis.

2. base. BoeHHaa 6a3a. A military

base.

BAJI m., prepos. ua 6ajiy & o daJie;

pi. -M ball

Ohh nosHaKOMHJiHCB Ha 6ajiy. Theymet at a ball.

BAJIET m. ballet

HoBHH 6aJieT. A new ballet. Cmo-xpexb 6ajiex. To see a ballet. IIohxh

Ha 6a;iex. To go to a ballet.

BAJIKOH m. balcony

BbiiixH Ha 6ajiK6H. To come (go) out

on to the balcony.

BAHK m. bank

TocyAapcxBeHHUH 6aHK. The State

Bank. HaiîioHajiBHUH 6aHK. TheNational Bank.

BAHIKA /., gen. pi. -ok jar

GxeKJiHHHafl 6aHKa. A glass jar.

BAHH /. bath-house

BACKETBOJI m., no pi. basket-ball

IlrpaxB B 6acKex66ji. To play bas-

ket-bfll

.

BACCEHH m.

1. swimming-pool. HjiaBaxb b 6ac-

cefme. To swim in a swimming-

pool.

2. basin. KaMeHHoyroJibHLiw 6ac-

ceHH. A coal basin.

BAnilHH /., gen. pi. -en tower

BbicoKaH 6amHfl. A high tower.

KpeMJieBCKne 6amHH. The Kremlin

towers.

BEFAITb, -10, -emb, -lox imp. to run

JleTii 6eraiox b ca^y. The children

are^ running about in the garden.

EEJIA /., pi. 6eAH misfortune, trouble

JXpyr noMor MHe b 6eAe. My friend

helped me in my need.

BE^HIblH, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form

6eAeH, 6eAHa, 6eAH|o, -h; adv. 6eAH0

1. poor. BeAHaa cxpana. A poor

country. Oh 6eji 6eAH0 OAex.

He was poorly dressed.

2. fig. poor, y aero 6eAHoe boo6-

paJKeHHC. He has a poor imagi-

nation.

3. fig., only complete form poor.

BeAHaa meHmiinal Ona noxepajia

Cbiaa. The poor woman She has

lost her son.

BEÂTB, 6ery, 6eH«Hmb, 6eryx imp.

1. to run. CnopxcMCH 6e?KHx 6biex-

po. The sportsman runs quickly.

2. fig. to fly. BpeMH 6ejKiix. Time

flies.

BE3 prep. -\- gen. without

Han 6e3 caxapa. Tea without sugar.

XoAHXb 6e3 manKH. To go without

a cap.



BE3 BHJI

<> Be3 nflTH MHHyT BOceMb. Five

minutes to eight. Hex jûMa 6e3

orHfl (proverb). There is no smoke

without a fire.

BE3PAB0TH|blfl m., gen. -oro unem-ployed person

Oh 6e3pa6oTHHH. He is unemployed.

BEJIIMB, -aH, -oe, -ue white

BeJiaH CKaxepTb. A white table-cloth.

<> Bejibiii xjie5. White bread.

BEJIbE neut., no pi. underwear; linen

HafleTb qiicToe 6ejiLe. To put on

clean underwear. OTâxb 6ejibe b

CTHpKy. To give out one's washing.

IIocTeJibHoe 6ejibe. Bed-linen.

BEPEF m., prepos. o Gepere & na 6e-

pery; pi. -a bank, shore

Beper peKii. The bank of the river.

Beper oaepa. The shore of the lake.

OxAMxaxb na 6epery MopH. To rest

at the sea'side.

BEPEHB, 6epery, 6epe}KemL, 6eperyx,

past 6eper, 6eperji|a, -6, -h imp.

K r 6? H X o? to take care (of)

Beperwxe SAopoBbe. Take care of

your health. Bepe^b êxen. To takecare of the children. Bepe^b

BpeMH. To make the most of one's

time.

BECEJÂ /. conversation

/lIpyHêcKafl Secefla. A friendly con-

versation. Becxii 6eceAy. To carry

on a conversation.

BECEJi;iOBATB, -yio, -yemb, -yiox imp.

C KeM? KOM? HCM?//?. DO-

GecefllOBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox to

talk

H 6eceAyK) c xoBapnmeM o hobohKHHre. / am talking about a new book

with my friend.

BECKOHEHHIblfl, -aH, oe, -Me, short

form 6ecK0HeHeH, 6ecK0HeHH|a, -o,

-M

1. endless. BecKOHe^naH paBHHHa.

An endless plain.

2. endless. BecKOHe^HbiH cnop. Anendless argument.

3. infinite. Mnp SecKOHeneH. The

world is infinite.

BECnAPTflflHlblfl m., gen. -oro non-

party

Oh 6ecnapxHHHHH. He belongs to no

party.

BECnJIATHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.

6ecnjiaTH0 free, gratis

BecHJiaxHoe o6yHeHHe. Free educa-

tion. BecnjiaxHoe MeAHi^HHCKoe o5-

CJiyjKHBaHiie. Free medical service.

OxflMxaxb 6ecnjiaxH0 bcanaxopuH.To have free lodgings and board in

a sanatorium.

BECnOKOlHTbCH, -locb, -nmbCH,

-axcfl imp. KOM? o HeM?1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno-

KOHXbCfl o AexHX. To worry about

the children. BecnoKoiixbCH o

SflopoBbe. To be concerned with

one's health.

2. to bother. He 6ecnoK6fixecb, hcaM 3X0 cpênaio. Don't bother,

I'll do it myself.

BECnOKOnHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv.

SeenOKo MHO

1. restless. BecnoKOHHafl H«i3Hb.

A restless life.

2. restless. BecnoKOHHBiH qejiOBeK.

A restless person.

3. fig. agitated. BecnoKOHHoe Mope.

A choppy sea.

BECnOJIE3HlbIH, -an, -oe, -tie, short

form 6ecnojre3eH, Secnojieanla, -o,

-bi; adv. 6ecnojie3HO useless

Becnojie3Hoe aauHXHe. A useless

occupation.

BECnOMOmHlbin, -an, -oe, -we, short

form 6ecn6MOm,eH, 6ecn6MomH|a, -o,

-h; adv. GecnoMomHO helpless

BecnoMomHuii peGenoK. A helpless

child

.

BECnOPHAlOK m., gen. -Ka disorder

BecnopHAOK b KOMnaxe. Disorder

in the room.

BHBJIHOTEKA /. library

HaynnaH 6H6JiHoxeKa. A scientific

literature library. IlySjiHHHafl 6n6-

JiHOxeKa. A public library. Bpaxb

KHiirH b 6H6jTHOxeKe. To borrow

books from a library.

BHJIET m.

1. ticket. Bnjiex b xeaxp, b khho.

Ha KOHuepx; na noean, na napo-

xofl, Ha caMOJiex. A ticket for the

theatre, for the cinema, for a con-

cert; for a train, for a ship, for

a plane.

2. card. IlapxHHHEiH 6HJiex. A party

membership card. HpHrJiacMxeJib-

HLiH 6HJiex. An invitation card.

Gxyj];eHHecKHH 6HJiex. A stu-

dent's card.

3. 3K3aMeHan;H6HHbiH 6hji6x. A



BHO 10 BOJI

question-paper (for oral examina-

tions) .

BHOrPAOHH /. biography

PaccKaaaxb6Horpd$iiio.

Totell one's

biography.

BHTb, 6b|K), -eniL, -H)t; imper. 6eH imp,

1. Koro? êM? noHGMy? to

beat. Oh 6hji co6aKy nanKOH no

CDHHe. He heat the dog on the

hack with a stick.

2. HTO? qeM? p. paaoiiTL, pa-

3o6blK), -emt, -TOT to break.

Pa36HTb CTGKJIO KaMHGM. To

hreak a pane with a stone. Paa-

6HTb cxaKan. To break a glass.

3. Koro? p. paaCi'iTb to defeat.

PaaSHTb Bpara. To defeat the

enemy.

A. p. npo6iiTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. npo6b|eT, -k)T

to strike. Bbiox nacbi kpbmjigb-

CKOH 6amHH. The clock of the

Kremlin tower is striking.

BflTBCH, 6b|K)Cb, -erabCfl, -iotch imp.

1. to beat. GepAiê Swjiocb. Theheart was beating.

2. to struggle. Oh aojifo 6viJiCfl na^

peraeHHeM saAa'in. He wrestled

with the problem for a long time.

BJIArOÂPlflTb, -K), -limb, -ht imp.

Koro? HTO? 3a ht6?//>. no6jia-

rojtaplHTb, -10, -Hmb, -ht to thank

BjiaroflapK) sac aa BHHMaHHe. (/)

thank you for your attention.

BJIArOJÂPH prep. + dat. thanks to,

owing to

BjiaroâpH ynopnoMy Tpy^y ohhBwpacTHJiH SoraxLiH ypo?KaH. Thanks

to persistent work they've grown a

rich crop.

BJIE^HElTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. /p.

noSjieflHelxb, -lo, -emb, -lox to turnpale

no6jieflHeTb ox cxpaxa. To blanch

with terror.

BJI^J\H\hlVL, -an, -oe, -bie, short form

6jieAeH, 6JIe;^Hd, 6jiâh|o, -h; adv.

SjieflHO

1. pale. BjiÂHoe jihiô. A pale face.

BjieflHUH ox BOJiHeHHH. Pale

with excitement.

2. fig. colourless. Bjiâhmh otb^t.

A colourless answer.

BJIE|CTETB, -niy, -CTHmb, -cxiix or -my,

6jien;emb, 6ji6n;yT, 1st & 2nd pers.

rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle

Gner Sjigctht he cdJiniie. The snow

is sparkling in the sun. Fjiaaa y nee

6jiecTHX ox paflocxH. Her eyes are

sparkling with joy.

BJIECT}Î^|Hfl, -aH, -ee, -ne

1. shining. BjiecxamHH npeAM^x.

A shining object.

2. fig. brilliant. BjiecTflmne ycn6-

XH. Brilliant success. Bjiecxfln^HH

oxBex. A splendid answer.

BJIfi3K|H0, -an, -oe, -He, short form

6JIH30K, 6jiH3Ka, 6jih3k|o, -h; adv.

6jiu3ko; comp. SjiHjKe

1. near. B;iH3KaH agp^bhh. A near

village. Jlec h pen^ 6jih3KO. Theriver and the forest are close by.

R jKHBy 6jiii3K0 ox yHHBepcHxe-

xa. / live near the university.

2. figf close. BJIH3KHH flpyr. Aclose friend.

BJIIOAO neut.

1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6jik)ao. Aporcelain dish.

2. course. IlepBoe 6jik)A0. The first

course. OSeA hb xpex 6jik)a. A

three-course dinner.BOr [6oxl m., gen. pi. -6b God

BepHXb B 66ra. To believe in God.

BOrATCTBO neut.

1. wealth. Orp6Mnoe 6oraxcxBo.

Great wealth.

2. pi. resources. IIpHpoAHHe 6or^T-

cxBa. Natural resources.

BOrATIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form

6or^T, -a, -0, -m

1. rich. BoraxuH nejioBeK. A rich

person

2. fig. rich. Boraxmn ypoHtan,

yji6B. A rich harvest, catch.

BOfl m., prepos. b 6ok) & o 66e; pi.

6oH, 6oeB battle

norii6Hyxb b 6oi6. To die in bat-

tle. Ha noJie 66h. On the battle-

field.

BOK m., prepos. b (na) 6oKy; pi. -A side

JlejKaxb Ha 6oKy. To lie on one's

side. JIoBepHyxbCH 66kom. To turn

side-ways.

BOJIEE adv. more

B6Jiee bwcokhh. Taller. B6Jiee hh-

xepeCHWH. More interesting.

<> Ten 66jiee (qTo). The more so\

especially as. Bojiee hjih Menee.

More or less.

B0JlE3Hb /. disease, illness



BOJI II BOH

TflJKejiafl 6o.ie3Hb. A grave

disease.

BOJIEH, 6ojiLHJa, -6, -u short adj. used

as predic. ill {cf. BOJIbHOfl)

fl doJien. / am ill. Ona 6ojiLHa yjKe

AaBHo. She has been ill for a long

time.

BOJIE|TBS -K), -eniL, -k)t imp. neM?to be ill

BojieTB jioJiTo. To be ill for a long

time. Bojiexb rpnnnoM. To be ill

with the 'flu. H 6ojie;i aHniHon. /

had a sore throat.

BOJI|ETb^ 1st & 2nd pars, not used,

3rd pers. -tit, -ht imp. to hurt, to ache

y MGHH 60JIHT Hora. My leg hurts

me. y MGHH Sojinx roJiOBa . / have a

headache. Y Hero 6o;ieJiH sySu.He had a toothache. Y Hee 60J111T

ropjio. She has a sore throat.

BOJIbHaiÂ /. hospital

Fopo/tCKafl 6ojii>HHiâ. A city hospi-

tal. Jle/KaxB B SojiBHiiue. To be in

hospital.

BOJIbHO1. adv. badly. MaJiLHim Sojibho

yniHScH. The boy hurt himself

badly.

2. predic. impers. it hurts. MneGoJTbHO. It hurts me.

BOJIbHlOfl, -afl, -6e, -Lie

1. sick, bad, diseased. BoJibHan

AeBo^Ka. A sick girl. BojibHoe

cepAUe. A bad heart.

2. fig. sore. Bojibhoh Bonpoc. Asore problem. 3x0 ero 6oJibH6e

Mecxo. This is his sore spot.

BOJIbHlOfl m., gen. -oro; 6ojibH|afl

/., gen. -OH, pi. -bie, gen. -tix sick

person, patient

BojibHOH jiemJTX b 6ojibHiin,e. Thepatient is in hospital. Bpan ocMax-

pHBaex SojibHoro. The doctor is

examining the patient.

BOJIblHE1. comp. 0/ SojibmoH bigger. Mock-

Ba SoJibme JlennHrpaAa. Moscowis bigger than Leningrad.

2. comp. of MHoro more. Oh anaex

Sojibme, qeM a (66jibrae mchh).

He knows more than I do.

<> Bojibine Bcero. Most of all.

3. adv. more. BoJibme Hex BonpocoB?No more questions? fl SoJibme HeMory. / can't endure it anylonger.

BOJIbfflHHCTBO neut., no pi. ma-jority, most

BojibmHHCXBo cxyfleHxoB sanHMaexca

cnopxoM.Most

studentsgo in for

sports.

BOJIbiniOfl, -afl, -6e, -He, comp. 66jib-

me (q. v.)

1. big, large. BojibmoH aom. A big

house. Bojibmaa pena. A large

river.

2. great. BojibmaapaAOcxb. A great

joy.

BOMBA /. bombAxoMHaH 66M6a. An atomic bomb.

BoAopoAHafl 66M6a.

Ahydrogen

bomb. BaopBaxb 66M6y. To explode

a bomb.

BOPlEU; m., gen. -ua fighter

Bopei^ 3a CBo66Ay- ^ fighter for

freedom. Bopii,w aa Miip. Champions

of peace.

BOPOTbCH, 6opi6cb, 66pembCH, 66-

pioxcH imp. 3 a h x 6? 3 a k r 6?

npoxHB Hero? npoxHB ko-to? c KeM? c HeM? to fight, to

struggleBopoxbCH c BparoM. To fight the

enemy. BopoxbCH c 6ojie3HHMH.

To fight disease. BopoxbCH 3a Mtip.

To fight for peace.

BOPbBA /., no pi. 3 a hxo? 3 a

Koro? npoxHB nero? npo-XHB Koro? c KeM? c êM?1. fight, struggle. Bopb6a aa neaa-

BHCiiMOCXb. Struggle for independ-

ence. BopbCa npoxHB BparoB.

The fight against the enemies,KjiaccoBafl 6opb6a. Class struggle.

IIojiHXHHecKafl 6opb6a. A politi-

cal struggle.

2. wrestling. KjiaccHHecKan 6opb-

6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. BoJib-

Hafl 6opb6a. Free style wrestling.

BOTflHlKH pi., gen. pi. -ok; sing.

-OK, gen. -Ka boots

KyHHxb 60XHHKH. To buy boots.

BoxHHKH copoK Bxoporo pasMcpa.

Size number forty-two boots.

BO|)lTbCH, -KCb, -iimbcfl, -hxca imp.

Koro? Hero? & + inf. to be

afraid, to fear

BoHXbCfl npocxyAH. To fear a chill.

BoHXbCfl Mopoaa. To be afraid of

the frost. BoflXbCfl 3a6oJiexb. To be

afraid of falling ill. fl 6oi6cb, hxo



BPA 12 Byji

ono3flaK) Ha noesA. / am afraid I'll

miss the train.

<> BOJIKOB 60HTbC« — B JieC HB

xoAHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven-

ture, nothing have. Jêjio Macxepa

6eHTCfl (proverb). Gf. He works best

who knows his trade.

BPAT m., pi. 6paTLH, 6paTteB

brother

CTapniHH 6paT. The elder (eldest)

brother. Mnaj^miiik opax. The young-

er (youngest) brother.

<> PoflHoii 5paT. Brother. Jluom-

poAHbiii 5paT. (First) cousin.

BPATb, 6ep|y, -emb, -yx, past 6pa;i,

6pajia, 6paJi|o, -h imp. h t o? ko-

to?//?. B3flTb, B03LM|y, -cniL, -yT,

past BBflJI, BSflJia, BBHUJO, -H

1. to take. Oh Seper khiifh co

CTOJia. He is taking the books

off the table.

2. 3 a HTo? to take. Bpaxb Koro-

HH6yflb 3a pyny. To take some-

body by the hand.

3. to borrow. Bpaxb KHiini b 6h6-

.iHOTene. To borrow books from

the library.

O BsfliTb ce6fl B pyKH. To pull

oneself together. BsflTb cjiobo. Totake the floor.

BPATLCfl, 6eplycL, -enibca, -yxcfl,

past 6pajiCH, 6paJi|acb, -ocb, -ncb

imp. 3a Koro? 3a hto ?//?.

BSflTbCH, B03bM|yCb, -euibCH, -yTCfl,

past B3HJICH, B3flJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb

1. to take hold of. Oh b3hjich sa

pyHKy ,^BepH. He took hold of

the handle of the door.

2. fig. to apply oneself (to). Oh ro-

pflHo BSfiJica 3a paSoxy. He set

about the work enthusiastically.

BPHrAj}[A /. team

Bparafla paSonnx. A team of workers.

BPlITbCH, 6pe|K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp. HeM?//). no6pHXbCfl, no6pe|-

K)Cb, -enibCH, -IOXCH to shave— Bw Speexecb b napHKMaxepcKOH?— Hex, H 6p6K)Cb caM. Z)o you

shave at a barber's? ''No, I shave

myself.

BPOB|B /., gen. pi. -6h eyebrow

HepHHe 6p6BH. Black eyebrows.

XMypnxb 6p6BH. To knit one's

brows.

BPO^flTB, 6poH«y, CpoAHmb, 6p6AHX

imp. to roam

Mbi AOJiro 6poAHJiH no jiecy. Weroamed the forest for a long time.

BPOCAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. /

p. 6p6|cHXb, -my, -cnmb, -chx

1. Koro? Hxo? KyAa? to throw.

BpocHXb pbi6y B BOAy. To throw

a fish into the water, h e m? b

Koro? BO Hxo? Bpociixb

KaMHeM B OKHO. To throw a

stone at a window.

2. -\-inf. to give up. BpocHXb Ky-

pnxb. To give up smoking.

<> Bpocaxb cjiOBa Ha sexep. Totalk at random.

BPOCAITbCH, -locb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp. KyAa? na Kor6?/iP. 6p6|-

CHXbCfl, -mycb, -cnmbcn, -chxch to

throw oneself (on), to attack

Go6afca 6p6cHJiacB na 4eji0BeKa. The

dog attacked the man. BpociixbCH

B MOpe. To throw oneself into the

sea.

BPOCHTb see BPOCATbBPOCHTbCH see BPOCATbCHBPK)KH no sing., gen. pi. 6piOK trou-

sers

My>KCKHe 6pK)KH. Men's trousers.

ByJ^flTb, 6yjKy, 6yAHmb, 6yAHT imp.

Koro? /p. pa36yARXb, pa36yH{y,

pasSyAHHib, pa36yAHx to wake

Pa36yAHXb xoBapiima. To wake up

a friend.

By^TO conj. as if

Oh paccKa3biBaex xaK HHxepecHO,

6yAxo caM Bce axo BiiAeji. He has

such an interesting way of telling

things as though he had actually

seen them himself.

B'yj^yimEE neut., gen. -ero the fu-

ture

JlfiTU.— name 6yjs,ymee. Children

are our future. B 6yAynêM. In the

future.

BâyimHH, -afl, -ee, -ne future;

next

ByAymaH pa66xa. Future work. B6yAymeM roAy. Next year.

B^KBA /. letter

B pyccKOM aji$aBHxe 33 6yKBbi.

There are 33 letters in the Russian

alphabet.

ByjIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok roll

CAoCnafl 6vJiKa. A bun.

ByjIOHHIAH [-mn-] /., gen. -oh bakery

Kyniixb xJieSa b 6yjioHHOH. To buy

some bread at the baker's.



BYM 13 BA3K

BYMArA /.

1. no pi. paper. HiicTaa 6yMara.

Clean paper. ByMara ji^zia nncb-

Ma. Note-paper.2.: ll,eHHHe SyMarn. Securities.

B^PH /. storm

CwjiBHaH 6ypH. A violent storm.

<> Bypfl B CTEKane boaw. A storm

in a teacup.

ByXEPBPOjt rn. sandwich

ByTep6p6A c MacjioM. Bread and

butter. ByxepSpoA c BexHHHOH. Aham sandwich.

ByXb'IJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok bottle

ByTWJiKa MOjiOKa. A bottle of milk.Bya)£T m.

1. sideboard. B 6y(j)eTe ctoht nam-

KH H CTaKaHBi. There are cups

and glasses in the sideboard.

2. buffet. Bjêr pa66TaeT c 9 ^lacoB.

The buffet is open from 9 o'clock.

Bbl (B) modal particle, rendered in

English by the Conditional Mood and

also by the compound pronouns and

adverbs whoever, whatever, however,

whenever, etc.

I. 1. ECJIH 6w H 3HaJI, fl 6m hosbo-

HHJi Te6e. Had I known, I would

have called you up.

2. JlexoM H xoxeJi 6w noexaxt b

JleHHHrpaA. / should like to go

to Leningrad in summer.

3. nieji 6li tli cnaibl You ought

to go to bed

II. 1. Kto 6li Mor 3T0 Cflejiaxb? Whoever

could have done that?

BblBAlTb, -10, -enib, -lox imp.1. to go, to visit. H Hacxo 6MBaio

B xeaxpe. / often go to the

theatre.

2. to be, to occur. 3hm6h 6biBaiox

6ojibmHe Moposbi. There are

severe frosts in winter.

BKlCTPIblfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form

6bicxp, 6bicxpa, 6bicxp|o, -bi; adv.

6bicxpo quick, swift

Bbicxpaa peKa. A swift river. Bbicx-

po exaxb. To go quickly.BblTb, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense

ecxb is often omitted; fut. 6yji;ly.

-enib, -yx; past 6biji, 6bijia, 6bijio,

6bijiH; He 6hji (-o, -h), ne Swjia

im,p.

1. there is (are). B Mockbg ecxb

yuHBepcHxex. There is a univer-

sity in Moscow. Panbrae aêcb

6biJi Jiec, a xenepb ropo^. There

used to be a forest here, and now

there is a town. B MocKBe MHoro

TeaxpoB. There are many theatresin Moscow.

2. to have. Y Mena ecxb 6pax. /

have a brother. Y Riena 6bi.T

6pax. / had a brother.

3. to be (ecxb is omitted). Gennac

3HMa. It is winter now. Bnepa

6biJi CHer. There was snow yester-

day. Bnepa 6bijia naxHHna, ce-

rd;i;Ha cy666xa, a saBxpa 6yflex

BOCKpeceHbe. Yesterday was Fri-

day, today is Saturday and to-

morrow will be Sunday.

4. to be (ecxb is omitted) Moii 6pax

— HHHteHep. My brother is an en-

gineer. MoH oxen; 6mji BpanoM.

My father was a doctor, fl 6yAyarpoflOMOM. / shall be an agrono-

mist.

B, B

B (BO) prep.I. -\- prepos.

1. in. B HHCbMeHHOM cxojie. In

the desk. HVxETh b Mockbc. To

live in Moscow. IIpoHHxaxb b ra-

3exe. To read in a newspaper.

2. in. Po;:^HXbCfl b 1949 ro^y. To

be born in 1949. B abrycxe. In

August. B nponijiOM BCKe. In

the last century.

3. in. HejioBeK b nepnoM KOcxioMe.

A man in a black suit.

II. -j- ace.

1. in, to, at. nojio>KHXb b mna^.

To put in the wardrobe. IIpHexaxb

B MocKBy. To come to Moscow.

2. on, at. B cy666xy b xpn ^laca

6yflex coSpanne. There will be a

meeting at three o'clock en

Saturday.

3. not translated. IlepeBbinojiHHXb

njian b j^Ba paaa. To fulfil a

plan twofold.BAPOH m. (railway) carriage

JKecxKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail-

way carriage. MarKHH BaroH. A soft-

seated railway carriage.

BAHCH|blQ, -an, -oe, -He, short form

Bamen, BaJKna, BajKHJo, -bi; adv.

BaWKHO

1. important. BajKHoe coo6^êHHe.



BAH 14 BEP

An important announcement (com^

munication). BawHUH Bonpoc.

An important question. 9to hg

Ba>KHO. This is

ofno importance.

2. important, pompous. Oh roBO-

pHJi c Ba?KHHM BHAOM. He was

speaking with an air of impor-

tance.

BAHHA /. bath

IIpHHHTb BaHHy. To take a hath.

<> C6jiHe* Hbie BaHHbi. Sun-baths.

BosAymHbie BaHHbi. Air-baths.

BAPEHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue boiled

Bapenoe mhco. Boiled meat.

BAPflTb, BapK), Bapnmb, BapflT imp.

qTO? //). CBapnTB, CBapio, CBapnrab,

ceapflT to boil, to cook

BapjiTb Mflco. To boil meat. Cfia-

pHTb cyn. To cook soup. Bapiixb

o6eA- To cook dinner.

BAIII, -a, -e, -ii pron. your

BoT Baraa KOMHaTa. Here is your

room. KaK Bame SAopoBbe? How are

you?

BBEFX adv. Kyâ? up(ward)

GMOxpexb BBepx. To look up. Jle-

TOTb BBepx. To fly upward.

BJÂJIll adv. rfle? in the distance

Bjiajivi HOKaaaJicJi noea^. A train

appeared in the distance.

B/ÂJlb adv. Kyâ? into the dis-

tance

CMOTpeTb Bâjib. To look into the

distance.

B^^BOEM adv. two (together)

PaGoTaxb b^bocm. To work together

(two persons).

BJÔJIb prep. 4- gen. along

Exaxb Bôjib 6epera Mopn. To drive

along the sea coast. BÔJib ôporH

pacxyx AepeBbH. There are trees

along the road.

B;^Py^ adv. suddenly

B^pyr nomeji ôJÂt. Suddenly it

started to rain.

BE^PO neut., pi. Be^pa, Beêp, bca-

paM, etc. bucket

BeApo BOAH. A bucketful of water.

<> ÔH<Ab jibGT KaK H3 seApa. //

is raining cats and dogs.

BEflb1. conj. for. Oh o6H3axejibHO npn-

Aex, BeAb oh snaex, hxo Mti ero

TKjjfiM. He will certainly come, for

he knows that we are waiting for

him.

2. particle but. Beflb axo npasAal

But this is the truth/

BEHCJlHBIblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short

formBeJKJiHB, -a,

-o,-ii;

adv. Bern-JiHBO polite

BeJKnHBbiH Majib^HK. A polite boy.

Be>KjiHBO npocHXb. To ask politely.

BE3JÊl adv. r a e? everywhere

BesAe Jiewaji cner. There was snoweverywhere.

BE3|Tfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past nea, sea-

Jija, -6, -li imp. Koro? ^to?KyAa?1. to take, to carry. Mamjina Beaex

MOjioKO B ropoA. The truck

is carrying the milk to town.

BeaxH peSeHKa b eanaxopHH. Totake the child to the sanatorium.

2. imfers. ko My? to be lucky. EMyBeaex. He is lucky. Mne HeBesjio. / had no luck.

BEK m., pi. -a, -6b century

/^BaAUaxbin BeK. The twentieth cen-

tury. B npomjioM Bene. In the last

century.

BEJIlETb, -K), -limb, -hx imp. & p.

{past only p.) k o M y? qeMy?-|- inf. to order

Maxb BeJieJia CMy hohxh b MaraaHH.

His mother told him to go to the

shop. Ona BejieJia, hx66li oh KyniiJi

Macjia. She told him to buy some

butter.

BEJlflK, -a', -6, -H short adj. (cf.

BOJIblUOfl & BEJIflKHfl) too

large

KocxiOM BeJiHK ewy. The suit is too

large for him. Ty^JiH ea BemiKU.

The shoes are too large for her.

BEJIflKlHfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form

BejiHK, -a, -0, -H great

BejiHKHii yHeHwii. A great scholar.

BEJIOa/inEJJ, m. bicycle

HoBbiH BeJiocHHeA- -4 new bicycle.

Exaxb Ha BejiocnneAe. To ride a

bicycle.

BEPA f., no pi. B Koro? bo qxo?belief, faith

Bepa B no6eAy- Belief in victory.

Bepa B HeJiOBCKa. Faith in man.

BEP£B|KA /., gen. pi. -ok string,

rope

^jiMHHafl BepeBKa. A long piece of

string.

BEPIHTb, -K), -nmb, -ht imp./ p. no-

BeplHXb, -K), -Hmb, -ax



BEP 15 BEq

1. KOMy? HGMy? to believe. HTe6e Bepio. / believe you.

2. B K r 6? BO H T 6? to have

faith (in). BepnTb b Hapo;^, b

erd CHJiH. To have faith in the

people, in their strength.

BEPHI^Tb, -y, -emt, -yT p. Koro?^TO? KOMy? to return

BepeyTij jiêHhTU TOsapHmy. To re-

turn money to one's friend.

BEPHiyXBCH, -ycb, -emtcH, -yxcfl p.

K y A ^? o T K y fl a? to come back

BepnyTLca ;i;om6h. To come back

home. BepnyTbCH H3 noesflKH. To

come back from a trip.

BEPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form

Bepen, Bepna, Bepno, Bepnti; adv.

BepHO

1. faithful. BepHHH Apyr. A faith-

ful friend. Bepno cJiy>KHTb na-

poAy. To serve the people faith-

fully.

2. correct. Bepnoe peraeHiie. The

correct decision. Bepnan mhcjib.

The right idea. Bepno pemnxb

saâ^y. To solve a problem cor-

rectly.

BEPOHTHO paren. word probably

GerOAHH MH, BepOHTHO, nOHACM B

Knno. Today we shall probably go

to the cinema.

BEPTOJIET m. helicopter

BepTOJieT HOBOH KOnCTpyKDiHH. Ahelicopter of a new design.

BEPXHlHfl, -Hfl, -ee. -ne

1. upper. BepxnHH aiaJK. The upper

storey.

2. outdoor. Bepxnee njiaxte. Out-

door clothes. BepxHflH OAe^Kâ.

Outdoor clothes.

BEPfflflHA /. top

Bepmnna êpeBa. The top of a tree.

Bepmiina ropH. The top of a moun-

tain.

BEC m. weight

Bee Tejia. The weight of a body.

BoJibmoH Bee. A great weight.

BECEJIjblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form

BecejT, Becejia, Becejilo, -u; adv.

Becejio merry, gay

Becejibie CTyAeBTbi. Gay students.

BecejiaH neCHH. A merry song. MneBeceJio. / feel gay.

BECEHHIHfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ne spring

BeceHHHH ji,eEh. A spring day.

Becennee coJiniie. The spring sun.

Becennee najibTo. A spring coat.

BE|CHTb, -my, -cnmb, -cht imp. to

weigh

Apoya BecHT nnxb KHjiorpaMMOB.

The water-melon weighs five kilo-

grarnmes.

BECHA /., pi. Becnw spring

BECHOfl adv. in spring

BecHoH na noJinx xaex oner. In

spring the snow thaws in the fields.

BECTH, BeAl.y, -erab, -yx, past bcji,

BeJi|a, -6, -ri imp.

1. Koro? Hxo? Kyâ? to take.

Maxb BeAex peSeuKa b AexcKHH

caA. The mother is taking her

child to the kindergarten.

2. Hxo? to conduct. Becxii ypoK.

To conduct a lesson.

<> BecTH xo3flHCTBO. To keep a

house.

3. to lead. KyAa bcaSx 3xa Aopo-

ra? Where does this road lead to?

<> BecTH ceSn. To behave. PeSenoK

BGAeT ce5H xopomo. The child

behaves well. On iie yivieeT bbcth

ce6n. He can't behave himself.

BECb {gen. Bcero), bch {gen. Bceii),

Bce {gen. Bcero), Bce {gen. Bcex)

pron

1. all, whole. Pa66xaxb Becb Aenb.

To work the whole day. Pa66xaxb

BCK) HO^b. To work the whole

night.

2. used as n. nee everything. Bce

B nopHAKe. Everything is all

right.

3. used as n. ece everybody. Bce

npnmJiri? Has everybody come?

<> Bcero xoporaero All the best

Bce speMH meji ji,o'Mji,h. It was

raining all the time.

BETIEP m., gen. -pa wind

IIoAyJi CHJibHWH Bexep. A strong

wind blew.

Bf.TlKA /., gen. pi. -ok

1. branch. BexKa SepesLi. A branch

of a birch-tree.

2. branch-line. JKeJieanoAopoiKHafl

BexKa. A railway branch-line.

BEHEP m., pi. -a

1. evening. IIpHHXH aomoh b ceMb

HacoB Beêpa. To come home at

seven o'clock in the evening.

2. evening-party. IlpaaAHHHHbiH

Benep. A festive evening.



BEH 16 BHH

MyatmaJiBHUH Beiep. A musical

evening. JlnTepaxypHUH Beêp.

A literary evening.

BEHEPHlHfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ne

1. evening. BeHepHHH aapH. Eve-ning twilight.

2. evening. Beqepnee nJiaxLe. Anevening dress. BeHepHHH (|)a-

KyJiLTex. Evening department.

BEHEFOM adv. in the evening

H npHfly K BaM BenepoM. / shall

come to see you in the evening. Bqe-

pa BeêpoM y nac 6ujiii tocth. Wehad guests yesterday evening.

BEinAlTb, -K), -eniL, -k)t itiip. k o-

ro? HTO? Kyjs,a?/p. noBe|cHTb,-my, -CHmb, -cht to hang

Bemaxb KapTHHy na cieny. To hang

a picture on the wall.

BEmECTBO neut. substance

TBepfl;oe BemecxBo. Solid substance.

TKiijiKoe Beni;ecxB6. Liquid substance.

ra30o6pa3Hoe BenêcxBo. Gaseous

substance.

BEmib /., gen. pi. -eft

1. thing. Hy>KHafl Bem;i>. A thing

one needs. \\Usu.pl. Beiii,ii things.OxBeaxH Bemn na BOKsaJi. To

take one's things to the station.

2. thing. KoMno3Hxop nanncaji xo-

pomyio BemB. The composer

wrote a good piece.

B3AflMH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -me mutual

BaaiiMHafl jik)66bl. Mutual love.

B3B0JIH0BATb see BOJIHOBATbB3rJIHA m.

1. look. IIpHCXaJIbHMH B3rJIHA. Astare. HezKHuft B3rJiflji;. -^'^

affectionate look. BpoCHXbB3rJiH^. To cast a glance.

2. view. HayHHHe bsfjihabi. Scien-

tific views.

BBrJIflH^Tb, BsrJiHHy, BsrJiRHemb,

BsrJiHHyT p. HaKoro? na hxo?to glance

Oh B3rJiHHyji na nacu. He looked

at the clock.

BSAOXHyTb see Ba^blXATb

B3;:^bIXA|Tb,^ -K), -erab, -lox imp./p. B3AoxH|yxb, -y, -emb, -yx to sigh

TjiySoKo BSAOXHVxb. To heave a

deep sigh.

B30flTfl see BCXOflflTbB3P(3CJI|blfl, -afl, -oe, -bie

1. grown-up. BspocJibiH cwh. Agrown-up son.

2. n, grown-up. GJiymancfl B3p6c-

Jibix Listen to grown-ups/

B3PbIB m.

1. explosion. BspbiB SomSm. Abomb explosion.

2. fig. outburst. BspwB cMexa. Anoutburst of laughter.

B3flTb see BPATbB3HTbCH see BPATbCHBJIJI} m.

1. look. BAopoBbiH BHfl. A healthy

look. BoJibHoft BH/i;. An unhealthy

look.

2. view. KpacHBHH bh^ na ropofl.

A beautiful view of the city.

<0> HMGTb B BHAy. To bear in mind.

BHJl,^ m. sort, kind, species

BflÊH, BHflna, bhaho, bh^hm short

adf. visible

rdpoji BPiflen c Mopfl. The town

can be seen from the sea.

Bfl/^HO Koro? H X 0? predic. im-

pers. (it is) visible

OxcioAa flaJieKO bii;jho You can see

far into the distance from here

Hmero ne bh^ho. Nothing is visible.

Mne xopomd bitaho. / can see

well.

BflmETb, -my, -jiiiuih, -flflx imp.

Kord? Hxo?//?. yBHl;i;exb, -jKy,

-ji:Hmb, -AHX to see

B oKHo fl BHHty cxapbiH napK. / see

an old park through the window.

IIjioxo Bir;5exb, To have poor eyesight.

Fajj, Bac BMêxb. / am glad to see

you.

<> BHACTb BCe B pOSOBOM CBCTe.

To see through rose-coloured spec-

tacles.

Bil^HMO paren. word apparently

BftflHMO, 3X0 6hji ee snaKOMbiH. It

must have been her acquaintance.

BlI^H|blQ, -afl, -oe, -we eminent

Bh;i;hhh yqenbiH. Afi eminent

scientist.

BflJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok fork

JI,aHxe, noHtdJiyncxa, BWJiKy. Will

you give me a fork, please? EcxbBHJIKOH. To eat with a fork.

BHHA /. fault^

3x0 MOH BHHa. It is my fault. 3x0

npoH3omji6 no mo6h bhuo. It has

happened through my fault.

BHHO neut., pi. BHHa wine

KpenKoe bhho. Strong wine. Qjiap,.



BHH 17 BHH

Koe BHHo. Sweet wine. Cyxoe bhho.

Dry wine.

BHHOBATIWH, -aH, -oe, -He, short

form BHHOBaT, -a, -o, -bi

1. guilty, fl BHHOBaT nepeA bsmh.

/ am guilty towards you. Oh hg

BHHOBaT. He is not guilty.

2. fig., only complete form guilty.

BHHOBaTufi BsrJiHfl. A guilty

look. BuHOBaToe BbipajKenne jih-

na. A guilty expression on one's

face.

BHHOrPA/^ m., no pi. grapes; vine

CJiaAKHH BHHorpaA- Sweet grapes.

BH|CETb, -ray, -ciimb, -cat imp. rfle?

to hang

IlaJibTo BHCi'iT Ha BeraaJiKe. The

coat is hanging on a hanger. KapTa

BHcr'iT Ha CTCHe. The map is hang-

ing on the wall.

BKJIfOHAITb. -K), -emb,^ -iot i?np.

H t 0^/ p. BKJiK)H|HTb, -y, -lirab, -ax

to switch onBKJiiOHHTb CBeT. To switch on the

light.

BKJIIOHfiTb see BKJIIOHATb

BKyC m.

1. taste, y cyna CTpaHHMH BKyc.

The soup tastes queer.

2. fig. taste. OaeBaTbCH co BKycoM.

To dress with taste. Y Hero

xoporaHH BKyc. He has good

taste.

BKyCHIblfl, -an, -oe. -tie, short form

BKVceH, BKycna, BKycH|o, -li; adv.

BKycHO tasty

BKycHuii saBTpaK. A tasty break-

fast. Qua roTOBHT BKycno. Shecooks tasty meals.

BJlAJ\E\Th, -10, -erab, -iOT imp. HeM?1. to own. BjiajêTb seMJieii. To

own land.

2. fig. to know. BjiafleTb HHocTpan-

HWM H3E>ik6m. To know a foreign

language.

BJlAH{H|blM, -an, -oe, -bie, short form

Bjiawen, BJia>KHa, BJia>KH|o, -w dampBjiawHbiH KJiHMaT. A damp climate.

Bjiawnan TpauKa. A damp rag.

BJIACTb /. power

BwTb (cTOHTb) y BJiacTH. To be in

power. BsHTb BJiacTb b cboh pyKH.

To take power into one's hands.

ITpHHTW K BJiacTH. To come to power.

BJIE3A|Tb, -K), -erab, -iot imp. naHTO? bo HTO?/ /). BJie3|Tb, -y,

2—4002

-erab, -yT, past BJiea, BjiesJila, -o,

-H to climb

MaJibHHK BJies Ha Kpwray. The boy

climbed onto the roof. Oh BJies b okho.

He climbed in through the window.BJIF3Tb see BJIE3ATbBJIHUHHE neut. influence

OnasaTb BJiHHHHe na TOBapnraa. Toexert influence on a friend. BbiTb

Hoa BjTHHHHeM 6paTa. To be under

the influence of one's brother.

BJTIOBflTbCH see BJIIOBJIilTbCHBJlK)BJlH|TbCH, -K)Cb, -eiiibCH, -iotch

imp. B Kord? bo ^to?//?. bjik)-

6l'lTbCH, BJIK)6jIl6cb, BJIK)6HrabCH,

bjti66htch to fall in love

Oh BjTK)6(ijicfl B MOK) cecTpy. Hefell in love with my sister.

BMECTE adv. together

PaOoraTb BMecTe. To work together.

BMECTO prep. -\- gen. instead of

BMecTO ypoKa ceroann 6y;teT aK-

CKypcHH. There will be an excur-

sion instead of the lesson today.

BMEinATbCH see BMEUIHBATbCHBMEUlHBAITbCH, -locb, -erabCH,

-lOTCH imp. BO H T 6? / />. BMe-

malTbCH, -locb, -erabCH, -iotch to

interfere

He BMemHBaHTecb ne b cBoe neJio.

Don't interfere in what doesn't con-

cern you.

BHA4AJIE adv. at first, at the begin-

ning^

BnaqaJie see CJiyraajin BHHMaTejib-

HO. At first everybody listened at-

tentively.

BHE prep. -\- gen. outside

Bne AOMa. Outside the house.

<> Bne 6»iepeflH. Out of turn.

BHECTfl see BHOCflTbBHEmHlHW, -flfl, -ee, -ne

1, outer, outward.

2. external, foreign. BneraHHH no-

jiHTHKa. Foreign policy. Bnera-

HHH TOproBJTH. Foreign trade.

BHH3 aofz^. k y fl a? down(ward)

CnycTHTbCH BHH3. To come {go) down.

BnH3y adv. r fl e? belowBhhsv TeKJia peKa. Down below

flowed a river.

BHHMAHHE neut. attention

BHHMaHHe Attention 06pamaTbBHHMaHHe Ha ht6-jih6o. To pay

attention to something. HpHSJieKaTb

BHHMaHHe. To attract attenUon. He



BHH 18 B03

oCpamaHTe BHHManHH. Don't pay

attention. Bjiaroâpio Bac 3a bhh-

MaHHe. Thank you for your attention.

BHHMATEJIbHiblfl, -an, -oe, -ue,short form BHiiMaTejien, BHHMaTeJib-

H|a, -0, -u; adv. BHHMaiejibHO atten-

tive. BHHMaTejibHMii yqeHHK. Anattentive pupil. BmiMaTejibHO HiiTaTt

KHiiry. To read a hook attentively.

BHOCflTb, BHomy, BHOcnnib, bhocht

imp. Koro? h t o? KyA^?/p. BHeclTif, -y, -eniL, -yx, past bhSc,

BHecji|a, -6, -fi

BHecTii Bemn b KoMHaxy. To carry

the things into the room.<> BfiecTH npeAJiOHcenne. To table

a motion.

BHYK m. grandson

BHyTPEHHIHfl, -nn, -ee, -ne

1. internal. BHyipeHHiie 6oJie3HH.

Internal diseases.

2. internal. BHyTpeHnee nojio>KeHHe

B CTpane. The internal situation

in a country. BHVTpeHHHH noJiii-

TiiKa. Internal policy.

BHYTPH1. adv. rji;e? inside. Bojiht BHyx-

pii. It hurts inside.

2. prep,-f-

gen. inside. Bnyxpii

KOMHaxbi. Inside the room.

BHYTPb inside, into

1. adv. K y A a?: IIpHHaxL jiCKapcxBO

BHyxpK. To take a medicine.

2. prep. -\- gen.: SarjiHHj'xT. Bnyxps

aajia. To look into the hall.

BH^HlKA /., gen. pi. -en granddaugh-

ter

BOBPEMH adv. in time

IlpHiixH BoepeMH, To come in time.

BO BPEMfl prep, -j- gen. during

Bo BpeMH BOHHM. During the war.

Bo BpeMH nepepuBa. During the

interval.

BOBCE (He) adv. at all

Oh BoBce He AOKXop, a HHJKenep.

He is not a doctor at all, he is an

engineer.

BO-BTOPb'IX paren. word second(ly)

Bo-nepBbix, h ycxaji, BO-BxopHX,

xony cnaxt. First, I'm tired, sec-

ondly, I'm sleepy.

BO3A /., ace. BOfly; pi. BOAti water

XojiOAHaH BOAa. Cold water. Fopn-

ân BOAa. Hot water. MnnepaAbHaaBOAa. Mineral water. OpyKxoBaH

BOAa. Fruit drink. CxanaH boah.A glass of water.

<0' BuuTH cyxHM H3 BOAbi. To come

off unscathed. KaK abc Kanjin bo-AW. As like as two peas. MnoroBOAbi yxeKJio. Much water has

flowed under the bridges.

BOJ^flTb, BOJKy, BOAHOib, boaht imp.

1 . K r 6? H X o? K y A a? to take.

BoAHXb Aexea na nporyjiKy b

napK. To take the children out for

a walk in the park.

2. Hxo? to drive, BoAUXb ManiH-

HV. To drive a car.

BO|EBATb,-lOK),

-loemb, -loioximp.

c K e M? c H e M? to fight

Boesaxb c BparoM. To fight the

enemy.

BOEHHI biH, -an, -oe, -bie war, military

1. BoeHHoe nojiowenne. The mili-

tary situation. BoeHHaa npo-

MbimjiCHHOCXb. War industry.

BoeHHoe BpeMH. War time.

2. n. Moil 6pax — BoenubiH. Mybrother is in the army.

BOaCj^lbm., gen. -h leader

Bo>KAb HapoAa. The leader of the

people.

B03BPATflTb see B03BPAmiATbBOaBPATflTbCfl see B03BPAmATb-

Cfl

B03BPAmA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

KOro? HXO? KO My?/ /?. B03Bpa|-

xiixb, -n;y, -xiimb, -xhx to return

BosBpaxHXb AOJir xoBapHm;y. To

return a debt to one's friend.

B03BPAmA|TbCH,-locb, -enibCH,

-loxcH imp. Kyjia?^ oxKyAa?/p. B03Bpa|XHXbCfl, -myCb, -XHfflbCH,

-xaxcH to come back

BosBpantaxbCH aomoh h3 noxofla.

To return home from a hike.

B033;yX m. air

HmcxwiS BosAyx. Pure air. CBe»CHH

BOBAyx. Fresh air.

<> Ha CBCHteM eoBAyxe. In the open

air.

B03flTb, Bowy, BoBHmb, bobax imp.

Koro? ^xo? to carry

MaraiiHbi Bosflx khpdhhh. Lorries

carry bricks.

B03JIE1. adv. near. ManiHHa ocxanoBH-

jiacb BOSJie. The motor-car stop-

ped near by.

2. prep. + gen. near. Er6 AOm na-



B03 19 BOP

XOflHTCfl BOSJie yHHBepCHTGTa.

His house is near the University.

BO3M0aCHOCTI> /.

1. opportunity. IlMeTB bo3m6>k-

HOCTb. To have an opportunity

âXB B03m6h«HOCTB K0My-JIH60

c;êJIaTb ht6-jih6o. To give some-

body an opportunity to do some-

thing.

2. usu. pi. possibilities. Bojitmiie

bo3m6h<hocth. Great possibilities.

BOSMOHCHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short

form BosMoJKeH, BOBMOTKHia, -0, -h;

adv. BOBMOJKHO possible, probable

BoBMOJKHbiH cjiynaH. A possible

case. 3to snojiHe bobmojkho. That

is quite possible.

B03HHKAlTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -ex, -k)t imp. /p.

B03HHKH|yTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -ex, -yx, past bob-

HHK, -Jia, -Jio, -JTH to appear

3x0 rocyAapcxBo bobhhkjio b xpexb-

CM Bene. This state appeared in the

third century.

BOaHflKHyXb see BOBHHKATbBOaPAHÂlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

KOMy? Ha Hx6?/j». BoapalBPixb,

-my, -Bumb, -bhx to reply, to object

BoBpaBHXb fliOKJiaA^HKy. To reply to

the speaker. BoapaBHXb na BaMenaHHe.

To reply to a remark. Ecjih bli ee

BoapajKaexe... // you don't mind...

B03PA3flTb see B03PA3KATbBd3PACT m. age

/],exH mKoJibHoro BOBpacxa. Children

of school age. B Boapacxe mecxHê-

CflXH Jiex. At the age of sixty.

BOflHA / ,pi. BOHHM war

O^'bfiBUTh BOHHy. To declare war.

norH6Hyxb na bohhc. To lose one's

life in the war.

BOflTfl see BXOAflTbB0K3AJI w. station

JleHHHrpaACKHH BOKaaji. Leningrad

Railway Station. Iloexaxb na bok-

BaJi. To go to the station.

BOKP^r1. adv. round. TiiraHHa uoKpyr.

There is silence all round.

2. prep. -^ gen. round. BoKpyr

flOMa 6hiji cafl. The house was

surrounded by a garden.

BOJIEflBOJI m. volley-ball

Mrpaxb B BOJienSoJi. To play volley-

ball.

2*

BOJIK m., gen. pi. -6b wolf

<> BojiKOB 5oflTbCH — B Jiec HexoAHTfa (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven-

ture, nothing have.

BOJIHA /., pU BojiHH wave

BOJIHEHHE neut. excitement, ner-

vousness

Oh noSjieflHeJi ox BOJiHennH. Heturned pale with excitement.

BOJIHlOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox imp.

K r 6? H X 0? / />. BBBOJlH|OBaxb,

-yio, -yemb, -ywx to worry

3xox Bonpoc MGHa onenb BOJinyex.

This question worries me very much.

BOJlHlOBATbCH, -yiocb. -yerabcn,

-yioxcfl imp. to worry, to be ner-

vous, to be excited

BojiHOBaxbca nepeA aKsaMenoM. To^feel nervous before an examination.

BOJIOCbl pi., gen. pi. eojioc, bojio-

caM, etc.; sing, bojioc hair

KpacHBbie BOJiocLi. Beautiful hair.

BpJIfl /., no pi. will

CwJibHaa bojih. A strong will. Bojia

K noSefle. The will to win.

BOOBIU,E adv.

1. in general. Boo6me bxo npaB;i;a.

In general it is true.

2. at all. Oh BOo6me ho roBoppix

no-pyccKH. He does not speak

Russian at all.

BOOPyHCEHHE neut.

1. no pi. equipment. BoopyjKeHne

apMHH HOBHM opyjKneM. Theequipment of the army with new

weapons.2. usu. pi. armaments. CoKpameHHO

BOopyjKeHHH. A reduction of ar-

maments. FoHKa BOOpyJKeHHH.

The arms race.

BO-nEPBblX paren. word first(ly),

in the first place

Bo-nepBwx, bxo xpyfljHo... In the

first place, it's difficult...

BonpOc m.

1. question. IIpocxoH Bonpoc. Asimple question. 3aflaxb Bonpoc.To ask a question.

2. question, problem. BamHWH Bon-

poc. Alt important question. Ha-

i^HOH^jibHUH Bonpoc. The national

question.

BOP m., gen. pi. -6b thief

ApecxoBaxb B6pa. To arrest a thief.



BOP 20 Bnp

BOPOTA no sing., gen. pi. BOpoT

1. gate(s). Bopoxa caAa. The gate

of a garden.

2. goal, riocjiaxb mhi b BopoianpoTMBHHKa. To send the ball

into the opponent's goal.

BOPOTHflK m., gen. -a collar

MexoBOH BopoTHHK, A fur colUr.

BOCKJIflKHiyXb see BOCKJIHUiATbBOCKJIHU;AlTb, -KD, -emb, -iot imp.

p. BOCKjiHKHlyTb, -y, -emb, -yx to

exclaim, to cry out

PaaocxHO BOCKJiHKHyxb. To cry out

joyfully.

BOCKPECfiHbEneut.

SundayB B0CKpeceHr,e mm esAiiJiH sa ropoA.

We went to the country on Sunday.

BOCIIHTAHHE neut. upbringing,

education

BocnuTaHHe pe6eHKa. The upbring-

ing of a child. Oh nojiyiHji xopo-

mee BocniiTaHne. He received a

good education.

BOCllHTATb see BOCnflTblBATbBOCnflTblBAlTb, -K), -euib, -k>x imp./

p. BOcnuralTb,-lo,

-emb,-lox to

bring up

1. Koro? to bring up. Bocnuxaxb

CbiHa. To bring up one's son.

2. qxo? B KOM? to cultivate.

Bocnuxaxb b jiernx jiioSoBb k

npHpoAe. To cultivate love for

nature in children.

BOCnOJIb30BATbCH see nOJIbSO-BATbCfl

BOCnOMHHAHHE neut.

1. recollection. BocnoMnnauHe oex-

cxBa. Recollection of one's child-

hood.

2. usu. pi. reminiscences, memoirs.

BocnoMHuaiinH o coBpeMeuHH-

Kax. Reminiscences of one's con-

temporaries.

BOCCTAHABJlHBAjTb, -lo, -emb, -lox

imp. qxo?/ p. BOCCxa|HOBHTb, -hob-

JIK), -HOBUmb, -HOBHT tO TCStorC, tO

rebuild

BoccxanoBHXb paapymeHHun ropoA.

To rebuild a town that had been

destroyed. BoccxauoBuxb xoshhcxbo.• To restore the economy.

BOCCTAHHE neut. uprising, revolt

IloAHflXb Boccxanne. To raise a

revolt.

BOCCTAHOBflTb see BOCCTAHAB-JIHBATb

BOCTOK m. east

1. east. CoJiHue bocxoahx Ha bocx6-

Ke. The sun rises in the east.

2.East. Bjthjkhhh Bocxok. NearEast. âjTbunii Bocxok. Far

East. CpeAHHH Bocxok. Middle

East. Bm 6biJiH Ha Bocxone?

i/a?.'e you been in the East?

BOCTOPr m. delight, enthusiasm

Oh c BOCxoproM paccKaawBaji o cbo-

ea noesAKe. He was telling about

his trip enthusiastically.

BOCTOHHibiB, -aa, -oe, -bie east(ern)

BocxoûhiH Bexep. An east wind.

BocxoiHoe uanpaBJieHHe. Aneasterly

direction.

BOCXHTHTbCH see BOCXHUÂTbCHBOCXHmAlTbCH, -locb, -ombCH, -lox-

Cn^mp. KeM? HCM?/ p. bocxh|-

xiixbCH, -mycb, -XHmbCfl, -Xflxcn to

admire

Becb MHp BOCxumaexcH noABHroM

repoeB. The whole world admires the

heroes' feat.

BOCXO/^ m. rising

BocxoAc6JiHH,a. The sunrise.

BOX particle

1. here is. Box KHiira. Here is the

book.

2. what (a). Box npacoxal Whatbeauty Box axo xopomo That's

good

BHEPBb'IE adv. for the first time

H BnepBbie b MocKBe. It is the

first time I have been in Moscow.

BIIEPE/^ adv. KyAa? forward

Maxh BoepeA. To go forward.

BHEPEAfl1. adv. TAe? in front. BnepeAH

6bijTH ropbi. There were mountains

in front.

2. prep. -\- gen. at the head of, in

front of. BnepeAH kojiohhh

necJiH BHaMeaa. At the head of

the column they carried banners.

BnEMATJlEHlfE neut. impression

CnJibHoe BneâxjieHHe. A strong

impression. Mrpa apxHCxa npoHSBe-

jia SoJibmoe BneqaxjieHHe na spw-

Tejieii. The actor's performance made

a great impression on the specta-

tors.

BIIPOHEM conf. though, nevertheless

KapxHHa xoporaaa, Bnp6»teM bu

caxfH ee yBHAHTe. The picture i9

good, though you'll see it yourself.



BPA 21 BCT

L

BPAF m., gen. -a enemy

BopoTbCH c BparaMH. To fight the

enemies.

BP|ATb, -y, -enib, -yT, past Bpaji,

BpaJia, BpajiH imp. KOMy? hcmj'^?/p. coBpiaib, -y, -eiuh, -yx, past

coBpaji, coBpana, coBpajiH colloq. to

lie. PeGcHOK coBpaJi OTu.y. The child

lied to his father.

BPAH m., gen. -a physician, doctor

BpaH-xepaneBT. A therapeutist. TKeii-

mHHa-Bpan. A lady doctor. Bbixb

y Bpana. To be at the doctor's. M^th

K Bpa^y. To go to the doctor. Co-

BCTOBaTbCH c BpaôM. To consult a

doctor.

BPE^H|blH, -afl, -oe, -Lie, short form

BpeaeH, BpeAHa, BpeAH|o, -w; adv.

Bpeano harmful, bad

BpeAHUH HenoBeK. A bad man.

BpeAHaa Teopna. A harmful theory.

BpeAHoe pacTeHiie. A noxious weed.

BaM BpeAHO MHoro KypnTb. It's

bad for you to smoke so much. Mop63

BpeACH A«nfl K)>KHb]X pacTemiH. Frost

is dangerous for southern plants.

BPEMfl neut., gen., dat., prepos. Bpe-

mchh; pi. BpcMena, BpeMen, BpeMO-

HaM, etc. time

1. CKO-ibKO BpeMCHH? What time

is it? BpeMH HACT. Time flies.

BpeMH npomjio. The time has

passed. BpeMH He jkact. Time

waits for no man. BpeMH noKa-

meT. Time will show.

2. Beêpiiee BpeMH. Evening. ô>ka-

jiiiBoe BpeMH. Rainy period.

Cxapbie BpcMena. Old times.

BpeMena roAa- Seasons.

<^ BceMy CBOe epeMH. There is a

time for everything. Bee BpeMH. All

the time. Ona Bce BpeMH CMeHJiacb.

She laughed all the time. Bo opeMH

used as prep. ~{-gen. Bo BpeMH Boii-

HH MM ?KHjiH y 6a6yraKH. During

the war we lived at our granny's.

BCEi pron., see BECb, 2

BCE2particle still,

everA OH Bce MOJiHHT H MOJiqiiT. Andhe still keeps silent. H Bce nameBcnoMHHdio TBOH cjiOBa. / recollect

your words ever oftener. Oh Bce eme6ojieeT. He is still ill. Tw Bce menpHxoflti KO MHe. You come to see

me just the same.

BCEPAA adv. always

Oh BcerAa BecejiWH. He is always gay.

BCEMflPHlblfl, an, -oe, -we world

BceMkipHbin (j[)ecTHBa;ib. World festi-

val.BCE PABHO1. all the same. Mne Bce paBHo. It's

all the same to me.

2. just the same. Xoth oênb xo-

jiOAHO, fl Bce paBHo nofiAV TyAa.

Though it is very cold, I'll go

there just the same.

BCE-TAKI] particle just the same

H Bce-TaKH nowAY â Benep. I'll

go to the evening-party just the

same.

BCKOFE adv. soon

BcKope HaâjiCH AO^Âfc- Soon it

began to rain.

BCJIEJI after, following

1, adv. Oh nocMOTpeJi BCJieA... His

eyes followed...

2. used as prep. -\- dat. or sa -{-instr.

Oh nocMOTpeJi bcjica eMV. He

followed him with his eyes. Mti

Homjiii BCjiGA 3a HHM. We fol-

lowed him.

BCJiyX adv. aloud

MHTaTb BCjiyx. To read aloud.

BCnAXATb see HAXATbBCllOMMHAlTb, -lo, -emb, -iot imp.

K o r 6? ^ T o? or o neu? / p. bchom-

H|HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HT

1. to recollect, fl BcnoMHHîo

CBoero Apyra. / recollect myfriend. BcnoMHHaTb o AexcTBe.

To recall one's childhood.

2. to remember, fl HHKaK ne Mory

BcnoMHHTb. / just Can't remem-

ber.

BCnOMHHTb see BCnOMHHATbBCTAIBATb, -K), -emb, -K)t imp. f

p. BCTa|Tb, -Hy, -Hemb, -nyx to get

up, to rise

Ka?KAblH AGHb H BCTaiO B ceMb Ha-

coB yTpd, HO ceroAHfl h Bcxaji b

BoceMb HacoB. Every day I get up

at seven o'clock in the morning, but

today I got up at eight o'clock.

Cojmae BCTaeT na BocioKe. The sun

rises in the east.

^ Bcxaxb c Jieeofi hofh. To

get out of bed on the wrong side.

BCTATb see BCTABATbBCTPETHTb see BCTPEÂTbBCTPfiTHTbCfl see BCTPEHAXbCfl



BCT 22 Bbl

BCTPEHA /. meeting

Bcxpeia Apyaen. A meeting of

friends. GepACHHaH Bcxpena. A cor-

dial meeting.

BCTPEHA|Tb, -K), -eiuL, -iot imp.KOro? H T 0? /p. BCTpe|THTb, -Hy,

-THmb, -THT to meet

1. fl BCTpeTHJi ero cjiyn^MHO. /

met him by chance.

2. BCTpeTHTb XJieSOM-COJIbK). Toextend hospitality to somebody.

<> BcTpeqaxb HoBbiu roji. To see

the New Year in.

BCTPEHAITbCH, -rocb, -embca, -k)t-

CH imp. c KCM? c êM?/

p. BCXpelTHTbCH, -HyCb, -THmbCH,-THTCfl to meet

BcTpeTHTbCH c ApysbflMii. To meet

friends. Mw BCTpexHJiHCb Ha yjiH-

Hfi. We met in the street.

fig. BCTpeXHTbCfl C TpyAHOCTHMH. Tomeet with difficulties.

BCTynAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. bomo? / p. BCTyoHTb, BCTynjifo, BCxy-

nnmb, Bcxynax to join

Bcxynwxb b cnopxHBHoe oSmecxBO.

To enter a sports society.BCTynflTb see BCTynAxbBCXO^flTb, Bcxowy, BCxoAHmb,

BCXOAflX imp. I p. B30H|xii, -Ay,

-Aerab, -AyT, past B3o|meji, -mjia,

-mjio, -rajiiT

1. to ascend. Bcxoaiixb na Bepraa-

ny ropij. To climb to the top of

the mountain.

2. to rise. G6-iHi;e bcxoahx. The

sun rises.

BClDj^y adv. everywhereBcK)Ay 6i>iJio xeMiio. It was dark

everywhere

BCHKiHfl, -aw, -oe, -ne pron.

1. any

2. all sorts of. B MarasHne ecxb

BCHKHe npoAyKXLi. There are all

sorts of foodstuffs in the shop.

3. u.'ied as n. anyone•0- Ha BCflKHH cjiyqau. Just in

case. Be3(o) bchkux xpyAOB. With-

out any difficulty.B TEHEHHE prep. -{-gen. during

B xeHenne 3Hmh. During the win-

ter. PaSoxaxb b xeHeiine roAa. Towork during the year.

BTOPHHK m. TuesdayCo6paHHe cocxohxch bo bxophhk.The meeting will take place on

Tuesday. Kamjs,uu. BXopHHK. EveryTuesday.

B-TPETbllX paren. word third(ly)

Knara, BO-nepBwx, oênb nnxepec-

Haa, BO-BXOpUX, KpaCHBO o$6pM-jiena, h, B-xpexbHX, ona JierKo hh-

xaexcH. First, the book is very in-

teresting, second, it is beautifully

designed, and, third, it reads well.

BTPOEM adv. three (together)

Mu oSeAaeM BxpoeM, We three dine^

together.

By3 m. (= Biicmee yn^Snoe saBCA^-

HHe) higher educational establish-

ment

B MocKBe oKOJio 90 ByaoB. In Mos-cow, there are some 90 higher edu-

cational establishments.

BXO^ m. entrance

BxOR B Mexpo. An entrance to the

underground. Bxoa b napK. Anentrance to the park. FjiaBHUH

BXOA- The main entrance.

BXOJîiTb, BXo>Ky, Bxonvtnih, bxoahtimp.K y na? / p. BOH|xii, -Ay, -Aerab,

-Ayx, past Bo|meji, -mjia, -mjio,

-mjiM1. to enter. Bohx/i b KJiacc. To

enter the classroom. Pasperanxe

BoiixH? May I come in?

2. B cocxas AeJierauHH bxoahxnflxb HejiOBCK. The delegation

consists of five members.

<> BoiiTH BO BKvc. To get to like.

BoflxH B MOAy. To become fashion-

able. BoHTH B AOBepue K KOMy-

-jih5o. To win somebody's confi-

dence.BÊPA adv. yesterday

BHepa 6bijio xojioaho. It was cold

yesterday.

BHEPAniHlHfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ne yester-

day's

BqepamHflfl raaexa. Yesterday's

paper.

BT>E3HCA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.

K y A a? / />• B-bexaxb, B-bCAly, -emb,

-yx to drive (into)

BTbexaxb b ropoA- To drive into atown. B-bexaxb na ropy. To drive

uphill.

B-bfiXATb see B'bESHCAXbBbl pron., gen., ace, prepos. Bac,

dat. BaM, instr. saMH

nporay Bac, ji^kme mho KHiiry.

Will you kindly give me the book?



BBIB 23 BblH

BblBHPAlTb, -K), -eniB, -iot imp.

K r 6? H T 0? / />. BtidpaTfc, Bbi6ep|y,

-emb, -yx to choose, to select

BbiSpaxb cnennajibHOCTb. To choose

a speciality. BbiSpaTb 6jik)A0. Tochoose a dish. Bbi6paTb jiyimnx

CnopXCMCHOB H3 HHCJia CTyflCHTOB.

To select the best sportsmen among

the students.

BKlBOPbl pi., no sing, elections

BbiSopbi B napjiaMeHT. Elections to

the Parliament. Bce66in,He, paBHbie

H npflMbie BbiSopw. Universal, equal

and direct elections.

BWBPACbIBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t

imp. Koro? h t o? Kyâ?/p. BH5po|cHTb, -my, -cnmb, -cat to

throw out

BbiSpocHTb eeHyHtHbie GyMarn. To

throw out the unnecessary papers.

BfiBPATb see BblBHPATbBb'IBPOCHTb see BblBPACblBATbBblBECTH see BblBOAHTbBlilBOJ^ m. conclusion

GAeJiaTb npaBHjibHUH blibo^. To

draw the right conclusion.

BblBO/^flTb, BHBOJKy, BblBOAHfflb,BWBOAHT imp.

p. BblBClCTH, -ay,

BLIBCJI, -a, -0, -M

1

Koro?-flcmb.

H T 0? /

flyx, past

I

to take out. BbiBecxH Jloma;êH

Ha nporyjiKy. To take the horses

for a walk.

2. to remove. BbiBecxn ohxho na

KOCXioMe. To remove a stain

from a suit.

<> Oh BMeeji mchh h3 ce6w. He

put me beside myself.BttrJIHIflETb, ->Ky, -AHmb, -ahx

imp. to look

Ona xoporao BbirjiHAHX. She looks

well.

BttPHATb see BblFOHIlTbBbirOHUlTb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp.

Koro? oxKyâ? / p. Bwrnaxb,

Bi>iroH|io, -nmb, -hx to turn out

H ero BhirnajiBOH. / turned him out.

BbIJÂiBATb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

q X o? K M y?//>. BHAaxb, BblAaM,BbiAamb, BbiAacx, Bupâj^mM, BbiAa-

AHxe, BbiAaAyT

1. to give out. BbiAaxb KBHrn. To

give books out.

2. to give away, to betray. Ero

BbiAaJTH. He was betrayed.

BblfliATb see BblAABATb

BblE3HCA|Tb, -K),^ -emb, -rox imp.

I p. Bbiexaxb, BbieAly, -emb, -yx to

leave, to drive out

Mamnna Bbiexajia h3 rapajKa. The

car drove out of the garage. BbiexaxbH3 ropoAa. To leave town.

Bb'IEXATb see BbIE35KATbBi;i3BATb see Bbl3bIBATbBbl3A0PABJIHBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -rox

imp. I p. BbiBAopoBcIxb, -K), -emb,

-lox to recover

MoH 6pax BbiBAopoBeJi. My brother

has recovered. BbiBAOpaBJiHBaHxe

Get well

Bi;i3A0P0BETb see BbI3A0PABJIH-

BATbBbl3bIBAlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

KOTo> I p. BbT3Baxb, Bbi30B|y, -emb,

-yx to call out

Bbi3Baxb cxyAeHxa k AOCKe. To

call out a student to the blackboard.

Bb'mrPATb see BblflPPblBATbBblflrPblBAITb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo? y koto} I p. Bbinrpalxb, -lo,

-emb, -K)x

1. y Koro? lo win. Bbinrpaxb y

Apyra napxHK)b

raaxMaxbi. Tov)in a game of chess from a

friend.

2. to win. Bbinrpaxb MamHHy. Towin a motor-car

Bb'IHTH see BblXOJ^flTb

BblKJIIOHAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

q X 0? I p. BbiKjiiOH|Hxb, -y, -nmb,

-ax to switch off

BbiKJiiOHHXb CBex. To switch off the

light.

Bb'IKJIK)4HTbsee

BblKJIIOHATbBKlJTE^HTb see JIE^HTbBblJlHBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo?oxKyAa? Kyjia.? / p. bw-

jiHXb, BbiJib|io, -emb, -lox; imper.

Bbijieii to pour out

BbijiHXb BOAy H3 cxaKaea. To pour

water out of a glass. BbiJiHXb mojio-

k6 b Kacxpiojiio.. To pour milk into

a saucepan.

Bb'IJlHTb see BblJIHBATb

Bb'IMblTbsee

MblTbBttMblTbCH see Mb'ITbCfl

BblHHMAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo.> oxKy Aa? / />. BbiHlyxb, -y,

-emb, -yx to take out

Bbinyxb njiaxoK h3 KapMana. To take

a handkerchief out cf one's pocket.

BblHYTb see BblHHMATb



Bbin 24 BblX

BttnnCATb see BbinnCHBATbBbinflCblBAlTb, -lo, -erab, -k)t imp.

H T o? I p. Bb'inn|caTB, -my, -menib,

-rayT

1, HTO? oTKyAa? to copy out.BbiniicaTb miTary H3 KHiirw. To

copy out a quotation from a book.

2. to subscribe. BbiOHcaTb jKypuaJiH

H raaerw. To subscribe to maga-

zines and newspapers. BbinHcaxb

peueuT CojJbHOMy. To write a

pre >cription for a patient.

Bb'inHTb see HHTbBbinOJIHKHHE neut. fulfilment

BMHOJiHeHHe njTaua. The fulfilment

of a plan.Bb'inOJIHHTb see BbinOJlH)lTbBbinOJIH>I|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.

H T O? / p. BLinOJlHlHTb, -lO, -Hmb,

-HT to carry out, to fulfil

BbmojiHHTb 6oJibmyK) paSoxy. To

carry out a great work. Bi.'inoJiHHXb

MecHHHbiM njian. To fulfil a monthly

plan.

BblUyCKAITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

K o r 6? H T o? / /). BbinylcTHTb, -my,

-CTHmb, -CTflT

1. to let out. BbinycTiiTb nxiiuy 113

KJieTKii. To let the bird out of

the cage.

2. to turn out. BbinycxHTb cnenna-

jiiicxoB. To turn out specialists.

3. to turn out. Bbinycnaxb npo-

flVKiuiK) BbicoKoro Kaqecxea. To

turn out high-quality products.

Bb'inyCTHTb see BblliyCKATbBblPAHÊHHE neut. expression

1. MnxepecHoe BbipaweHne. An in-terestin g expression

2. Bbipa>KeHHe Jiuna. Expression.

Bb'IPACTH see PACTfl

BblCOKlHfl, -aH, -oe, -iie, short form

BbicoK, BbicoK|a, -6, -h; adv. bmco-

k6; comp. Bbime

1. tall. BbicoKHH flOM. A tall house.

BbicoKHH êJTOBeK. A tall man.

2. fig. high. BbKOKHH ypoBenb

H^HBHH. A high living standard.

BbicoKaH xeMuepaxypa. A hightemperature. BbicoKoe jijABZieumQ.

High pressure. Bmcokhh roJioc.

A high voice.

BblCOTA /. height

BoJibmaa Bbicoxa. A great height.

IIphDKKn B Bucoxy. High jumping.

3AaHHe cto MexpoB b Bucoxy. A

building a hundred metres high.

JI|epeBo BMCoxoii b jtecHxb MexpoB.A tree ten metres high.

Bb'ICTABlKA /., gen. pi. -ok exhibi-

tionBbicxaBKa flocxHweniiH HapoflHoro

xosHHCXBa. The Exhibition of Eco-

nomic Achievement.

Bb'ICTPEJliHTb, -K), -limb, -hx p. to fire

BbicxpeJiHTb 113 niicxoJiexa. To fire

a pistol.

BblCXynAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./

p. Bbicxylnnxb, -njiio, -nwmb, -nar

1. to speak. Bbicxynnxb na co6paHMH.

To speak at a meeting. Bbicxy-

nnxb c peHbK). To make a speech.2. to appear. Bbicxynuxb b rjiaBHOH

poJiH. To appear in the principal

role.

Bb'ICTVnHTb see BblCTyHATbBbl( XynJIEHHE neut.

1. speech. Bbicxynjieiine flejieraxa.

The delegate's speech. Bbicxynji^-

HUe MHHHCXpa UHOCXpaUHblX flCJI

no xeJieBMAenHK). The foreign mi-

nister's appearance on television.

2. performance. BbicxynJieuHe ap-TiicxoB. The actors' performance.

Bb'ICIDIMfl, -aH, -ee, -ne

1. higher, superior

2. highest, supreme 0* Bbicmee o(ipa30BaHiie. Higher

education. Bucmiiii opraii BJiacTn.

The supreme organ of power.

Bb'ITAIU,HTb see TAIUftTb, 2

BblTElETb see BblTHPATbBblTHPAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

q X o? / p. Bbixepexb, Bbixply, -erab,-yx, past Bbixep, -Jia, -Jio, -jih to wipe

Bhixepexb pyKU h jihuo hojiox^h-

ueM. To wipe one's hands and

face with a towel.

Bb'iyHHTb see yqflTb, 1

Bb'IXOA m. exit

Bbixofl H3 Mexpo. The exit from ths

underground station. Bb'ixoA H3

napna. The exit from a park.

BblXOAflTb, BMxowy, Bbixo^Hinb,

BbixoAHX imp. o X K y fl a? / />. bbih-XH, BbiHfliy, -erab, -yx, past bu-

raeji, Bbirajila, -o, -h to go out

BbixoAifxb H3 KOMHaxM. To go out

of the room. Bwhxh h3 KJiacca. To

go out of the classroom.

< BbiuTH H3 TepneHHfl. To lost

patience. Bmuth cyxHM h3 BOflw.



BBIX 25 rjiA

To come off unscathed. Buuth H3

ce6H. To lose one's temper.

BblXOAHIOfl, -afl, -6e, -we free

Bbixo;iH6u AGHb. A day off. H ce-

roAHfl BbixoAHOH. / am free today.

r, r

rA3 m. gas

BoAopoa — JierKHH raa. Hydrogen

is a light ga^. Y Hac npoBejiii ra3.

They laid on gas in our house.

rA3ETA /. newspaper

HuxaTb raaexy. To read a newspa-

per. CeroAHflfflHHH raseia. Today'snewspaper.

rAJICTYK m. (neck)tie

BaBH.iaTb raJicTyK. To tie one's tie.

riHOHepCKHH raJiCTyK. A Young

Pioneer's scarf.

TACflTb, ramy, racnnib, racHT imp.

H T o? / /?. noraciTTb, noraray, nora-

CHmb, noracHT to switch off, to

put out

TacHTb CBeT. To switch off the

light. noracHTb Kociep. To put outa fire.

rACTI'OHOM tn. provision shop

KyuMTb npoAVKTbi b racTponoMe,

To buy foodstuffs at a provision shop.

TRE1. adv. where. Tê Bbi paGoTaeie?

Where do you vôrk? Ffle bm >kh-

Beie? Where do you live?

2. asconj. where. X1,om, rê h jkhbv,

nocTpoen b 3T0M ro^y. The house

in which I live was built this year.rflE-HHBy/tb adv. somewhere

fl Syay rAe-HH6yAi> sflecb. / shall

be •'omewhere here.

TA^-TO ado. somewhereMbi c BaMH rae-To BCxpenaJiHCB.

We have met somewhere.

rEHHAJIbHIblfl, -an, -oe, -me of

genius

nieKcnnp — renwaJTbHbiH aHFJiim-

CKHH ApaMaxypr. Shakespeare is a

great English dramatist. TeHHaJibHoenpoH3BejieHHe. A work of genius.

rEOrPAOnHECKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne

geographic(al)

Feorpacj^rtHecKHH axjiac. A geograph-

ical atlas. BeJiMKHB reorpa4)HHe-

CKHB OTKpMTHH. The great geograph-

ical discoveries. y^HTbCH na reo-

rpa(|)iiHecKOM âKyjibTeie. To study

in the geography department.

rEOrPAa)Hfl /., no pi. geography

(PnswêcKaa reorpa(|)Hfl. Physical

geography. 3K0H0MHHerKaa reorpa-(|)Hfl. Economic geography.

TEOJIOr m. geologist

BuTb reojioroM. To be a geologist.

rEPOflHECK|HH, an, -oe, -ne heroic

repoHHecKHH xpyA. Heroic labour.

TepoHHecKaH 6opb6a. //eroic struggle.

TEPOfl m.

1. hero. Fepoii bohhm. A war hero.

2. hero. FjiaBBbm repdii poMana.

The hero of the novel.

3. hero. Fepdn Tpyâ. Heroes oflabour.

FflBHiyXb, -y, -emb, -yx, past rnS,

-jia, -Jio, -JTU imp. ox Hero?/p. nortiSHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx

Bo BpeMH BXOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHM

norwdjiH MHJiJiMOHbi JiK);ieH. Mil-

lions of people died in the Second

World War. J^êpenbfl rriSnyx ox

MopoBa. Trees perish with cold.

FHMHACTHKA /., no pi. gymnastics

yxpetmaa rnMHacxHKa. Morningp. t. exercises. CnopxHBHaa rHMna-

cxHKa. Sports gymnastics. JêJiaxb

FJTMHacxHKy. To do p. t. exercises.

3aHMMaxbCH niMHacxHKOH. To prac-

tise gymnastics.

FJIABAi /., pl.TjiaBhi head

Fjiaea flejierarmn. The head of the

delegation. FjiaBa npaonxejibcxBa.

The head of the government.

<> CxoflTb BO rjiaBG qer6-JiH5o.

To be at the head of something.

FJIABA^ /., pi. rjiaem chapter

riepBan rjiasa. The first chapter.

FJIABHlblfl, -aa, -oe, -bie principal,

chief, main

FjiaBHLiH Bonpoc. The principal

question. FjiaBHUH peânxop. Edi-

tor-in-Chief. FjiaBHbiH Bpa^. Head

physician.

rJIAIAHTb, -my, -ffHmb, -flax imp./

p. norjialAHXb,-JKy,

-^nmb, -flax1. Hxo? HGM? to iron, to press.

FjiaAHXb pySaraKy yxioroM. To

iron a shirt.

2. Koro? Hxo? no q e m y? to

stroke. Fjia^nxL pe6eHKa no ro-

jione. To stroke the child's head.

^JIA;^K|Hfl, -aa, -oe, -ne smooth



rjiA 26 roji

FjiaflKan noBepxHocxb. A smooth

surface.

rJIA3 m., prepos. o rjiase & b rjiaay;

pi. rjiaaa, rjiaa eye

BojibniHe rjiaaa. Big eyes.

*> 3to cjiyHHJiocb IIa Hamex rjia-

3ax. // happened before our eyes.

IlycTHTb DbiJib B rjiaaa. To cut a

dash. ToBopHTb npaB^y b rjiasa.

To speak the truth to one's face.

FoBopHTb c rjiaay na rjiaa. Totalk confidentially. Hath Kyfla rjia-

3a rjiflflflT. To follow one's nose.

CAejiaxb 6ojibinHe rjiaaa. To makebig eyes.

rJiyBHHA /. depthHa rjiy6HHe cxa MexpoB. At a depth

of one hundred metres. DlaxTa rjiy-

6hh6h b TpMCTa MexpoB. A pit

three hundred metres deep.

<> B rjiySHHe caâ. In the heart

of the garden.

rJIYBOK Hfl, -an, -oe, -iie, short form

rjiySoK, rjiy6oK|a, -6, -n; adv. rjiy-

6ok6; comp. rjiydjKe

1. deep. TjiySoKafl pOKa. A deep

river.

2. fig. profound. rjiy66KHri yM.

Profound intellect. FjiydoKoe nyB-

CTBO. Deep feeling,

rjiyniblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short formrjiyn, rjiyiia, rjiyn|o, -w; adv. rjiy-

no stupid, foolish

FjiynwH nejiOBeK. A stupid man.Fjiynafl Mbicjib. A foolish idea. OhnocTy.niiji rjiyno. He acted foolishly.

rJiyX|Ofl, -aH, -oe, -iie, short form

rjiyx, rjiyxa, rjiyx|o, -n; adv. rjiyxo1. deaf. FjiyxoH nejioBeK. A deaf

person

2. fig. out-of-the-way. Fjiyxon

Kpaii, An out-of-the-way region.

FJIHIÊTB, -my, -A mb, -aht imp.

Ha Koro? Ha ^to? bo ht 6?/

p. norjiHlAexb, -jKy, -Aiinib, -^ht

to look

IIorjiHAM Ha Hero Look at him

FjiflAeiL B OKHo. To look out of the

window.FHET m., no pi. yoke, oppression

HaxoAHTbCH HOA rnexoM sanoeBaxe-

JieH. To be under the yoke of the

conquerers

FOBOliflTb, -K), -HHib, -Hx imp.

H X 0? O K 6 M? O H e M? K M y?C KCM?

1. p. CKaaaxb, cKaHcy, CKaacemb,

CKa?Kyx K M y? to speak, to tell,

to say. fl CKaaaJi oxny npaBAy. /

told the truth to my father. HroBopHji oxny 06 axoM. / told

Father about it. FoBoptixe rpoM-

ê. Speak louder. CKaJKHxe He-

CKOJibKO cjioB MockBe. Say a

few words about Moscow.

2. p. noroBopMXb or has no p. as-

pect c K e M? to speak, to talk

(1) H roBopio c ApyroM o er6

cecxpe. / am speaking with

my friend about his sister.

H noroBopHJi c oxhom na

3xy xeMy. / had a talk withFather on that subject.

(2) H roBopio no-pyccKH. / speak

Russian. Oh He roBopHx no-

ânrJiMHCKH. He doesn't speak

English.

FO3 m., prepos. b roAy & roA©;

pi. roAM & roAa

1. year. yqeSnuH roA. School

year, academic year, fl poAHJiCfl

B 1941 roAy. I was born in 1941.

2. gen. pi. jiex year. Ckojibko BaMJiex? How old are you? Mne 20

Jiex. / am 20 years old. Mue 23

roAa. / am 23 years old. Ilpo-

niJio 4 roAa (5 Jiex). 4 (5) years

passed.

<> C HoBbiM roAOAiI A Happy NewYear

FOJIOBA /., ace. roJiOBy; pi. roJiOBU,

rojiOB, roJiOBaM, etc. head

y MGHH 60JIHX roJiOBa. / have a

headache.<> CseTjiafl rojiOBa. A bright head.

nycxaa rojiOBa. An empty head.

noBecHTb rojiOBy. To hang one's

head. noxepflTb rojioBV. To lose

one's head. Mne npnmjia b roJiOBy

MbicJib. An idea occurred to me.

Mne npHinjio b rojiOBy. It occurred

to me.

rOJIOJi; m., no pi. hunger

IIoHyBCXBOBaxb roJioA- To feel hun-

gry. YMepexb c roJioAy. To die ofhunger.

rOJl03H|blfl, -an, -oe,^ -tie, short

form roJioAen, roJiOAHa, r6JiOAH|o,

-u

1. hungry. Fojioahmm neJioBeK. Ahungry person, fl roJiOAen. / amhungry.



roji 27 rop

2. only complete form starving.

roJioflHafl CMepxL. Starvation.

rOJIOC m., pL -a

1. voice, Hm3khh rojioc. A low

voice. Bhcokhh roJioc. A high

voice. JlnniHTLCfl roJioca. To lose

one's voice.

2. vote. ToJioc naSupaTejiH. Thevote of an elector.

rOJIOCIOBATb, -yio, -yemt, -yrox

imp. 3a Koro? 3a hto? npo-THB Kord? npoTHB Hero?/

p. nporojioc|oBaTi>, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

to vote

roJiocoBaxb 3a KaHAHJâTa b fleny-TaThi. To vote for a candidate.

FoJiocoBaxB npoxHB pesoJiroi^HH. Tovote against a resolution.

rOJiyB|Ofl, -an, -6e, -Lie light-blue

ToJiySoe He6o. A light-blue sky.

ToJiy6ue rjiaaa. Blue eyes.

rOJiyB|B m., gen. pi. -en dove, pigeon

JlexHX roJiySn. The doves are fly-

ing.

rOJIILIfl, -an, -oe, -ue naked, bare

FoJiaa cniina. A naked back. FoJiBie

;i;epeBbH. Bare trees.

rOPA /., ace. ropy; pi. ropti, rop,

ropaw, etc. mountain, hill

BbicoKaH ropa. A high mountain.

JKhxb b ropax. To live in the moun-

tains. Ha ropax JieJKHx cuer. There

is snow on the mountains. TypncxuBsoniJiH na ropy. The tourists

climbed the mountain.

<0*

He 3a ropaMH.Close at

hand,not far away.

rOPA3^0 adv. much, far

Fopaaflo Jiynrae. Far better. Fopaa-

AO Sucxpee. Much faster. Fopa.iflo

yMHee. Much cleverer. FopasAO mchb-

me. Much smaller / less

ÔPI/^flTbCH, -mych, -AHmtCH, -ahx-

CH imp. KCM? »ieM? to be proud

FopAHXBCfl ycnexaMH. To be proud

of one's success. FopziHXbCH poAH-

HOH. To be proud of one's coun-try.

rOPÎBlB, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formropA, ropAa, ropAO, ropah; adv.

ropAO proud

FopAUH HeJioBeK. A proud person.

FopAan ASBymKa. A proud girl.

FopAMH BHA. A proud air.

rOPE neut., no pi. misfortune

y Hero 6oJibm6e rope. A great mis-

fortune befell him.

rOP|ETB, -K), -limb, -hx imp.

1. p. croplexb, -10, -nrab, -hx to

burn. FopHX cBeâ. A candle

burns. FopHX ApoBa. Firewood

burns. Fopnx aom. The house is

on fire.

2. no p. to burn. B KOMuaxe ropnx

CBex. There is a light in the room.

3. fig. to shine, to sparkle. Fjiaea

y Hero ropax ox paAOCXH. His

eyes are shining with joy.

rOPJIO neut. throat

y MeHfl 60JIHX ropJio. / have a sore

throat.

rOPHIBlH, -an, -oe, -He

1. mountain. FopuHe BepmiiHti.

Mountain tops.

2. mining. Fopnan npoMbimjien-

Hocxb. The mining industry.

FopHbiH HHCXHxyx. A mining

institute.

rOPOJi; m., pi. -a city, town

KpyuHbiH npoMbimJioHHbiH ropoA-A large industrial city. B ropoAe

MHoro caAOB. There are many gar-

dens in the city.

<> noexaxb 3a ropoA. To go to the

country.

rOPOACK|On, -an, -oe, -lie city, town

FopOACKOH xpaHcnopx. City trans-

port. FopoACKoH caA- A city park.

rOPbK|Hfl, -an, -oe,^ -ne, short form

ropeK, ropbKa, ropbKlo, -n; adv.

ropbKO1. bitter. FopbKoe JioKapcxBo. A

bitter medicine.

2. fig. bitter. FopbKan npaBAa.

The bitter truth. FopbKHe CJieau.

Bitter tears. FopbKO nJiaKaxb.

To weep bitterly.

rOPJlHlHfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form

ropHH, -a, -6, -k; adv. ropnio

1. hot. FopaHHH cyn. Hot soup.

2. fig. ardent. Fopanafl JiioGoBb.

Ardent love. Fopri^HH npHBex.Warm greetings. FopHHo cno-

pHXb. To have a heated argu-

ment.

3. fig. hot. FopHHHH xapaKxep. Ahot temper.

4. fig.: Fopaêe BpoMH. A busy

time.



roc 28 rPA

rOCnOJ^fln m., pi. rocnoAa, rocno^,

rocnoAHM, etc. gentleman; used in

addressing people Mr. rocnoflHH

yoTcon Mr. Watson

rOCTEnPHnMHIbin, -an, -oe, -bib

hospitable

rocTenpiiHMHbiH X03HHH. A hospi-

table host. FocTenpHPiMHafl cipana.

A hospitable country.

rOCTflHHqA /. hotel

Mbl OCTaHOBHJIHCb B TOCTITHHae.

We put up at an hotel, HonaH ro-

CTiiHiina. A new hotel.

rOCT|b m., gen. pi. -6h guest,

visitorJKeJiaHHMH rocTb. A welcome guest.

MHocTpaHHbie focth. Foreign visitors.

<^ Hmii B rocTH. To go on a

visit. EbiTb B rocTflx. To be on a

visit.

rOCyAAPCTREHHIMfl, -afl, -oe, -He

state

FocyflapcTBeHHWH cxpon. A state

system. rccyflapcTBeHHbie rpanui^bi.

State frontiers. FocyAapcTBeHHaa

ncjiHTHKa. A state policy. Moc-KOBCKHH rocyaapCTBeHHbiH yHHBep-

CHieT. Moscow State Univer-

sity.

rOCy^,^VCTBO neut. state; country

B 3T0M rocyAapcTBe jkhbct 15 mmji-

jiHOHOB HCJioeeK. The population

of this country is 15 million.

rOTOlBHTb, -BJiK), -BHrab, -bht imp.

K o r 6? H T 0?

1. p. npHrOTOlBHTb, -BJIK), -BHUlb,

-BHT to prepare. FoTOBHTbypoK. To do a lesson. Fotobhtb

o6eA- To cook dinner.

2. p. nOAPOTOlBHTb, -BJIK), -BHIEb,

-BHT to prepare. FoxosHTb cne-

miaJiHCTOB. To train specialists.

FoTOBHTb ynenHKOB k OKaaMeny.

To prepare pupils for an exami-

nation.

rOTOlBHTbCH, -BJirocb, -BiinibCH,

-BATCH imp. K HeMy? & + inf. /

p. OpHFOTOlBHTbCH, -BJIWCb, -BHUIb-CH, -BATCH lo prepare, to get ready

CTyACHT rOTOBHTCA K 9K3^MeHy.

The student is preparing for an

examination. CnopTCMGH npnroTO-

BHJICA npbjrHyTb b BOAy. Thesportsman got ready to jump into

the water.

rOTOBjblfl, -aA, -08, -He, short formroTOB, -a, -o, -u K HCMy? HaHTo? & -\-inf.

1. ready. yqeHHK totob k skb^mc-

Hy. The pupil is ready for his

examination.

2. ready. Oh Bcerâ totob noMd^tTOBapnmy. He is always ready to

help a friend. FoTOBbiH na nofl-

BHF. Ready to perform a feat.

3. ready. 06eA totob. Dinner is

ready.

<> roTOBoe njiaTbe. A ready-made

dress.

rPA^yC m.

1. degree. TepMOMeTp noKasHBaexHHTb rpaAycoB HH>Ke Hyjifi (bh-

me nyJiH). The thermometer

shows five degrees below zero

(flbove zero).

2. degree. Yroji b 45 rpaAycoB.

An angle of 45 degrees.

rPA5KAAHflH m., pi. rpmAane,rpajKAan

1. citizen. FpaWAaHiiH GoBCTCKoro

CoK)3a. A citizen of the Soviet

Union.

2. used in addressing people Sir.

FpaJKAaHHH, CKa>KnTe, nojKaJiyn-

CTa, FAe HaxoAHTCH TeaTp? Sir,

will you kindly tell me where the

theatre is?

rPA5KAAHCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne civil,

civic

rpaJKA^HCKHH ji,0Jir. One's civic

duty.

^ FpaHCAaHCKaH soHHa. A civilwar.

rPAMM m. grammeCeMbcoT rpaMMOB c^xapa. Seven

hundred grammes of sugar.

rPAMMATMKA /. grammarFpaMMaTHKa pyccKoro ASHKa. ARussian grammar.

rPAMOTHIbin, -aA, -oe, -ne, short

form rpaMOTen, rpaM0TH|a, -o, -h;

adv. rpaMOTHO literate

FpaMOTHHH HCJioBeK. A literate

person. IlHcaTb rpaMOTHO. To write

literately.

rPAHflIi;A /. frontier; boundary

FocyAapcTBeHHaA rpaHHi?a. A state

frontier.

<> HCaxb 3a rpaHBHeii. To live

abroad. Yexaxb 3a rpannqy



rPE 29 rPH

To go abroad, npnexaxb B3-3a rpa-

HBUbi. To come from abroad.

rPElMtelb, -MjiK), -Miimb, -MHT imp. to

thunder

FpeMHT rpoM. It thunders.

rPElTb, -K), -erab, -k)t imp. qxo? /

p. corpelxb, -K), -emb, -k)t

1. to give out warmth. Ocenbio

cojiHne CBeTHT, ho mejio rpeex.

In autumn the sun is bright but

not very warm.

2. to be warm. ITajibTo xopomo

rpeex. The overcoat is very

warm.

3. to warm. Tpexb pyKH na^ or-

HCM. To warm one's hands over

the fire.

4. p. iiarpelTb, -lo, -emb, -iot to

warm. Harpeib boAy Ao 40 rpa-

AycoB. To warm the water to

40 degrees.

rPHB m., gen. -a mushroom

Ha6paTb mboto rpaGoB. To gather

a lot of mushrooms. BeJibiH rpnG.

An edible boletus.

rPHim m, influenza

Bojiexb rpHonoM. To be ill with

the 'flu. y Hero xaJKejiaa $6pMa

rpHHoa. He has a bad attack of

the 'flu. OcjiojKHeHHH nocjie rpHH-

na. Complications after the 'flu.

rP03A /., pi. rpoBM thunderstorm

HaqaJiacb rpoaa. A thunderstorm

broke out. JlexoM âcxo SuBaiox

rp63bi. Thunderstorms often occur

in summer.

rPOM m.

1. thunder. 3arpeMeJi rpoM. It

started thundering.

2. fig. storm. TpoM anjioAiicMen-

xoB. A storm of applause.

^POMAJ^H|bln, -an, -oe, -we, short

form rpoMaAen, rpoMaAHla, -o, -w

huge, enormous

PpoMaAHbiH AOM. A huge house. Fpo-

MaAHUH ycnex. An enormous suc-

cess.

rPOMKlHfl, -aH, -oe. -ne, short form

rpOMOK, rpoMKa, rpoMKlo, -h; adv.

rpOMKo; comp. rpoMHe loud

FpoMKHH 3ByK. A loud sound.

FpoMKHH rojioc. A loud voice. FpoM-

KHH CMex. A loud laughter. Pasro-

BapHBaxb rpOMKO. To speak loudly.

XP^''B|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form

rpy6, rpy6a, rpy6|o, -w; adv. rpy6o

1. coarse. Fpy6afl mepcxb. Coarse

wool.

2. rude. FpySwfi qojiOBeK. A rude

person. FpySoe oxHomeHHe. Arude attitude. FpyCo oxBexHXb.

To reply rudely. Oh oêHb rpy6

c TOBapHmaMii. He is very rude

to his friends.

3. gross. FpySaa omiiSKa. A gross

mistake.

FPy/^b /., prepos. na rpyAH chest;

breast

•C> KopMHTb peSeiiKa rpyAbio. To

nurse (suckle) a child.

FPySOBHK m., gen. -a lorryK AOMy noAêxaJi rpysoBMK. A lor-

ry drove up to the house.

FpynnA /. group

B nameH xypiicxcKOH rpynne ceMb

HeJiOBeK. There are seven people in

our tourist group. Fpynna Aeey-

meK. A group of girls.

FPyiCTHTb, -my, -cxiimb, -cxhx imp.-

o K 6 M? o H e M? no k o m y?

no H e M y? to miss, to be sad

FpycxHXb o xoeapnme. To miss a

friend. Fpycxiixb o ceMbe. To miss

one's family.

FPyCTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form

rpycxen, rpycxna, rpycxH|o, -w;

adv. rpycxHO sad

FpycxHwii qeJiOhCK. A melancholy

man. FpycxHoe jihho. A sad face.

FpycxHan necHH. A sad song. MnerpycxHO. / feel sad.

FP^^rilA /.1. pear. Kynwxb HecKOJibKO rpym.

To buy some pears.

2. pear-tree. B HameM caAy pacxyx

rpymii. There are pear-trees in

our orchard.

rP)l3H|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form

rpH3eH, rpHBHa, rpH3H|o, -w; adv.

rpfl3H0

1. muddy. FpHsnaa yjinna. A mud-

dy street.

2. lit. & fig. dirty. FpH3HaH py-6araKa. A dirty shirt. FpasHafl

pa66xa. Dirty work. Fpa3HWH

nocxynoK. A dirty deed. Oh na-

nncaji rpriano. He wrote care-

lessly.

FPHSb /., prepos. b rpH3H & 6 rpn-

3H, no pi.



rvB 30 ABH

1. mud. Ha yjinixe rpH3B. It's

muddy in the street.

2. dirt. rpH3b Ha BopoTHHKe. Dirt

on a collar.

ryBA /., pi. ry6hi, ry6, rySaM, etc.

KpacHTb ry6fci. To make up one's

lips.

ryJl^lTh, -K), -erab, -lOT imp. /p. no-

ryjifllTb, -K), -enib, -k)t to walk

FyjiflTb c peSeHKOM. To go for a

walk with a child. FyjiflTb b Jiecy.

To walk in the forest.

ryCT|On, -aa, -6e, -ue, short form

rycT, rycia, rycxjo, -h; adv. rycio;

comp. ryme1. thick, dense. FycTwe bojiocbi.

Thick hair. FyCTOil Jiec. A thick

forest. J]|epeBbH pacxyx rycxo.

The trees grow thick.

2. thick. FycxoH Me^. Thick hon-

ey. Fycxaa CMexana. Thick sour

cream.

3. dense. Fycxoii xyMan. A dense

f^S' FycxoH AWM. Thick

smoke.

ryC|b m., gen. pi. -en goose

HiapeHHH rycb. A roast goose.

Snecb MHoro rycefl. There are manygeese here.

A, fl

JÂ particle

1. yes. 3x0 xbi? — J^tx, axo a. /s

that you? Fes, it's me.

2. translated by the Im.peratiue.

]J,a 3ApaBcxByex Mnp na seMjie

Long live peace on Earth/

JÂ|BATb, -K), -enib, -lox imp. Koro?H T o? K M y? ^ e M y? / /?. Aaxb,

AaM, Aanib, âcx, ahahm, AÂwxe,

AaAyT, past Aaji, -a, -o, -h to give

âxb KHwry xoBapnmy. To give a

book to a friend.

<> Jl&Tb corjiacHe Ha ^to-jihSo.

To give one's consent to something.

JâXb B03MOH<HOCTb KOMy-JIH6oCAejiaxb qTO-JiHSo. To enable some-

body to do something.

AABJIEHHE neut.

1. pressure, AxMOc$epHoe a^bji^-

HHe. Atmospheric pressure. YHerd BucoKoe AaBJienne KpoBH.

He has a high blood pressure.

2. fig. pressure. OKaaaxb AaBJieHne

Ha HCJioBeKa. To exert pressure

on a person.

AABHO adv.

1. long ago. 3x0 6hjio AaBHO. It

was a long time ago.

2. for a long time, fl AaBHo ne bh-

ACJi CBoero APyra. / haven't seen

my friend for a long time.

JÂ.5KE particle even

Oh Aa>Ke He saxoxeJi o6eAaxb. Hewould not even have dinner.

;ÂJIEE adv. further

II xaK AaJiee (h x. a). And so on

(etc.).

ÂJIEKlHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short formAaJieK, AaJieK|a, -6, -h; adv. AaJieK6;

comp. AaJibme distant

JlâJieKaa cxpana. A distant country.

Exaxif AaJieKO. To go far. BuxbAaJieKO ox AOMa. To be far from

home.

JÂJIbHlHfl, -fin, -ee, -ne

1. distant, remote. /l,ajibHHe pan-

OHLi. Bemote regions.

2. long. âjibHee nyxemecxBHe. Along journey.

3. distant. J\ajihBRe poACXBeHHHKH.

Distant relatives.

JÂJIbmE adv. further, on

Hnxaiixe, nojKajiyiicxa, AaJibme,

Will you read on, please? IIoHAeM

AaJibme. Let's go on.

JÂPflTb, Aapro, Aapnmb, Aapax imp.

K o r 6? H X o? K o M y? »j e m y?/

p. noAapiixb, noAapK), noAapnmb,

noAapax to give (a present)

HoAapiixb xoBapnmy KHiiry. Togive a friend a book (as a present).

JÂTA /. date

BnaivieHaxejibHaa AaTa. A memorable

date.

JlATh see flABATb;^BEP|b /., gen. pi. -m door

GxeKJiflHHaa ABepb. A glass door.

OxKpuxb ABepb. To open the door.

BaKpbixb ABepb. To close the door.

BoHXH B ABepb. To come (go)

through a doorway.;^BflÂ|TbCH, -locb, -erabca, -iotch

or ABHHtembca, ABDJKyxca imp./

p. ABiiHlyxbca, -ycb, -embca, -yxcfl

to movendesA ABUHtexca co cKopocxbio 50

KHJiOMexpoB B qac. The train is

moving at a speed of 50 kilometres



ffBH 31 AEJI

an hour. J^BnTaThcB Bnepe/i;. To

move ahead. He ABHranxecbJ Don't

move

J^BrnK^miE neut.

1. movemeDt. J]^BmKeHHe njianeT

BOKpyr CoJiHEta. The movement

of planets round the Sun.

2. traffic. JXEummne Tpancnopxa.

Traffic. PacnHcanne ziBHjKeHHH

noe3;i;6B. A railway time-table.

3. movement. Hai\HOHajibHO-ocBo-

SoflHTejiBHoe ABHJKeHHe. The na-

tional liberation movement. Pa66-

nee jiBiimeniie. The working-class

movement. ^BHHteHHe cxopoHHii-

KOB MHpa. The peace movement.ABflHyXbCH see ABflFATbCH^BOE num. two

^Boe Mymnuu. Two men. JJ^Jide cy-

TOK. Two days.

J^BOP m., gen. -a

1. courtyard. MamMHa BT,exaJia bo

fl;B6p. The motor-car drove into

the yard.

2. outside. Ha ABope xojioaho. //

is cold outside.

/^BOP|E^ m., gen. -iâ palaceKopoJieBCKHH ABopei;. King's

palace.

<> J^Bopea KyjibTypw. A palace of

culture. J^BOpe^ cnopxa. A sports

palace.

J^£BOHIKA /., gen. pi. -ck (little)

girl

MajieHbKan AGBOHKa. A small girl.

aEBYiniKA /., gen. pi. -ck girl

KpacMBan AesyiUKa. A beautiful

girl.

JlflJ5,ym\KA m., gen. pi. -ck grand-

father

MoH ABAyniKa JKHBex b AcpeBne.

My grandfather lives in the country.

Jl,E7KSVH\blVL, -afl, -oe, -we

1. duty. fle>KypHHB[ Bpan. Dutydoctor. Jêmypuafi anxeKa. Duty

chemist's. êHtypntiH Marasiin.

A duty shop.

2. n. a person on duty. Kxo ce-

roAHH AeJKypHMH? Who is onduty today? JJêTKyiûuu no o6-

mieJKHXHK). The man on duty at

the hostel.

flEflCTBHE neut.

1. action. fl,eHcxBHe khcjioxm na

XKaHb. The action of an acid on

material.

2. action. 3xh flencxBHH npHBCJiH

K xoMy, Hxo... These actions led

to...

3. action. êncxBne npoHCxoAHX b

ropoAe H. b XIX Bene. Theaction takes place in the town of

N. in the 19th century.

4. act. B Dbece 4 AeucxBaa. There

are 4 acts in the play.

AEflCTBHTEJIbHO1. adv. really. Oh AeHcxBHxejibno

3X0 BHaex. He really knows that.

2. paren. word indeed, â, ach-

cxBnxeJibHo, axo HyjKHo. Yes,

that's necessary indeed.

AEflCTBflTEJIBHOCTb /., no pi.

reality

OGXjeKXHBHafl AeHCXBMXeJIbHOCXb.

Objective reality. jI,eHCXBHxejibHOCXb

Hamiix AHCH. The reality of our

time.

<> B AeHCTBHTeJibHOCTH. In reality.

^.EflCTBlOBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox

imp.

1. to act. Tenepb naAO aghcxbo-

Baxb. Now we must act.

2. to affect. 3xo na mchh ne ach-cxByex, It doesn't affect me.

JÊKABI |b m., gen. -h December

B AGKaSpe HaHnnaexcH 3HMa. Win-

ter begins in December. CeroAHH

xpexbe AGKaSpn. Today is the third

of December. Oh npncAex BocbMoro

ACKaSpa. He will arrive on the

eighth of December.

JIEKAH m. dean

JI,eKaH ^HJioJioFMHecKoro $aKyjib-

xexa yHHBepcHxexa. The Dean ofthe Philological Department of the

University.

/ÊKJIAPA^HH /. declaration

/êKJiapaHHH cxopohhhkob Mirpa.

A declaration of the peace-support-

ers.

ÊJIAlTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp. h x o? /

p. CAeJia|xb, -K), -emb, -lox

1. to do, Hxo BH AGJiaexe ceroAHH

BenepoM? What are you doing

this evening? Mne H6Hero Ae-jiaxb. I've nothing to do. H hh-

êro ho Ae-'iaiO- ^ ^ ^ doing

nothing.

2. K r 6? H X o? K e M? k a k h m?

to make. êJiaxb Aexajin. To make

parts. 3x0 CASJiaJio ero cnacx-

JIHBHM. That made him happy.



AE.11 32 AEP

3. to do. Marawna fleJiaex 80 kmB qac. The motor-car does 80 kman hour.

<0* Jêjiaxb flOKJiajt. To make a re-

port. Jêjiaxb oiuhGkh. To makemistakes. Jêjiaxb na Myxn cjiona.

Cf. To make a mountain out of a

molehill.

JÊJIEFAT m. delegate

êJierax KOH(J)epeHi;HH. A delegate

to a conference.

JÊJIEÂ^HH /. delegation^

npaBi'iTejibCTBeHHafl /êjierauHH, Agovernment delegation. CnopTiTBuafl

fleJierauHfl. A sports delegation.

ÊJIflTb, AGJiK), AeJiiimb, jxeJim imp.

Koro? HT 0? / p. paalAeJiHTb,

-jifiJiK), -fleJiHinb, -AeJiHT to divide

PasflejiiiTb crpaHHuy na ^,Be nacxH.

To divide a page into two parts.

PaaêJifixb 10 na 2. To divide 10

by 2.

J^fiJIO neut., pi. flejia, êji, êJiaM,

etc, business

y Mena k BaM fleJio. I've got busi-

ness to discuss with you.<0' BaHCHoe AeJio. An important

business. KaK jie.ia? How are you

getting along? On noineji no Ae-

jiaM. He went out on business. 3xo

He Kaiue êjio. It's not your busi-

ness. B qcM AGJio? What's the mat-

ter? Cêjiaxb qx6-HH6ynb Men^^y

AejioM. To do something at odd

moments.

ÊMOKPATflqECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne

democraticêwoKpaxriqecKHH cxpoii. A demo-

cratic system. /êMOKpaxHêcKaH

pecnySjiHKa. A democratic repub-

lic.

JÊMOKPATHH /.democracy

IlojiHaH AeMOKpaxHH. Complete de-

mocracy.

;ÊMOHCTPA^Ha /.

1. demonstration. JIêMoecxpanHH

cocxoiixcfl na oJioniaAH. The dem-

onstration will take place in

the square.

2. showing, presentation, ^gmoh-

cxpauHH HOBoro ^'AJihMR. The

showing of a new film.

JÊHb m., gen. ahh day

B nanajie ahh. In the morning. BcepeAwne ^hh. At midday. Bo bxo-

poH noJioBHHe AHH. In the after-

noon. B xBMeHHe AHH. During the

day.^ Hepea 2 ahh. In 2 days. 2 ahhHaaaA. 2 days ago. Ha CJieAyiomnHAeHb. Next day.

^ Bbixojiiiou ACHb. A day off.4eHb iiesaBHCHMOcTii. IndependenceDay. J\QH\i poHCAeniiH. Birthday.

Oh npneAex na auhx. He will comeone of these days. XoAHXb KVAa--jih6o qepea Aenb. To go somewhereevery other day.

ÊHbFH pL, no sing., gen. A^nermoneyJloJiyâxb AeHbrH. To receive mon-ey.

JliEnyTAT m. deputy

ênyxax napjiaMenxa. A member ofparliament. Hajiara AenyxaxoB. Tlie

Chaifiber of Deputies.

JÊPEBHfl /., gen. pi. AepeBGHb

1. village. êpeBHH cxo/ijia na 6e-

pery peKti. The village was on

the bank of the river.

2. country(side). Hîixb b AepeBne.

To live in the country.

JÊPEBO neut., pi. AepeebH. A^peBbeB

1. tree. BticoKoe A^peBO. A tall

tree.

2. only sing. wood. HmHK H3 a©-

peea. A wooden box.

AEPEBHUHlbin, -aH, oe, -ue

woodenJ]êpeBHHHHH AOM. A wooden house.

JÊP>KATb, Aepwy, Aep>KHfflb, Aep-

>Kax imp. Koro? q x o? to hold

/IjepjKaxb nopT(|)eJib. To hold a bag.Jlêpwaxb pe6eHKa na pyKax. To

hold a child in one's arms. Jêp-

>Kaxb pe5eHKa aa pyKy. To hold

a child by the hand.

<0> JêpjKaxb ce6n b pynax. To

control oneself

p. cAep>Kaxb, CAep>Ky, CAepjKHmb,

CAep?Kax. CAepwaxb cjiobo. To keep

one's word.

J[ÊP5KATbCfl, Aepwycb, Aep>KHrabCH,

Aep>KaxcH imp. a a h x 6?

1. to hold on. JljepjKaxbCH a^ py-

Ky. To clutch at somebody's

hand. /êpmaxbCH aa nepnjia. To

hold on to the handrail.

2. to behave. /l|ep>KaxbCH xpa6po.

To behave in a courageous man-

ner.



JXET 33 AO

JÊTAJIb /. part

/êxajib MamHHH. A part of a ma-

chine.

ÊTH pi., gen. flexeH, dat. abthm,instr. jiêThUH, prepos. o asthx;

sing. pe6eH0K children

KHHrH AJi« flexen. Books for chil-

dren, y Hero ABoe Aexen. i/e has

two children. Omti h flexH. Fathers

and sons.

;I^£TCK|HB[, -aa, -oe, -ne child's,

children's

êxcKoe JiHii;6. A child's face.

êxcKHH xeaxp, A children's the-

atre.

«0 JêTCKHit caa. A kindergarten.

JtETCTBO neut., no pi. childhood

B Aexcxse oh >khji b êpeBHe. Helived in the country in his child-

hood.

ÊHIEBIHfl, -aH, -oe, -Lie, short form

AemeB, Aemesa, A6nieB|o, -li; adv.

êmeBo; comp. êmeBJie cheap

êmeBHe BeniiH. Cheap things. Ky-

ni'ixb oBoniiH AenieBO, To buy vege-

tables cheap.aEHTEJIbHOCTb /. activity

OCmecxBeHHaa fleaxeJibHocxB. So-

cial activity.

AHAMETP m. diameter

/]|HaMexp Kpyra. The diameter of

a circle.

3HBAH m. divan

GnflexB Ha AHBane. To sit on a di-

van. MarKHH AHBaH. A soft divan.

JleHb Ha AHBaH. To lie down on a

divan.^flKlHH, -an, -oe, -ne

1. wild. JlÛKTlQ JKHBOXHHe. Wild

animals. JXiiKiiQ pacxeHHH. Wild

plants.

2. fig. wild. JJ^HKHH KpnK. A wild

cry.

3iHKTAT5^PA /. dictatorship

jyHUMM m. diploma

HoJiy^HTb AHHJIOM HHHteHGpa. To

receive an engineer's diploma.

JpinJIOMATflÊCKlHfl, -an, oe, -nediplomatic

ycxaHOBHXb AHHJioMaxiiHecKHe oxho-

raeHHH. To establish diplomatic re-

lations. ^HHJiOMaxpiiecKHe oxHorae-

HHfl ueTKjiy cxpanaMH. Diplomatic

relations between countries.

JUHPEKTOP m., pi. -a director

/^HpeKXop BaBOAa. The director of

3—4002

a plant. J3;HpeKxop okojih. Thedirector of a school, head-master.

J\l[?limEP m. conductor (of an or-

chestra)

OTCIl.HnJIflHA /., no pi. discipline

Co6JiK)Aaxb AHcn.HnJiHHy. To observe

discipline. J]|Hcn;HnjiHHa na ypoKe.

The discipline at the lesson.

3JIHHA /., no pi. length

Mepa AJiHHBi. A measure of length.

HSMepHXb A-ntHHy KOMHaXH. Tomeasure the length of a room. Vjih-

Ha AJiHHOK) B 3 KHJiOMexpa. A street

3 kilometres long. IIpbiJKKii b aJIH-

ny. Long jumping.J^JlflHHjblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form

AJiHHeH, A-JiHHHa, A-'iHHHO, jimmnhi

1. long. ^JiMiHHoe naJibxo. A long

overcoat.

2. long. JlJinuRum nyxb. A long

way.

3. only short form AJTiTHeH, ji,JiiiBii\a,

-6, -bi too long. Ilajibxo aJihhho.

The overcoat is too long.

JlJlfl prep. -\- gen.

1. for. yê6HHKH A-JiH cxyAenxoB.Textbooks for students. Kyniixb

HrpymKH jx,:iii A^xefi. To buy

toys for children.

2. to. ^JiH Hero axo xHHteJibm yAap.

It's a heavy blow to him.

J^HEBHHK m., gen. -a diary

BecxH AHCBHHK. To keep a diary,

^HEBHIOH, -an, -oe, -we

1. daytime. J^HCBHtie saHHXHH. Day-

time lessons.

• 2. day, ^hcbhoh cbcx. Daylight.^HEM adv. in the daytime

^hcm HtapKO. It's hot in the day-

time.

J^HO neut., no pi. bottom

JJ^RO pcKH. The bottom of a river.

MopcKoe AHO. Sea bottom. Hatii ko

Any. To sink to the bottom.

JIO prep. -{-gen.

1. to. Ox MocKBbi AO KneBa. From

Moscow to Kiev. Jlôexaxb ao

nenxpa. To go to the centre, ôh-XH AO ABepH. To reach the door.

2. till. Ox 2 AO 5. From 2 till 5.

C yxpa AO Beêpa. From morn-

ing till evening.

3. to. Bopb6a AO noGeAM. A fight

to the victorious end. ÔHHxaTB

KHHry AO KOHua. To read the

hook to the end.



aoB 34 Aor

<> HCnsHb flo BOUHfaJ. Life before

the war.

JÔBABHTb see ÔBABJlHXb

^ÔBABJlHlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.

qxo? Hero?//?. Ao6a|BHTb, -bjik),

-BHinb, -BHT

1. to add. ôGaBHTb cojih b cyn.

To add salt to the soup.

2, to add. ^l|o6aBHTb iiecKOJibKo

cjiob. To add a few words.

Jl,OBHBA|TbCH, -locb, -eiubCH, -iotch,

imp. »i e r 6? / /?. AoSiixbCH, j\o6h\ibch,

-embcH, -i6tch to strive

ôSiiBaTbcn ycnexa. To strive for

success.

JÔBHTbCH see ÔBHBATbCHÔBP|blH, -an, -oe, -we, short form

Ao6p, Ao6pa, fl66po, Ao6pLi kind

^65pbin HeJioBeK. A kind person.

<> /ôGpbiii JêIIb Good afternoon

466poe yxpo Good morning Jliomi

AoSpoii BOJiii. People of good will.

By^bxe jtoSpw. Be so kind. C;;e-

jiaTb mt6-jih6o no ji,66pon bojig.

Todo something out

ofgood will.

ÔBblBAlTb, -K), -enib, -iot imp.

mo?/p. AoSbiTb, ;;o6y;i|y, -eiub,

-yT to extract

4o6LiBaTb yroJib. To mine coal.

ÔBb'ITb see AOBblBATbÔBEPHE neut., no pi. confidence, trust

OnpaB;i;aTb ÔBepne, To justify

somebody's confidence. 3acJiyjKHTb

aoBepiie. To prove to be worthy of

one's trust.

ÔBEPHTb see /ÔBEPHXbÔBEPHlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. h to?

K M y? / p. AOBeplHTb, -K), -HHlb, -HT

1. no p. to trust. ôBcpaxb /i;py-

ry. To trust a friend.

2. to entrust. ôBepHTb apyryTaHHy. To take a friend into

one's confidence.

aOBECTfl see JÔBOAflTbJÔBOJ^flTb, AOBOJKy, AOBOAHuib, ô-

BO^HT imp. K o r 6? q t o? /j; o

Hero? fp. AOBecTiT, jxoBejxIy, -emb,-yT, past AOBeji, AOBeJija, -6, -h to

lead to (as far as), up to

ÔBecTH KOT6-Bu6yji.h AO KaKoro-

HH6yAi> MecTa. To lead somebody

as far as some place. Jôbocth

MajibHHKa flo cTaHn;HH. To take the

boy to the station.

<0» AoBecTH AeJio a© KOHua. To

complete an undertaking. JôeecTH

Kor6-JiM6o AO c.iea. To make one cry.

ÔBOJIbHO1. adv. rather. Yme AOBOJibno ndaA-

Ho. It's rather late already.

2. predic. impers. (it is) enough.

Yme nosAHo: AOBoJibHo BaM 3a-

HHMaxbCH. It's already late:

you've studied long enough.

ÔBOJIbHIblH, -an, -oe, -bie, short

form AOBOJien, AOBoJibHla, -o, -u

KeM? q CM? contented, pleased

ÔBOJibHbiii BiiA. A contented look.

H jxoBOJiou TBoeii pa66TOH. / am

pleased with your work.

TÔrAÂTbCH see ÔPA ablBATbCHSOPA/jblBAlTbCH. -locb, -embCH,

-K)TCH imp. o HCM?//?. AoraAaJTb-

CH,^-iocb, -embCH, -iotch to guess

Oh AoraAaJicH, o hcm omi roBo-

pi'iJiH, xoTfi OHii roBopiiJiii Tiixo.

He guessed what they were talking

about, though they were talking in

low voices.

,HOrHATb see ÔFOHflTb

JÔrOBAPHBAlTbCfl, -K)Cb, -embCH,

-IOTCH imp. H e M? c KeM? /

p. AOrOBOpllITbCH, -lOCb, -limbCH,

-HTCH to agree, to fix

J],oroBopiiTbCH BCTpene c Tosapn-

meM. To fix a meeting with a

friend. GTpaHbi AoroBopiiJiiicb o

KyjibTypiioM o6MeHO na c.ieAyio-

miiii roA. The countries agreed about

the next year's cultural exchange.

JÔrOBOP m. treaty, agreement

ôroBop Apy>K6e ii BsaiiMHOH no-

Momii. A treaty of friendship and

mutual aid. MnpHbiii AoroBop. Apeace treaty. ToproBuii AoroBop.

A trade agreement. 3aKJiK)HiiTb

MiipHbiH AoroBop. To conclude a

peace treaty. IloAnHcaTb AoroBop

o MPipe. To sign a peace treaty.

AOFOBOPflTbCH see ÔFOBAPH-BATbCH

JÔrOHUlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-to? HTO? /p. AornaTb, AoroHK),

AoroHHmb, aofohht, past AoruaJi,

-rnajia, -raaJilo, -h to overtake^

JôroHHTb y6eraK)mero neJiOBeKa.

To overtake a fugitive.\\ fig. Oh

AOJiro 6oJieJi, ho oh AoroHHT cboio

rpynny. He was ill for a long time

but he will catch up with the group.



AOE 35 Aoivjr

^0E3H{A|TL, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ;; o

Hero? J p. AoexaTb, AoeAly, -emb,

-5^T to reach

ôexaxb 30 MocKBU. To reach Mos-cow. H AoexaJi ot Mockbm ao Jle-

HHHrpaAa sa 8 nacoB. It took me

8 hours to get to Leningrad from

Moscow. 06hhho oh AoeawaJi ao

n,eHTpa Ha aBToCyce, a hotom meji

nemKOM. He usually went to the

centre by bus, and then walked.

AOEXATb see A0E3HCATb;^05KJi;JIHB|blfl, -an, -oe, bie rainy

J\omji,JiuBaifi noroAa. Rainy weath-

er. ÔJKAJIHBMH A^Hb. A rainyday. J\omjimiBoe JieTO. A rainy

summer.

ÔHC^jb m., gen. -fi rain

Hagt jsflyKjih. It rains. IIpoJiHBHoH

A0>KAb. Pouring rain. Jômj^b Jiber

KaK H3 BeApa. It is raining cats and

dogs. MeJiKHH oceHHHii aojka^. Anautumn drizzle. IIoa ao^kagm- i^ the

rain.

JÔflTfl see /ÔXOAHTb

;i;0KA3ATEJlbCTB0 neut. proof, evi-dence

CyAbH TpeSoBaJi AOKaaaTejibcxB. The

judge demanded proof(s).

30KA3ATb see Jl,0KA3blBATbJl,0KA3bIBAlTb, -K), -enib, -k)t imp.

HTO? KOMy?//?. AOKasaib, AOKa-

mf, AOKa>Kenib, AOKa^Kyx to prove

A KaK Bbi AOKajKexe, hto bm npa-

Bbi? And how are you going to prove

that you are right? ÔKaaaxb axo

xpyAHO. It's difficult to prove that.JS,OKJlAjS, m. report

HavHHbiH AOKJiaA- ^ scientific re-

port. HHxepecHHH aokjisIa. An in-

teresting report. CAGJiaxb AOKJiaA-

To make a report. FoxoBHXb AO-

KJiaA. To prepare a report. Toxo-

BHXbCH K AOKJiaAy- To prepare for

a report.

JÔKTOP m., pi. -a

1. doctor. OnbixHbiH AOKXop. An

experienceddoctor.

HaAO nosBaxbAOKXopa. A doctor must be

called. rioHXH K AOKXopy. To go

to a doctor. Bmxb y AOKXopa.

To be at the doctor's.

2. doctor. ÔKXop nayK. A doctor

(of science).

AOKyMEHT m.

1. usu. pi. document. IIoJiyHHTb

AOKyMeHxm. To get the docu-

ments.

2. document. 3xo oneHb BaJKHHH

AOKyMOHx. It is a very impor-tant document. HcxopHHCCKHH ao-KyMenx. An historical document.

JlOJir m.

1. no pi. duty. 3xo moh aojif. It's

my duty. BbinoJiHHXb cboh aojif.

To do one's duty.

2. pi. jioJiTH debt. BsHXb A^HbrHB AOJir. To borrow money. Ot-

Aaxb AOJir. To pay one's debt.

HMexb AOJiFH. To be in debt.

y Hero MHoro AOJiroB. He has alot of debts.

<> R 5biJi B AOJiry oepeA hhm. /

was indebted to him.

JÔJirO adv. for a long time

ôJiro JKAaxb. To wait for a long

time.

AOJIJKEH, AOJiJKHia, -6, -u

1. must. Mbi AOJi?KHBi MHoro pa66-

xaxb. We must work a lot. BoJib-

HaH A0Ji>KHa JiejKaxb b nocxeJin.

The sick woman has to keep toher bed. H aoJUKCH nomri b Ma-

rasiiH. / must go shopping. MhsaBxpa AOJi>KHLi SyAGM Bcxpe-

XHXbCH. We shall hare to meet

tomorrow. Oh AOJiJKen 6bixb 3Aecb

B 2 Haca. He is to be here at

2 o'clock.

2. to owe. Tw MHe aoji^kgh 10 py6-

Jieii. You owe me 10 roubles.

JlfiM m., pi. -a house

IIocxpoHXb AOM. Tobuild

a house.<> JJÔM KyjibTypw. A house of cul-

ture. JJôM OTAbixa. A rest-home.

JIÔMA adv. FAG? at homePaSoxaxb AOMa. To work at home.

R 6yAy AOMa b 6 nacoB Beqepa.

I'll be home at 6 o'clock in the eve-

ning.

AOMAfflHIHfl, -na, -ee, -He

1. home. ÔMamuHH pa66xa. Home-work. ôMamnee aaAauHe. Ahome-task.

JlÔMamuHHxejieÔH.

A private telephone.

2. domestic. JÔMamuHe jKHBOxHbie.

Domestic animals.

JÔMOEt adv. KyAa? homeHaxh aomoh. To walk home. Exaxb

AOMOH. To go home. EocJie pa6dxu

fl o6biHHO HAy AOMOH. After work I

usually go home.



JÔP 36 Apy

aopOrA /.

1. road. ninpoKaH ôpora. A wide

road.

2. way. IIoKaaaTb Aopory. To show

the way.

3. journey. B ôpdre 6mjio seceJio.

It was a merry journey. YcTaTb

c floporn. To be tired after one's

journey.

<> HCeJiesHEfl Aopora. A railway.

Hath CBoefi Aoporon. To go one's

way. Ho Aopore. On the way. Ho

ffopore flOMOH oh Kynaji raaexy. On^the way home he bought a newspa-

per.

JÔPOriOfl, -an, -6e,^ -me, short form

Aopor, Aopora, floporjo, -h; adv.

Aoporo; comp. AopoHte

1. expensive, dear. ôporoH ko-

CTiOM. An expensive suit, /ôpo-

ran Me6ejib. Expensive furniture.

2. dear. Jôporon flpyr. Dear friend.

3. cherished, dear. JJôipoTiie Bocno-

MHHaHHH. Cherished recollections.

JJ,0 CBHAAHHH see CBHAAHHEJÔCKA /., ace. AOCKy; pi. aockh, ao-

coK, AOCKaM, etc.

1. board, ^y66Baa AOCKa. An oak

board.

2. blackboard, nncaxb na AOCKe. To

write on the blackboard. GTepexb

c AOCKH. To clean the blackboard.

<0> KjiaccHafl AOCKa. Blackboard.

lIIaxMaTHafl AOCKa. Chessboard.

JlocKA noqexa. Roll of honour.

ÔCTAjBATb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

HTO? / /?. Aocralxb, -ny, -nerab, -nyx

1. Ao Her6? to reach. ôcxaBaxb

AO noxojiKa. To reach the

ceiling.

2. to get, to take, ôcxasaxb khh-

ry c n6jiKH. To get a book from

the shelf. JlôcxaBaxb nJiaxbe h3

niKaâ. To take a dress out of

the wardrobe.

3. to get. ôcxasaxb 6hji6xm b kh-

HO. To get tickets for the cinema.

ÔCTATOHHO1. adv. enough. PaSoxaxb Aocxa-

TO'THO AOJiro. To work long

enough.

2. predic. impers. (it is) enough,

that will do. Mee HHxaxb AaJib-

nie? — Hex, Aocxaxoino. ''Shall I

go on reading?-' ''No, that'll do.

;ÔCTATb see AOCTABATb

AOCTHPAlTb, -H), -enib, -iot imp.

q e r 6? / />. AOCTHrnjyxb, -y, -enib,

-yx & AocxM^b, AOCXHrnly, -emb,

-yx, past Aocxar, -Jia, -Jio, -jih

1. to reach. AjibHHHHCXbi aocxhfjih

BepmHHbi ropbi. The mountainclimbers reached the top of the

mountain.

2. to achieve, ôcxnraxb 6ojibniHX

ycnexoB. To achieve great success.

JI[ocTumo npeKpacHux peayjibxa-

xoB. To achieve splendid results.

AOCTflrHYTb see ÔCTHPATbÔCTHiixEHHE neut. achievement

ôcxHJKeHHH mhpob6h HayKH. Theachievements of world science.

JJ,OXOJlfiTh, AOXo>Ky, AOxoAHmb, ao-

x6ahx imp. AO Koro? ao ne-

t6?./ p. AOHlxM, -Ay, -Aemb, -AyT,

/?asÂonieji, AoniJi|a, -6, -h to reach,

to go as far as

ÔHxri AO yHHBepcHxexa. To reach

the University. Ox yHHBepcHxexa ao

o6in;e}KHXHH h Aomeji neniK6M. /

walked all the way from the Uni-

versity to the hostel.

Ô^b /., gen., dat., prepos. AOêpn,

ace. AOHb, instr. AOêpbio; pi. p,6-

HepH, AoêpeH, AO'iepaM, AOHepen,

AOHepbMH (AOêpaMH), o AOiepaxdaughter

MJiaAinaH AOHb. The youngest daugh-

ter. CpeAHHfl AO^b. The middle

daughter. Gxapman AOHb. The eld-

est daughter.

^PEBHIHtt, -an, -ee, -ne ancient

jQ^peBHHe Hap6Abi. Ancient peoples.^peBHHH HcxopHfl. Ancient history.

^peBHHC naMHXHHKH apxHTeKxypu.

Ancient monuments of architecture.

J^P05K|ATb, -y, -limb, -ax imp.

1. to quiver. JiHCXbH ApoJKax na

;êpeBe. The leaves are quivering

on the tree.

2. to tremble, to shiver, ^pojâxb

ox xoJioAa. To shiver with cold.

J^pojKaxb ox cxpaxa. To tremble

with Jear.

/^py^ m., pi. Apy3b3, Apyaea friend

GxapwH APyr. An old friend. J\o-

poroH Apyr. A dear friend. JIio-

611MUH Apyr. A very dear friend.

Bepeue Apysbs. Faithful friends.

^ CxapbiM Apyr Jiy^rae hobux

AByx (proverb). An old friend is



flpy 37 EAH

better than two new ones, /^py3bfl

nosHaiOTCH b 6efle (proverb). Cf.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

;^py^|Ofl, -an, -de, -Me

1. different. Tu cxaji ;^pyÎ^M.

yow'i;e become different.

2. other. yBHAHMCH b ^pyroH pas.

We'll meet some other time.

3. used as n. other. Oahh nomjiii

B KHHO, 3pyrHe — b xeaxp. Somewent to the cinema, others to the

theatre.

<> Ha flpyroH ÔHb. The next day.

Jl^vfWBX /., no pi. friendship

BojiLmaH 7i;pyH{6a. A great friend-

ship. ^p3'}K6a HapoAOB (or: MejKfly

Hap6j];aMH). Friendship between

peoples.

3Py5KflTB, ApyJKy, flpyJKHmi,, flpy-

H{aT zm/?. c K e M? c h e m? to be

friends

flpyjKHTB c T0BapHn;aMH no hhcth-

Tyxy. To be friends with one's

fellow-students.

^Py^KHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.

AP5^5KHO

1. friendly, united. /J^pyjKHafl ceMLH.

-4 united family. JKhtb ji;pyH{HO.

To live in friendship.

2. concerted. ^pymnaH pa66Ta.

Team work. PaSdiaTb aPY^kho.

To work as a team.

J^^MAITb, -K), -emt, -lox imp. hto?o K6M?oHeM?&-|- inf./p. no^y-

MajTB, -K), -eraB, -k)t to think

HeM TBI ;;yMaemB? What are you

thinking about? Hto tbi ayMaeniB o6

BTOM? What do you think of thai?

^yMaio, HTO OH roBopHT npaB^y.

/ think he is speaking the truth.

H AyMaio saHHTBCfl cnoproM. / amthinking of taking up sport.

3;yPAK m., gen. -a fool

/^yiTB, -K), -emB, -iot imp.

1. to blow. G MopH Ayer Berep.

A wind is blowing from the sea.

2. impers.: SêcB ^y^T. There is a

draught here.

flyin m. shower

IIpHHflTB j\ym. To take a shower.

flyinA /., ace. Aj'my; pi. jiymu soul

<> Xopomo Ha Ayrae. At ease.

flejiaxb c flymoH. To put one's

heart into something. IIoroBopHTb no

AymaM. To have a heart-to-heart

talk. no^JiaroâpiiTb ot nymH. Tothank from the bottom of one's

heart, flyma 65mecTBa. The life

of the party.

fl'yiUHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. jxyrnno

1. sultry. flymuBiH seêp. A sultry

evening.

2. adv., predic. impers. (to be) suf-

focating. Mne AyniHO. / am suf-

focating.

flbIM m., no pi. smoke

FycTOH AWM. Dense smoke.

<C> Her flhJMa 6e3 ornH (proverb).

There's no smoke without a fire.

flblXAHHE neut., no pi. breathingFjiydoKoe ^fcixaHHe. Deep breathing.

flbllUATb, Awniy, jjûmiiuih, Abimax

imp.

1. to breathe. TjiyCoKO AwinaxB.

To breathe deep. flBimaxB noJi-

HOH rpy^tK). To breathe deep.

THmeJio ABimaTB. To breathe

with difficulty.

2.: BaM Haô AbimaxB cBeJKUM bos-

AyxoM. You must get fresh air.

flUflH m. uncle

E, e

EFO poss. pron., indecl. his

9x0 ero nopx(|)eJib. This is his

brief-case. 3xa KHiTxa ero. This book

is his.

EflA f., no pi. foodBKycHaa eâ. Tasty food.

EflBA1. adv. nearly. Oh e^Ba ycneJi na

ypoK. He was nearly late for his

lesson. Ona e^Ba ne ycnyjia. She

nearly fell asleep.

2. conj. hardly. EflBa oh BbimeJi Ha

yjiHuy, KaK nanajicH aojkab.

Hardly had he gone cut into the

street when it began to rain.

EflflHCTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -Bie onlyEAHHCXBeHHUH CHH. An only son.

EAHHCXBeHHBiH KocxioM. The only

suit.

EflflHCTBO neut. unity

Eahhcxbo BsrJiHAOB. Unity of views.

Eahhcxbo xedpHH h npaKXHKH. The

unity of theory and practice.



EAM 38 5KAJI

E/^flH|bl(i, -an, -oe, -ue united, single

EAHHaH BOJIH. A single will. Eah-

HbiH HJiaH. A single plan.

EE po<s. pron., indecl. her, hers

3to ee naJibxo. This is her coat.

3th KHHrH ee. These books are

hers.

EH{EAHEBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adu.

e>KeAHeBHo daily

EweAHeBHaH raaeia. A daily paper.

EjKeAHeBHo AGJiaxb VTpeHHioK) 3a-

pfl^Ky. To do p.t. exercises daily.

E3mHTb, ->Ky, -;i;Hinb, -jj^ht imp.

1. to go. Ka>K;tuH aenb h e3>Ky

B HHCTHiyT Ha xpaMBae. Every

day I go to the Institute by tram.B npomjiOM roAy h esAHJi na

KaBKas. Last year I went to the

Caucasus.

2. to ride. H yMeio eaAHXb na bg-

JiocHHeA^. / can ride a bicycle.

EJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fir-tree

B Jiecy MHoro ejioK. There are manyfir-trees in the forest.

<> HoBoroAHflH ejiKa. New Year

tree.

ECJIH conj.

J. if. EcJiH fl He Sy^y Sojien, to

oGflaaxejibHo npHAy b xeaTp. //

/ am not ill, I'll certainly come

to the theatre. EcJiH xothtg, h

paccKa>Ky Baivi. // you want, I'll

tell you. EcjiH 6u h sHaji o6

3T0M paHbme, h 6bi He npHuieji.

If I had known this earlier I

should not have come.

2. whereas. Ecjih na ceBepe CTpanu

oêHb xoJiOAHo, to Ha lore >KapK0.Whereas it is very cold in the

north of the country, it is very

hot in the south.

ECTf:CTBEHH|Mfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short

form ecTecTBGH, ecTecTBeHH|a, -o,

-bi; adv. ecTecTBeHHO

1. only complete form natural.

EcTecTBGHHbie HayKH. Natural

sciences. EcTecxBeHHUH (|)aKyjib-

TCT. Natural science faculty.

2. natural. EcTecTBeHHoe JKeJiaHHe.A natural desire.

ECTb^, CM, emb, ecT, e^viM, cahtc, caht;

imper. emb, embxe, past eji, ejia

imp. I p. cbecTb, cteM, cbemb, cbeCT,

cbeAHM, CLBAHxe, cLeAHT to eat

EcTL cyn. To eat soup. Xonerab

ecTb?— /l,a, H oneub xony ecTb.

Are you hungry? ''Yes, I amvery hungry.

ECTb2 see BblTbEXATb, eAly, -euib, -yx; imper. noea-

>KaH, HOCAeM, HoeaHtaHTe imp. k y-

A a? H a q e M? to go

ExaTb Ha napoxoAe. To go by ship.

ExaTb Ha TpaMBae. To go by tram.

ExaTb na noeaAe. To go by train.

ExaTb Ha aBx66yce. To go by bus.

IloeAeM Ha Mexpo Let's go by the

underground ABToSyc SiJCTpo ejier.

The bus is going fast. IlHOHepbi

CAyT B Jiarepb. The Young Pioneers

are going to camp.

EmE adv.1. more. JXame Mue emji xJie6a.

Give me some more bread, fl xo-

qy Kyniixb kocxfom h eme oahh

raJicxyK. / want to buy a suit

and one more tie.

2. still. Oh eme oqenb mojioa. Heis still very young.

3. as much as. Oh yexaji enê roA

HaaaA. He left as much as one

year ago.

4. still, y Hac erne mhofo speMeHH.We still have plenty of time.

5. still. Oh cTaA euê Ao6pee h

Jiyqme. He became still kinder

and better.

H{AJl,H|blfl, -aH, -oe, -ue, short form

waAen, HtaAHa, >KaAH|o, -m; adv.jKaAHO stingy

JKaAHwii ^leJioBeK. A stingy person.

HCAJl£|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. /

p. no>KaJie|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t

1. Koro? HTo? to pity. JKaJiexb

peSeHKa. To pity a child.

2. o KOM? o HCM? or followed

by conj. mo to be sorry. >Ka-

jiexb noxepHHHOM BpeMeHH. To

be sorry for the time lost, fl ma.-

jieio, Hxo He noexaJi na aKCKyp-CHK). / am sorry I did not go on

the excursion.

3. H e r 6? to grudge. H{aJierb Aener.

To grudge the money.

HCAJIKO (HCAJIb) adv., predic. im-

pers. KOMy? Koro? h x o? or

H e r 6?



HCAJI 39 H«EH

1. K r d? ^ T 0? (to be) sorry. MhgJKaJiKO tgSh. / am sorry for you.

Mne jKaJiKO cecipy. / am sorry

for my sister. HaM JKaJiKO namCTapwii ji;OM.

We feel sorry forour old home. Mne jKaJiKO noxe-

pHHHoro BpeMGHH, I'm sorry for

the time lost.

2. followed by conf . hto. JKaJiKO,

HTO Tw He npHineji. It's a pity

that you didn't come.

3. Hero? to grudge. Emj jKajiKo

Aener. He grudges the money.

JKAJIjOBATbCa, -yiocb, -yerabCH,

-yiOTCfl jm/). H a Koro? na qxo?K

M y? Ip.no>Kaji|oBaTbcH,

-yiocB,-yembCH, -yioiCH to complain

JKajiOBaTbCfl na Cbma. To complain

of one's son.

H{AJIb see 5KAJIK05KAPEHlblfl, -an, -oe, -we fried,

roast

JKapenan KapioniKa. Fried pota-

toes. }KapeHoe mhco. Roast meat.

JKAPIHTB, -K), -limb, -ht imp. hto?/p. nofliJKaplHTb, -K), -nmb, -ht to

fry, to roast

noA>KapHTb KapidmKy. To fry po-

tatoes. JKapHTb Mflco. To roast

meat.

5KAPK|HH, -aa, -oe, -ho; adv. >KapKo;

comp. /Kapqe

1. hot. JKapKHH AeHb. A hot day.

HfapKaH noroAa. Hot weather.

HiapKoe Jiexo. A hot summer.

2. adv., predic. impers. (is) hot.

Mne JKapKO. / am hot. Cero^HH

oneHb jKapKO. It's very hot to-

day. GxaJio eme JKapqe. It be-

came still hotter.

HCATb, JKMiy, -emb, -yx imp. h x o?/

p. no>Kaxb, no}KM|3% -emb, -yx to

press, to squeeze

IIo>Kaxb K0My-HH6y/i;i> pyny. Toshake hands with somebody.

HCmATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past jKâJi,

HÂaJia, m^,aJI\o, -h imp. k o r d?

H X o? or Herd?1. Kord? Hxo? to wait. /Kflaxb

flpyra. To wait for a friend.

>KAaxb cecxpy. To wait for one's

sister. JKâxb xpaMBaH. To wait

for a tram.

2. nerd? to expect. H^âxb nncb-

Ma. To expect a letter. JKâxb

ndMom;H. To expect help.

>KE (5K) particle

1. emphatic particle: Hxd me xuMOJiHHmb? Why on earth are yousilent? Hxd JKe mhb êJiaxb? Whatshall

I do? Kxd me anaji, hxo no-rdâ H3MeHHXCH? Who could knowthat the weather would change?

2. exactly, very, just, etc. Y MeuHecxb xaKaa me KHHra, KaK yxedfi. I've got an exactly the same

book as you. Ko MHe npHXOAimxdx >Ke Bpan, Koxopwii npnxo-

;i;iiji K xe6e. / was attended by

the same doctor as you. B xy weMHHyxy pasflajicH sBondK. Atthat very

momentthe bell

rang.5KEJIAHHE neut. wish

y MeuH 6oJibmde TKeJianne yqiixb-

CH. / am. eager to learn.

5KEJIA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp. ko-

M y? »i e M y? nerd? or followed

by inf./p. no>Kejia|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox

to wish

JKejiaio BaM cnacxbH, 3j],opdBbH h

doJibmnx ycnexoB. / wish you liap-

pifiess, good health and great suc-

cess. Htejiaio BaM Bcerd Hanjiyq-

mero, / wish you all the best. >Ke-

Jiaio BaM xopomd oxôxnyxb. /

wish you a good rest, fl He JKCJiaio

HHHerd cJiymaxb. / don't want to

hear anything.

5KEJIE3H|blfl, -an, -oe, -bie

1. iron. }KeJie3HaH Kpwma. A met-

al roof. >KeJie3HaH pyâ. Iron ore.

2. fig. iron. /KeJiesHoe 3;ôpdBbe.

Strong health. >Kejie3HaH Bdjia.

An iron will.

<> >Ke.ie3Hafl aopora. Railway.

JKEJIE30 n., no pl.^ iron

B 3T0H pyAe MHoro JKCJiesa. There

is much iron in this ore. GêJiaTb

Hxd-HH5yAi> H3 JKeJie3a. To make

something out of iron.

HEJITlbin, -an, -oe, -He yellow

>KejixaH KpacKa. Yellow paint. >Keji-

Xbiii HBex. Yellow colour. JKeJixoe

nJiaxbe. A yellow dress.

HCEHA/.,

pi. TKeubi wife

Mori Hêna — Bpan. My wife is a

doctor.

HCEHATIblH, -bie; short form JKenax,

-H (of men or of a married couple)

married

JKenaxMH hcjiobck. A married man.

H He JKenax. I'm not married.



;keh 40 Hcyp

HCEHflTbCH, jKeHiocB, weHHmLCH, me-

HHTCH imp. & p. Ha K 6 M? to

marry

MoH Apyr JKeHHTCfl, My friend Is

getting married. Oh HteHjiJiCH naKpacHBOH flGByniKe. He married a

beautiful girl.

p. also HOJKeHHTBCfl, sing, not used,

pi. nojKeHHMCH, noHteHHxecb, uome-

HHTCH to get married

Ohh HOHteHPiJiHCb y>Ke âBHo. They

married quite a long time ago.

HCEHCKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne woman's,

women'sJKeHCKan 66yBL. Women's footwear.

MejKAyHapoAHfciH jKencKHH jêuh.

International Women's Day.

HCEHmHHA /. womanKpacHBaH HteHmnna. A beautiful

woman.

HCEPTBA /.

1. sacrifice. Blitb totoehm na jiio-

6ue JKepTBu. To be ready to

make any sacrifices. npuHOCHTfc

jKepiBLi. To make sacrifices.

2. victim. Butb (cxaTL) HiepxBOH.

To be (become) a victim.

JKECTKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne wiry, hard

}KecTKHe BoJiocBi. Wiry hair. >KecT-

KHH ^HBan. A hard divan.

<> 5KecTKiiH Baroii. Hard-seated

railway carriage.

HCECTOKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne

1. cruel. TKecTOKHH neJioBeK. Acruel person.

2. bitter, severe. HêcxoKan 6opb6a.

Abitter struggle.

H^cctokhh 3a-KOH. A cruel law.

H{EHb, JKry, jKJKemb, jKryx, past

mer, >KrJi|a, -o, -h imp. Koro?H T 0? / jo. cjKe^b, cojKry, cojKJKemb,

cowrvT, past cmer, coHtrJija, -6, -n

1. to burn. CJKe^b nncbMO. To burn

a letter. TKe^h 6eH3HH, Kepocnn,

yroJib, ApoBa. To burn petrol,

paraffin, coal, firewood.

2. fig. to burn. Gojinne h^jkct. The

sun is scorching. Mopoa mmeTJiHqo H pyKH. The frost bites

the face and the hands.

M11B\0VL, -an, -oe, -tie, short formH«HB, HfHBa, HtliB|0, -W, adv . WHBO1. alive.

2. living. TKHBaH npHpoAa. Living

nature.

3. fig. lively. JKhboh peSenoK. Alively child. JKhboh yM. Live-

ly wit.

4. living. H\hb6h hbuk. A living

language.<> ^HBbie n;BeTW. Natural flowers.

HHBOT m., gen. -a stomach

y MeHH 6oJiriT mwROT. I have a

stomach-ache

H{HBOTH|OE neut., gen. -oro animal

^HKHe jKHBOTHue. Wild animals.

JIjOMamHHe H^HBOTHbie. Domestic

animals.

HCflAKlHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne

1. liquid. JKiiAKoe tgjio. A liquid

substance.2. thin. }KiiAKHH cyn. Thin soup.

JKn^KaH CMexana. Thin sour

cream.

HClSAKOCTB /. liquid

Han(f^HHTb cocy;^ hîjakoctbio. To

fill a vessel with a liquid.

H^nSHEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -me life

}Kpi3HeHHbiH OHHT. Life experience.

5KH3Hb /. life

/Knaub qeJioBena. Man's life. }KH3Hb

pacTeHHH. The life of plants. KaKBOBHHKJia >KH3Hb Ha ScMJIG? HoWdid life appear on Earth? Thjkc-

JiaH JKHBHb. A hard life. 06mecT-

BeHHan mnsuh. Public life.

<> êJiOBeK, nojiHbiu tkushu. A man

full of vitality. Bonpoe h«h3hh h

CMepxii. A matter of life and death.

BbiTb MejKfly H{H3Hbio n cMepxbio.

To be between life and death.

^flPHlblH, -an, -oe, -uefat, rich

^JKiipHoe Mflco. Fat meat. JKnpHHH

cyn. Rich soup.

HCliTEJIb m. inhabitant

CeJibCKHH JKHxejib. A countryman.

FopoACKOH jKHxeJib. A townsman.

Ckojibko JKHxejieH b ropoAe? HowmanyXinhabitants are there in the

town?

HCHTb, >KHBly, -emb, -yx, past jkhji,

jKHJia, >KHJi|o, -H imp. to live

TKuTh AOJiro. To live long. JKnxbAPyJKHo. To live peacefully. /Khxb

xopomo. To live well, fl JKHBy b

MocKBe. / live in Moscow. HiHXB

cBoriM yMOM. To live by one's wits.

JKnxb noA oahoh KpiimeH. To live

under the same roof.

HCyPHAJI m. magazine



I

3A 41 3AB

3, 3

3A prep.

I. -j- instr.

1. behind, beyond. IIIyM 3a CTenofi.

A noise behind the wall. 3a pe-

KOH Jiec. There is a forest beyond

the river.

2. at. CHflexb aa ctojiom. To sit at

the table.

3. after. HflTii Apyr 3a ;i;pyroM. To

go one after another. H 3a BaMH.

/ am after you.

4. at, 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. 3a

saBxpaKOM. At breakfast.

5. for. IIocjiaTfc aa epaHOM. To send

for the doctor. Vlj^Ta 3a xjie6oM.

To go to buy some bread.

6. after. GMOTpexb sa peSenKOM.

To look after a child.

7. out of, beyond. JKhxl 3a ropo-

AOM. To live in the country (out

of town).

II. -\-acc.

1. behind, out of. IIocxaBHXB Kap-

xHHy 3a mKa(|). To put a pic-ture behind the wardrobe. Bpo-CHXb hx6-jih6o 3a OKHo. To throw

something out of the window.

2. at. Cecxb 3a cxoji. To sit down

at the table.

3. by. B3Hxb Kor6-HH6yAb 3a pyKy.

To take somebody by the hand.

4. before. 3a necKOJibKO jiue^ jio

npnesAa xoBapHni;a. Some days

before the friend's arrival.

5. in. BbinoJiHHXb pa66xy sa nefle-JiK). To do the work in a week.

6. for. BopoxbCH 3a Mnp, sa cbo66-

ay. To fight for peace, for free-

dom.

7. for. 3anJiaxiixb aa kocxiom. Topay for a suit. Kynnxb 3a 5 py6-

Jien. To buy for 5 roubles.

8. to. noe3fl;Ka 3a ropoA. ^ t^^P io

the country.

3ABACT0B1KA /., gen. pi. -ok

strike

06'bflBHXb 3a6acx6BKy. To declare a

strike.

3AB0JIEITL1, -K), -emb, -lox p. hcm?to fall ill

3a6ojiexb rpnnnoM. To fall ill with

the 'flu. 3a6ojiexb anrHHOH. To

fall ill with tonsillitis.

3ABOJIETb2, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. saSoJiiix, 3a6oJiHx p.

to begin to ache

yMeHH 3a6ojieJia rojiOBa.

Myhead

began to ache.

3AB0TA /. care

3a66xa o flpyre. Care for a friend.

3AB0|THTbCH, -qycb, -xHmbca, -xax-

CH imp. o K 6 M? o êM? /j9. no-

3a66|THXbCH, -HyCb, -XHmbCH, -XHX-

cfl to take care

Maxb 3a66xHxcH o peSenKe. The

mother takes care of her child.

3AB0TJlHBlblE[, -an, -oe, -me thought-

ful, careful

SadoxJiHBUH flpyr. A thoughtful

friend. 3a66xJiHBoe oxnomeHne. Acareful attitude.

3ABbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp./

p. aaSbixb, 3a63Â|y. -emb, -yx

1. KOro? HXO? o KOMPoqeM?or followed by conj. -^t o or by an

inf. to forget. 3a6HBaxb Apyra.

To forget one's friend. 3a6biBaxb

o X0BapHni;e. To forget about

one's friend. 3a6bixb npaBHJio.

To forget a rule. H 3a6HJi, qxo

ceroAHH coSpauHe. / forget there

is a meeting today. He 3a6yAbxe

KyuHXb SuJiexH. Don't forget to

buy tickets.

2. H X ? to leave. 3a6wxb sohthk b

Mexpo. To leave one' s umbrella in

the underground.

SABb'ITb see SABblBATb3ABEPH5^Tb see 3ABEPTbIBATb3ABEPTbIBAiTb, lo, -emb, -lox imp.

Koro? Hxo? / JO. 3aBepH|yxb, -y,

-emb, -yx to wrap3aBepHyxb MacJio b 6yMary. To wrap

the butter in paper. SaBepniixe, no-

JKaJiyiicxa. Wrap it up, please.

3ABECTH see 3AB0AiITb3ABfl3|0BATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

imp. K M y? H e M y? / p. noaaBii-

AloBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox to envy

Oh saBiiAyex Mne. He envies me. OhsaBpiAyex moitm ycnexaM. He envies

me my success.

3ABfl|CETb, -my, -cnmb, -chx imp.

ox Koro? ox Hero? to depend

3x0 saBHCHX ox Bac. It depends on you.

3ABflCHM0CTb /., no pi. depen-

dence

3AB0j^ m. works, plant

ABXOMoSflJIbHMH SaBOA- ^'^ ^ ^^



3AB 42 3AA

works. nocxynpiTb iia aaBo^. Tobegin working at a plant. PaSoxaTb

Ha 3aB6fl,e. To work at a plant. M^-

Tii Ha saBOA To go to the plant.

yHTii c saBOAa, To leave a plant.

3AB0J^lITb, saBOHcy, aaeoAHmb, aaBo-

AHT imp. H T 0? / p. saBecTii, aaBe-

Al3% -emb, -yx, past aaBeji, 3aBeJi|a,

-6, -li to wind up3aBecTii HacLi. To wind up a watch

(clock)

.^

3AB0lEBATb, -k)K), -loemb, -k)K)t p.

H TO?

1. to conquer. BaBoeBaxb MHornecipaHbi, To conquer many coun-

tries.

2. fig. to win. BaBoeBaib ôBepne.

To win confidence. BaBoeBaxb

yBameHHe ii JiioSoBb. To win

respect and love.

3ABTPA adv. tomorrow3aBTpa Syêx xopoman noro^â. To-

morrow the weather will be fine.

O ]\o saeTpa Till tomorrow

3ABTPAK m. breakfast

ITpiiroToBHTb saBxpaK. To prepare

breakfast. 3a saBxpanoM. At break-

fast.

3ABTPAKA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp. /

p. no3aBxpaKa|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox to

have breakfast

Mm saBxpaKaeM b BoceMb nacoB yx-

pa. We have breakfast at eight

o'clock in the morning.

3ABTPAmH|Hn, -hh, -ee, -ne tomor-

row's

BaBxpamHHH 9KCKypcHH. Tomor-

row's excursion.

3ABfl3ATb see 3ABH3bIBATb3AB>l3bIBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.

H X o?//>. 3aBH3axb, 3aBH}Ky, saBfi-

H<emb, 3aBH}Kyx

1. to tie. 3aBfl3axb y3eji. To tie a

knot. 3aBH3axb ropjio. To tie

something round one's neck.

2. fig. to start. 3aBfl3axb APy>K-

6y. To start a friendship.

3ArAJ^|KA /., gen. pi. -ok riddle

Baragaxb 3araAKy. To ask a riddle.

3ara;i;KH npiipoAM. The riddles of

nature. 3xox neJiOBeK ^jih Mena 3a-

ra^Ka. This man is a riddle to me.

3ArOBOP m. conspiracy, plot

OpraHHSOBaxb saroBop. To hatch a

plot. PacKpuTb saroBop. To discov-

er a pldt.

3ArOPA|Tb, -K). -emb, -lox imp.

p. 3aroplexb, -k), -Hrab, -At to sun-

bathe

3aropaxb na nJiajKe. To sun-

bathe on a beach. Xopomo aaro-

pexb. To get well sun-tanned.

3ArOPAlTbCfl, -K)cb, -erabcfl, -ioxch

imp. /p. aaroplexbCH, -locb, -rimbcH,

-HXCH

1. to catch fire. 3aropeJiCH fl;oM.

A house was on fire.

2. fig. to burn. 3aropexbCH HteJia-

HHeM. To burn with desire. Erorjia3a 3aropeJincb pajiocxbio. Hiseyes began to sparkle with joy.

3ArOPETb see 3ArOPATb3ArOPETbCH see SArOPATbCfl3AJi;AlBATb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. hto?

K o M y? / />. 3a;taxb, 3aAaM, 3aAamb,

3a,a^cx, 3aaaAHM, saAa^Hxe, aaâ-

jiyT,past 3aAaji, 3a;i;aJia, 3a;];aJi|o, -ii

1. to give. 3aAaBaxb ypoK. To give

some material to learn. 3afl;axb

Ha AOM. To give a home-task.

2. to ask. Baâxb Bonpoc. To ask

a question.3AAAHHE neut. task

ÔMamnee 3a;âHHe. A home-task.

3AJIATb see 3AAABATb3AAAqA /.

1. task. OêpeAHbie sajiAmi. Theimmediate tasks. Saâna rocy-

;i;apcxBeHHOH BajKHOcxH. A task

of state importance.

2. sum, problem. PemHXb 3aAa^y.

To do a sum. To solve a problem.

Banana c AByMfi HeH3BecxHbiMH.A problem with two unknowns.

3AJ^:^MATbCH see 3A3yMbIBATb-Cfl

3AAyMHHBlblfl, -aH, -oe, -me, short

form 3aAyMHHB, -a, -o, -u; adv.

sajiyumiBo pensive, thoughtful

3aityMHHBMH BH/^. A pensive look.

3aAyMHHBaH ;êByraKa. A thoughtful

girl. Oh 3aAyMHHB0 nocMOxpeJi na

Hee. He looked at her thoughtfully.

3AJ^^MbIBAlTbCH, -locb, -erabCfl,

-IOXCH imp. o^CM? na^êM?/p. saayMalxbCH, -locb, -embcH, -ioxch

to think, to ponder

3aAyMaxbCH Ha^ cJiomnbiM Bonpo-

COM. To ponder over a complex

problem. 3aAyMaxbCH o cbocm Ap}'-

re. To think about one's friend.



3AE 43 SAM

3AE35KAlTb, -lo, -erab, -iot imp.

K KOMy? Kyfld? 3a kgm? aaHeM?//?. aaexaxb, saeAly, -emb, -yx

tocall (on, at)

Saexaxb k xoBapnmy. To call on

one's friend. 3aexaxb na no^xy. To

call at the post-office. 3aexaxb b Ma-

raai'iH sa KHHraMH. To call at the

shop to get books.

3AEXATb see 3AE3HCATbSAHCEHb see SAHCHFATb3A»«EMbCa see 3AH{HrATbCH3AH(HrA|Tb, -lO, -enib,^ -k)X imp.

H X 0? / /?. sajKe^b, 3a>Kry, sammeuih,

aajKryx, past 3a>Ker, 3a>Krjila, -6,

-u to light

3a>Keqb cnMHKy. To light a match.

3a>KeHb cBex. To switch on the light.

3AM{HrAiTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch imp./ p.

sajKe^bCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. sammejca, 3a>KryxcH,

past 3a>KerCfl, 3a>KrJilacb, -ocb, -ijcb

to light

CnMHKH He 3a>KHraioxcH. The

matches won't light. Ha He5e 3a-

HtrJiHCb 3Be3Abi, Stars appeared in the

sky.

SAflfll see 3AX0AflTb3AKA3ATb see 3AKA3bIBATb3AKA3bIBAiTb, -lo, -einb, -lox imp.

H X 0? / p. 3aKa3axb, 3aKa}Ky, 3aKa-

>Kemb, 3aKa>Kyx to book, to order

Sanasaxb 6HJiexbi b xeaxp. To book

tickets for the theatre. 3aKa3biBaxb

o6e;5. To order dinner.

3AKAHHHBA|Tb, -lo, -erab, -rox imp.

Hxo? / /). saKOH^lHXb, -y, -Hmb, -ax

to finish

SaKonqnxb pa66xy. To finish work.

3AKAHHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch

imp. I p. 3aK6HH|HxbCH, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -axcH

to end

CoGpanne 3aK6HqHJiocb OHenb n63A-HO. The meeting ended very late.

3AKAT m. sunset

HpKHH 3aKax. A bright sunset. 3a-

Kax coJiHua. Sunset.

3AKJIH)HA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

H X o?/p. 3aKJiK)HlHXb, -y, -nrab, -ax

to conclude

3aKJiK)HHXb MHp. To make peace.

3aKJiK)qHXb ôroBop. To conclude

a treaty.

3AKJIK)HHTb see 3AKJIH)HATb3AK0H m. law

SaKOH npHpoAM. A law of nature.

3aK6Hbr pasBHXHH 65ra;ecxBa. Thelaws of development of society. IIpH-

HflXb 3aK6H. To adopt a law.

3AK0HHHTb see 3AKAHHHBATb3AK0HHHTbCH see SAKAHHH-

BATbCH3AKPHH|ATb, -y, -iirab, -ax p. to

shout

rpoMKO 3aKpHHaxb. To shout loudly.

3AKPbIBAlTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

Hxo? J p. 3aKpbixb, 3aKp6|io, -emb,

-lOX

1. to close. 3aKpwBaxb okho. To

close a window. 3aKpHXb ^Bepb

Ha KJiK)H. To lock the door. 3a-

KpiJBaxb xexpa^b, Kunry, aJib66M.

To close the copy-book, the book,

the album. 3aKpbixb rJiasa. To

close one's eyes.

2. fig. to close. SaKpbixb co6paHHe.

To close the meeting.

3AKPb'ITb see 3AKPbIBATb3AKyPflTb, sanypK), 3aKypHrab, 3a-

Kypnx p. ^ X 0? to light

3aKypHXb nannpocy. To light a

cigarette.

3AJI m. hall

3prixejibHbm 3aJi. An auditorium.

GnopxHBHbiH 3aJi. A sports hall.

AKxoBbiH 3aJi. An assembly hall.

HnxaJibHWH 3aJi. A reading hall.

3aJi saceAaHHH. Convention hall.

SAMEHHTb see 3AMEHHTb3AMEHH|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

H X 0? q e M? / JO. 3aMeraixb, 3aMeHK),

3aMeHHrab, 3aMeHHX to replace

SaMCHiixb cxapyio Aexajib hoboh.

To replace an old part by a new^ one.

3aMeHHXb ypoKH xhmhh ypoKaMii

pyccKoro H3biKa. To substitute

Russian lessons for chemistry lessons.

3AMEP3AlTb, -k), -erab, -lox imp.

p. 3aMep3H|yxb, -y, -erab, -yx, past

3aMep3, 3aMep3Jila, -o, -h to freeze

H3aMep3aio ox xoJiOAa. / am freez-

ing from the cold. PeKa 3aMep3Jia.

The river has frozen.

3AMEP3HyTb see 3AMEP3ATb &

MEPSHYTb3AMETHTb see 3AMEHATb3AMEÎAHHE neut. remark

CnpaBeAJiHBoe saMeâHHe. A fust

remark. CfleJiaxb saMeâHHe KOMy-



3AM 44 3An

-jih6o hjih no noBOAy Her6-JiH6o.

To make a remark to somebody or

on something.

3AMEHATEJIbHlblH, -an, -oe, tiewonderful

3aMeiaTeJibHEJH noax namero spe-

MeHH. A wonderful poet of our time.

SaMeâxeJibHEiu ropo^;. A wonder-

ful city.

3AMEHA|TI>, -lo, -enib, -k)t imp. ko-to? H T o?/p. 3aMe|TiiTb, -Hy, -THnib,

-TAX

1. to notice. Ha yjiHiê h aaMexHJi

xoBapiima. In the street, I noticed a

friend. H saMexHJi, hxo oh ycxaji./ noticed that he was tired.

2. to remark. «3xo HenpaBAa», —aaMexHJi oh. ''That's not true,

he remarked.

3AM|0K m., gen. -Ka lock

3anepexb na aaivioK. To lock.

3AM0JI4|ATb, -y, -itmb, -ax p. to

become silent

yneHHK aaMOJiHaJi. The pupil be-

came silent.

SAMYHC adv.

Bhhxh 3aMy>K. To marry (of womenonly). Ona Bwmjia aa Hero aaMyjK.

She married him.

3AMy5KEM adu.

BuTh aaMymeM. To be married (of

women only). Bbi aaMyjKeivi? — Hex,

H He 3aMy>KeM. ,,Are you married?

''No, I am not. Ona SbiJia aa-

MyweM. She was married.

3AHHMA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)x imp.

Hxo?//?. aaHHxb, 3aHM|y, -emb, -yx

1. to occupy. Gxaj^HOH sannMaex

100 reKxapoB. The stadium oc-

cupies 100 hectares.

2. to take. GnopxcMeH saHHJi nep-

Boe Mecxo. The sportsman took

the first place.

3. to take. BaKHMaiixe Mecxa. Takeyour seats.

4. to take. PemeHHe saâ^H sann-

Jio 4 Haca. The solution of the

problem took 4 hours.

5. to occupy. BoHCKa aannjin ropo;^.

The troops occupied the town.

3AHHMA|TbCH, -locb, -embcH, -loxca

imp. r A e? ^ e m?

1. to study. BaHHMaxbCfl b 6h6jiho-

xeKe. To study at a library.

Mndro saHHMaxbCfl. To study a lot.

2. to go in for. SauHMaxbCH cndp-xoM. To go in for sport.

3aHHM4xbCH MyauKOH, jiHxepa-

xypoH.To go in for music,literature.

3AHHTHE neut.

1. occupation. EoJieaHoe aanaxHe.A useful occupation.

2. only pi. lessons. Bbixb na aaHH-XHflX. To be at the lessons.

3AHflT|blB[, -an, -oe, -ue, short formsaHHx, aaHHxa, aannxlo, -h

1. taken. 3xo Mecxo aannxo? Is this

seat taken?

2. busy.

Hcer6;^HH aauHX. /

ambusy today.

3AHIlTb see 3AHHMATb3A0HH|blH, -an, -oe, -me; adv. aaoH-

HO by correspondence

BaoHHoe oSyneuHe. Teaching bycorr^pondence. BaoHHMii HHCxnxyx,A correspondence institute. Vqiixb-

CH aaoHHO. To study by correspond-

ence.

3AnA/( m.

1. west. G BocxoKa na aana^. Fromeast to west.

2. west. Ha aanaê cxpaHbi. In the

west of the country.

3AnAJ^H|blfl, -aa, -oe, -ho west(ern)

Bana^HbiH Bexep. A west wind. 3a-

naAHoe nojiymapne. The western

hemisphere.

BAHAX m. smell

npmixHbiH aanax. A pleasant smell.

Banax i;Bex6B. The smell of flow-

ers.

3AnHCATb see BAnflCblBATb3AnnC|KA /., gen. pi. -ok

1, note. Hanncaxb sanncKy. Towrite a note.

2. only pi. transactions. yneHweaanticKH ynnBepcHxexa. Thetransactions of the University.

3AnflCbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hx 0? / p. aanncaxb, aannmy, aanii-

memb, aannmyx1. to write down. BaniicmBaxb JieK-

n;HK). To take down notes of a

lecture.

2. to record. BanwcHBaxb roJioc na

njiCHKy. To record somebody's

voice.

3AnJIAKATb see nJlAKATbBAHJIATfiTb see njIATflTb



3An 45 3AH

3AnOMHHA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot imp.

Koro? qTo? / jD. sanoMHlHTb, -lo,

-Hmb, -HT to rememberSanoMHHTb HOMep flOMa. To remem-

ber the number of a house. SanoM-

HHxe 3T0 CJIOBO, Remember this word.

SAllOMHHTb see 3AnOMHHATb3AnPETHTb see 3AnPEIU;ATb3AnPEmAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

q T 0? K o M y? -|- inf. Ip. aanpelxHTb,

-my, -Tiimb, -THT to forbid, to pro-

hibit

BpaH sanpeTHJi eM}^ KypHTb. Thedoctor forbade him to smoke.

3AnPEmEHHE neut. prohibition

3APABATbIBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot

imp. H T 0? I p. 3apa66Ta|Tb, -lo,

-emb, -IOT to earn

3apa6dTaTb mhofo Aener. To earn

a lot of money.

3APAB0TATbi see 3APABATblBATb3APAB0TATb2 to begin working

Mamnna 3apa6dTa.Tia. The machine

began working.

3APnJIATA /. ( = sapaSoTHaa njiara)

salary, wages

BucoKafl sapnjiaTa. A high salary

(high wages). HnsKan sapnjiara. Alow salary (low wages). IIoJiyHHTb

sapHjiary. To get one's salary

(wages).

3ACJiy3KHBAITb, -lo, -emb, -k>t

imp. HTO?//?. aacjiyjKHTb, aacjiy-

>Ky, sacjiyn^nmb, 3acjiyH«aT

1. to deserve. BacjiyjKtTTb narpa^y.

To deserve a reward.

2. to win. YHHTejib sacjiyjKHji jiio-

SoBb yêHHKOB. The teacher wonthe love of his pupils.

3ACJiy5KllTb see 3ACJiyaCHBATb3ACME|flTbCH, -locb, -embcn, -iotch

p. to begin to laugh

rpoMKO 3acMeHTbCH. To begin to

laugh loudly.

3ACH^Tb see 3ACbmATb3ACTABHTb see 3ACTABJI}lTb3ACTABJI> |Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t imp.

K r 6? q t o?-f- inf. / p. sacTalBMTb,

-BjiK), -BHmb, -BHT to make3acTaBHTb paSoxaTb. To make (some-

body) work.

3ACbinAITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp./

p. 3acH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT

Oh sacbinaeT 6MCTpo. He falls asleep

quickly. KoFAa th BHepa sacnyji?

When did you fall asleep yesterday?

3ATEM adv.

1. then. GnaHaJia a noujjj b 6h6-

JiHOTCKy, a 3aTeM b khho. /

shall first go to the library andthen to the cinema.

2. for (or translated by inf.). Ohno3BOHMji 3aTeM, HTOObi ysHaxb,

KaK H ce6a nyBCTByio. Hecalled up to learn how I felt.

3AT0 con J. but

3to HeBKycHO, aaxo nojie3Ho. It's

not tasty, but it's good (for you).

3AXBATHTb see 3AXBATbIBATb3AXBATblBAlTb, -lo, -emb, -iot

imp. H t 0? / /?. saxBaTPiTb, 3axBa-

Hy, saxBariimb, saxBarar to seize

3axBaTHTb nyjKue 3eMJiH. To seize

somebody else's land.

3AX03flTb, saxoHty, aaxo^Hmb, sa-

xojxaT imp. k KOMy? KyAa? 3 a

K e M? 3 a H e M? /p. 3aHTiJ, aaiiAly,

-emb, -yr, past aameji, 3amji|a, -6, -n

1. to call. SaiiTii b focth k ^py-

ry. To call on a friend. Saiixii b

MaraaHH 3a KHiiraMH. To call at

a shop to buy books.

2. to set. CoJiHue 3ax6AHT. Thesun is setting.

3AX0TETb see XOTETb3AHEM adv. what for, why

3aHeM BM npnexajiH b Mockbv?

What did you come to Moscow for?

H He 3Haio, 3aHeM oh npnxoAHJi. /

don't know why he called.

3AmflTA /., no pl.^

1. defence. SamiiTa ropoAa, npaB.

The defence of a city, rights.

2. defence. SamnTa AHCcepTaumi.

The defence of a thesis.

3AIIi;HTflTb see 3AIH.HmATb3AmHin;AITb, -K>, -emb, -iot imp.

Kor6?HTo?OT Koro? ot He-

ro? / p. 3am;HlTHTb, -my, -Tiimb,

-THT

1. to defend. 3amHmaTb ropoA ot

Bpara. To defend the city from

the enemy. Samnmarb CBOii npa-

Ba. To defend one's rights. 3a-

mnmaTb CBOK) TOHKy spenHa.

To defend one's point of view.

2. to defend. 3amHmaTb AHCcepTa-

HHK). To defend one's thesis.

3AHBflTb see 3AHBJI}lTb

3AaBJIEHHE neut.

1. declaration. 3aaBJieHHe npaBii-

TBJIbCTBa nOJIOJKCHHH B CTpaHC.



3Afl 46 3EJI

A government declaration on the

situation in the country.

2. application. HaniicaTt saHBJie-

HHe Ha iiMH AHpeKTopa. Towrite

an application to the director.

3AHBJlH|Tb, -K), -enih, -iot imp.

H T 0? K o M y? o H e M? / p. 3a-

flBiiTb, 3aHB-iK), aaHBHrab, aaflBHT

to announce

IIpaBiiTejibCTBo BaHBiijio o6 ycxa-

HOBJieHHH ^HnJlOMaTPWeCKHX OTHO-

meHHH c 3T0H CTpanoH. The goiêrn-

ment announced the establishment of

diplomatic relations with this

country.

3BATb, bobI}', -enib, -yx, past bbrji,

-a, -0, -H imp. I p. noBBaxL, noao-

B|y, -emb, -yx, past nosBaJi, no-

3Bajia, noBBajiIo, -h

1. Koro? H X 0? to call. MaxbnoBBajia peSenKa oGeâxb. The

mother called the child to dinner.

HoBOBiixe cecxpy k tquqôuw.

Call your sister to the telephone.

2. no p. to be called. Kan Bac bo-

Byx? — MeHJi BOByx Bopric (Bo-piicoM). ''What is your name?

My name is Boris.

3BE'SJ\\ /., pi. BBeaAbi

1. star. HpKaR aBe3;;a. A bright

star. Ha He6e oAHa BBCBAa.

There is one star in the sky.

3a>Krjiiicb BBeB^bi. Stars began

to show.

2. fig. star. BseBAa BKpana (khho-

BBeBAa). A film star.

3BEH|ETb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,3rd pers. -vix, -flx imp. to ring

Bbghiix bbohok. The bell is ring-

ing, rdjioc ee BBeneJi KaK kojio-

KOJibHHK. Her voice rang like a

bell.

3BEP|b m., gen. pi. -eii beast

Xhiahmh BBcpb. A beast of prey.

JJûKne BBepii. Wild beasts.

3B0H|flTb, -K), -Hiub, -ax imp. k o-

My? / /?. nOBBOHJllXb, -K), -HUIb, -HX

1. no p. to ring. 3bohhx xejieÔH.

The telephone is ringing.

2. K M y? to ring up. fl hobbo-

HHn BMy no xejieôny. / rang

him up.

3B0HK|nn, -an, -oe, -ne ringing

3b6hkhh roJioc, A ringing voice.

BBOHKafl necHH. A ringing song.

3BOH|0K m., gen. -Ka

1. bell. H najKaJi na KHOUKy bboh-

Ka. / pressed the button of the

bell.

2. bell. Pa3;tajicfl xpexnii bbohok.

The third bell rang.

3ByK m,

1. sound. CxpaHHUH BsyK. A strange

sound. 3ByK rdjioca. The sound

of a voice.

2. sound. CorjiacHMH (r.iacHbiH)

BByK. A consonant (vowel) sound.

3;ÂHHE neut. building

Bojibmoe aAanne. A large building.

Cxapoe BAanne. An old building.

3AaHHe xeaxpa. The theatre building.

3ÊCb adv.

1. rê? here. Mm dyêM >khxi>

3/i,ecb. We shall live here. 3fl,ecb

Bce CBOii. There are no strang-

ers here.

2. fig. 3Aecb Hex Hnnero njioxoro.

There is nothing bad in this.

3ÔP0BAlTbCH, -locb, -embcn, -ioxch

imp. c KGM? /p. noBAopoBalxbCfl,

-locb, -embCfl, -loxcH to greetOh He noBAopoBa.iCH c HaMii. Hedidn't greet us.

3JliOPOB|bTH, -an, -oe, -bie, short

form BAopoB, -a, -0, -u.

1. healthy. 3Aop6BLm peoenoK. Ahealthy child. Oh coBceM BAopoB.

He is quite healthy.

2. only complete form healthy.

SAopoBbiH bha. a healthy look.

3Aop6BbiH oxAHX. Healthy rest.

<> ByAb(Te) 3Aop6B(fai) Good-bye

3Ji;0P0BbE n. health

Xoponiee BAopoBbe. Good health.

KpenKoe BAopoBbe. Strong health.

y Hero cjia6oe BAopoBbe. His

health is weak. KaK Bame BAopoBbe?

How are you? Bepe^b BAopoBbe.

To take care of one's health.

<> 3a same aAoposbe To your

health Ha SAopOBbe To your pleas-

ure

3;i;PABCTByfl(TE) [BApacxByiiTe]

How do you do. Good morning.

Good afternoon. Good evening.

Hello

3EJlEH|blfl[, -an, -oe, -He

1. green. 3eJieHafl xpasa. Green

grass. 3eJieHUH i;Bex. Green col-



3EM 47 3HA

2. green. SeJienwe 6boiu;h. Green

vegetables. 3eJieHHe hSjiokh.

Green apples.

3EMJIH /., ace. 3eMJiK); pi. seuJiu,seMeJib, seMJiHM, etc.

1. no pi. Earth. GeMJia BpamaexcH

BOKpyr CBOeH och. The Earth

revolves on its axis.

2. land. IIJiOAopojiHaH seMJiH. Fer-

tile land. SeMJiH — c66cTBeH-

HOCTb Hapoâ. The land belongs

to the people.

3. ground. VnacTt na seMJiio. To

fall to the ground.

4. land. «3eMJifll» — sanpHqaji Mar-poc. ''Land the sailor shouted.

3EPKAJI0 neut., pi. aepnajia, aepKaji,

sepnajiaM, etc. looking-glass

CMOTpeTB(cH) B sepKaJio. To look

(at oneself) in a looking-glass.

3EPH0 neut., pi. aepna, sepen, sep-

HaM, etc. grain

IlnieHMHHoe aepno. A grain of

wheat

3HMA /., ace. 3imy, pLsuMU. winter

CypoBan, xojioAHaH 3HMa. A hard,cold winter. BcK) ariMy ctohjih mo-

posH. The frosts lasted the whole

winter.

3flMH|Hfl[, -HH, -ee, -ne winter

Shmhhh ASHb, A winter day. 3nM-

Hee najibTO. A winter coat. 3hm-

HHH cnopT. Winter sports.

3HM0H adv. in winter

3hm6h b MocKBe xoJioflHo. It is

very cold in Moscow in winter.

3Jl\0V[, -as, -6e, -tie, short form 30JI,BJia, 3JI0, 3JIW

1. wicked, malicious, vicious.

3jioh HeJiOBeK. A wicked man.

3Ji6e JiHii;6. A wicked face.

2. hard. 3jioh Mopoa. A hard frost.

3. angry. KaK h 30J1I How angry 1

ami

3MEII /., pi. 3MeH, 3MeH snake

HflOBHTaH 3MeH. A venomous snake.

3HAK0|MHTbCfl, -MJiiocb, -MHuibCH,

-MHTCfl imp. c KeM?c HeM?/p. n03HaK6|MHTbCH, -MJIIOCb, -MHIDb-

CH, -MATCH

1. to make acquaintance. 3HaK6-

MHTbCH C HOBMMH JIIOAbMH. To

meet new people.

2. to get to know. 3HaK6MHTLCH c

r6po;;oM. To get to know a

city.

3HAK0M|blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short

form BHaKOM, -a, -0, -m

1. familiar. 3HaK6MaH KHPira. A

familiar book, fl BHanoM c hhm.He is an acquaintance of mine.

2. used as n. acquaintance. Oh mohBHaKOMLiH. He is an acquaintance

of mine. Ona moh BHanoMan.

She is an acquaintance of mine.

Oahh moh BHaKOMHH CKasaji

MHe, HTO... An acquaintance of

mine told me that...

3HAMEHHT|bm, -an, -oe, -He, short

form BHaMeHHT, -a, -o, -li famous,

celebrated3HaMeHiiTHH KOMnosHTop. A fa-

mous composer. SHaMeHMTBiii xy-

goJKHHK. A celebrated artist.

3HAMH neut., gen., dat., prepos. BHa-

MeHH, ace. BHaMH, instr. 3HaMeHeM;

pi. BHaMena, BHaMCH banner

SnaMH CBoGoAbi. The banner of

freedom.

3HAHHE neut. knowledge

3HaHHe — ciiJia. Knowledge is pow-

er. FjiySoKHe SHauHH. Profoundknowledge. Hpo^Hbie BHaHHH. Solid

knowledge. OBJiaêBaxb SHannHMH.

To gain knowledge.

3HA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. k r 6?

H T O? K 6 M? H e M?

1. to know. H BHaio btofo nejioBe-

Ka. / know that man. XopomoBHaxb cTpany. To have a good

knowledge of a country.

2. to know. 3HaTb pyccKnii hbwk.

To know Russian.3. to know. 3HaTb 06 OT-BeBAC To

know about one's departure. HBHaio, HTO OH 66jieH. / know that

he is ill. H BHaio, rê oh >kh-

BCT. / know where he lives. HBHaio, Kyâ oh nomeji. / know

where he went. H ne BHaio, Kor-

jxk OH BepneTCH, / don't know

when he will come back, fl ne

BHaio, HOieMy ero Hex. / don't

know why he is nothere.

3HAHfiHHE neut.

1. meaning. 3to cjiobo HMeex mho-

ro 3HaHeHHH. This word has

many meanings.

2. importance. Cnopx HMeex or-

poMHoe SHaneHHe flJIH BAOpoBbH.

Sport is of great importance for

health.



3HA 48 HAT

3HAHlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. rarely

used, 3rd pers. -ht, -ax imp. h t o?

to meanHto 3HaqHT 9T0 CJIOBO? What does

this word mean? 3x0 HHêro He

3HaHHT. It means nothing.

3HAH|0K m., gen. -Ka badge

yHHBepcHTeTCKHH 3HaH0K. A uni-

versity badge. SnaôK Typiicxa

CCCP. The badge of tourist of the

USSR. 06MeHHBaxbCH BHaHKawH.

To exchange badges.

30JI0T0 neut., no pi. gold

Hhcxob sojioxo. Pure gold. J[o6u-

Baxb SOJIOXO. To mine gold. 3anjia-

xiixb aoJioxoM. To pay in gold.

<0> He Bce to sojioxo, hto Sjibc-

THT (proverb). All that glitters

isn't 0old.

30JI0T|0fl, -an, -6e, -ue gold

1. gold. BoJioxaH MOHexa, A gold

coin. SoJioxbie nacu. A gold

watch.

2. fig.: 3oJiox6fi êJioBeK. A won-

derful man.

OSojioxafl cepBAHna. The golden

mean.

30HTHK m. umbrella

PacKpiixb BOHXHK. To open an um-

brella.

3PEHHE neut. eyesight

Xoporaee apeHne. Good eyesight.

<>• To^Ka speHHfl. A point of view.

C TOîKii apennfl Kor6-JiH5o. Fromsomebody's point of view.

3PflTEJIb m. spectator

TeaxpaJibHWH spiixejib. A theatre-

goer. B aaJie mhofo apHxejieii.

There are many spectators in the hall.

3PH adv. for nothing

3pH xpaxHXb BpeMH. To waste time.

3pH roBopiiXb. To speak to no

purpose. 3pH ne CecnoKOHxecbl

Don't worry unnecessarily/

3yB m., pi. 3j'6bi, 3y66B tooth

y Meiia SoJiHx 3y6Li. Fve got a

toothache.

<> FoBopHTb (cKaaaTb) ckbosb

aySbi. To speak through clenched

teeth.

n, H

H conf. and

Maxb H oxen,. Mother and Father.

Mu roBopiiM no-pyccKH h no-anr-

JiHHCKH. We speak Russian andEnglish. EomeJi ji,omjxh, h mh ne

noexajiH 3a ropo^. It began to rain

and we didn't go to the country.

HPOJIIKA /., gen. pi. -ok needle

JX&u MHe nrojiKy c htixkoh. Give mea needle and some thread. FpaMMO-ÔHHaa nroJiKa. A gramophoneneedle. HroJiKH na ejiKe. Fir needles,

HFPA /., pi. nrpbi game; playing

1. HnxepecHan nrpa. An interest-

ing game. HacxojibHafl nrpa. Atable game.

2. Mrpa na CKpHnKe. Playing the

violin.

3. Hrpa b $yx66ji. Playing foot-

ball.

nrpAlTB, -10, -emb, -kdx imp./p. cut-

pajxb, -K), -emb, -lox

1. to play. êxH nrpaiox b napKO.

Tlê children are playing in the

park. R nrpaio c 6paxoM. I play

with my brother.

2. b H X 6? to play. Hrpaxb b

6acKex66ji, b (|)yx66Ji, b BOJien-

66 Jr, B maxMaxH. To play bas-

ket-ball, football, volley-ball,

chess.

3. Ha HeM? to play. Hrpaxb naOHaHHHO, Ha CKpiIHKe, Ha TH-

xape. To play the piano, the

violin, the guitar.

4. H X 0? to play. Hrpaxb Bajibc.

To play a waltz, k o r 6? Hr-

paxb Bopiica FoAyHOBa. To play

Boris Godunov.

<> 3to iirpaex Gojibinyio pojib.

It's of great importance . 3x0 lie

nrpaex pojiii. It's of no importance.

HFPyjUlKA f.,gen. pi. -en toy

J],excKHe nrpymKH. Children's toys.

HAEH /.

1. idea. EepeAOBwe hack nameroBpeMeHH. Advanced ideas of our

time.

2. idea. Hach npoH3BeAeHHH. The

idea of a literary work.

HJîTfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past meji, mji|a,

-0, -H imp.

1. Kyâ? oxKyâ? to go. H^xh

B pecxopaH. To go to a restau-

rant. Haxh Ha HOHxy. To go to

the post-office. Hath h3 xeaxpa

AOMOH. To go home from the

theatre. Hath k 6paxy. To go

to one's brother. Haxh Sticxpo.



H3 49 H3M

To go quickly. \\ji,TU neniKoM.

To walk.

2. to go. Hath ryjiHTB. To go for

a walk, fl

HAYb khho. / am

going to the cinema.

3. to go. IIoeaA Hêx GwcTpo.

The train is going fast.

4. to go. ôpora hagt jigcom. The

road goes through a forest.

5.: âcLi H^yT xopomo. The watch

(clock) keeps good time.

6.: HêT aojkab. It is raining. VLjôt

CHer. It is snowing. Hjjjqt rpa^.

It is hailing.

7.:KaK H^yT jêjia? How are things?

>KH3Hb HABT. Life goes on. Bpe-

Mfl HAGT. Time is passing. Pa-

66Ta HêT. Work is in progress.

8. to be on. CeroAHfl b Teaxpe

h^St HOBaff nbeca. There is a

new play on at the theatre, today.

9. to become. 3to njiaxbe BaM

HAex. This dress becomes you.

IO.iIIaxh k n;eJiH. To try to achieve

one's goal.

<> Hath Ha bcc. To go to any

length. He hact h3 yMa («it6-:ih6o).

Not to be able to get (something)

out of one's head. rojiOBa iiagt

KpvroM. My head is in a whirl.

H3 (H30) prep. -^ gen.

1. out of. BbmxH H3 KOMHaxH. To go

(come) out of the room. Bbiexaxb

H3 ropoAa. To drive out of the

town.

2. from. lOnoma na A$phkh. Ayouth from Africa.

3. of. HeKOXopwe hb Hac. Some of

us. Oahh H3 cxyAGHXOB. One of

the students.

4. (made) of. Kocxiom h3 mepcxn. Awoollen costume.

H3BECTHE neut.

1. news. IIpnHXHoe n3BecxHe.

Pleasant news.

2. news. IIocjieAHHe HSBecxna. Thelatest news.

H3B£CTH|blH, -an, -oe, -bie, shortform H3BecxeH, H3BecxH|a, -o, -bi;

adv. H3BecxH0 well-known

H3BecxHBiH yneHWH. A well-known

scientist. 3x0 Bceivi nsBecxno. Every-

body knows that.

H3BHHflTB see H3BHHIlTb

H3BHHHTbCH see H3BHHHTbCH

4—4002

H3BHHIl|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-to? / />. H3BHH|lixb, -K), -limb, -HX

to excuse

H3BHHMxeMeHH,

HOJKajiyficxa. Ex-cuse me, please.

H3BHH}JlTbCH, -locb, -embcn, -loxca

imp. I p. H3BHH|HXbCH, -lOCb, -Hmb-

CH, -axcfl to apologise

Oh H3BHHHjicfl nepeAO mhoh aa

AOJiroe MOJinaHHe. He apologised

to me for his long silence.

H3J1|AJIEKA adv. from far awaynpnexaxb nsAajieKa. To come from

far away.

H3-3A prep, -j- gen.

1. from behind. H3-3a .neca rioKa-

aajiacb Jiyna. The môn cameout from behind the forest.

2. from. Bcxaxb H3-3a cxojia. Toget up from the table.

3- because of. H3-3a ao?ka» mli ne

noexaJiH na nporyjiKy. Because of

the rain we didn't go for a drive.

H3MEHEHHE neut. change

H3MeHeHHH B >KH3HH. Changes in

life. HaMGHeHHe b pacnncaHnH.

Achange in the time-table. B cxpaiie

npoH3omjiH Sojibmiie ii3MeHeHiiH.

Great changes have taken place in

the country.

H3MEHflTb see H3MEHHTbH3MEHIiTbCfl see H3MEHHTbCH &

MEHHTbCHH3MEH>l|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp. /

p. H3MeHHXb, H3MeHl6, II3MeHHmb,

iiaMeHHX

1. H T 0? to alter. HaMeHwxb njian.

To alter a plan.

2. K o M y? H e M y? to betray, to be

unfaithful. HaivieHMTb cxpane.

To betray one's country. HaMennxbTKene. To be unfaithful to one's

wife.

H3MEHHlTbCH, -locb, -embca, -lox-

CH imp./p. HaMennxbCfl, H3MeHi6cb,

H3MeHHmbCH, HaMeHHXCH to change

HaMeuHJiCfl bha ropoAa. The ap-

pearance of the city has changed.

Bbi oneHb H3MeHiiJiHCb. You've

changed a lot. (cf. MEHHXbCH)H3MEPHTb see H3MEPHTbH3MEPHlTb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.

H X 0? /p. H3Mep|HXb, -K), -Hmb, -HT

to measure

HaMepnxb JiJiauy KoMHaxH. To

measure the length of a room.



H30 50 HHT

HsMepHTb TeMnepaxj^py. To take

one's temperature.

H30BPA5KAlTb, -w, -emb, -k)t imp.

HTO?//?. H306pa|3HTb, -Hty, -3Hmb,

-3HT to represent

^t6 bh H3c6pa3'/uiH Ha axoH Kap-

THHe? What did you represent in

that picture?

H30BPA3flTI> see H30BPAHCATbH30BPECTfl see HSOBPETATbH30BPETAITb, -ro, -erab, -k)t imp.

^ T 0? /p. H3o6pecTH, H3o6peT|y,

-enib, -yT, past H3o6peJi, H3o6peji|a,

-6, -H to invent

HsoSpecTii HOByio Mamimy. To in-

vent a new machine.

H3-nOA prep. -\- gen.

1. from under. KoniKa BumJia h3-

nojs, CTOJia. The cat came from

under the table.

2. from a place near some other

place, npnexaxb H3-noA JlenaH-

rpaaa. To come from near Lenin-

grad.

H3yHA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.^jo?

K o r 6? / p. H3yqiixb, H3y»iy, nay-HHrab, H33îax to study

Hsyqaxb pyccKHii H3wk. To study

Russian. Ilsyâxb npo6JieMy. To

study a problem.

H3yHnTb see H3yqATbflJIH con J. or

BamixHH naqnyxcH saBxpa ijjih

nocjie3aBTpa. The lessons start to-

morrow or the day after. Oh ôMa

iiJiH Hex? Is he at home or not? J\r

iiJiH Hex? Yes or no?flMEHHO particle precisely, just

MMeHHO Bbi MHe Hy>KHM. You are

just the one I need.

^ Box HMeHHO. Exactly.

HMElTb, -K>, -erab, -lox imp. Koro?H X o? to have

HMexb MHoro BpeMenn ^jih aaHH-

XHH. To have a lot of time for

one's studies. HMexb B03M6JKHOcxb

nocexHXb BMCxaBKy, To be able to

visit the exhibition. HMexb 3Haê-HHe. To be of importance.

HMnEPHAJIIlCTHqECKlHfl, -an, -oe,

-He imperialist

flMfl neut., gen., dat., prepos. hmchh,

ace. HMH, instr. HMeHGM; pi. HMe-

Ha, hmbh, HMenaM, etc. nameMoe HMH — BjiaAHMHp, My name is

Vladimir. KaK Barae iimh? WhaVsyour name?

<> BMCTynaxb ot hmchh kopo-jih-

5o. To speak on somebody's behalf.

Bii6jinoTeKa HMeHH JlenHna. TheLenin library.

HHAHE1. adv. in a different way. 3xoHa-

AO cji;ejiaxb HHane. This should

be done in a different way.

2. conj. (or) else. Hau 6bicxpee,

HHaqe xh ono3Aaemb. Go faster,

or else you'll be late.

HHJKEHEP m. engineer

FopHWH HHJKeHep. A mining engi-

neer. MoH oxeu— HHJKeHep. Myfather is an engineer. Pa66xaxb hh-

HtenejOM. To work as an engineer.

IIHO^JÂ adv. sometimes

HnorAa oh npnxoAHJi aomoh n63A-

HO. Sometimes he came home late.

HHOCTPAH|EI^ m., ê/z. -ua foreigner

B rocxHHHue HtHBex MHoro nno-

cxpaHn;eB. Many foreigners live in

the hotel.

HHOCTPAHHlblK, -an, -oe, -Lie

foreignHHOcxpaHHLie H3Ukh. Foreign lan-

guages. MHHHcxepcxBo HHOcxpan-

HMX AGJi. The Ministry of Foreign

Affairs.

HHCTHTS^T m. institute

GxpOHxeJibHWH HHCXHxyx. A build-

ing institute. YHHXbCH b HHCXHxy-

xe. To study at an institute. Tlo-

cxyHHXb B HHCXHxyx. To enter an

institute. HayHHO-HCCJieAOBaxeJib-

CKHH HHCXHxyx. A research insti-

tute.

HHCTPyMEHT m. instrument

XHpyprHiecKHe HHCxpj'Menxbi. Sur-

gical Instruments. My3biKaJibHbiH

HHCxpyMeHX. A musical instrument.

HHTEJIJIHr£HU[Ha /., no pi. in-

telligentsia

MnxeJiJiHreHitHfl cxpaHbi. The coun-

try's intelligentsia.

HHTEPfX m.1. interest. BoJibmoH HHxepec, A

great interest. GJiyraaxb c hh-

xepecoM. To listen with interest.

2. usu. pi. interests. KjiaccoBue

HHxepecH. Class interests. 3a-

mnnjaxb cbou HHxepecH. To

defend one's own interests.



HHT 51 Hcn

HHTEPECHlblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue, short

form HHTepeceH, HHTepecHja, -o,

-h; adv. HHTepecHo

1. interesting. HHTepecHtiH ^hjibm.

An interesting film. HHiepeCHafl

KHHra. An interesting hook. MhHHTepecHo npoBejiPi BpeMH.

We've had an interesting time.

3to oqenb HHxepecHO. IV s very

interesting.

2. adv., predic. impers. often trans-

lated by to wonder. MuTepecHo,

npHeêT jih oh? / wonder wheth-

er he will come.

HHTEPECjOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

imp. K o r 6? ^ t o? to interest

Ero HHTepecyeT HtHBonncL. He is

interested in painting. Mena HHTe-

pecyeT TexHHKa. / am interested in

technology.

HHTEPEClOBATBCH, -yiocb, -yemb-

ca, -yioTca imp. KeM? qeM? to

be interested

HHTepecoBaTbca JiHTepaTypoH h hc-

KyccTBOM. To be interested in litera-

ture and art.

HCKATb, nmy, nnênib, iimyT imp. /

p. HanlTH, -Ay, -Aenib, -^yT

1. Koro? ^To? to look for. Hc-

KETb cBoero Apyra. To be look-

ing for one's friend. HcKaTb

HJiaTOK. To look for one's hand-

kerchief. Kto HmeT, TOT Bcerfl;a

HaH;i;eT, Seek and you shall

find.

2. fig. ^ T 0? or Hero? to look

for, to seek. HcKaTb paSoxy. To

look for a Job. HcKaxb npaBAH.To seek the truth. McKaTb

CHacTba. To seek happiness.

HCKJIfOHAlTb, -K), -enib, -iot imp.

KOrc? HTO?//?. HCKJIK)q|HTb, -y,

-Hmb, -aT to expel

HCKJIIOHUTb CTyêHTa H3 HHCTHTy-

Ta. To expel a student from the in-

stitute.

HCKJIIOHEHHE neut. exception

3to HCKJiiOHeHHe H3 npaBHJia. This

is an exception to the rule. HeTnpaBHJi 6e3 HCKJnoêHHa. There are

no rules without exceptions.

<> 3a HCKJiioqeHHeM Mena, Bce

6biJiH HE CTaAHone. Everybody was

at the stadium, except me.

HCKJIIOHfiTb see HCKJIIOHATbKCKPEHHlHB, -mi, -ee, -ne, short

form HCKpenen, HCKpeHH|a, -o, -h;

adv. HCKpenne sincere, frank

HcKpeHHHH HeJiOBCK. A sincere per-

son. HcKpeHHHH oTBer. A frank

answer. CKaJKHTe HCKpenne. Tell

me frankly.

HCKyCCTBEHHlbin, -aa. -oe, -Lie

artificial

HcKyccTBeHHoe bojiokho. Artifi-

cial fibre. HcKyccTBeHHUH raeJiK.

Artificial silk.

HCKKCTBO neut.

1. art. HaoSpaaiiTeJibHbie hckvc-

CTsa. Imitative arts. HcKyccTBO

HapoAHwx MacTepoB. The art of

folk masters.

2. art. HcKyccTBo nrpw na rHTape.

The art of playing the guitar.

HcKyccTBo mHTba. The art of

sewing.

HCnOJIHHTb see HCHOJIHilTbHCnOJIHUlTb, -K), -enib, -k)t imp.

H T O ? / /?. HCnOJIHlHTb, -K), -HHIb, -HT

1. to perform, to play. HcnoJinaTb

MyaHKaJibHyio nbecy. To play a

musical piece. HcnoJiHaTb poJib.

To play a part.

2. to fulfil. Bh He MOFJiH 6li hc-

HOJIHHTb MOIO Up6cb6y? Could

you comply with my request?

HCnOJIb3|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT

imp. & /?. K r 6? ^ t o? to makeuse of

HcHOJibsoBaTb cneuHaJiHCTOB. To

make use of specialists . McnoJibao-

BaTb BpeMH. To make use of one's

time.

HCnPABHTb see HCDPABJIilTbHCnPABJlHlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

nTO? / p. HCnpa|BHTb, -BJIK), -BHHIb,

-BHT to correct

HcnpaBHTb omH6Ky. To correct a

mistake.

HCnyrAlTbCH, -rocb, -embca, -iotch

jo. K r 6? H e r 6? to be frightened

MajibHHK HcnyraJica. The boy got

frightened. Oh HCnyraJica, hto He

XBaTHT BpeMCHH. He was afraid

that he would not have enough time.

Oh HcnyraJica rpoMa. He was

afraid of the thunder.

HCnblTAHIlE neut. testing

HcnHTaane MamHHH. l^he testing

of a machine. HcnwraHHa aTOMHO-

ro opyjKHa. The testing of an atom-

ic weapon.



HCT m KAK

HCT0Pfl4ECK|Hfl, -aH, -oe, -He

1. history. llcTopuqecKHH âKyjib-

Tex. The history department.

2. historical. HcTopHHecKiie naMHx-

HHKH. Historical monuments.

3. historic. HcTopriêcKafl aaxa. Anhistoric date.

HCTOPHH /.

1. no pi. history. HcxopiiH pasBH-

BaexCH no cbohm saKonaM. History

develops according to its own laws.

HcxopiiH j^peBHero Mwpa. The

history of antiquity. McxopHH

H3HKa. The history of a lan-

guage.

2. story. Oh yMeex paccKaausaxbHHxepecHwe ncxopHn. He can

tell interesting stories.

HCTPATHTb see TPATHTb

HdE3A|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./

p. HCêsHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past

HCHea, -Jia, -jio, -jih

1. to disappear. GaMOJiex ncMes b

oSJianax. The plane disappeared

in the clouds.

2. to cease. BoJib ncêajia. The

pain has gone.HCH£3H|yTb see HCHESATb

HTAK conj. so

HxaK, pemenne npimaxo. So the

decision has been taken.

HX poss. prnn. their, theirs

Hx npcAJiojKeHHe 6lijio npaBHJib-

hmm. Their proposal was right. dra

KOMHaxa HX. This room is theirs.

IIlDJIb m., no pi. July

B Hiojie y cxy/i,eHX0B KaHiiKyjiH.

The students have their holidays in

July. Cer6;;Hfl 25 hiojih. Today is

the 25th of July. On npne;Aex 28-ro

HioJifl. He will come on July 28.

IIlDHb m., no pi. June

B HEone cxy;i,eHXbi CAawxaKaaMenbi.

Students take their exams in June.

K, K

K (KO) prep.+dat.

1. to, up to. EoAOHXif K AOMy. To

approach the house. On no;];omeJi

K xoBapnnzy. He went up to his

friend. HAHxe k aocKe. Come

(go) to the blackboard.

2. to. Oh npnexaJi k flpyry. He

came to see his friend. HpHeawaHK HaMi Come and see us

3. by. Hajio npniixH k ceMii HacaM

Benepa. You must come by sev-

en o'clock in the evening.

4. to. BnepeA, k no6eAe Forward,

to victory

KABHHET m.

1. study. PaGo^HH KaGnnex. Astudy.

2.:Ka6HHex Bpana. A doctor's con-

sulting-room, a surgery.

KAj^Pbl no sing, cadres

TexHitqecKHC KaApw. Technical

cadres.

KAH«mblfl, -an, -oe, -we

1. every. KajK^biii jieuh. Everyday.

Kamjxyio ueAeJiio mh xo^hm b

xeaxp. We go to the theatre every

week. J]|oBOAHXb KajKôe ;i,ejio AoKOHU,a. To see every fob through.

2. J0ed as n. everyone. 3xo KaJK-

jiuik 3Haex. Everyone knows that.

KAHCETCH paren. word it seems

Oh, Ka>KexcH, npaB. He seems to

be right. KawexcH, oh 6hji aobo-

Jien. He seemed to be pleased.

KASyVTbCH, Ka>Kycb, KaJKenibCH, Ka-

myTCH. imp. / p. noKaaaxbcn, noKa-

>Kycb, noKawenibCH, noKajKyxcfl

1 K e M? u e M? K a K H M? to seem

TopoA MHe noKaaaJiCH oêub

KpacPiBHM. The town seemed very

beautiful to me.

2. impers. to seem. Mne KawexcH,

fl ycneio BLinojiHHXb pa66xy. It

seems to me that I shall manage

to do the work. Mne noKaaaJiocb,

Hxo OH ycxaJi. He looked very

tired to me.

KA3H|flTb, -10, -Hmb, -nx imp. & p.

K o r 6? to execute

KasHHXb npecxynHHKa. To execute

a criminal.

KAK1. adv. how. KaK WHBexe? How

are you getting on? KaK H^yx

ACJia? How are things going? R3Haio, KaK npoexaxb b uenxp. /

know how to get to the centre.

KaK BH CKaaaJiH? What did you

say?

2. conf . like. Ee rJiaaa 6lijih KaK

Mope. Her eyes were like the

sea.

^ KaK 3T0 HH cxpaHHO... However



KAK 53 KAP

strange it may seem... 51 qyBCT-

Bvio ce5fl 3Aecb, KaK ÔMa. /

feel at home here.

KAK-HHBSÂL adv. somehow

Haflo KaK-HH6yflB noMOHb eMy. Wemust help him somehow.

KAK|Ofl, -an, -6e, -ne

1. what, KanaH cer6ji;HH noroâ?

What is the weather like today?

KaKyio MysHKy bh JiroSHxe?

What sort of music do you like?

KaKoe ceroAHH hhcjio? What is

the date today? KaKoii ceroAHfl

fl;eHb HeaeJiH? What day of the

week is today? KaKwe UBexbi bli

xoTHTe KynHTb? What flowers doyou want to buy?

2. what (a). KaKofixopomnH êHbl

What a fine day KaKan Kpaco-

xa What beauty

KAKlOfl (-an, -6e, -ike) -HHBÂb any

ânxe mhc KaKyio-HH6yAb KHiiry.

Give me any book.

KAKlOfl (-an, -de. -He)-TO some

Bac cnparaHBaex KaKoft-xo Mywqii-

Ha. A man is asking for you.

KAK-TO adv. somehow, somewhatTo, Hxo XH cKaaaji, naK-xo hchcho.

What you said is somehow not

clear.

KAJIEH/ÂP|B m,, gen. -A calendar

HacxoJibHHH KaJieHAapb. A desk

calendar. OxpHBHoii KajieHAapb. Atear-off calendar.

KAMEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He stone

1. KaMeHHMH AOM. A stone house.

2. fig. KaMeHHoe cepîê. A heart

of stone.<0> KaMCHHWH yrojib. Coal.

KAMIEHB m., gen. -hh stone

BojibmoH KaMeHb. A large stone.

BpocHXb KaMeHb, To throw a stone.

flparoiieHHbie KaMHH. Precious

stones.

<> HaniJia Koca na KaMeHb (prov-

erb). Cf, Diamond cut diamond.

KAHAJI m. canal

OpocHTeJibHMH Kanaji. An irrigation

canal. Exaxb no KanaJiy. To sail

along a canal.

KAH^^HAAT m.

1. candidate. KaHAHaax b ênyxaxH

BepxoBHoro CoBexa. A candidate

to the Supreme Soviet.

2. candidate. Kan^HAax nayK. Mas-

ter of science.

KAHflKYJIbl no sing, holidays

3HMHHe KaHHKyjiw. Winter holidays.

JlexHHe KaHHKyJiM. Summer hol-

idays. Bo BpeMH KaHHKyji. Dur-

ing the holidays. B KaHHKyJiH ohox^bixaex. He has a rest during his

holidays.

KAnHTAJlfl3M m. capitalism

KAnHTAJIHCTflHECKIHfl, -an, -oe,

-He capitalist

KanHxaJiHcxHHecKHii cxpoii. The

capitalist system.

KAHHTAH m. captain

KannxaH AaJibHero njiaBaHHH. Asea-going captain. Kannxan $yx-

66JibHOH KOMaHflbi. The captain of

a football team.

KAII|JIH /., gen. pi. -ejib

1. drop. Kanjifl jkiiakocxh. A drop

of a liquid. KanJiH ji<dmj\A. Araindrop.

2, no sing, drops. Kynnxb nanjin

B anxeKe. To buy some drops at

a chemist's.

KAnyCTA /., no pi. cabbage

KnJiorpaMM Kanycxw. A kilogramme

of cabbage.

<> KHCJiafl Kanycxa. Sauerkraut.

li[BeTHafl Kanycxa. Cauliflower.

KAPAHAAin m., gen.-§i pencil

IJ,BexHbie KapaHflamH. Coloured pen-

cils. PncoBaxbKapaHAamoM. To draw

with a pencil.

KAPMAH m. pocket

Bbmyxb nJiaxoK H3 KapMana. To

take one's handkerchief out of

one's pocket. noJioHiHXb êHbrn b

KapMaH. To put money in one's

pocket.

<> Oh aa cjiobom b KapMan ne no-

jieacT. He has a ready tongue.

KAPTA /.

1. map. IIoJiHxiiêcKaH Kapxa mh-

pa. A political map of the world.

2. card. Hrpaxb b KapxH. To play

cards.

KAPTflHA /.

1. picture. npeKpacHan KapxHHa.A beautiful picture. XyAOJKHHK

nnmex Kapxiiny. The artist is

painting a picture.

2. fig. scene. KapxHna npHpoAW.

A scene of nature.

KAPTOOEJIB m., no pi. {colloq. Kap-

xomKa) potatoes



KAC 54 KJIA

KACA|TbCH, -locb, -emBCH, -iotch

imp. Koro? Her6?//>. KOCHlyxb-

CH, -ycb, -embCH, -yTca

1. to touch. KocHyTbcH seMJiH py-KOH. To touch the ground with

the hand.

2. fig. to touch upon, to concern.

/l,0KJiaA^HK KocnyjicH Bonpoca o

noJiOJKGHHH B CTpBHe. The speak-

er touched upon the situation in

the country. 3to mghh ne Kaca-

excH. That doesnt concern me.

KACCA /. cash-desk

IIJiaTHTb ;;eHbrH b Kaccy. To pay the

money at the cash-desk.<> CSeperaxejibHaH Ksicca. Savings

hank.

KACTPlOJIfl /. saucepan

KATAlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -iotch

imp. Ha q e M?: KaxaTbCH ua ji6;i;-

Ke. To go boating. KaxaxbCH na

JiuHâx. To go skiing. KaxaxbCfl na

KOHbKax. To go skating.

<> JIi65iimb Kaxaxbcfl — jiio5h hcaHoqKii BOSHTb (proverb). Cf. No

sweet without some sweat.KAÊCTBO neut. quality

KaqecTBO pa66xbi. The quality of

work. EpoAyKUHH BucoKoro Kaêcx-

Ba. High-quality output.

KAniA /. porridge

ManuaH Kama. Semolina pudding.

FpeHHeBan Kama. Buckwheat por-

ridge.

KADIIEJIIj m., gen. -jih cough

y MCHH ciijibHMii KameJib. / have

a bad cough.KAinJIHITb, -K), -enib, -iot to cough

BojibHoH ciiJibHo Kamjinex. The

sick man coughs badly.

KBA/^PATH IblH, -afl, -oe, -ue square

KBaflpaxnafl KOMnaxa. A square

room.

KBAPTAJI m.

1. block, district. Hobmu ropo^CKon

KBapxaJi. A new city district.

2. quarter. B xpexbeM KBapxaJie

3xoro rdâ Spurafla paCoxaJia0XJi«HH0. In the third quarter of

this year the brigade worked very

well.

KBAPTKPA /. flat

TpexKOMuaxHafl KBapxiipa. A three-

room flat.

KHJIOPPAMM m. kilogramme

Ilflxb KHJiorpaMMOB caxapa. Five

kilogrammes of sugar. KaJiorpaMM

Mflca. A kilogramme of meat.

KHJIOMETP m. kilometre

CKOJIbKO KHJIOMexpOB flO TOpOfla?How many kilometres is it to the

town?

KHHO neut., indecl.

1. cinema. Ycnexn khho. The suc-

cess of the cinema.

2. colloq. film. GMOxpexb khho.

To see a film. Tw CMoxpeJi

3X0 KHHO? Have you seen this

film?

3. colloq. cinema. H^xh b khho. To

go to the cinema.KHHOTEATP m. picture palace, cin-

emaB MocKBe MHoro KHHoxeaxpoB? Arethere many cinemas in Moscow?

KHHOOflJIbM m. see OHJIbMKHOCK m. kiosk, news-stand

Fa^XHUH KHOCK. A news-stand.

Kyniixb jKypnaji b khocko. To buy

a magazine at a news-stand.

KHniETb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. -iix, -hx imp. to boilBoâ khhhx. The water is boiling.

Mojioko khhiix. The milk is boiling.

KHPnflH w., gen. -a brick

KflCJIIblS, -an, -oe, -He, short form

KHceji, KHCJia, khcji|o, -h; adv.

KiicJio sour

Kncjioe hCjioko. A sour apple.

<> Kncjiafl Kanycxa. Sauerkraut.

KJIACCi m. class

PadoHHii KJiacc. The working class.

KJIACC2 m.1. grade. VHiixbCH b nepBOM KJiac-

ce. To be in (to be a pupil in)

the first grade.

2. classroom. B uameM KJiacce

OHenb Hiicxo. Our classroom is

very clean.

3. class. Ham KJiacc oqenb flpy)K-

HbiH. We are all friends in our

class.

KJlACCOBIblfi, -an, -oe, -ue class

KJiaccoBan 6opb6^. The class strug-gle. KjiaccoBMe npOXHBOp^HHH.

Class contradictions.

KJIACTb, KJiaAly, -emb, -yx, past

KJiaji, KJiaJi|a, -o, -h imp. Kor6?^ X 0? Ha H X 6?/p. noJioJKiixb, no-

jiowy, HOJiojKHrab, HOJioJKax to

place, to put

Kjiacxb KHHry na cx6ji. To put the



KJIE 55 KOJI

book on the table. IIoJiojKHTb caxap

B nan. To put sugar in the tea.

<» nOJIOHCHTb HanaJIO BOBOMy 36-

jiy. To lay the foundation for some-thing new.

KJIETIKA /., gen. pi. -ok

1. cage. KynHTb KJieiKy ajih hthi^.

To buy a bird cage.

2. squared, check. TeTpaj;b b kjict-

Ky. A squared copy-book. Maxe-piiaJi B KJiexKy. Check material.

3. cell.

<> FpyAHaH KJieTKa. The thorax.

KJIflMAT m. climate

MopcKOH KJiHMaT. A maritime cli-

mate. MHrKHii KJiiiMaT. A mild

climate.

KJiyB m. club

PaSoHHH KJiy6. A workers' club. BKJiySe cer6fl;HH TaHD;bi. There is a

dance at the club today.

KJIK)^ m., gen. -a

1. key. Oh noxepHJi kjiioh ot KBap-

THpM. He has lost the key to his

flat. SanepeTb ji;Bepb na kjiioh.To lock the door.

2. fig. clue

KHflrA /. book

^Hxaxb KHtiry. To read a book.

KHflHClKA /., gen. pi. -eK dim. of

KHHra book.

J]|excKafl KHHJKKa. A children's

book.

<> SanncHafl KHHHfKa. Note-book.

KHflmniblfl, -an, -oe, Lie book

KHiijKHafl nojiKa. A bookshelf.Khiijkhhh mKa(|). A bookcase. Khhjk-

Hbiii MaraaiiH. A bookshop.

KOB|EP m,, gen. -pa carpet

MarKHH KOBep, A soft carpet.

KOrÂ adv.

1. when. Korâ xh npHAerab jio-

Moii? When will you come home?

2. when. H sHaio, kofa^ oh npn-

eêx. / know when he comes. Kor-

jxa KOHHHfflb pa66xy, npHxoAii

KO MHe. Come and see me whenyou have finished your work.

KOrAA-HHBS'J^b adv. some day

KoTjia.-Hii6yji,h xh BcnoMHHmb 06

.^XHX cJioBax. Some day you will

remember these words.

KOrjÂ-TO adv. some time ago

H 6hji xaM Korâ-xo. / was there

some time ago.

KoacA /.

1. skin. KojKa JiHua. The skin of the

face. I^Bex k6>kh. Complexion.

2. leather. HeMoâH h3 k6?kh. Aleather suitcase.

KOHCAHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He leather

Komauum neuojxau. A leather suit-

case. Komanoe Kpecjio. A leather

arm-chair. KojKaHHe xy(|)JiH. Leath-

er shoes.

KOJIBACA /. (luncheon) sausage

KonênaH KOJiSaca. Smoked sausage.

Bapenan K0Ji6aca. Boiled sau-

sage. Byxep6p6A c KOJi6ac6H. Asausage sandwich.

KOJIEBATbCH, KOJie6ji|iocb, -embca,

-lOxcH imp.

1. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to

tremble. JliicxbH êpeBbeB K0Jie6-

jiioxcH ox Bexpa. The leaves of

the trees are trembling in the

wind.

2. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to

fluctuate. Uêuu na ptiHKe KOJieS-

JIIOXCH. The prices on the market

fluctuate.

3. to hesitate. Kojie6axbCH b onen-

Ke HejioBeKa. To hesitate in as-

sessing a person.

KOJIEH|0 neut., pi. -n knees

noca^HTb peGeHKa na kojichh. Toput a child on one's lap. MajibHHK

CHêJi Ha KOJieHHX y Maxepn, The

boy was on his mother's lap. Cxoaxb

Ha KOJieHHX, To be kneeling

KOJIECO neut., pi. KOJieca wheel

KoJieco MamiiHH. A wheel of amachine.

KOJIflHECTBO neut. quantity

KojiMHecxBo BOAM B SacceHHc. The

quantity of water in a swimming-

pool.

KOJIJIEKTflB m. collective body

^pyjKHWH KOJiJieKXHB. A united

collective. Kojijickxhb â6pHKH.

The collective of a factory.

KOJIJIEKTflBHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He

collectiveKoJiJieKXHBHHH AoroBop. A collec-

tive agreement. KojiJieKXiiBHoe xo-

SHHCXBO. A collective farm.

KOJIOHHAJIbHiblH, -an, -oe, -He

colonial

KoJiOHHajiLHHii pejKHM. A colonial

regime. KoJionnaJibHaH noJiHXHKa.

A colonial policy.



KOJI 56 KOH

KOJIOHHH /. colony

HapoAM KOJIOHHH. The peoples of

the colonies.

KOJIOHHA /.1. column. 3aji c Cgjimmh kojioh-

HBMH. A hall with white columns.

2. column. KoJioHHa cnopTCMeHon.A column uf sportsmen.

KOJIX03 m. collective farm

IlepeAOBOH kojixos. A foremost

collective farm. Pa66TaTb b koji-

xoae. To work on a collective farm.

K0JIX03HHK m. collective farmer

KojixosHHKH ySnpaioT ypo>KaH.

The collective farmers are gather-

ing in the harvest.

KOJIX03HlHfl, -an, -oe, -ue of a

collective farm

KoJixosHan c66cTBeHHOCTb. Collec-

tive-farm property.

KOJIblÔ neut., pi. K6JIbâ, KOJiei^,

KOJibqaM, etc.

1. ring. BojiOToe KOJibu;©. A gold

ring.

2. circle. Exaxb no KOJibny. To go

on a train servicing the Circle

Line (in the Moscow underground

railway).

KOMAHAA /. team

OyiSoJibHaH KOMaHâ. A football

team.

KOMAHJ^flP m. commanderKoMaHfl;i4p noJiKa. A regiment com-

mander. KoMaHAiip napiHsaHCKoro

OTpHfla. The commander of a guer-

rilla detachment.

KOMAH/ÎOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT

imp.^ K e M? q e M? to commandKoMaHjtoBaxb apMneii. To commandan army.

KOMBAflH m. combineVrojibHbiii K0M6aHH. A coal miningcombine.

KOMBHHAT m. mill, plant

Oh paSoxaex na 6yMa>KH0M kom6h-Haie. He works at a paper mill.

<> KoMGnnaT SwTOBoro o5cJiyacH-

BaHHH. A personal service establish-

ment.

KOMflCCHH /. commissionIIpHeMHaH KOMPiccHH, A selection

commission. HaGHpaxejibHaH ko-

MHCCHH. An election commission.

KOMHTET m. committee

IêHxpaJibHHH KoMHxex KoMMynnc-xHHecKOH napxHH CoBexcKoro Coio-

3a. The Central Committee of the

Communist Party of the Soviet

Union. HcnojiHUxeJibHHH KOMnxex.

An executive committee.K0MMyHfl3M m., no pi. commu-nism

CxpoHXb KOMMyHPiSM. To buHd com-

munism.

KOMMyHflCT m. CommunistCoK)3 KOMMyHHCXOB. The Union of

Communists . IlapxHH KOMMyHwcxoB.A Communist Party.

KOMMyHHCTflqECKIHfl, -an, -oe,

-ne

1.

communist. KoMMyHHCxiWecKaHnapxHH CoBexcKoro Coroaa. TheCommunist Party of the Soviet

Union.

2. communist. Bpnraaa KOMMyHHC-xiiHecKoro xpyâ. A brigade of

Communist Labour.

KOMHATA /. room

HoBan KOMHaxa. A new room. Gsex-

JiaH KOMHaxa. A bright room. BKOMHaxe xenjio. It is warm in the

room

.

K0Mn03flT0P m. composer

HaBecxHHH KOMnoaiixop. A well-

known composer.

KOMCOMOJI m. the Young Com-munist League

KOMCOMOIJIEI^ m., gen. -JIbâ YoungCommunist Leaguer

Akxiibhwh KOMCOMOJieu;. An active

Young Communist Leaguer. HacxpoHKax paSoxaex mhofo komco-

M6Jibn;eB. Many Young CommunistLeaguers work at the construction

KOMCOMOJIbCKlHn, -an, -oe, -ne

Young Communist League

KoMCOMOJibCKHH 6HJiex. A YcungCommunist League (membership)

card. KoMCOMOJibCKoe co6paHHe. AY.C.L. meeting.

KOHBEPT m. envelope

KyHHXb KOHBepx. To buy an enve-

lope. 3aKJieHXb KOHBepx. To seal an

envelope.

KOH|E^ m., gen. -ni end

KoHen; KHnrn. The end of the book.

<> B KOHi;e KOHiÔB. At last, at

the end. IIojiowHTb KOHeii, qeiwy-

JII160. To put an end to something.

CBO^HTb KOHUU C KOHIâMH. To

make both ends meet.



KOH 57 KOC

KOHEHHO [niH]

1. paren. word certainly. Tbi, ko-

HeHHO, snaemb 06 3T0M . You cer-

tainly know that.

2. particle of course. Tu noHflemt

B KHHO? — KoHCHHo ''Will you

go to the cinema? ''Of course

KOHCEPBIM pi., no sing., gen. -ob

food preserves

OBomHLie KOHCepBti. Canned vege-

tables. MflCHHe KOHCepBH. Canned

meat. Fhi6uue KOHcepBH. Canned

fish.

KOHCTHTyU;HH /. constitution

KOHTPOJIbHIMH, -aH, -oe, -ue con-

trol, test

IlHcaTb KOHxpoJibHyio pa66Ty. To

write a test-paper.

KOHOETA /. sweet

nioKOJiaAHaa Konêxa. A chocolate.

IlHTbCOT rpaMMOB KOHêT. Five

hundred grammes of sweets.

KOHIliEPT m.

1. concert. Konuepi necHH h njific-

KH. A concert of songs and

dances. KoHn;epT xyjiomecT-

BCHHOH CaMOfleHXeJIBHOCTH. Anamateur performers' concert.

2. concerto. KoHiêpx ji^Jifi CKpiinKii

c opKecxpoM. A concerto for

violin and orchestra.

KOHHAlTb, -10, -emt, -lox imp.

qxo? &-\-inf. I p. KonqliixL, -y,

-Hint, -ax

1. to finish. Konquxb 6ecefly. To

finish a conversation. neBHii;a

KOHHHJia nexb. The singer fin-

ished singing.

2. to finish, to graduate. Konnnxb

niKOJiy. To finish school. Koh-

HHXb yHHBepcHxex. To graduate

from the University.

KOHH'AlTtCa, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -ioxch imp. /

p. KOHqJHXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -axcfl to

end

KoHDjepx KOHqaexcfl b 10 âcoB Be-

nepa. The concert ends at 10

o'clock in the evening.

KOHHHTb see KOHHATbKOH^HTBCH see KOHÂTbCflKOHb m., gen. kohh; pi. kohh, ko-

HeH, KOHHM, etc. horse

Exaxb Ha Kone. To ride on horse-

back.

KOHbKfl pi., sing, kohck m., gen.

KOHbKa skates

BeroBBie KOHbK[i. Racing skates.

KaxaxbCH na KOiibKax. To skate.

KOnE|flKA /., gen. pi. -en copeck

(the smallest Russian coin, 1/100 of

a rouble).

OAHa KoneHKa. One copeck. J^Be

KoneHKH. Two copecks. ITflXb ko-

neeK. Five copecks.

KOPABJIIb m., gen. -a ship

BoeHHHH KopaSJib. A warship.

KOPIEHb m., gen. -hh

1. root. KopeHb pacxeHHH. The

root of a plant.

2. root. KopeHb cJioBa. The root

of a word.

3. root. HsBJieHb KBa^paxHMH k6-

peHb H3 HHCJia. To extract the

square root of a number.

O CMOTpexb B KopeHb. To get at

the root (of something).

KOPHJÔP m. corridor, passage

KOPflHHEBIblfl, -an, -oe, -He brownKOPMflTb, KOpMJIiO, KOpMHfflb, KOp-

MHx imp. Koro? h e m? /p. na-

KOpMHXb, HaKOpMJIK), HaKOpMHUIb,

HaKopMHX to feed

Maxb KopMHX peGeHKa cynoM. The

mother gives soup to her child.

KOPOBIKA /., gen. pi. -ok box

Kop65Ka cniweK. A box of matches.

KopoSKa KOH(|)ex. A box of sweets.

KOPOBA /. COWB KOJixoae mhofo KopoB. The col-

lective farm has many cows.

KOPOJI|b m., gen. -a kingKOPOTKIHW, -aH, -oe, -ne, short form

KopoxoK, KopoxKa, KopoxKlo, -h;

adv. KopoxKo; comp. Kopoê short

1. short. KopoxRHH nHA>KaK. Ashort coat. KopoxKaH KypxKa. Ashort jacket.

2. short. KopoxKHii cpoK. A short

time. KopoxKHH paaroBop. Ashort conversation. KopoxKO ox-

BexHXb. To answer briefly.

3. only short form too short. I06Kaeii KopoxKa. The skirt is too short

for her.

KOCMflHECKlHtt, -an, -oe, -ne cos-

mic, space

KocMHHecKoe npocxpancxBo. Space.

KocMHqecKHH KopaSjib. A space-

ship. KocMHHecKHe Jiy^H. Cosmic

rays.



KOC 58 KPE

KOCMOHABT m. cosmonaut

KOCMOC m. cosmos, space

HayHeHHe KocMOca. Studying

space. noJiexH b kocmoc. Spaceflights.

KOCHS^TbCH see KACATbCHKOCTIb /., gen. pi. -en bone

IlepejioM KocTH. A fracture.

KOCTIOM m. suit, costume

GnopTHBHtiH KOCTIOM. A sports cos-

tume. KynuTb KOCTIOM. To buy a

suit.

KOTJIETA /. cutlet, rissole

MHCHwe KOTJieTH.Meat cutlets (ris-

soles). JKapHTb KOTJieTH. To fry

cutlets.

KOTOPIblfl, -an, -oe, -He

1. who, which, fl snaio TOBapnma,

KOTopHH npnexaji h3 JlenHH-

rpafla. / know the comrade who

came from Leningrad.

2. what, which. KoTopHH nac?

What time is it? Tjie Kmira, ko-

Topyio TH o6emaJi? Where is the

book which you promised?KOOE m., indecl., no pi.

1. coffee. nJiaHTai;HH K6(|)e. A cof-

fee plantation.

2. coffee. IIhtl nepHHH K6$e. To

drink black coffee. K6$e c mo-

JiOKOM. White coffee.

KOmiKA /., gen. pi. -eK cat

Hepnan KomKa. A black cat.

KPAH m., prepos. o Kpae & b Kpaio,

Ha Kpaio; pi. Kpan

1. edge. Ha Kpaio cxojia. On the

edge of the table.

2. land. Poj^hoh Kpaa. The native

land. TenJine Kpan. Warm lands.

3. territory. CTaBponoJibCKHH Kpan.

Stavropol territory.

KPAH m.

1. tap. BoônpoBoflHHH npan. Awater tap. OxKpoH Kpan. Turn

the tap on.

2. crane. noffijeMHHH Kpan. A crane.

KPACflBlblfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short

form KpacHB, -a, -o, -h; adu. Kpa-

cHBo beautiful; handsome

KpacHBan fleBymKa. A beautiful

girl. KpacHBaH mccthoctij. Beauti-

ful country. BoKpyr oienb KpacH-

BO. Everything around is very beau-

tiful.

KPAlCHTb, -my, -cnmb, -cht imp.

hto? / p. noKpalcHTb, -uiy, -cnmb,

-cat to paint

KpacHTb noJi. To paint the floor.KPAC|KA /., gen. pi. -ok paint

ToJiySaH KpacKa. Blue paint.

KPACHElTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. /

p. noKpacHe|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot to

turn red; to blush, to flush

H6JI0KH noKpacHeJiH. The apples

turned red. KpacHCTb ot CTHAa. To

blush with shame.

KPACHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

Kpacen, Kpacna, Kpacnlo, -h red

KpacHHH KapaHflam. A red pencil.<> Kpacnafl njiomaflb. Red Square.

KPAICTb, -Ay, -Aemb, -^yT, past npaJi,

-a, -o, -H imp. mo? y Koro?/p. yKpa|CTb, -Ay, -Aemb, -a^t, past

yKpaji, -a, -o, -H to steal

Oh yKpaJi y hhx Aenbrn. He stole

mifhey from them.

KPATKIHH, -an, -oe, -He, short form

KpaTOK, KpaTKa, KpaTKlo, -h; adv.

KpaTKO short, brief, concise

KpaTKHH AOKJiaA. A brief report.

KpaTKHii cjioBapb. A concise dic-

tionary. H 6yAy KpaTOK. /'// be

brief.

KPEMJIlb m., gen. -a the citadel of

an old Russian townMocKOBCKHH KpeMJib. The Moscow

Kremlin.

KPEHKIHR, -an, -oe, -ue, short form

KpenoK, KpeuKa, KpenK|o, -h;

adv. KpeuKo; comp. Kpenê

1. hard. KpeuKHH opex. Hard nut.

2. strong. KpeuKHH opraHH3M. Astrong organism.

3. strong. KpenKoe bhho. Strong

wine. KpeHKHH âa. Strong tea.

<> KpenKHM COH. A sound sleep.

KpenKo enaxb. To sleep soundly.

KPEnHlYTb, -y, -emb, -yT, past

Kpen, -Jia, -jio, -jih imp. Ip. OKpen-

H|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT, past 0Kp6n,

-jia. -JIO,-JIH

togrow stronger

Pe6eH0K OKpen. The child grew

stronger. Kp^nneT APyJKâ MeJKAy

CTpanaMH. The friendship between

countries grows stronger.

KPEC|JIO neut., gen. pi. -eJi armchair

MflFKoe Kpecjio. A soft armchair.

CHA^Tb B Kp6cJie. To sit in an arm-

chair.

I



KPE 59 KTO

KPECTbUHHH m., pi. KpecTbane,

KpecTBHH peasant

KPECTbHHCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -iie peas-

ant

KpecTbflHCKafl ceMtfi. A peasant

family.

KPHBlOH, -an, -oe, -He crooked

KpHsaa JiHHHH. A crooked line.

KpHBafl yjiHiia. A crooked street.

KPflKHyTb see KPH'ÂTbKPHH|ATb, -y, -Hmb, -ax imp.

p. Kpi'iKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to cry,

to shout

KpHHaxb OT 66jih. To cry with

pain. He KpHHiixe na mchh Don'tshout at me

KPOBATb /. bed

Jl|epeBflHHaH KpoBaxb. A wooden

bed. JlejKaxb Ha KponaxH. To lie

on a bed.

KPOBb /., no pi., prepos. b KpoBii

blood

Oh nopeaaJi naJiei^, nonaaajiacb

KpoBb, He cut his finger and blood

appeared.

<>• BopoTbCfl «o nocjieAHefi KanjiHKpoBH. To fight to one's last drop

of blood,

KPOME prep. -\- gen.

1. except. npHOiJiH Bce, KpoMe

o^Horo cxyêHxa. Everybody

came, except one student.

2. besides. KpoMe MenH, npHmjio

ein.e necKOJibKO êjioBeK. A few

people came besides myself.

<> Oh xopomo nrpaex b BOJieHSoji,

a KpoMe Toro oh HenjioxofimaxMaTHCT. He plays volley-ball

well, besides he is not a bad chess-

player.

Kpyr m., pi. -H

1. circle. IIJiomaAb Kpyra, The

area of a circle.

2. circle. Tani^yiontHe oSpaaosajiH

mnpoKHH Kpyr. The dancers

formed a large circle.

<> B Kpyry apyaefi. Among

iriends. B xecHOM Kpyry. Amongfriends.

KPyrJIIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form

Kpyrji, Kpyrjia, Kpyrji|o, -h round

KpyrJiHH cxoJi. A round table.

Kpyrjioe JIH^6. A round face.

<> Kpyrjibifi roff. The whole year

round. Kpyrjibie cvtkh meji

AOH<Ab. It rained round the clock.

KpyrjiWH CHpoxa. A complete or-

phan. Kpyrjibiii otjih^hmk. A pu-

pil with only excellent marks. Kpyr-

jiwS aypaK. An utter fool.

KPyH{|OK m., gen. -Ka circle, society

JlnxepaxypHHH KpyHtoK. A litera-

ry society. KpyJKoK neHHH. A sing-

ing group.

KPyriHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne large

Kpynnoe npej^npnaxHe. A large

enterprise. KpynnaH npoMHraJien-

HOCXb. Large-scale industry.

<> PasMBHaTb KpynHbie Aenbrn.

To change large bank-notes. Kpyn-

HbiS paarOBop. A serious conver-

sation.

KPyT|(3B[, -an, -oe, -He, short form

Kpyx, Kpyxa, Kpyx|o, -h; adv. Kpy-

xo

1. steep. Kpyxafl ropa. A steep

hill.

2. sharp. KpyxoH noBopox noporn.

A sharp turn of the road.

3. fig. sharp. KpyxoH xapanxep.

A sharp temper.

KPblJIO neut., pi. KpHJibH wingKpHJio nxpji^H. The wing of a bird.

KpHJid caMOJiexa. The wing of a

plane.

KPb'IfflA /. roof

}KeJie3HaH KpHraa. A metal roof.

Kptima flOMa. The roof of a house.

KPKimiKA /., gen. pi. -eK lid

KpHfflKa HaHHHKa. The teapot (tea-

kettle) lid.

KCTATH adv. & paren. word by the

way, on the wayKorâ noHflenib b Maraaiin, KCxaxH

3aHji;H Ha no^xy. When you go to

the shop, call at the post-office on

the way. KcxaxH, oh y>Ke npnexaji?

By the way, has he already come?

KTO pron., gen., ace. Koro [KaBo],

dat. KOMy, instr. kbm, prepos. o komwhoKxo npHmeJi? Who has come? Koro

Hex B KJiacce? Who is absent from

the class? KoMy ji;axb KHiiry? Whomshall I give the book to? Koro xh

xaM BHAHHib? Whom do you see

there? KeM xH HCAOBOJieH? Whomare you displeased with? O kom xh^yMaenib? Whom are you thinking

about? H 3Haio, kxo bshji moh cjio-

Bapb. / know who has taken mydictionary.



KTO 60 JUA

KTO-HUByAb pron., gen., ace. Koro^

HHSyAb [KaBO-], dat. KOMy-nnSyAt,

instr. KeM-HH5y;i;b, prepos. o kom-

HH6yAfc somebody, anybodyKT6-HH6yfl;i> npnineji? Has anybody

come? GKaH^H K0My-HH6yAi» 06 3Tom.

Tell somebody about that.

KTO-TO pron., gen., ace. Koro-To [Ka-

b6-], dat. KOMy-TO, instr. kgm-to,

prepos. k6m-to somebody

Kt6-to Bomeji b KOMHaxy, ho oh

He BHAeJi, KTO. Somebody entered

. the room but he could not see who

it was.

KVJlAadv.

whereKyAa TLi HAemb? Where are you

going? HaAO pemHTb, KyAa mhnoeAGM JiexoM. We must decide where

we shall go in the summer.

KVJlA-tmhyJlh adv. somewhere

IIoJio>KH KHHrH KyAa-HH6yAt H

noHAeM. Put the books somewhere

and let's go.

KYAA-TO adv. somewhere

H KyAa-To noJiojKHJi cboh KHiirn.

/ put

mybooks somewhere.

OhKy-

Aa-TO ymeJi. He has gone some-

where.

KYJIAK m., gen. -a fist^

VAapHTb KyjiaKoM no cxojiy. To

strike the table with one's fist.

KyJIbTYPA /.

1. culture. IIcTopHH KyJibTypu.

The history of culture, ênxejib

Kyjibxypm. A cultural worker.

2. crop. 3epH0Bwe Kyjibxypu. Ce-

real crops. TexHiinecKHe Kyjib-

xypti. Technical crops.

3. culture. HeJioBCK SoJibmoii Kyjib-

xypu. A man of great culture.

4.: KyJibxypa nponsBOACXBa. Stan-

dard of production.

KyJIbXyPHlblfl, -aH, -oe, -bie, short

form Kyjibxypen, KyJibxypH|a, -0, -w

1. cultured. KyJibxypnbiH MeJiOBCK.

A cultured man. Ohh neAOCxa-

xoHHO KyjibxypHH. They are not

cultured enough.

2. only complete form cultural.

KyJibxypnue cbh3H. Cultural re-

lations.

KVnAlTbCH, -locb, -efflbCH, -ioxch

imp. to bathe

KynaxbCfl b Mope. To bathe in the

sea.

KynflTb see nOKyflATb

KyPfiTb, Kypio, Kj'pHfflb, Kypnx imp.

qxo?//). noKypnxb, noKypio, no-

Kypnmb, noKypflx to smoke

Kypiixb nannpocu. To smoke ciga-rettes. Bh Kypnxe? Do you smoke?

Kypnxe, noHcajiyncxa. Have a

cigarette, please.

KyPHIÂ /.. pi. KypH1. hen. BeJiaa Kypnua. A white

hen.

2. chicken. JKapenaH KypnHa.Roast chicken. Cyn c KypanieH.

Chicken soup.

KyPC m.

1. course, series. KpaxKHH KypcHCxdpHH. A short history course.

Ilpocjiymaxb Kypc JieKUHH no

JiHxepaxype. To listen to a se-

ries of lectures on literature.

2. year of study. GxyAenx Bxoporo

Kypca. A second-year student. OhfHHXCH Ha xpexbeM Kypce. He is

in his third year. BxopoH Kypc

aaHHMaexcH b ayAHxopnii HOMep

5. The second year students are in

roomNo. 5.

<> BbiTb B Kypce. To be in the

know.

KyC|OK m., gen. -Ka piece

BoJibfflou KycoK cbipa. A large

piece of cheese. KycoK xjieSa. Apiece

of bread. KycoK caxapa. A lump

of sugar.

KyCT m., gen. -a bush

npHxaxbCH B Kycxax. To hide in

the bushes.

KyXIHfl /.,gen. pi. -OHb kitchen

roxoBHXb o6eA Ha Kyxne. To cook

dinner in the kitchen.

KymAITb, -K) (1st pers. rarely used),

-erab, -lox imp, hxo? / />. noKy-

ma|xb, -10, -emb, -lox to eat

Kymanxe, nojKajiyiicxa. Help your-

self.

JI, Ji

JiArEPIb m., pi. -H camp

IlHOHepcKHH jiarepb. A Young Pio-

neers' camp. TypHCTHêcKHH Jia-

repb. A tourist camp.

JlA^HO particle colloq. all right

Mh ceroAHH noHACM b khho? —JIaAHO. Shall we go to the pictures

today? ''All right.''



JIAM 61 JIEC

JIAMOA /. lamp; light

SjieKTpiiHecKaH JiaMoa. An electric

lamp. HacTOJibHafl JiaMna. A desk

lamp. JiaMna b 40 BaxT. A 40-wattlamp. JiaMna Ha 127 bojilt. A127-volt bulb.

JIACKOBlblfl, -aH, -oe, -we, short

form JiacKOB, -a, -o, -u; adv. jiac-

kobo

1. affectionate, kind. JlacKOBan

MaTB. An affectionate mother.

JIacKOBHH B3rJifl;i;. A kind look.

JIacKOBoe JiHUo. A kind face.

JIacKOBO yjiH6aTbCH. To smile

affectionately.2. fig. gentle. JlacKOBtin Bexep.

A gentle wind. JlacKOBoe cojih-

ne. A caressing sun.

<> JIaCKOBOe CJIOBO, «ito BeceHHHH

ACHb (proverb). An endearing word

is like a spring day.

JIEBlblfiL, -an, -oe, -He left

JleBaH pyKa, The left hand (arm).

JleBan nora. The left foot (leg).

MoH fl;oM Ha jieBOH CTopone yjiHn,Li.

My house is on the left side of thestreet.

^

JlErKlHH, -an, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short

form jieroK, Jiernla, -6, -ti; adv,

JierKo; comp. Jierne

1. light. JlerKan cyMKa. A light bag.

2. easy. JlerKaH paSoxa. Easy

work. JlerKaH saAaâ. An easy

task. 3xy Baflany h JierKo pe-

niHJi. / solved that task easily.

3. slight. JlerKHH Mopos. A slight

frost.4. easy. JlerKHii xapanxep. An easy

temper.

<> JlerKdH npoMbimjieHHOCTb. Light

industry. JlerKaH MysbiKa. Light

music, y Hero JierKo na nyme(predic. impers.). He feels light-

hearted.

JIErKOMb'ICJIEHHIblH, -an, -oe, -bie

1. light-headed. JlerKOMLicjieHHbm

HeJioBeK. A light-headed person.

2.light-headed. JlerKOMbicjieHHWHnocxynoK. A light-headed action.

JIEJ^ m., gen. jibâ ice

XopomHH Jie^; Ha KaxKe. Good ice

on the skating-rink. BaJiex na Jihjxy.

Ice-ballet.

JIEJ|HH|Ofl, -an, -oe, -tie

1. iee. Jle^HHaH jôpomKa. An ice

track.

2. fig. icy. JleAHHOH b3tjihjj,. Anicy look. Oh CKaaaJi axo Jie^H-

HMM xohom. He said that icily.

JIEHCjAXb, -y, -Mfflb, -ax imp. rê?1. to lie, to be. Jlewaxb na ^HBane.

To lie on a divan. KHHrn JiejKax

Ha cxojie. The books are on the

table.

2. to lie, to be ill, Jlemaxb b no-

cxeJiH. To lie in bed. Moik xoBa-

pnm y>Ke 2 Mecnita jieHtnx b 6oJib-

HHi;e. My friend has already

been in hospital for two months.

<> y Hero cepj;uie ne jicjkht k

axoH paSoxe. He has a distaste forthis work.

JIE3|Tb, -y, -emb, -yx, past Jies, -Jia,

-Jio, -JiH imp. Ky;i;a?

1. to climb. Jleaxb na AepeBo. To

climb a tree. Jlesxb na ropy. To

climb a mountain.

2. to get. Jleaxb b BOAy. To get

into the water.

3.: Jleaxb b KapMan. To put one's

hand into one's pocket.

<> Jleaxb He b cboc acjio (collog.).Gf. To poke one's nose into other

people's affairs. He Jieaxb sa cjio-

BOM B KapMRH. To havc a ready

tongue.

JIEKAPCTBO neut. medicine

FopbKoe JiCKapcxBo. A bitter medi-

cine. IlpHHHMaxb JienapcxBO. To

take medicine. JIcKapcxBO ox Ka-

mJifl. Cough medicine.

JIEK^HH /. lecture

HnxepeCHan JieKHHH. Aninteresting

lecture. JleKHHfl no MaxcMaxHKe.

A lecture on mathematics, ^nxaxb

(cJiyraaxb) jickuhh. To deliver (to

listen to) lectures. Ha JieKBtHH 6biJio

MHoro Hapofla. There were many

people at the lecture.

JIEHHBlblK, -an, -oe, -we, short form

jieHHB, -a, -0, -h; adv. jichmbo lazy

JleHPiBHH cxyAeHX. A lazy student.

JleHHBo pa66xaxb. To work lazily.

JIEHTA /. ribbonToJiySan Jienxa. A pale blue ribbon.

JIEC m., prepos. o Jiece & b Jiecy; pi.

jieca wood, forest

TycxoH Jiec. A dense forest. MmAOJiro ryjiHJiH no oceHHCMy Jiecy.

We walked in the autumn forest

for a long time. Ha xeppHXopHH

CCCP ecxb H jiHcxBeHHwe h xBOHHwe



JlEC 62 JiHq

jieca. There are deciduous and

coniferous forests on the territory of

the USSR.JIECTUHIÂ /. staircase

niHpoKaH JiecTHHiâ. A broad stair-

case. IIoAHHTbCfl no JiecTHHi5e. Togo up the stairs. 3x3 JIeCTHHâ

Be;i;eT na BTopoH axam. This stair-

case leads to the first floor.

JIETA|Tb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp. to fly

IItijiiu JiexaioT. Birds fly. GaMOJie-

TH H3 MOCKBM jieiaioT B JleHHHrpflifl

KajK/tMH neuh. Planes fly from Mos-cow to Leningrad every day.

JIE|T£Tb, -Hy, -Tiifflb, -THT imp. to

Hy1. to fly. 3tot caMOJiex jiexiiT b

MocKBy. That plane is flying to

Moscow. nxHi];w Jiexax na ror.

The birds are flying to the south.

2. fig. to fly. Bwcxpo JiexHX Bpe-

MH. Time flies.

JIETHlHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne

1. summer. JlexnnH jieuh. A sum-

mer day.

2. summer. JTexnee njiaxbe, najib-

x6. A summer dress, overcoat.

3. summer. JlexHne KanHKyjiLi.

Summer holidays.

JIETO neut., no pi. summer>KapKoe cyxoe Jiexo. A dry hot

summer. HpoBecxH jiexo ua Mope,

Ha ji,a.ne. To spend the summer at

the seaside, in the country.

JIETOM adv. in summerJlexoM fl oxfl.Mxaio na Mope. In

summer I rest at the seaside.

JIETHHK m. flyer

O noABHre JiexHHKa MapecbeBa

3Haex Becb Mnp. The whole world

knows about the flyer Maresyev's

feat.

JIE^flTb, Jie^y, jiennmb, Jieiax imp.

Kor6? Hxo? ox Hero? He M?/p. BMJienjHXb, -y, nmb, -ax to

treat

Bpan JieHHx SoJibuoro ox rpnnna.

The doctor is treating the patient for

the 'flu.

JIEHb see JIOHCflTbCH

JIH particle whether

He xoxHxe jih bh nonxn b xeaxp?

Don't you want to go to the theatre?

Ecxb JIH y Bac axa KHnra? Have

you got that book? Oh cnpocnji, (ne)

noHfly JIH fl ceroAHfl b SnGjiHoxcKy.

He asked whether I should go to

the library today.

JIHHfilflKA /., gen. pi. -CK

1. ruler.

2. line. TexpaAt b jiHHCHKy. Aruled copy-book.

JlfiHHH /.

1. line. IIpHMafl jihhhh. A straight

line. KpHBafl jihhhh. A curved

line. IlapaJiJiejibHHe jiiiHHn.

Parallel lines.

2. fig. policy. JIhhhh napxHH. The

policy of a party.

JIHCT^ m., pi. jiHcxbH, JiifcxbCB leaf

OceHHHe JEHCXbfl. Autumn leaves.

JlHCXbH B ca^y no>KejixeJ[H. The

leaves in the garden have turned

yellow.

JIHCT^ m., pi. JiHcxw, JiHCxoB sheet

JIhcx 6yMarH. A sheet of paper.

JIhcx wejiesa. A sheet of iron.

JIHTEÂTyPA /.

1. literature. CoBexcKan Jinxepaxy-

pa. Soviet literature. Apa6cKaH

jiHxepaxypa. Arabic literature.

HsyH^xb JiHxepaxypy. To study

literature.

2. literature. Jlnxepaxypa no axoMy

Bonpocy. The literature on this

subject.

JlHTEPAXyPHlblfl, -an, -oe, -we liter-

ary

JlHxepaxypHHH hsmk. The literary

language'. Jlnxepax^pnoe npoHSBe-

ABHHe. A work of literature. Jlnie-

paxypuHH KpyHtoK. A literary so-

ciety.

JIHTb, Jib|io, -emb, -lox; imper. Jienl

jieHxel imp. h x o? to pour

JiHXb BoAy B cxaKan. To pour water

into the glass.

<> AoJKAb JibCT KaK n3 BeApa. It

is raining cats and dogs.

JIHU;0 neut., pi. Jiiina face

1. face. BjieAHoe jihho. A pale

face. PyMHHoe jihho.^ A rosy

face, no ee Jinny xeKyx cJieau.

Tears are streaming down her

cheeks^ m

2. face. Oh cxohji JinnoM k oKHy. fl

He stood with his face turned to

the window.

<> FoBopHTb B Jieuo hto-jihSg ko-

My-JiH6o. To say something to

somebody's face. BwcTynaxb or

jiaua Kor6-JiH6o. To speak on



JIHH 63 jiy»i

I

somebody's behalf. Ha hcm jih-

iia Hex He looks awful

JIflHII|bIfl, -aH, -oe, -He personal,

private

JlHHHaH c66cTBeHH0CTb. Personal

property. JIPiHHoe êJio. One's pri-

vate business.

JIflfflfllHfl, -HH, -ee, -He

1. extra, spare. Hex jih y Bac

jiHfflHero 6iiJieTa? Have you got

a spare ticket?

2. unnecessary. 3th Benin JiiiniHHe,

fl He B03bMy HX c co66h. These

things are unnecessary; I won't

take them with me.

JIOB m., gen. Ji6a forehead

BticoKHH Jio6. A high forehead.

HIT3KHH Jio6. A low forehead.

JIOBflTb, JIOBJIK), JIOBHmb, JIOBHT

imp. K r 6? H T 0? hcm?//). hoh-

MalTb, -10, -enib, -iot

1. to catch, IIoHMaTb mah. To catch

the ball.

2. to catch. JIoBHTb pH6y cexbio,

yÔHKOH. To catch fish with a

net, fishing-rod. JIobhtb nxnn;.

To catch birds.

3. fig. to catch, to devour. JIobiitb

B3rJifl;i;. To catch somebody's eye.

JIoBHTb CJiOBa. To devour every

word.

<> JIoBHTb Ha cJiOBe. To take some-

body at his word. Oh noiiMaji ceSn

Ha MucjiH, ^TO ayMaex o neii. Hecaught himself thinking about

her.

JI0BK|HB[, -aH, -oe, -ne, short form

JiOBOK, JioBKa, jiobkIo, -h; adv. jiob-

KO

1. agile. JIoBKHH cnopxcMeH. Anagile sportsman.

2. adroit. JIobkhh npHjKOK. Anadroit jump. MaJibHHK jiobko

BJiea Ha Aepeno. The boy climbed

the tree adroitly.

JIOAlKA /., gen. pi. -ok boat

B Jioj^HQ Shjio xpn êJiOBena. There

were three people in the boat. Ka-

xaxbCH Ha JioAKe. To go boating.

JIOHClflTbCH, -ycb, -nnibCH, -axcn

imp. Kyâ? / p. Jie^b, Jifllry,

->Kenib, -ryx, past Jier, Jierji|a, -6,

-h; imper. jiar JiHrxe to lie

fl Jier Ha ^HBan. / lay down on the

divan, fl pano Jiowycb cnaxb. / go

to bed early.

JI05K|KA /., gen. pi. -en spoon

GxoJioBbie H âHHwe ji6>kkh. Ta-

blespoons and teaspoons. IIpHHHMaTb

jieKapcxBo no ctojioboh JioJKKe xpn

paaa b Aeub. To take a tablespoon

of medicine three times a day.

JIOMA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. h x o? /

p. cji0Ma|xb, -K), -enib, -lox

1. to break. CjioMaxb najiny. Tobreak a stick. PeSenoK JioMaex

HrpymKH. The child breaks its

toys

2. fig.: Oh floJiro JiOMaJi rojiosy

uaA xpy/i,HOH saAaneH. He cudg-

elled his brains over the diffi-

cult problem for a long time.

JIOMAlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch imp. /

p. cjiOMa|xbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -exCH, -lOXCH to

break

MeJi JiOMaexcH. The chalk crum-

bles. Eepo CJioMaJiocb. The nib has

broken.

JIOniA/tb /., gen. pi. Jiomajêu, instr.

JiomaAbMH horsePaSonan JidmaAi>. A draught horse.

EsAHXb na JioraaAH. To ride a

horse

JiyK m., no pi. onion(s)

SeJieHHH JiyK. Spring onions. Mh-

co c JiYKOM. Meat with onions.

JIYHA /.* moonHa He6e noûHJiacb MOJioân Jiyna.

A new moon rose in the sky. Co-

BexcKHe yqeuHe c$OTorpa{|)MpoBaJiH

o6paxHyio cxopony Jlynu. Soviet

scientists photographed the reverse

side of the Moon.

JIYH m., gen. -a ray, beamJTyHH coJiHua. Sunbeams.

JlSHWLE1. comp. of adj. xopomnu better.

Tboh pncynoK jiyqme, êM moh.

Your drawing is better than mine

.

2. comp. of adv. xopomo better,

nnmnxe jiyqme Write more

carefully

predic. impers. BoJibHOMy cxaJio

Jiynme. The sick man felt better.

3. particle rather. Mne He xoêxcH

njijii B xeaxp, hohagm Jiynme

B KHHO. / don't want to go to

the theatre, let's rather go to the

cinema.



jiyn 64 MAJI

<> CTapbiil Apyr jiyqme hoblix

flBVX (proverb). An old friend

is better than two new ones.

Jlyqme nosAHO, hgm HHKorAa.

Better late than never. JlyimeBcero. Best of all. KaK m6h{ho

Jiyqme. As best as one can.

JI^HiniHfl, -an, -ee, -ne superl. of

xopomnii the best

9to Jiyninee 3AaHHe b ropofle. This

is the best building in the city.

3x0 Jiy^fflHii cxyAeHx naineH rpyn-

ntr. He is the best student in our

group. 9xa KHtira — Jiyqmee npoH3-

BCAeHHe axoro nncaxejiH. This book

is the best work of this writer.

JII>I>KIT pi., sing. JibiHta skis

CJiOMaxL JiHJKH. To break one's skis.

Ouii JiiooHx X0A»Tb Ha JiH>Kax.

They like to go skiing. Ka?KAoe

BocKpeceHbe mw KaxaeMca Ha jim-

>Kax. Every Sunday we go skiing.

.lK)BHM|blH, -aH, -oe, ue

1. beloved, favourite. JIio6riMafl fle-

ByniKa. One's beloved girl. JIio-

oHMtiH cwH. One's favourite son.

2. beloved, favourite. JIio6hmhiiropoA. One's beloved city. JlioSii-

MLiri HHcaxeJib. One's favourite

writer. JIio6HMaH KHiira. One's

favourite book. JIio6HMoe 6jik)ao.

One's favourite dish.

JIIOBHTb, jiio6jii6, JnoSunib, jik)6hx

imp. K r 6? q X 0? or ~\- inf. /

p. nojiK)6HXb, nojiio6jii6, noJuoSnmb,

nOJHOOHT

1. to love. JlK)5HXb poAHHy. To

love one's country. JIiodnTb Maxb.To love one's mother. IlojiioSiixb

AeBymKy. To fall in love with a

girl. JlioSrixb jiHxepaxypy, pa66-

xy. To love literature, work.

2. to like. H jiioSjipo nrpaxb na

poHJie. / like to play the piano.

JIK)B|OBATLCH, -yiocb, yembCH,

-yioxcH imp. k e m? h e m? / />. no-

Jiio6|oBaxbcH, -yiocb, -yeiubCH,

-yioxcH to admire

JlloGOBaXbGH BOCXOAOM COJIHLta. Toadmire the sunrise. JlK)6oBaxbCH

peSeHKOM. To admire a child.

JIIOBOBb /., gen. jiioSbh, instr. Jiio-

SoBbK) K KOMy? K HCMy? love

ITepBafl JiioSoBb. One's first love.

CqacxJiHBafl JiioSoBb. A happy love.

Heciacxnafl JiroSoBb, An unhappy

love. JIioSoBb K poAHHe, k jiioahm,

K AGTHM, K pa56xe, K HayKe. Love of

one's country, of people, of children,

of work, of science. Oh c JiioCoBbK)

CACJiaJi 3xy Ben;b. He made this

thing with enthusiasm.

JIK)B|Ofl, -aH, -6e, -tie

1. any. IIpHxoAHTe ko mhc b jiio-

66e BpeMH. Come to see me at

any time. Oh 6liji roxoB bmooji-

HflXb jiK)5yio pa66xy. He was

ready to do any work.

2. used as n. anyone. JlioSoii saw

CKaJKex, TAe naxoAHxcH Mexpo.

Anyone will tell you where the

underground station is.

JIK)BOnb'ITH|bin, -aa, -oe, -Me

1. curious, JIioGonbixHLiM neJioBeK.

A curious person.

2. fig. inquisitive. JIioSonwxHLiH

BsrJiHA. An inquisitive eye.

JlK)Jl,H pi., gen., ace. jik)a6h, dat.

JiiS^flM, instr. jiiOAbMH, prepos. o

jiiOAHx; sing. nejioBeK m. people

M, M

MArA3HH m. shop

IIpOAOBOJIbCXBeHHHH MarasHH. Afood shop. KoHAHxepcKHH Maraaiin.

A confectionery. yHHBepcaJibHHii

MaraauH. A department store. Ky-ni'ixb npoAynxLi b MarasHHe. Tobuy foodstuffs at a shop.

MAfl ni. MayTenjibiii Man. A warm May. H po-

AHJiCH B Mae. / was born in May.MAJI, -a, -6, -hi short adj. (cf.

MAJIEHbKHfl) too small

3xH 5oximKH cxaJiH Majibi Majib^H-

Ky. These boots have become too

small for the boy.

MAJIEHbKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short

form Maji, MaJia, MaJio, Majibi; comp.

MeHbme (q. v.)

1. small. MajieHbKaH KOMHaxa. Asmall room. HeJioBCK MajieHLKo-

ro pocxa. A short man.2. little. MaJieHbKHe acth. Little

children. Tm eme Maji. You are

too young yet.

MAJIO adv., comp. MeHbme (q. v.) little

Oh MaJio roBopnx, ho mhofo Ae-

Jiaex. He says little, but he does a

lot. Oh eJi Majio Maca. He ate little



MAJI 65 MEJJ,

meat. Ha CTenax BHceno Majio

KapiHH. There were few pictures on

the walls.

MAJIBHHK m. boy

BocnHTaHHHH MajibHHK. A well-

bred boy. MaJibHHK cbmh Jiex. Aseven-year-old boy.

MAMA /. mummyMAPIKA /., gen. pi. -oK postage

stamp

HoHToBaH MapKa. A postage stamp.

KoJiJiGKitHfl MapoK. A collection of

stamps. HaKJieHTb MapKy. To stick

a stamp.

MAPT m. March

B Mapxe HaHHHaeT TaaTL cner. InMarch the snow begins to thaw.

MACJIO neut., no pi.

1. butter. CJiHBo^Hoe MacJio. But-

ter. XJieS c MacjioM. Bread and

butter.

2. oil. IIoAcoJiHe^Hoe MacJio. Sun-

flower-seed oil.

MACTEP m., pi. -a

1.: HacoBOH Macxep. A watchmaker.

2.: TypreneB — saMeHaxeJibUHn

MacTep nenaajKa. Turgenev is

extremely skilful in portraying

nature.

3. foreman. Macxep b nexe. The

foreman in a shop.

4. master. Macxep cnopxa. A rnas-

ter of sport.

<> Macxep na Bce pyKH. Jack-of-

all-trades.

MACTEPCK|AH /., gen. oh

1. repairshop.

MacxepcKanno pe-

MOHxy nacoB. A watch repair

shop. PaSoxaxb b MexannHecKOH

MacxepcKOH. To work at a ma-

chine shop.

2. studio. MacxepcKafl xyAOJKHHKa.

An artist's studio.

MATEMATHKA /., no pi. mathemat-

ics

BticmaH MaxeiviaxHKa. Higher mathe-

matics. 3K3aMeH no MaxeMaxHKe.

An examination in mathematics.Hayqaxb MaxeMaxHKy. To study

mathematics.

MATEPHAJI m.

1. material. Maxepnaji j^jia ^Hccep-

xan;HH. Material for one's thesis.

GoSnpaxb MaxepnajiM o jkh3hh

HseecxHoro nncaxeJifl. To col-

5—4002

lect material on the life of a

well-known writer.

2. material. Maxepnaji na kocxiom.

Material for a suit. lUeJiKOBHiH

Maxepnaji, Silk material.MATPOC m. deckhand, sailor, seaman

GMeJiHH Maxpoc. A brave seaman.

GjiyjKHXb MaxpocoM na KopaSjie.

To serve as a deckhand on a ship.

MATb /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn,

instr. Maxepbio; pi. Maxepn, Maxe-

pen, etc. mother

JlK)6HMaH Maxb. One's beloved moth-

er, y Maxepn ^Boe êxen. The

mother has two children.

<> Po^HHa-Maxb. Mother country.MAXATb, Mamy, Mamemb, Marayx or

colloq. Maxalio, -emb, -lox imp. k o-

M y? H e M?/p. MaxHJyxb, -y, -emb,

-yx to Wave, to flap

Maxaxb njiaxKoM na npomaHbe.

To wave good-bye with one's handker-

chief. Maxaxb pyKon xoBapnmy.To wave one's hand to a friend.

nxHn;a Mamex KpwJibHMH, The bird

is flapping its wings.

MAXHYTb see MAXATbMAmflHA /.

1. machine, engine. IlapoBaH Ma-

mnna. A steam engine. CejibCKO-

X03flHcxBeHHafl Maraima. Anagricultural machine. ElBenHafl

Mamnna. A sewing machine.

2. motor-car. JlerKOBan Mamiina.

A passenger-car. FpysoBafl Ma-

mnna. A lorry. Exaxb na Mamri-

ne. To ride in a car.

MEBEJIb /., no pi. furnitureMarKan MeSeJib. Upholstered furni-

ture. Kymixb noByio MeSeJib. To

buy new furniture.

MEJi;AJIb /. medal

HarpaHtASTb MeâJibio. To award a

medal. OKomnxb mKOJiy c sojio-

xoH Me;;aJibio. To get a gold medal

on leaving school. GnopxcMen

aasoeBaJi Meâjib. The sportsman

won a medal.

MEfl;BE/Jb m. bearBeJiHH MCABeAb. A polar bear.

MEJ^Waj&UA /., no pi. medicine

(science)

MEAHqflHCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne med-

ical

Meflnn;HHCKHH HHCxnxyx, A medi-

cal institute.



MEA 66 MEP

MEAJIEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv.

MGAJieHHO slow

MeAJicHHHH Bajibc. A slow waltz.

FoBopHTb MGA'fieHHO. To Speak slow-

ly. Pa6oTaTi> MGAJieHHO. To work

slowly.

MEJKAy prep. + instr. between

Me>KAy mKa(|)OM h nMCbMeHHWM

CTOJioM CTOHJio KpccJio. There was

an armchair between the bookcase

and the desk. 3to npoH3oniJi6

MCJKAY 1942 H 1945 roAOM. That

happened between 1942 and 1945.

Jâ sApaBCTByex Mnp ii APy?K6a

MejKAY HapoAaMHl Long live peace

and friendship between peoples

<> MewAy npoiHM. By the way.

MeacAy HaMH. Between ourselves.

Me>KAy HaMH roBopa. Strictly be-

tween you and me.

MESKAyHAPOAHlblH, an, -oe, -ue

international

MeHÂynapoAHLie OTHoraenHH. Inter-

national relations. MejKAyHapoAHaH

oSciaHOBKa. The international situ-

ation.

MEJIKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. MeJiKo;

comp. MeJiLê

1. small. MeJiKan pw6a. Small

fish.

2. small. MeJiKan Moneia. Small

change.

3. flat. MeJiKaa lapeJiKa. A flat

plate.

4. petty. MeJiKaa 6ypjKya3HH. Petty

bourgeoisie.

5. narrow. MeJiime HHxepecti. Nar-

row interests.

6. shallow. 3Aecb mcjiko. IVs

shallow here.

MEJIOH|b /., gen. pi. -m1. no pi. change. B MarasMne Mne

AaJiH CAaîy MeJio^bio. They gave

me the change in small coins in the

shop.

2. trifle. Oh aaHnMaeiCH KaKWMH-

TO MeJioâMH. He is busy with

some trifles. MeJiOHH >kh3Hh.

The trifles of life. 3x0 mcjiohh.

These are trifles.

MEHEE adv. less

KaxaxbCH na Jitiwax ne Meeee hh-

xepecHo, qeM KaxaxbCH na KonbKax.

Skiing is no less interesting than

skating.

<> TeM He Menee. Nevertheless.

MEHbinE1. comp. of adj. MajieHbKHii small-

er. Tboh KOMHaxa Meebme mo^h.

Your room is smaller than

mine.

2. comp. of adv. Majio less. Tu 3a-

HHMaembCH M^Hbme, neM naAO.

You spend less time on your

studies than you ought to.

MEHbmHHCTBO neut. minority

BojibmHHcxBo Ha coSpaHHH roJio-

coBajio «3a», MeHbmHHCXBo — «np6-

xnB». The majority at the meeting

voted for, and the minority voted

against.

MEHfllTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp.

1. qCM? C K e M? p. 05MeHflIXbCH,

-HDCb, -embCH, -IOXCH to exchange.

MeHHXbCH MapKaMH c xoBa-

pHmeM. To exchange postage

stamps with a friend. 05MeHflXb-

^H MneHHHMH. To exchange opin-

ions.

2. p. H3MeHHXbCH, H3MeHK)Cb, HSMe-

mirabCH, H3MeHflxcH to change.

rioroAa mchhcxch. The weather

is changing. Hacxpoenne mc-

HHexcH, The mood is changing.

IIoroAa pesKO nsMennjiacb. Theweather has changed sharply.

MEPA /.

1. measure. Mepbi a-JIHhli. Measures

of length. MepH Beca. Measures

of weight.

2. usu. pi. measures. PemnxeJibHHe

Mepu. Decisive measures. Jlpn-

HHXb MepLi. To take measures. 3xa

Mepa ne noMorJia. This measure

didn't help.

<> 3to HeHHTepecHO, ho no Kpaii-

Hcii Mepe nojieano. This is not

interesting but at least it is

useful.

MEP3H|yTb, -y, -emb, -yx, past Mepa,

-Jia, -Jio, -JiH imp./p. 3aMep3Hlyxb,

-y, -emb, -yx, past 3aMep3, -Jia,

-jio, -JIH to freeze

y MenH 3aMep3JiH pymi. My hands

are frozen. 3hm6h h BcerAa Mepa-

Hy. / always feel cold in winter.

MEPjHTb, -K», -nmb, -hx imp. q x o?/

p. noMepInxb, -lo, -nmb, -hx {or

npHMepnxb) to try on

Mepnxb KOCXiOM. To try on a suit.

IIoMepHxb xy(J)JiH. To try on shoes.



MEP 67 MEin

M£PTB|bIII, -an, -oe, -He dead

MepxBoe tcjio. A dead body.

<> MepxBafl TnmHHa. Dead silence.

Cnaxb MepxBbiM chom. To sleep

like a log.

MECTHIWfl, -an, -oe, -He local

MecTHHe o6HHaH. Local customs.

MecTHHe minejin noKasajin xypnc-

TaM jôpory. The local inhabitants

showed the tourists the way.

MECT|0 neut., pi. -a, mcct, -aM, etc.

1. seat. 3to mccto cbo66;iho?

Is this seat vacant? 3x0 Mecxo

saHflxo. This seat is taken. Vcxy-

DHXB Mecxo weHiDiHHe. To offer

one's seat to a woman. Bcxaxb cMecxa. To stand up.

2. place, spot. JKHBonHCHoe Mecxo,

A picturesque spot.

<> 3to ero 6ojibn6e Mecxo. This

is his sore spot.

MECflli; m. monthSHMHHe MecHDiH. Winter months.

5 Mecflii;eB uadaji. 6 months ago.

B KaKOM Mecfli];e bbi poAHJiiicb? In

which month were you born?

METAJIJI m. metalêpHHe MexajiJiH. Ferrous metals.

I^BexHHe MexaJiJiH. Non-ferrous

metals.

METAJlJIflHECKIHIl, -aH, -oe, -ne

metal

METAJIJiyprflHECKlHH, -aH,-oe,-He

metallurgical

MexaJiJiyprHêcKHH saBOA. A metal-

lurgical plant. MexaJiJiyprwHecKan

npoMbimjieHHOcxb. The metallurgi-

cal industry.

WEsTOJl m. method

j3,HaJieKXHHecKHH MexoA. The dia-

lectical method. HpaBHJibHHH Mexo^.

The correct method. IIpHMeHHXb h6-

BHe Mexo^H, To use new methods.

IIoJibBOBaxbCH MexoÔM. To employ

a method.

METP m. metre

KBaj^paxHHH MCxp. A square metre.

KySHHecKHH Mexp. A cubic metre.

5 MexpoB Maxepnajia. 5 metres of

material.

METPO neut., indecl. underground rail-

wayGxIhi^hh Mexpo. An underground

station. Exaxb na Mexpo. To go by

the underground. KaK npoHxii k

5*

Mexpo? What's the way to the

underground station?

MEX m., prepos. o Mexe & na Mexy;pi. -a fur

JIhchh Mex. Fox fur. IlymHCXHHMex. Soft fur.

MEXAHH3AI^HH /., no pi. mechani-

sation

Mexamisai^Hfl xpyâ. The mechani-

sation of labour. MexaHHsai^HH npo-

n;eccoB nponsBoflCXBa. The mechani-

sation of the production processes

MEXAHH3flP|0BATb, -yro, -yemb,

-yiox imp. & p. hxo? to mechanise

MexaHH3HpoBaxb xpy^. To mecha-

nise labour. MexanHanpoBaxb ceJib-CKoe X03HHCXB0. To mechanise ag-

riculture.

MEXAHHK m. mechanic

B iêxe paSoxaJi cxapHH MexannK.

An old mechanic worked in the shop.

JleXHHK OHCHb JtpyjKHJI CO CBOHM

MexaHHKOM. The flyer was on very

friendly terms with his mechanic.

MEXAHflÊCKinn, -an, -oe, -ne

1. of mechanics. MexaniiHecKHe 3a-

KOHbi. Laws of mechanics.2. mechanics. MexauMqecKHH â-

Kyjibxex. The mechanics depart-

ment.

3. mechanical. MexannqecKaH ciiJia.

Mechanical strength.

MEXOBlOfl, -an, -de, -Lie fur

MexoBoe naJibxo. A fur coat. Mexo-

Ban mauKa. A fur cap.

MEMTA /., gen. pi. not used dream

Me^xLi 6yAyn];eM. Dreams of the

future. Menxbi o cnacxbe. Dreamsof happiness. MeHxa Been >kh3hh.

The dream of one's whole life.

OcymecxBHXb cbok) Me^xy. To ac-

complish one's dream. Me^XH c6h-

Jir'fCb. One's dreams have come true.

MEHTA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. o

K 6 M? H e M? to dream

Me^xaxb o CHacxbe. To dream of

happiness. Menxaxb o nyxemecx-

BHHX. To dream about travelling.

MEIHAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. k o-M y? H e M y? + i^f- I P- noMema|xb,

-10, -erab, -lox to prevent, to hinder

Pa^Ho Memajio cxyênxy sauHMaxb-

CH. The radio prevented the student

from studying.

MEIIIIOK m., gen. -Ka sack

MemoK MyKH. A sack of flour.



MHJI 68 MHO

^ KynHTfa Koxa b MemKe (prov-

erb). Cf. To buy a pig in a poke.

MHJIMUHOHfiP m. militiaman

06paTi'iTbCH K MHJiHi;HOHepy. To

ask a militiaman.

MflJI|blQ, -an, -oe, -we, short form

MHJI, MHJia, MHJi|o, -u iiice

MiiJiafl AesyfflKa. A nice girl. Mii-

Jioe JiHqo. A nice face.

<> C MHjiLiM pau u B majiame(proverb), Cf. Love in a cottage.

MflMO1. adv. by. IIpoHTH mhmo. To pass by.

2. prep. + gen. past. Uoesji npoexaJi

MIIMO CTaHn,HH H HC OCTaHOBIIJICH,

The train went past the station

without stopping.

MHHHCTEPCTBO neut. ministry

MHHHCiepcTBo 4>HHaHC0B. The Min-

istry of Finance. MnniicTepcTBO

HHOCxpaHHtix jêji. The Ministry of

Foreign Affairs.

MHHflCTP m. minister

BoeHHtiH MnHHCxp. The War Min-

ister. Mhhhctp (|)HHaHCOB. The

Minister for Finance. Mhhhctp

Bucmero o6pa30BaHHH. The Minis-

ter of Higher Education. IlpeMbep-

MHHHCip. The Prime Minister. Co-

Bex MHHHCxpoB. The Council of

Ministers. npeAccAaxejib coBexa mh-

HHCxpoB. The Chairman of the Coun-

cil of Ministers.

MHHytA /. minute

niecTbjiecHX MHHVX. Sixty minutes.

GeHâc HexHpe MHHyxH Bxopoio.

It is four minutes past one. Genqac

6e3 jêcHXii Mnnyx ;i;Ba. It is ten

minutes to two.

<> IIpuxoAHTe K HaM B CBo66aHyio

MoeyTy. Come and see us any time

you can. Cmo MHHyTy. Just a

minute.

MHPi m.

1. no pi. universe. TeopHH o npo-

HCXojKAeHHH MPipa. /4 theory on

the origin of the universe.

2. world, ^pyrae Mnpw. Other

worlds.

3. no pi. world. Oh o6'i>e3AHJi Becb

MHp. He travelled all over the

world. riepBHH B MHpe. The first

in the world. Becb MHp. The

whole world.

MHP2 m., no pi. peace

BoHHa H MHp. War and peace.

AxoM AJIH MHpa. Atom for peace.

Mnpy MHpl Peace to the world

3aKJiK)HHXb MHp. To concludc peace.

noAUHcaxb MHP To sign a peace

treaty.

MflPHblft, an, oe, -ue adj. of MHpa1. peace. Mnpnue oxHomeHHH. Peace-

ful relations.

2. peace, peaceful. Mnpnoe BpeMH.Peace time. Mhphhh xpy^. Peace-

ful labour. Mupnoe cxpoH-

xejibcxBO. Peaceful construction.

3.: Mhphlih ôroBop. A peace

treaty. MnpHHe neperoBopu.

Peace talks.

MHPOB|0fl, -an, -6e, -tie adj. of

MHPiMHpoBafl BOHHa. World War. Mh-poBoH pwHOK. World market. Mh-poBSH cJiaBa. World fame. IlHca-

xejib c MHpoBMM HMCHeM. A world-

famous writer.

MHPOJIIOBflBILlH, -an, -oe, -we peace-

ful'

MnpojiiooiiBafl nojiHXHKa. Peaceful

policy. MnpojnoGiiBHe napoAM- Peace-

loving nations.

MtlTHHr m. meeting, rally

MwTHHr npoxecxa. A meeting of

protest. MtixHHr b noAAepJKKy... Arally in support of... Mhxhhf b aa-

miixy Koro/îero-JiHSo. A meeting

in defence of somebody Isomething.

BbicxyHHXb Ha MnxHHre c pe^bio.

To make a speech at a meeting.

MJIAflmiHn, -an, ee, -ne younger

MJiaATUHH 6paT. A younger (the

youngest) brother. MJiaamafl cecxpa.

A younger sister.

MHEHHE neut. opinion

CaMOcxoffxeJibHoe Mnenue. An inde-

pendent opinion. Flo .MOCMy wne

HHK). In my opinion. BbiCKasaxb

MHeHHe. To give an opinion Paa-

Aejifixb qbe-JiH6o MHenne. To share

somebody's opinion. 06MeHflXbCH

MHeHHHMH. To exchange opinions.

Bbixb BbicoKoro (neBHCOKoro, xo-

pomero, nJioxoro) MHennn o hcjio-

B^Ke (o KHHre). To think highly

{not much, much, bad) of a man

(of a book).

MHOrnE1. followed by n. in pi. many. MHorHO

cxpaHH. Many countries.

2. used as n. many. MHorne aaHHMa-



MHO MOP

K)TCH cnopTOM. Many people go in

for sport.

MHOrO adv., comp. 66jibine (q. v.)

1. a lot. Mnoro pa66TaTb. To worka lot.

2. many, much, a lot. Mnoro Jiio-

flefi. Many people. Mnoro neHer.

Much money. Mnoro fleJia A lot

of things to do. Mnoro napoAa.

A lot of people.

MHOrOE a lot

Mne em;e Mnoroe naô czt^Jiaxb.

I've still got a lot of things to do.

MOrflJIA /. grave

MOryH|Hfl, -an, -ee, -ne mighty,

powerful

Moryqan crpana. A mighty country,

Moryqan pena. A mighty river.

Moryqan apMHH. A mighty army.

MoryHHH roJioc. A powerful voice.

M05KET BblTb maybe, perhaps

MoJKeT 6litb, h npncAy ceroAna.

/ may come today. MomeT 6LiTb, sto

H laK. Perhaps, that is so.

M05KH0 K M y? + inf.

1. it is possible, can. 3to m6>kho

caeJiaTb 3a xpn ahh. This can be

done in three days.

2. may. MoJKno bshtb Kniiry? MayI take the book? Moh^ho bohth?

May I come in? BojibnoMy mojk-

no ryjiHTb TOJibKO fl,Ba qaca. The

sick man is allowed to walk only

two hours.

M03r m., no pi.

FojiOBHoH M03r. The brain. Cnnn-HOH M03r, The spinal cord.

MOfl, MOH, Moe, MOH pron. my mine

Moh flOM. My house. Moh ccMbfi.

My family. Moe naJibxo. My coat.

Mon ApysbH. My friends. 3x0 Moe.

It's mine.

MOKPIMA, -an, -oe, He, short form

MOKp, MOKpa, MOKpIo, -w; adv.

MOKpo wetMoKpan ojiemjia. Wet clothes. Mok-

pHe KpwmH. Wet roofs. BijxepexbMOKpbie pyKH. To dry one's wet

hands. / predic. impers. Ha yjiHue

MOKpo. It is wet outside.

MOJIHHH /. lightning

HpKan MOJIHHH. A bright lightning.

CsepKHyjia m6jihhh. Lightning

flashed. Mojihhh yâpajia b ôm.

The house was struck by lightning.

MOJIOÊHCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He youthMoJiOAejKHHH Benep An evening-

party for young people. MoJiOAeH«-

nan dpHraâ. Youth team.MOJlOJ^mh /., no pi. youth •

MOJIOÎED;, pi. -HM used as pred.

fine boy/girl

Ona y nac MOJiOAenI She is a fine

girl.'

MOJlOmOH, -an, -oe, -tie, short form

MOJiOA, MOJiOfl;a, m6jioa|o, -h

1. young. MojioôH qejioBeK. Ayoung man. On oienb mojio^.

He is very young.

2. young, new. xMojioôe êpcBO. Ayoung tree. Mojioaoh KapxoêJib.

New potatoes.

MOJIOÔCTb /., no pi. youth

GHacxjiiiBafl MoJioôcxb. A happy

youth. B MOJiOAOCxn on xopomoneJi. He sang well in his youth.

MOJTOKO neut., no pi. milk

CBmee mojioko. Fresh milk. Khuh-

Henoe mojioko. Boiled milk. Cry-

mennoe mojioko. Condensed milk.

K6(|)e c MOJiOKOM. Coffee and milk.Kama na mojioko. Milk cereal pudd-

ing. GxaKan MOJiOKa. A glass of milk.

MOJIOHHIblH [-mn-l, -an, -oe, -ne

milk

PvloJioûHH cyn. Milk soup. Mojioh-

nan Kama. Milk cereal pudding.

MojioHHBie upojiyKThi.Dairy produce.

MOJIHA adv. in silence

Oh AOJiro MoJina cMoxpeJi na nero.

He looked at him for a long time

in silence.MOJIH|ATb, -y, -limb, -ax imp. to

keep silent

Oh MOJiHaji BCK) ôpory. He kept

silent all the way.

MOMEHT m. moment

yfloSnHH MOMenx. A convenient

moment. B 3X0X MOMenx. At that

moment.

MOHETA /. coin

Bojioxan Monexa. A gold coin. Gxa-

pijnnaH Monexa. An old coin.<>MejiKafl MOHexa. Small change.

MOPjE neut., pi. -n sea

Exaxb MopeM. To go by sea. Ox^h-

xaxb na Mope. To rest at the sea-

side. Hepnoe Mope. The Black Sea.

CpejiHseMHoe Mope. The Mediter-

ranean Sea. /fig. Mope rojioe. A sea

of heads.



MOP 70 MBIJI

MOP05KEHOE neut., no pi. ice-cream

CJiHBOHHoe, moKOJiaAHoe, opexoBoe,

^pyKTOBoe MopoJKeHoe. Cream,

chocolate, nut, fruit ice-cream.

MOP03 m. frost

BCK) 3HMy CTOHJIH CHJIbHiie MOpO-

3U. There were severe frosts the

whole winter. CeroAHH 10 rpÂycoB

Mopoaa. It is 10 degrees below zero

today.

MOPCK|Ofl, -an, -6e, -lie

1. sea. MopcKaH Boâ. Sea water.

MopcKOH 6eper. Seashore. Mop-

CKOH BosAyx. Sea air. MopcKoii

Bexep. Sea breeze.

2. sea, marine, MopcKofi (|)Jiot. The

Marine. MopcKoe nyxemecTBiie.

A voyage.

<> MopcKaH 6ojie3Hb. Sea-sickness.

MOPHK m., gen. -a sailor

MojiofloH MopflK. A young sailor.

MOCT m., prepos. o Mocxe & Ha moc-

xy; pi. MOCXH bridge

Mocx Hepea peKy. A bridge across

a river. }Kejie3HOAop6>KHLiH mocx.

A railway bridge. Gxohxl Ha mocxv.To stand on the bridge.

MOTOP m. engine

Moxop pa66xaex xopomo. The engine

works well.

MOTOI^flKJl m. motor-cycle

Exaxb Ha MoxoiîiKJie. To ride on

a motor-cycle.

MOHb, Mory, MOHêmb, Moryx, past

Mor, -Jia, -Jio, -JiiT, no imper.; imp.

+ inf. I p. CMO'ib, CMory, cMOJKemb,

CMoryx, past cMor, -Jia, -Jio, -jih

1. to be able, can. Tw cMomerab

npHHXH ceroflHfl ko mhc? Canyou come and see me today?

2. to be allowed, may. BojibHoii

yjKe Mowex xoAHXb. The patient

is already allowed to walk.

MOmHIHfl, -an, -oe, -He powerful

MomHMH MOXop. A powerful engine.

Momnafl AeMOHCxpan;Hfl. A power-

ful demonstration.

MPAHH|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -He gloomyMpaqHHH HeJioBGK. A gloomy man.

MpaqHoe JiHn;6. A gloomy face.

MpaHHoe Hacxpoenne. A dismal

mood. MpaHHHe mhcjih. Sombre

thoughts.

M^/^PIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

MyAp, MyApa, My^plo, -h; adv.

MyAPo wise

MyAPHH HOJiOB^K. A wise man.

MyAPoe pem^HHO. A wise decision.

Oh nocxynHJi MyAPO. He acted

wisely.

MYHC m., pi. uymhn, My>KeH, MywbHMhusband

BHHMaxejibHHH My?K. An attentive

husband. 3a66xJiHBHH MyjK. A solici-

tous husband. JlK)6Hm;HH MyjK. Aloving husband.

MS^HCECTBEHHIMfl, -an, oe, -He,

short form My?KecxBeH, My>KecxBeH-

Hja, -0, -bi; adv. MyHtecxBCHHO cou-

rageous

MyjKecxBeHHHH neJiOBeK. A cou-

rageous man. MyHtecxBeHHHH nocx}'-

noK. A courageous action.

MySKECTBO neut., no pi. courage

npoHBHXb My;KecxBo. To show cour-

age. IlMexb MyjKecxBO roBopiixb

np^BAy. To have the courage to

speak the truth.

MyaCCKlOfl, -an, -oe, -iie men's

My>KCKafl OACJKAa. Men's clothes.

MyjKCKan 66yBb. Men's footwear.

MYSKHflHA m. manIlqjKHJioii My?KHHHa. An elderly man.

JViySEfl m. museumOcMaxpnBaxb Myaen. To see a mu-seum.

M^SblKA /., no pi. music

GHM(|)OHHHecKaH MyaHKa. Symphon-

ic music. JlerKan MysHKa. Light

music. MyaHKa k KHHO(|)HJibMy.

Music to a film. Go^HHHXb (hh-

caxb) MyaHKy. To compose (write)

music.MySblKAJIBHlblfl, -an, -oe, -hb,

short form MyaHKaJien, My3HKajib-

H|a, -0, -H

1. music(al). MyaHKaJibHaa mKOJia.

A music school. MyaHKajibHHG

HHCxpyMCHXH. Musical instru-

ments. MyabiKaJibHHH Beiep. Amusical evening.

2. musical. MyaHKaJibHHH peCenoK.

A musical child.

MS^XA /. fly

MH|ATbCH, -ycb, -nmbCH, -axcH imp.

to rush, to dash

JIomaAb MHiixcH. The horse is rush-

i^S- If^S- BpeMfl MHHXCH. Time

flies.

Mbl pron., gen., ace. Hac, dat. HaM,

instr. HaMH, prepos. o Hac weMlilJIO neut., no pi. soap



MbIC 71 HAB

MbICJib /. thought, idea

HHTepecHan mhcjii>. An interesting

idea. FjiySoKaH mhcjib. A profound

thought. OparnHajibHaH meicjib. Anoriginal idea. Mne b roJiOBy npn-

mJia MHCJiB. An idea occurred to

me. y Hero MejibKHyjia mhcjib. Anidea flashed across his mind.

MblTb, m6|k), -emb, -iot; imper. moh

imp. K r 6? h t o? h e m? / p. bm-

MHTb, BWMO|K), -emb, -IOT to washMbiTb pyKH. To wash one's hands.

Mhtb noji. To wash the floor. MHTbpeSeHKa TenjiOH bo/i;6h. To wash a

child with warm water. MbiTb nocy-

ay mexKOH. To wash the dishes

with a brush.

MI>ITbCH, Moliocb, -embCH, -iotch

imp. Ip. BHMHTbCH, BHMO|lOCb, -emb-

CH, -lOTCfl to washMbiTbCfl B Banne. To have a hath.

MbiTbCH noA ^ymeM. To take a

shower. MMTbCH mhjiom. To washwith soap.

MilrKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short

form MaroK, MarKa, mhfkIo, -h;

adv. MflrKO; comp. MHrne1. soft. MftrKaH no^ymKa. A soft

pillow. MnrKHe bojiocw. Soft hair.

MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread.|

predic. impers. Ha AHBane 6biJio

MHFKO cnaTb. The divan was soft

to sleep on.

2. fig. mild. MarKHH KJiMMax. A mild

climate. MarKHH xapaKxep. Amild temper.

<> MflrKdH Me5ejib. Soft (uphol-

stered) furniture. MarKHH saroH.A soft-seated railway carriage.

MHCHlOfl, -aa, -6e, -bie meatMacHue npofl;yKTH. Meat products.

MacHOH cyn. Meat soup.

MflCO neut., no pi. meatIlHpojKKH c MHCOM. Meat pies.

MRH m., gen. -a ball

OyxSdjibHHH Maq. A football. Bo-

JieH66JibHbiH Maq. A volleyball.

H, HHA prep.

I. + prepos.

1. Qn

JiOKaxb Ha cxojie to lie {to be) on

the table; BHcexb na cxeae to hangon the wall; nncaxb na 6yMareto write on paper;

2. in, at

Ha saBOAe at the works; na pa-

66x6 at work; na ypoKe at the

lesson; na KaBKaae in the Cau-casus; na CeBepe in the North;

Ha coSpaHHH at a meeting;

3. byexaxb Ha aBx66yce, na napoxoê

to go by bus, by ship;

4.: na npomJiOH HeêJie, na axoH

HeêJie last week, this week

<> KHHra Ha (|)paHHy3CK0M aabine.

A book in French.

II. -|- ace.

1. onnoJiOHtnxb Ha ctoji to put on

the table; noBecHXb na cxeny to

hang on the wall;

2.to

Ha aaBoA to the works; na pa56-

xy to work; na ypoK to the les-

son; Ha KaBKas to the Caucasus;

Ha Cesep to the North; na co-

6paHHe to a meeting;

3. on

caAHXbca Ha anxoSyc, na napo-XOA to get on a bus, to board a

ship;

4.: Ha xpexHH jêRh on the third day.

Ha ;i;pyr6H ênb the next day.

Ha HoBMH TOjx on the NewYear's Day;

5. for

Oh yexaji na neAeJiio. He left

for a week.

6. not translated. Oh cxapme Mena

Ha 5 Jiex. He is 5 years older

than I. 3xox kocxiom jsôpome

Ha 10 pySjieH. This suit is 10

roubles dearer.

<> nepeeecTH na 4>P^Hi^y3CKHH

HSbTK. To translate into French.

HABJIH)AA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.

H T 0? 3 a H e M? to observe, to

watch

Ha6Jii0AaTb sa ABHjKeHHCM njianex.

To observe the movement of planets.

Mh Ha6jiK)AaJiH, nan 3axofl;iijio

cojiHHie. We watched the sun set-

ting.

HABEPHO(E) paren. word probably

HaBepHoe, oh ceroAHH ne npHêx.

He will probably not come today.

Tu noHAemb b Myaen? — H ne

3HaK) TO^HO, HO, HaBCpHO, HOH^y.

''Will you go to the museum?



HAB 72 HA3

Kysa? upward, up-

/ don^t know for sure, but probably

I shall.

HABEPX adv.

stairs

Mh noAHHJiHCB HaBepx, Ha dhthhaxaw. We went up to the fourth

floor.

HABEPXS adv. r fl e? above, upstairs

Mh cjiumaJiH, KaK b KOMHaie na-

Bepxy rpoMKO neJiH, a dotom na-

qaJiH xaHUGBaTB. We heard people

in the room upstairs sing loudly

and then begin dancing.

HABECTfiTb see HABEin[ATb

HABEmA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.K o r 6? q T 0? / p. naBelcTHTB, -my,-CT^mb, -CTHT to visit

HaBeCTHTb GoJibHoro TOBapnma. Tovisit a sick friend.

HABCErjÂ adv. for ever

H ye3>Kaio h3 3Toro r6pofl;a uaBcer-

;â. / am leaving this city for good.

HABCTPE^y adv. & prep. + dat. to

meet one, in the opposite direction

Bexep j^yji naBCTpeiy. The wind

blew in our faces. HaBCTpeqy saMmeji HeJiOBGK. A man was ap-

proaching us.

HAFPAÂ /. award

BiicoKaa Harpaâ. A high award.

IIoJiyqwTb uarpaAy. To receive an

award.

HAPPAAflTb see HArPAmflATbHAPPAHCJIAlTb, -K), -emb. -k)t imp.

K o r 6? q T 0? q e M? a a h t 6?/p.

Harpal^wTb, -jKy, -fl;Hmb, -^ht to

award

HarpaAHTb opAenoM aa noABHr. Toaward an order for a feat.

HAPPETb see FPETb, 4

HAA (HAAO) prep. + instr.

1. over. HaA ctojiom bhcht JiaMna.

A light hangs over the table.

IlTHi^bi jieiaiOT HaA MopeM. Thebirds are flying over the sea.

2. above, over. HaAO mhoh myMtiTAepeBO. A tree is rustling above

me. Mh ctohjih na bhcokom 6e-

pery, uaA peKoa. We were stand-

ing on the high bank, over the river.

3. at. PaCoxaTb naA AOKJiaAOM. Towork at a report.

HAJÊBAITb, -K), -emb, -h)t imp.

HTO? Ha K r 6? h a ^t6?/p. HaAelxb, -Hy, -nemb, -Hyx

1. to put on. HaAesaxb najibxo,

fflJiany, nepnaxKH, map$. Toput on an overcoat, a hat, gloves,

a scarf. HaAexb naJibxo na pe-6eHKa. To put a coat on a child.

2. to put on. HaAexb ohkii. To put

on one's spectacles.

HAA^HCAA /. hope

Bojibmne naAewAM. Great expecta-

tions.

HAA^Tb see HAÊBATbHAÊlflTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp.

1.

Ha 4x6?or -{-

inf. to hope.HaAenxbcH na ycnex, na no6eAy.

To hope for success, for vic-

tory. H. HaAeiocb yBiiAexb xe6H

aaBxpa. / hope to see you tomor-

row.

2. to hope, fl HaAeiocb na xo, hxo

âBxpa noroAa 6yAex Jiynme.

/ hope the weather will be better

tomorrow.

Sua K r 6? h a h x 6? to rely.

HaAeflXbCH na APyra. To relyon one's friend. HaAeaxbCfl na

KOJiJieKXHB. To rely,on the collec-

tive.

HAJIO KOMy? qeMy? + m/. it is

necessary, mustTe6e uaAO Muoro aaHHMaxbCH. Youmust study a lot. Mne HaAO 6hjio

Bqepa BCxaxb b 7 nacoB. / had to

get up at 7 o'clock yesterday.

HAJÔEJÂlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

KOMy? HGMy? & -j- inf. Ip. Ha-

Aoecxb, HaAoeM, naAoemb, HaAoecx,

HaAoeAHM, HaAoeAHTe, naAoeAflx,

past HaAoeJi, -a, -o, -h to be bored,

to be tired (of)

3x0 MHe HaAoeJio. / am tired of

this. HaM HaAoeJia njioxan noroAa-

We are tired of the bad weather.

Mne naAoejio roBopnxb o6 9tom. /

am tired of speaking about that. MhgHaAoeJio HHHero He AeJiaxb. / am

bored with doing nothing.

HAAOECTb see HAAOEÂXbHA3AA adv.

1. KyA^? back. Hahxg HasaA- Goback. H HOCMOxp^Ji HaaaA- /

looked back.

2. aô. Mh npnexajin 3 MecHua Ha-

SEA- We arrived 3 months ago.



HA3 73 HAJI

\

9to 6hjio MHoro jigt TOMy Ha-

3aA. That was many years ago.

HA3BAHHE neut. name, title

HasBaHHe poMana, KHiirn, khho-^HJibMa. The name of a novel, book,

film.

HA3BATb see HA3HBATbHA3HAHA|Tb, -lo, -emb,^ -iot imp.

q T o? K M y? q e M y? IIK o r 6?

q T 0? K e M? q e M? / jD. HaaHaqJHTb,

-y, -Hfflfa, -ax

1. to fix. HaanaqaTb CBHAaHHe. To

make an appointment. HasHaqnxb

co6paHHe na 6 qacoB. To fix

the meeting for 6 o'clock.

2. to appoint. HaanaqHTb kofo-jih-

6o fl;HpeKTopoM. To appoint some-

body director.

3. to prescribe. HasnaqHTb 6ojib-

HOMy JieKapcTBO. To prescribe

medicine for a patient.

HA3HAHHTb see HA3HAqATbHA3bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

K r 6? q T 0? / jo. HasBaxb, HasoBJy

-emb, -yx1. to name. HaaoBHxe pyccKHX nn-

caxeJien, KoxopHx bh anaexe.

Name the Russian writers you

know. HaaoBHxe 6oJibmHe ropo;i,a

Bamen cxpaHH. Name the large

cities of your country.

2. to name. Ee nasBajiH KaxH (Ka-

xew). She was named Katya.

HA3bIBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. rare-

ly used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -loxcfl

to be called

KaK Ha3HBaexcfl Sxa yjiHn;a? Whatis the name of this street? KaK na-

BHBaexcfl 3X0X KHHOxeaxp? Whatis the name of this cinema?

HAH3^CTb adv. by heart

Bnaxb nanaycxb. To know by heart.

yqnxb HanaycxB. To learn by heart.

HAflTfl see HAXOAflTb & HCKATbHAKA3ATb see HAKA3bIBATbHAKA3bIBA|Tb, -k), -emb, -lox imp.

K r 6? q X o? a a q x o?//*. naKa-

aaxb, HaKajKy, naKaJKemb, iiaKajKyx

to punish

HaKaaaxb peSenKa aa hjioxoh no-

cxynoK. To punish a child for mis-

behaviour. HaKaaaxb qeJiOBeKa aa

npecxynjienne. To punish a person

for committing a crime.

HAKAHYHE1. adv. the day before. HaKaHyne

MH 6mjih b khho. We were at

the cinema the day before.

2. prep,-f-

gen. on the eve. HaKa-

nyne HoBOro roAa. On NewYear's eve. HaKanyne npaa^HH-

Ka, flHH pojKAeHHH. On the eve

of the holiday, on the eve of

one's birthday.

HAKJIOHflTbCH see HAKJIOHilTb-CH

HAKJIOHillTbCH, -locb, -embra,

-MXCH imp. I p. HaKJIOHMXbCH, ua-

KJIOHIOCb, HaKJiOHHmbCH, HaKJIQ-

Hflxcfl to bend

Maxb HaKJioHHJiacb Ha^ peSeuKOM.

The mother bent over her child.

HAKOHEp; adv. at last

HaKonen; oh npnmeji. At last he

has come.

HAKOPMflTb see KOPMflTbHAKPbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

q X 0? q e M? / /?. HaKpwxb, HaKpolK),

-emb, -lox to cover

HaKpHXb cxoJi CKaxepxbio. To cover

the table with a table-cloth.

HAKPblBAjTbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-lOxcH imp. êu? / p. naKptixbcH,

HaKp6|K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch to cover

oneself

HaKpHBaxbCH OAenJiOM. To cover

oneself with a blanket. HaKpuBaxbCH

nJianôM. To cover oneself with a

raincoat.

HAKPb'ITb see HAKPblBATbHAKPb'ITbCH see HAKPblBATbCHHAJIEBO adv.

1. Kyâ? to the left. IIohxh, no-

exaxb, noBepnyxb naJieBO. To go,

to drive, to turn to the left.

2. rê? on, at, to the left {cf.

CJIEBA). HaJieBO ox namero flOMa

naxoAHXCH MaraanH. To the left

of our house is a shop.

HAJIHBAjTb, -TO, -emb, -lox q x o?

(q e r 6?) k o m y? k y a a? imp./

p. HaJiHXb, naJib|i6, -emb, -lox; imper.

HaJieH, past najiHJi, naJiHJia, najin-

Ji|o, -H to pour out

HaJiHBaxb rocxK) qaio. To pour out

tea for the guest. HaJiiixb boabi b

rpa|)HH. To fill a carafe with water.

HAJIflTb see HAJlHBATbHAJlOr m. tax

Bhcokhb naJioFH. High taxes.



HAO 74 HAP

IIOAOXOAHHH HaJior. Income tax.

IIJiaTHTB naJior. To pay a tax.

HAOBOPOT adv.

1. the other way round. Oh Bcerj3;a

Bce ;êJIaJI naoSopox. He always

did everything the other way round.

2. on the contrary. Ona ne 3a-

CMeflJiacb, a, naoGopoT, aanjia-

KaJia. She did not laugh, on the

contrary, she began crying.

HAIIAJÂ|Tb, -K), -euib, -iot imp. iia

K r 6? Ha 11 T 0?//). nanacxB, na-

naAly, -enib, -yx, past nanaji, -a, -o,

-H to attack

Tiirpu HanaAaiox na qeJiOBena. Ti-

gers attack people.

HAHACTb see HAHAAATbHAnEHATATb see nEHATATbHAnilCATb see HHCATbHAnOMHHAITb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.

K o M y? u X 0? or o k 6 m? o

4 e M? / p. nanoMHliixb, -lo, -irnib, -hx

1. to remind. Oh HanoMHHJi MHe

o HaniHX npeHCHHx Bcxpeâx.

He reminded me of our past

meetings.

2. K r 6? to remind. Oh nanoM-

HHJi MHe o;];Hor6 MejioBena. Hereminded me of a certain person.

HAnOMHHTb see HAllOMHHATb

HAHPABHTb see HAHPABJlHTb

HAHPABHTbCH see HAHPABJIilTb-CH

IIAnPABJIEHHE neut.

1. direction. HanpaBJiemie ;];BHjKe-

HHH. The direction of a move-

ment. rioesAa HAyx b pasHMXHanpaBJieHHHX. The trains are go-

ing in different directions.

2. school. JiHxepaxypHoe nanpaBJie-

HHe. A literary school. HanpaB-

JieHHe B MysLiKe, b jkhbohhch.

A school of music, painting.

<> no HanpaBJieHiiH) k... In the

direction of...

IIAnPABJlH|Tb,-10, -emb,^ -lox imp.

Koro? Hxo? K KOMy?Kyji;a?/p. Hanpa|BHXb, -BJIIO, -BHfflb, -BflX

to send

/lloKxop HanpaBHJi mchh b canaxo-

pHH. The doctor sent me to a sana-

torium. MeHH HanpaBHJiH k Bpany.

/ was sent to a doctor. HanpaBHXb

na pa66xy. To send to work.

HAHPABJlHlTbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-lOXCH imp. K KOMV? Kyfl;a?/

p. HanpalBHXbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHmbCH,

-BHXCH to goHanpaBJifixbCfl na lor. To go to the

south. HanpaBHXbCH k ApysbHM,snaKOMLiM. To go to see one's friends,

acquaintances. Oh nanpaBHJica kABepH. He made for the door.

HAHPABO adv.

1. Kyâ? to the right. ABxoSycHOBepnyji nanpa bo. The bus

turned to the right.

2. rêPôn, at, to the right {of.

CnPABA). HanpaBo — mocx,HaJieBO — ca^. On the right there

is a bridge, on the left, a garden.

HanpaBO ox BOKsaJia — SoJibmaa

rocxHHHita. There is a large ho-

tel to the right of the railway

station.

HAIIPi^tHO adv. wrongly, in vain

Tm HanpacHO xaK nocxynaemb. Youare wrong in doing that. Oh na-

npacHo oS-LHCHflji en oScxanoBKy:

OHaHHHero ne

xoxeJia noHHMaxb,

He tried in vain to explain the sit-

uation to her: she would not listen

to anything.

HAIIPHMEP paren. word for example

GJioBa cpeAHero poâ b pyccKOM

HSMKe HMeiOX OKOHHaHHH -0 H -e.

HanpHMep, okho h Mope. Russian

words of the neuter gender have the

ending -o or -e. For example:

OKHO and Mope.

HAnPOTHB1. adv. opposite. MarasMH Hax6;i;HX-

Cfl nanpoxHB. The shop is op-

posite.

2. prep, -\-gen. opposite. HanpoxHB

o5me>KHXHfl Hax6j];HXCfl SojibmoH

MarasHH. Opposite the hostel is a

large shop.

HAOPHHCEHHE neut., no pi.

1. straining. HanpHHêHne Bcex chji.

A straining of all one's efforts.

2. tension. Tok BMcoKoro nanpn-

HteHHH. High tension current,

fig. MemAynapoAHoe HanpHwe-

HHe. International tension.

HAPHCOBATb see PHCOBAXbHAPOA m.

1. people, nation. PyccKHH HapoA.

The Russian people. HapoAUMHpa. The peoples of the world.



HAP 75 HAy

2. only sing, people. Mnoro napoAa

(napoAy). ^^

lot of people.

MnxepecH napoAa. The interests

of the people. HpocTOH napoA-Ordinary people.

HAPO^HIblfl, -an, oe, -me

1. folk. HapoAHoe hckvcctbo. Folk

art. HapoflHbie necHH. Folk songs.

2. national. HapoAHoe xo3hhctbo.

National economy. Hapo^Hoe o5-

pasoBaHHe. Public education.

3. people's. HapoAHbiii apincT

CCCP. A People's Artist of the

USSR. HapoAHMH xyA6}KHHK

CCCP. A People's Artist of theUSSR (graphic art). HapoAHbifi

cyA. People's court.

HAPOHHO adv. on purpose

Tm cfleJiaJi 3T0 napoHHo hjih cjiy-

HaHHO? Did you do it on purpose

or by accident?

HAPyinAlTb, -10, -emb, -kdt imp.

q T o?/p. HapymJHTb, -y, -ninb, -ax

1. to break, to violate. HapymnxbnoKOH. To break the peace. Ha-

pyniHXb xHniHHy, To break thesilence. Hapymnxb nopHÔK. Tobreak the peace. Hapymnxb rpa-

Hiiny. To violate the border. Ha-

pymnxb AoroBop. To violate a

treaty.

2. to break. Hapymnxb cjiobo. Tobreak one's word.

HAPyniHTb see HAPyniATBHAPU^HlblH, -an, -oe, -we

1. well-dressed. HapH^HaH aeBym-

Ka. A well-dressed girl.

2. smart. HapH^Hoe njiaxbe. Asmart dress.

HACEJIEHHE neut., no pi. population

HaceJienne cxpaHbi. The population

of a country. Hacejienne ropoâ.

The population of a city. Mitpnoe

Hacejiemie. Civilian population.

HACKBOSb adi;. through

HpoMOKHyxb HacKBOsb. To get wet

through.

HACKOJIbKO adv. how muchHacKoJibKo 9X0 pemenne Jiyqme

npeJKHeroI How much better this

decision is than the old one

HACMOPK m., no pi. a cold in the

head

CnJibHMH HacMopK. A bad cold in

the head. JlerKHH HacMopK. Aslight cold in the head. Y mchh

nacMopK. / have a cold in the head.

JleKapcxBo ox naCMopKa. A medi-

cine for a cold in the head.

HACTOnHHBIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, shortform HacxoHHHB, -a, -o, -h; adv.

HacxoHHHBo persistent

HacxoHinBLiH neJiOBeK. A persis-

tent person. HacxoHHnBUH xapaK-

xep. A persistent character. Hacxdn-

îHBaH np6cb6a. A pressing request.

CxyAenx HacxonnnBo sannMajicH.

The student studied persistently

HACTOJIbKO adv. so

Oh HacxoJibKO rJiyn, hxo nnnero

He MOJKex noHflxb. He is so stupidthat he doesn't understand anything.

HACTOJIbHlblH, -an, -oe, -He

1. table, desk. HacxoJibHan JiaMna.

A desk lamp. HacxoJibHmn Ka-

Jienâpb. A desk calendar. Ha-

cxoJibHbie rirpw. Table games.

2. fig.: HacxoJibHaH Kmira. A hand-

book.

HACTOilimHH, -an, -ee, -ne real

HacxoHm;ee soJioxo. Real gold. Ha-

cxoHmaH JiioSoBb. True love.

<> B nacTOflmee epeMH. At pres-

ent.

HACTPOEHHE neut.

1. mood, y MeHH ceroAHH njioxoe

Hacxpoenne. / am in a bad moodtoday.

2. -(- inf ., usu. in negative sentences.

y MeH^ Hex HacxpoeHHH pac-

CKasbiBaxb. / am not in a

talking mood.

HACXynAlTbi, 1st & 2nd pers. notused, 3rd pers. -ex, -lox imp./

p. Hacxynnxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. Hacxynnx, iiacx}'^-

HHx to comeHacxyuHJio yxpo. Morning came.

HACTyilAlTb2, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Ha Koro? Ha qxo?//?. nacxy-

HMXb, nacxynJiK), nacxynnmb, Ha-

cxynnx

1. to tread. Hacxynnxb qejioBeKy

Ha Hory. To tread on a person'sfoot.

2. imp. only to be on the offensive.

ApMUfl Hacxynaex. The army is

on the offensive.

HACXynflTb see HACTyHATbi &HACXynATb^, 1.

HA^KA /. science

3aHHMaxbCfl nayKon. To be a



HAy 76 HEA

scientist. EcTecTBeHHtie nayKH.

Natural sciences. ryMaHHxapHLie

HayKH. Humanities.

HAYHflTb see yHflTb, 2

HAYHflTbCfl see yHflTbCHHA'^HHlLlfl, -aH, -oe, -ue scientific

HayiHaH pa66Ta. Scientific work.

HayHHuii pa66THHK. A research

worker. HayHHwe xpyAH. Scientific

works. HayqHan CnCJiHOTeKa. Ascientific library. HayHHoe CTyêH-

HecKoe 66mecTBo. A students'

scientific society.

HAXOJl,flTb, HaxoHty, HaxoAumb, na-

xoflHT imp. K r 6? h t o?/jo. nan-TH, HaHflly, -einb, -yr, past nameji,

Hamji|a, -6, -h to find

HaiiTH HyjKHyK) Bemb. To find the

thing needed. HaHTW hobmh Mexoji

paSoTbi. To find a new method of

work. HaxoflHTb paôcTb b MysbiKe.

To find pleasure in music.

<> MecTa ce6e ne Haxo^HTb. To

fret. He HaxOAHTb cjiob. Words

fail one.

HAXO^flTbCH, naxojKycb, naxoAHrab-CH, naxoAHTCH imp. to be (situated)

BoJibraoH Teaip naxoAHTCH b n;eHT-

pe MocKBbi. The Bolshoi Theatre

is in the centre of Moscow.

HAUiHOHAJIbHOCTb /. nationality

Kto bli no HamionajibHocTH? Whatis your nationality? B CoBexcKOM

Coio.ie MHoro HaixHonajibHocTen.

There are many nationalities in

the Soviet Union.

HAI^HOnAjIbHlblfl, -an, -oe, -we

1. national. HannonajibHaH Kyjibxy-

pa. National culture.

2. national. HanHonaJibHWH koc-

TioM. National dress.

HAHAJIO neut.

1. beginning. JJôu naxoflHTcn b na-

najie yjiHn;H. The house is at the

beginning of the street.

2. beginning. Haqajio yHe6Horo ro-

fla. The beginning of the school

year. HaqaJio sanHTHH b 10 la-

c6b. Lessons start at 10 o'clock.

HAHAJIbHHK m. chief

flAHATb see HAHHHATbHAHATbCfl see HA^HHATbCHHA^HHAlTb, -K), -emb,^ -k)t imp.

H T 0? & + inf' I P' naqaib, naiHly,

-emb, -yx, past Hanair, nanajia, na-

najilo, -H

Hannnaxb ypoK. To begin a lesson.

Haâxb peHb. To begin a speech.

Haqaxb pa66xaxb. To begin work-

ing. HaHHHaxb yqnxbCH. To begin

going to school, to begin studying.|

HAMHHA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 1

used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -ioxch imp./

p. HanaxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. na^Hexcfl, Haqnyx-

CH, past HanaJicH, Hanajilacb, -ocb,

-picb to begin

3aBxpa Ha^HHaexcH hobwh yqe6HbiH

roA. The new school (academic) year

begins tomorrow. *

HAin, -a, -e, -h pron. our, ours

HE particle not

Oh He yMeex roBopnxb no-pyccKH.

He cannot speak Russian. 3xo He

cxoJi. This is not a table. 3x0 He

oêtfh HHxepecHbiii (|)KJibM. This is

not a very interesting film. 3x0 He

njioxo, a xopomo. This is not bad,

it is good. Ero He 6biJio AOMa. Hewas not at home.

HEBO neut., pi. HeSeca, He5ec. He6e-

caM, etc. sky

FoJiySoe He6o. A blue sky. Becen-

Hee He6o. A spring sky.

<0> HonacTb naJibu,eM b iie6o Cf.

To find a mare's nest.

HEBECTA /. fiancee

HE^JÊ adv. nowhere

Bee Mecxa aanflXH, nerAe cecxb.

All the seats are taken, there is

nowhere to sit.

HEÂBHO adv. recently

Mbi npnexajiH b Mockby HCAaBHo.

We hove come to Moscow recently

HEÂJIEKO adv. r a e? not far

ToBapHHi WHBex HeAajiGKo ox mc-

Hfl. My friend lives not far from

me.

HEAEJIH /. week

JIhh HCAeJiH. The days of the week.

Ha 3X0H HeAeJie. This week. Hepea

HeAeJiK). In a week. Tpn paaa b ne-

AeJiK). Three times a week. MmCAeJiacM 3xy paSoxy aa neAeJiio.

We shall do this work in a week.

<> y Hero ceMb nHTHUH he Heê-

Jie. He does not know his own mind.

HEÔCTATIOK m., gen. -Ka draw-

back, shortcoming, defect

HeAOCxaxKH b paooxe. Shortcomings



HE5K 77 HEC

in work. V Hero MHoro neôcTaT-

KOB. He has many defects.

HE^H|klQ, -an, -oe, -He, short form

HeJKeH, HejKHa, nemnlo, -h; adu.

HeJKHO

1. tender, affectionate. He>KHoe

HyBCTBo. A tender feeling. Uem-HUH BsrJiHA. An affectionate look.

2. tender. HeMcnaH KOJKa. Tender

skin.

3. tender. HeJKHtiH i^Bex. A tender

colour.

HE3ABHCHM0CTb /., no pi. indepen-

dence

CBOooaa H HeaaBiTCHMOCTb CTpanu.

The freedom and independence of a

country.

HE3ABflCHMlMlJ, -an, -oe, -me, short

form neaaBiicHM, -a, -o, -h; adv.

HesaBHCHMO independent

HeaaBHCHMMH xapaKxep. An inde-

pendent character. HesaBHCHMoe ro-

cyâpcTBO. An independent state.

HEKOrjIjA adv. no time

Oh oHeHb MHoro paSoxaex, eMy ne-

Korâ ryjiHTb. He works a lot, he

has no time to go for walks. MneceroflHH HeKor;;a. Fve no time to-

day.

HEKOTOPIblH, -an, -oe, -He pron.

some

1. B HeKOTopHX paHOHax cxpanH

npomJiH AOHt^n. It rained in

some parts of the country.

2. only pi. Bee cjiymaJiH c HHxe-

pecoM, HeKoxopne CMeHJiHCb.

Everybody listened with interest,

some people laughed.

HEKyjÂ adv. nowhere

y MeHH Hex agecb anaKOMHx, Mne

HeKyAa haxh. I've no friends here,

I've nowhere to go to.

UEJlhSU -\-inf , KOMy?1. it is impossible. 3xy saâqy pe-

miixb HeJib3H. This problem can-

not be solved.

2. one must not. HeJibsa myMexb

B KOMHaxe SoJibHoro. You must

not make a noise in the sickroom.

3Aecb KypHXb UQJihsA. Smoking

is prohibited here. Mne neJibSH

MHoro 6eraxb. / am not allowed

to run for a long time.

HEMHOrO adv. (a) little

H saHHMaJica ceroflHH neMHoro, /

studied for a short time today.

HeMHoro noryjinn h npHXOHii flOMOH.

Go for a short walk and then come

home, y Hac HeMHoro BpeMenn. Wehave little time left.

HEHABfllAETb, ->Ky, -Anmb, .J^flx

imp. Koro? q x o? to hate

H HenaBHwy axoro qejiOBCKa. /

hate that man.

HEHABHCTb /., no pi. k KOMy?K H e M y? hatred

HEOBXOJ^flM|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short

form HeoSxoAHM, Heo6xoAHM|a, -o,

-h; adv. neoSxoAWMO necessary

HeoSxo^HMHe Bemn. Necessary

things. HeoSxoAHMbie KHiirH. Thebooks one needs. Heo6xoAHMo crje-

Jiaxb onepan;Hio. An operation is

necessary.

HEOBblKHOBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He;

adv. HeoSHKHOBeHHO unusual

HeoSHKHOBeHHoe nyxemecxBHe. Anunusual journey.

HEOHCflaAHHIblfl, -aa, -oe, ne; adv.

HeojKHAaHHO unexpected

HeoHtHâHHoe coSbixne. An unex-

pected event. HeoHtWAauHHii npnesji;.

An unexpected arrival Oxen Bep-

HyjiCH Heo>Kii;;aHHO. The father re-

turned unexpectedly.

HEPBHIbin, an, -oe, -ne

1. nervous. HepBuaa cncxesvia The

nervous system.

2. nervous. HepBHHii ^leJiOBeK. Anervous person.

3. nervous. HepBune SoJieann. Ner-

vous diseases.

HECKOJIbKlO num., gen. -hx several

Ha coSpaHHH BbicxynuJio necKOJibKO

qejioBeK. Several people spoke al

the meeting. Ha 3KCKypcHH ne 5hjio

HecKOJibKHX cxyAenxoB. Several stu-

dents were absent from the excur-

sion.

HECMOTP} HA prep. +acc. in spite of

HecMOxpn na njioxyio noroAy,

MH xofl;uJiH ryjiflxb In spite of

the bad weather we went out for a

walk.

^ HecMOTpfl HH Ha qxo. In spite

of everything.

HEC|Tfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past nee, nec-

|Jia, -Jio, -JiH, imp. Hxo? Ky«a?1. to carry. Hecxw qeMoaan. To

carry a suit-case. HecxH pe6eH-

Ka na pynax. To carry a child

in one's arms. Hecxii KHiirn b



HEC 78 HHH

6H6JiHOTeKy. To carry the books

to the library.

2. fig. to bear. HecxH oTBexcTBeH-

HOCTb. To bear the responsibili-

ty. HecTH HaKaaaHHe. To bear

the punishment. HecTH noxepH.

To suffer losses.

HECHACTHIbin, -an, -oe, -ue un-

lucky, unfortunate

HecnacTHBiH neJioBCK. An unlucky

person.

<> HecâcTHWH cjiyâfi. An acci-

dent.

HECHACTBE neut. misfortune

CjiyHHJiocb HecnacTbe. A misfor-

tune has happened.

HEX particle

1

.

no. Bh HAeie b khho? — Hex.

''Are you going to the cinema?

''No, I am not.**

2. not, no. Y mghh hot axon khh-

FH. / haven't got that book. Ha3X0H yjiHEi;e Hex MarasHHOB. There

are no shops in this street. Ero

Hex flOMa. He is not at home.

HEyÊJlH emphatic particle really

HeyjKeJiH bh ne nnxajin axoro po-

Mana? Haven't you read this novel?

HEa)Tb /., no pi. oil

MecxopojKAeHne ne^xn. An oil de-

posit. ô6HBaxb ne^xb. To extract

oil.

HEHAHHHO adv. by accident

H HenaHEHo pa36HJi cxaKan. / broke

the glass by accident.

HEHEFO pron., dat. ueêMy, instr.

HeneM, prepos. He o HeM -j- inf. no-thing

Mne Henero fl,eJiaxb. I've got no-

thing to do. TaK AyniHO, mo HeneM

flbimaxb. It's so stuffy: one can

hardly breathe. Mne ne o hcm 66Jib-

me roBopnxb. I've nothing else to

say. HeHeMy paAOsaxbCH. There's

nothing to be happy about.

HH particle not a

Ha neSe hh oSJiaqna. There is not

a single cloudin the sky.

HH ... HH conj. neither... nor

Hh ;^HeM, hh Ho^bio ne npeKpama-

Jiacb pa66xa. Work went on day

and night without stopping. Hh h,

HH MOH 6paX HHKOFAa HC 6bIJIH B

MocKBe. Neither my brother nor

myself has ever been to Moscow.

HHrÊ ac^y. nowhere

Bwjio yjKe hosaho, HHrê He 6ujio

BH^HO JHOAeii. It was already late^

no people could be seen anywhere.

Hnrfle ne Mory Kyniixb axoro yHe6-

HHKa. / can't buy this text-book

anywhere. HHrê Hex cbo66ahhxMecx. There are no vacant seats

anywhere.

HflHCHIHlt, -RH, ee, -ne

1. lower. lluTKEHH noHKa. The lower

berth.

2.: HnjKHee 6eJibe. Underwear.

Hfl3K|HB[, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

HH30K, HH3Ka, HHBKIo, -H; adv. HH3K0;

comp. HHJKe

1. low. Hh3KHH jjôm. a low house.

2. low. Hh3khh ypoBeHb >kh3hh.

A low living standard. HH3KaHxeMnepaxypa. A low temperature.

TeMHepaxypa Hume nyjiH. Atemperature below zero. HH3KHen;eHbi. Low prices. HiisKoe ffan-

Jienne. Low pressure.

3. low. Hhskhh roJioc. A low voice,

HHKOrÂ adv. never

Oh HHKOFAa He ona3AbiBaji. Henever came late.

HHKTO pron., gen., ace. hhkofo [-bo],

dat. HHKOMy, instr. HHKeM, prepos,

HH o KOM nobody

Hhkxo He 3Haex, Kan pemnxb 6xy

saâ^y. Nobody knows how to solve

this problem. H AaBHo yJKe hhkofo

He BHAeji. / haven't seen anybody

for a long time. HHKOMy ne fobo-

pH o6 3X0M. Don't tell anyone about

it. Oh HH KOM He xoêx AyMaxb.He doesn't want to think about

anyone.

HHKy/Â adv. nowhere

y MCHH Hjioxoe Hacxpoenne, h a

HHKyAa He xojKy. I am in a bad

mood and I don't go anywhere.

HflTlKA /., gen. pi. -ok thread

KaxymKa hhxok. A reel of thread.

BAexb HiixKy b HFOJiKy. To thread

a needle.

HHHErO [BO]1. adv. not bad. KaK h Hanncaji

KOHxpoJibHyio pa66xy? — Hnne-

f6. ''How did I write my test-

paper? Not bad.

2. particle that's all right. H3bh.

HHxe, nojKajiyHcxa. — HnHero.

Excuse me. That's all right.**



HHÎ 79 HOC

HHHTO [-mxo] pron., gen. HHHer6[-Bo],

dat. HHHGMy, instr. HnqcM, prepos.

HH o n'eu nothing

Oh HHHero ne 3HaeT. He does not

know anything. Oh HHqeMy ne Ha-y^MJiCH. He didn't learn anything.

Oh HHêM He HHTepecjêiCH. He is

not interested in anything. H He

Mor HH HCM ;i;yMaTb. / couldn't

think of anything.

HO conj. but

C6JiHii;e cseTHT, ho ne rpeeT. Thesun is shining, but it is not giving

any warmth, fl BHepa bbohhji Te6e,

HO Te6H He 6hjio jioua. I rang

you up yesterday, but you were

not at home.

HOBOÔJ^H|Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne New-Year

HoBoroAHHH HOHB. New-Year night.

HoBoroAHHe nosApaBJienHH. New-Year messages. HoBoroAHHe nojKe-

JiaHHH. New-Year wishes. HoBoro^-

HHH 6aJi. A New-Year ball.

H0BOCT|b / , gen. pi. -en

1. news. Goo6n5aTb hoboctb. Totell the news. Xoporane hobocth.

Good news.

2. only pL: Hobocth ^hh. Newsreel.

Hobocth nayKH h TexHHKH. Thelatest developments in science and

technology.

HOBIBIH, -an, -oe, -tie, short form

hob, HOBa, h6b|o, -h

1. new. HoBtiH ;i;om. A new house.

HoBoe HJiaTte. A new dress.

2. new. HoBan KHiira. A new book.

HoBHH HeJiOBBK. A new man.

3. modern. HoBafl hctophh. Modernhistory.

4. new. HoBMH ro^;. New Year.

HOrA /., ace. Hory; pi. Horn, nor,

HoraM, etc. foot, leg

Bmmmtb Horn. To wash one's feet.

BwTHpaHTe Horn. Wipe your feet.

<> Hath b Hory c BeKOM. To keep

abreast of time.

HOriOTB m., gen. -th; gen. pi. -tch

(finger) nailKycaTB HorTH. To bite one's nails.

UOliK m., gen. -a knife

OcTpwH HO?K. A sharp knife. TynonHOJK. A blunt knife. PesaTb xjie6

HOJKOM. To cut bread with a knife.

nepoqHHHHH HOW. A pen-knife.

H03KIKA /., gen. pi. -bk leg

HoJKKa cTOJia, CTyjia. The leg of a

table, chair.

HOHCHHIUbl no sing., gen. mmuRU,

scissors

OcTpHe HOJKHHniLi. Sharp scissors.

HOJI|b m., gen. -h zero

<> Hoesfl npnmeji b ABeHafliiaxb

HOJib-HOJib. The train arrived at

twelve sharp.

HOMEP m., pi. -a

1. number. HoMep jiôMa. The num-ber of a house. HoMep TpaMBaa.

The number of a tram. HoMepTeJie(|)6Ha. A telephone number.

2. issue. AnpeJiBCKHH HOMep JKyp-

najia. The April issue of the

magazine.

3. room. HoMep b rocTHHHii;e. Ahotel room.

4. size. HoMep 6othhok, nepqaTOK.

The size of shoes, gloves.

5. item. HoMep b KonrêpTHOH npo-

rpaMMe. An item on the concert

programme. UjupKOBOH HOMep.

A turn in the circus. HcnoJiHHTb

HOMep. To perform an item.

HOPMA /. norm, standard, quota

HopMa BLipaSoTKH. An output

standard. BHnoJiHHTb HopMy. To

carry out the quota. IlepeBLinoJi-

HHTb HopMy. To exceed the

quota.

HOPMAJIbHIblH, -an, -oe, -He, short

form HopMaJieH, HopMaJibuja, -o,

-Li; adv. HopMajiLHO normal

HopMaJibHan TeMnepaTypa. Normaltemperature. HopMaJiBHoe âBJieHHe.

Normal pressure. HopMajibHBie yc-

JiOBHfl Tpyâ. Normal conditions

for work.

HOC m., prepos. o Hoce & na (b) ho-

cy; pi. -LI

1. nose. IIpHMOH HOC. A straight

nose.

2. bow. Mw cH/êJIH na nocy jioa-

KH. We were sitting in the bow

of the boat.

<0' HoBCCHTb HOC. To be crestfallen.

BoAHTb Kor6-HH6yAb aa hoc. To

lead somebody by the nose. He bh-

AGTb Aajibine c66cTBeHHoro Hoca.

Not to see further than one's

nose.



HOC 80 OBE

HOCflTb, Homy, Hocnmb, hocht imp.

Koro? HTO? KyAa?1. to carry. KawAWH achl noq-

TaJiLOH iiocHT naM noHTy. Every

day the postman brings us our

post. Oh hcScht KHwrii b nopx-

(|)ejie. He carries his books in

his bag.

2. to wear. Hochtb MHrKyio nuia-

ny. To wear a ioft hat. Hochtb

6ycBi, cepbrii. To wear beads,

ear-rings.

HOCKfl pi., gen. hockob, sing, hocok,

m., gen. HOCKa socks

niepcTHHije HOCKH. Woollen socks.

ITapa nocKOB. A pair of socks.

IIOTAI /.

1. note. BsHTb BHCoKyio (HiisKyio)

HOTy. To sing a high (low) note.

2. no sing, music. HrpaTb no HoxaM.

To play from music. Hrpaib

6e3 HOT. To play without music.

HOTAa f note

Hoia npoTecxa. A note of protest.

Hoxa coBexcKoro npaBHxeJibcxBa.

A note of the Soviet Government.

HOHHlOfl, -afl, -6e, -tie nightHoîHaH xnmiiHa. The silence of the

night. HoHHaH CMena. The night

shift. HoHHaH py6amKa. A night-

gown, a night-shirt.

HOH|b /., gen. pi. -eii night

THxaH HOib. A quiet night. Jlyn-

HaH Hoqb. A moonlit night. Sbgsa-

Han HOHb. A starlit night. B no'ib noji;

HoBbiH rofl. On New-Year's night.

<> CnoKouHoii (a65poh) eoqu.

Good-night/

HOHbK) adv. at night

HoHbK) OH cnaJi necnoKoHHO. Hespent a restless night. BMspa HOHbio

kt6-xo nocxyqaji k naM b okho.

Last night somebody was knocking

at our window.

HOflBP|b m., gen. -h, no pi. Novem-

ber

HPA|BHTbCH, -BJiiocb, -BnmbCH, -bat-

ch imp. KOMy? êMy? &-f- ^^f/

p. nOHpalBHXbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHmbCH,

-BHXCH to like

Mne oêHb npaBHTCfl 3Ta êBymKa.

/ like that girl very much. Khho-

$lfJIbM HaM He HOHpaBHJICH. Wedidn't like the film. BaM npaBHTCH

ryjiHTb .3Aecb? Do you like taking

walks here?

HyJKAAlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -k)tch

imp. B K o M? B H e M? to need

BoJibHOH HyjKAaeTCfl b CBe>KeM Boa-

ayxe. The patient needs fresh air.

H^âCHO KOMy? îeMy? + m/. & +conj. q T 6 6 u it is necessary, mustHaM HVJKHO MHoro aauHMaxbCH. Wemust study a lot. HyjKHO, ht66hB KOMHaTe .6mjio HiicTO. The room

must be clean.

HîKHlblfl, -afl, -oe, -He, short form

nymeu, Hy>KHa, HyjKHO, uywHwK o M y? H e M y? necessary, that is

needed

HyjKHHH qejiOBeK. A man who is

needed. Hwkhhh yq66HHK. A ne-

cessary text-book. 3Ta KHiira nyw-Ha MHC ceroAHfl. / need this book

today. Mne nyjKHbi lyi^Jin. I need

shoes. 3tot yqeSHHK mhc ne HyjKen.

/ don't need this text-book.

O, o

(OB, OBO) prep, -f prepos. &. ace.

1. -\- prepos. about, of. 3a56THTbCflSAOpoBbe. To take care of one's

health. JlyMaTh o poAHue. To think

about one's country. Me^TaTb

6yAyn;eM. To dream of the future.

Hnxaxb KHwry o mmun cobot-

CKOH MOJiOAeJKH. To read a book

about the life of Soviet youth.

BocnoMHHaHHfl o6 OTn;e. Reminis-

cences (memories) of one's father.

2. -{-ace. on. Bojihm SiiJincb o 6e-

per. The waves beat on the shore.

OBA m. & neut., gen. o66hx; 66e /.,

gen. oSenx num. both

06a APyra yqaTCfl b HHCTHTyTe.

Both friends study at the institute.

06e A6BymKH xopomo xaHn;eBajiH.

Both the girls danced well.

OBE^ m. dinner

BKycHUH o6eA. A tasty dinner.

06eA H3 xpex 6jik)a. A three-course

dinner.

<> 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. IIpHrjia-

CHTb HE o6eA. To invite to dinner.

OBEÂjTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./

p. noo6eAa|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot to have

dinner

OSeAaTb b ctojioboh. To have dinner

at a dining-hall. BbiCTpo noodÂaxb.

To have a quick dinner.



0B& 81 OBP

OBECIl£HHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox

imp. Kor6? HGM? or KOMy?H T o?//7. o6ecne'9|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax

to provide

OSecneqHTb cxpoHTejibCTBO Mama-HaMH. To provide machinery for a

construction project.

OBECneqHTB see OBECnEHHBATbOBEmAlTb, -H), -emb, -rox imp. & p.

K M y? H X 0? -f- inf. / p. also no-

o6ema|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox to promise

fl o6emaK) BHHOJiHHXb Bamy npocb-

6y. / promise to fulfil your re-

quest. H oSemaio, qxo npn^y k BaMceroAHfl BCHepoM. / promise to come

and see you this evening. Oh (no)-

o6emaji yanaxb o BpeMenn co6pa-

HHH. He promised to find out the

time of the meeting.

OBJiAETb see OBHaCATbOBflAETbCH see OBHaCATbCflOBflJ^HO predic. impers. (to be)

sorry; (to be) offended

Mne o6Hfl;HO, hxo h ne nonaji b

xeaxp. / am sorry I didn't get to

the theatre.

OBHJKAjTb, -JO, -emb, -lox imp. k o-

t6? / p. o6H|flexb, ->Ky, -;^Hmb, -;^hx

to offend, to ill-treat

06iTAeTb APyra. To offend a friend.

Hejib3H oSnwaxb MajienbKHx. Youmustn't ill-treat the little ones.

OBHaCAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -k)xch

imp. Ha Koro? na qx 6?/

p. oGiilaexbCH, -Hcycb, -^nmbCH, -aax-

CH to take offence, to be offended

06«AexbCH Ha 6paxa. To take offence

at one's brother. He o5HH;aHCH naMOii CJiOBa Don't be offended at mywords

CBJIAKIO neut., pi. -a

1. cloud. flojKAeBoe 65jiaK0. Araincloud. TpoaoBbie oSjiana.

Thunderclouds.

2. fig. cloud. OSjiaKO hujih. A dust

cloud.

(3BJIACT|b /., gen. pi. -en

1. region. 06jiacxb JiecoB. The for-

est region.

2. region. ApxanreJibCKaH 66jiacxb.

The Arkhangelsk region.

3. field. HoBan 66jiacxb nayKH. Anew field of science.

4. region. 06jiacxb cepîia. The re-

gion of the heart.

6—4002

OBMAHyXb see OBMAHblBATbOBMAHblBAITb, -10, -emb, -rox imp.

K o r 6?/p. oSManyxb, oSinany, o6Ma-Hemb, oSManyx to deceive

ToBapnn; roBopiiJi, qxo npHêx, hooSManyji: ne npHmeji. The friendsaid he would come, but he didn't

keep his word.

<^ OSMaeyxb HaAe»cflbi. To dis-

appoint somebody's hopes. OGManyTfaAOBepne. To betray somebody's trust.

OBMEHHTbCH see MEHilTbCH, 1

OBHHMAlTb, -H), -emb, -rox imp.

K o r 6?//). o6Hflxb, o6HHMy, o6hh-Memb, oSHHMyx, past oOhhji, -a,

66hhjih to embrace06HHXb Apyra. To embrace one's

friend. 06HHXb cxapyio Maxb. Toembrace one's old mother.

OBHHMAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp. c K e M?/p. oSHHXbCH, o6hh-Mycb, oSHHMembCH, o6HHMyxcH,past o6Hfl|jicH, -jiacb, -jincb to

embrace

KpeuKO o6HflXbCfl c xoBapnmeM. Toembrace one*s friend heartily,

OBHUTb see OBHHMATbOBHUTbCH see OBHHMATbCHOBOflTfl see OBXOJ^flTbOBOPOHA /., no pi. defence

OBOPy;i;OBAHHE neut., no pi. equip-

ment

HoBeamee o6opy;50BaHHe. The mostup-to-date equipment.

OBPAÔBATb see PAJÔBATbOBPAAOBATbCfl see PAÔBATbCH0BPA3 m.

1. character. JlHxepaxj'pHUH: oSpas.

A literary character.

2. way. 06pa3 >kh3hh, mwcjih. Away of life, of thinking.

<> TaKHM 65pa30M. So; thus. TjiaB-

HMM 65pa30M. Mainly.

0BPA30BAHHE neut., no pl._ educa-

tion

IIpaBO Ha o6pa30BaHHe. The right

to education. Bucmee o6pa30BaHHe.Higher education. IIoJiyqHXb o6pa-

30BaHHe. To be educated. KaKoe yBac oSpaaoBStHHe? What education

have you?

0BPA3|0BATb, -^10, -yemb, -yiox

imp. & p. qxo?1. to set up. 06pa30Baxb komhc-

CHK). To set up a commission.



OBP 82 OBT>

2. to form, to make up. ^Ba aiOMa

BOflopoAa H aioM KHCJiopoAa 06-

paayiOT MOJieKyay boaw. Two

atoms of hydrogen and one atom

of oxygen make up a molecule ofwater.

0BPA3|0BATLCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. yexcfl, -yioTCH

imp. & p. to be formed

06pa30BaJiocb HOBoe rocyaapcTBO.

A new state was formed. B peayJib-

TaTe xHMHqeCKOH peaKAHH o6pa-

ayeicfl HOBoe BemeciBo. As a re-

sult of a chemical reaction a new

substance is formed.

OBPATflTb see OBPAmAXbOBPATflTbCH see OBPAmAXbCHOBPATHIbia, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 06-

paTHo return

OCpaTHUH 6HJieT. A return ticket.

Ha oSpaxHOM nyxit. On one's return

journey. TyAa oh exaJi Ha noeafle,

a oSpaTHO Jiexea caMOJieroM. Hewent there by train and came back

by plane.

OBPAmAlTb, -10, -emb, -k)t imp.

q T 0?//). o6pa|THTi>, -my, -THmb,

-Tax

06paxHXb BHHMaHHe. To pay atten-

tion. 05paxnxe BHHMaHHe na axoro

HCJiOBeKa Look at that man

OBPAmAjTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp. K KOMy? K HCM y?/p. o6pa|-

xrixbCfl, -myCb, -XHmbCU, -XflXCH to

turn (to), to address, to apply

06paxHXbCH K co5paBmHMCfl. Toaddress a meeting. 06paxHXbCH c

np6cb6oH K AHpeKxopy. To address

a request to the director. OSpaxHXb-CH K Bpa^y 3a coeexoM. To turn to

a doctor for advice.

OBCTAHOBKA /., no pi.

1. furniture. OScxanoBKa KoMHaxH.

The furniture of the room.

2. situation, atmosphere. Mew^y-HapoAHaH oScxaHOBKa. The inter-

national situation BeceAa

nporajia b Apy>KecxBeHHOH o6cxa-

HOBKe. The conversation took

place in a friendly atmosphere.OBCyAflTb see OBCyHCJÂTbOBCyjKJliAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

H X oilp. o6cyAnxb, oScywy, o6cy-

AHmb, oGcyAflx to discuss

06cyAHXb BajKHHH Bonpoc. Todiscuss an important question. 06cy-

Jimh HOBHH KHH04>HJIbM, AOKJiaA-

To discuss a new film, a report.

OBYBb f., no pi. footwear

OBXOJ^B[Tb, o6xoH{y, odxoAHmb, 06-

XOAHX imp. Koro? HXO?/p. o6oh|-TH, -Ay. -Aemb, -Ayx, past o6omeJi,

o6omJi|a, -6, -h

1. to go round. 06ohxh BOKpyr a6-Ma. To go round the house.

2. to go round. 06ohxh JiyjKy. Togo round a puddle. O60HXH ropy.

To go round a hill.

3. to visit. O60HXH Bce MaraanHu.

To visit all the shops.

OBmEHCflTHE neut. hostel

GxyAenqecKoe o6me>KHXHe. A stu-

dents' hostel. H{HXb B o6me}KHXHH.

To live at a hostel.

OBlHECTBEHHIblfl, -aa, oe, -He

1. social. 06ntecxBeHHHH expoH.

Social system.

2. social, public. 06mecxBeHHaa pa^

466xa. Social work. 06^êcxBeHHtIe

opraHH3ai;HH. Public organisa-

tions.

<> 06mecTBeHHbiH AeaTCJib. Apublic figure.

OBmECTBO neut.

1. society. KoMMyHHCxiWecKoe 66-

mecxBO. Communist society. Byp-

wyasHoe 66mecxBO. Bourgeois

society.

2. society. Haynnoe oSmecxBO. Ascientific society. CnopxrisHoe

66mecxBO. A sports society. 06-

mecxBO APy>K6bi c 3apy6e5KHHMH

cxpanaMH. A society of friend-

ship with foreign countries.

OBmnfl, -aa, -ee, -ne

1. common. OSmne HHxepecH. Com-

mon interests. 06ni;ee HMymecx-

BO. Common property. Y hhx bco

66mee. They have everything in

common.

2. general. 06niiHe BonpocH. Gen-

eral questions.

<0> Hex (or ne iiMexb) HBêro 66-

mero c KeM-/qeM-jiH6o. To have

nothing to do with somebody/some-

thing. B 66w,eM. In general.OBl>EAHH0Tb see OBT>EAHHHTbOBT>EAHHflTbCH see OBTbE^H-

HUTbCH0BT>E3HHH|Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp.

K o r 6? H X o?/p. o6'beAHH|iixb, -k)»

-Hfflb, -ax to unite



OBT> 83 oro

06T>eflHHHTB cHJiH 6opi;6B 3a MHp.

To unite the efforts of the cham-

pions of peace.

OBTjEAHHHlTbCH, -rocb, -emLCH,

-K)TCH imp. C KGM? C H 6 M?/

p. 06'BeAHH|HTLCH, -K)Cb, -HHIBCfl, -HT-

cfl to unite

Ohh o&teAHHnjiHCB c ji;pyrHM koji-

xoaoM fl;jiH nocTpoHKH 66m;eH aJieK-

TpocTaHn;HH. They pooled together

resources with another collective

farm to build a common electric pow-

er station.

OB'LEM m. volume

06T>eM Tejia. The volume of a body.

OBT>flBflTB see OBTbHBJiHTbOBT>HBJIEHHE neut.

1. announcement. 06'bflBJieHHe o

co6paHHH. Announcement of a

meeting.

2. advertisement, notice. ôcKa

oS-BflBJieKHH. A notice board.

JlÂTh oStflBJieHHe B rasexy. To

put an advertisement in a news-

paper.

OBT>HBJlHlTB, -lo, -emt, -k)t imp.

q T 0? He M?/p. oS'LHBHTb, oStHB-

jiK), o5'LflBHfflb, oStHBHT to an-

nounce, to declare

OCtHBHTb pemeHHH. To announce

a decision. OSTbflBHTb Bonny. To

declare war.

<> OS-bflBHTb 6JIa^0JâpH0CTb. To

express one's gratitude.

OBT>flCHflTB see 0BT>HCHHTBOBT>HCHH|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

q T 0? K M y? / p. oG-LHCHlHTb, -K),

-nmb, -HT to explain

. OSiiflCHriTb ypoK. To explain a les-

son. 06i>HCHHTb aaflaqy. To explain

a task. 05'bHCHHTb cboio MMCJib. To

explain one's idea. npeno;i;aBaTeJib

oG'bflCHflJi ciyfleHTaM Tpy^Hoe npa-

BHJio. The teacher was explaining a

difficult rule to the students.

OBblKHOBEHHIblfl, an, -oe, -He

ordinary

OSHKHOBeHHHH HeJioBeK. An ordi-

nary man. 06biKH0BeHHaH paSoxa.

Ordinary work.

OBb'IHAfl m. custom

HauHOHaJibHHe oCtiqaH. National

customs.

OBttMHO adv. usually

06tiqH0 fl BciaK) B 7 HacoB yxpa.

6*

/ usually get up at 7 o'clock in the

morning.

OBKlHHIblH, -an, -oe, -He ordinary

06biHHHH ;i;eHb. An ordinary day.

0BH3AHH0CTb /. duty, obligation

npaea h o6H3aHHOCXH. Rights and

obligations.

OBHSATEJlbHO adv. by all means,

certainly, without fail

3xy pa66xy bsljio o6H3axejibHO cê-

Jiaxb ceroAHfl. This work must be

done today without fail. OGns^xeJib-

HO nOCMOXplixe 9Ty KHHOKapXH-

Hy, Make sure you see this film.

fl npn^y k saM o6H3axejibHo. I'll

certainly come to see you.

OBJIAÊBAlTb, -ro, -emb, -lox imp.

K e M? q e M? /p. OBJiaAelxb, -lo,

-emb, -K)x to seize, to master

OBJiaêxb KpenocxbK). To seize a

fortress. ObJiaAexb h3hk6m. To mas-

ter a language. OBJiaêBaxb snanHH-

MH. To get knowledge. OBJiaflexb no-

BOH cnennaJibHOCTbio. To master a

new speciality.

OBJIAAETb see OB.JTAJIiEBATb

OBOni,|H pi., gen. pi. -en vegetablesCBejKHe 6Bom;ij. Fresh vegetables.

PaHHMe 6Boni,H. Early vegetables.

OrjlHjI,bIBA|TbCfl, -locb, -embCH,

-K)TCH imp. I p. OFJIHHyXbCfl, OrJIH-

nycb, orjiflHcmbCH, orJiflnyxcn to

glance back

OrJiHHyxbCfl nasafl;. To glance back.

fl 6biCTpo orJifluyjicH. / glanced

back quickly.

OrjlflHYTbCH see OrjlHj],bIBATb-

CflOrOHb m., gen. orne; pi. ornH

1. no pi. fire. flpKHH oroHb b nenn.

A bright fire in the stove.

2. light. SajKeHb oroHb. To switch on

the light. IIoracHXb oroHb. To

switch off the light. Ornii ropoâ.

The lights of the city.

<> BoflTbCH KaK orHfl. Gf. To fear

like death. Hath b oroHb h b6-

AY 3a kcm-jihSo, sa Koro-JinSo.

Cf. To go through thick and thin

after, for somebody. Hex A^Ma6e3 orHH (proverb). There is no

smoke without a fire.

OrOPOA m. kitchen-garden

BoJibmoH oropoA- ^ large kitchen-

garden. PaSoxaxb na oropoAe. To

work in the kitchen-garden. B oropOAe



orp 84 OKA

pacxeT KapT6|)eJib. Potatoes grow

in the kitchen-garden.

OrPOMH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form orpoMGH, orpoMHia, -o, -li

huge, greatOrpoMHUH ropoA- A huge city. Or-

poMHbie BoaMOHtHOCTH. Great possi-

bilities. OrpoMHHH ycnex. Great

success.

0^yP|E^ m., gen. -m cucumber

PaHHHG orypi;w. Early cucumbers.

GoJienue orypj^H. Salted cucumbers.

OAEBAiTb, -K), -emb, -jot imp. ko-

to? BO ^t6?/p. OAelxfa, -Hy,

-Herat, -Hyx to dress

OzteBaTb peSeuKa.To dress the

child. OAexb pe6eHKa b hobog

DJiaibe. To dress the child in a

new dress.

OÊBAITbCH, -locb, -erabCH, -h)tch

imp. BO qxo?//?. OAelxbCH, -Hycb,

-HerabCH, -HyxcH to dress

3hm6h HaAO xenjio OAeBaxbCH. You

must dress in warm clothes in win-

ter. Xoporao OAesaxbCfl. To dress

well. OAexbCfl bo Bce HoBoe. To be

dressed in new clothes. OAesaxbc

CO BK.ycoM. To dress tastefully.

0]\tMJ],X /., no pi. clothes

PaSoHaH OAe>KAa. Working clothes.

BepxHHH OAeacAa. Outdoor clothes.

OHETb see OAEBATbOAETbCH see OAEBATbCH0;ÊHJIO neut. blanket; quilt

BaxHoe OAeaJio. A quilt. HanpH-

BaxbCfl OAeaJioM. To cover oneself

with a blanket.^

OJlfiUy OAHa, OAHo, OAHH pron.

1. alone, fl muBy oamh. / live alone.

fl He JitoSjiK) ryJiHXb oAna. /

don't like walking alone.

2. alone, only, fl oahh Mory axo

CAGJiaxb. / alone can do this.

3. one Oahh moh APyr (oahh H3

MOMX APyseH) paccKaaaji Mne

HHxepecuyio Hcxopnio. A friend

of mine told me an interesting

story.

4. the same. Mu yqnMCfl na oahomKypce. We are in the same

course.

5. used as n. one. Oahh noraeji na-

jieBO, ApyroH — HanpaBo. One

went to the left; the other, to

the right.

OAHHAKOBIblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short

form OAHHaKOB, -a, -o, -h; adv.

OAHHaKOBO same, identical

3XH HJiaXbH COBCeM OAHHaKOBtie.

These dresses are quite identical.y HHX OAHHaKOBHe BSFJIHAH HaJiHxepaxypy. They have the sameideas on literature.

OAHHOKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short

form OAHHOK, -a, -0, -h; adv. oah-HOKO1. lonely. Oahhokhh lejiOBeK. A

lonely man.

2. solitaiy. Oahhokog A©peBo. Asolitary tree.

3. lonely. OAHHOKaH HCHSHb.

Alone-

ly life.

0]\B.kyKJXh\ adv. once, one day

0/^HAKO conf, however

JÔJKAb JIHJI KaK H3 BeAPa, OAHaKOpa66xa ne npeKpanjajiacb. The rain

fell in torrents, but the work never

stopped.

OAHOBPEMEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He;

adv. oAHOBpeMOHHO simultaneous

Mh OAHOBpeMeHHo npnexajiH naBOKsaJi. We arrived at the station

at the same time.

(33EPO neut., pi. oaepa lake

Oaepo BaHKaJi. Lake Baikal. }Ke-

HeBCKoe oaepo. The Lake of Geneva.

0KA3ATb see 0KA3bIBATb0KA3ATbCH see 0KA3bIBATbCH0KA3blBA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

H X o? K o M y? Ha K o r 6?//). ona-

3axb, oKajKy, OKamerab, OKajKyx

to render, to offer, to exert

OnasHBaxb noMomb. To render as-

sistance. OKasHBaxb conpoxHBjie-HHe. To offer resistance. OnaaHBaxbBJiHHHHe (na Koro, hxo). To influ-

ence {somebody).

0KA3bIBA|TbCH, -locb, -erabcH, -lox-

ca imp. I p. OKaaaxbCfl, oKajKycb,

oKajKerabCH, 0Ka>KyxcH

1. K e M? K a K ti M? to turn out to

be. Oh OKaaaJicfl onenb nnxe-

pecHMM HejioBeKOM. He turned

out to be a very interesting man.

2. to find oneself. HeowHAanno mhOKaaaJiHCb na HeanaKOMOH yjiH-

n;e. Suddenly we found ourselves

in an unfamiliar street. OKa-

aaxbcfl B xpyAHOM nojio>KeHHH.

To find oneself in a difficult

situation.



OKA 85 OHA

3. paren. word OKaauBaercH, Be-

qep 6yfleT ne b cy666Ty, a b

BOCKpecGHbe. The evening-party

is in fact to take place on Sun-day and not on Saturday.

OKAHHHBAITb, -H), -emb, -iot imp.

HTOp/p. OKOHHiHTb, -y, -HHIb, -aX

to finish

OKOHHHTb paSoTy. To finish work.

OKOHHHTb niKOJiy. To finish school.

OKOHHHTb HHCTHTyi. To graduate

from the institute.

OKAHHHBAITfcCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -ercH, -iotch,

imp.

HGM? /p. OKOHqiHTbCH,Ist

&2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,

-axcfl to end

CneKTaKJib okoh^hjich uobjibo. Theperformance ended late.

OKEAH m. ocean

Thxhh OKean. The Pacific Ocean.

ATJiaHTHêcKHH oKean. Atlantic

Ocean. IlapoxoA naxoAHTCH cenâc

B OKeane. The ship is now at sea.

OKHO neut., pi. oKHa, okoh, oKHaM,

etc. windowOKHa BLixoAHT Ha yJIH^y. The win-

dows overlook the street. CMOxpexbB OKHO. To look through the win-

dow. CMOxpexb H3 OKHa. To look

out of the window.

OKOJIO prep. + gen.

1. near. Okojio MarasHna cxohjio

MHoro HapoAa. There were manypeople near the shop. Oh ceJi oko-

jio MeHH. He sat down beside me.

2. about. Mh ryjifljiH okojio ^Byx

HacoB. We walked for about two

hours.

OKOHqAHHE neut. completion,

end(in^)

OKOHânne cxpoRxejibcxBa. Thecompletion of the construction.

OKOHqaHHe ceanca. The end of a

performance.

<> OKOHqaHHe CJieAyeT. To be con-

tinued.

OKOHHHTb see OKAH^HBATB

OKOHHHTbCH see OKAHHHBATtCHOKPEnHYTb see KPEnHYTbOKPyacAiTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

KOro? HX 0? H e M?//>. OKpyjKlMXb,

-y, -Hmb, -ax

1. to surround. JJ^qtr oKpymiiJiH

Maxb. The children surrounded

their mother.

2. usu. no p. to surround. Jêp^B-

HK) CO BCeX CXOpOH OKpyWBJIH

Jieca. The village was completely

surrounded by woods.3. fig. to surround. OKpyHtaxb 3a-

66xOH. To surround with solici-

tude.

OKPySKflTb see OKPYHCAXbOKTHBPib m., gen. -A October

OH pron., m., gen., ace. ero [-bo], dat.

eMy, instr. hm, prepos. o hcm he, it

Oh npnexaji h3 OpaHi;HH. He came

from France. GxoJiHua Opan-

hhh — IlapHH?. Oh cxohx na CeHe.

Thecapital

of Franceis Paris.

Itis situated on the Seine.

OHA pron., /., gen., ace. ee, dat. en,

instr. eio, prepos. o nea she, it

Ona oxAHxajia iia HepnoM Mope.

She spent her holidays at the Black

Sea. OxKy/ia y mc axa KHHra? —H KyniiJi ee b khhjkhom MarasMue.

Where did you get that book? I

bought it at a bookshop.

OHfl pron., pi., gen., ace. hx, dat.

HM, instr. iJMii, prepos. o hhx they

Ohii MHoro cnopHJiH o JiHxepaxy-

pe. They argued a lot about litera-

ture. B HaraeM ca^y pacxyx HBexLi.

Ohh oHGHb KpacHBH. There are

flowers in our garden. They are

very beautiful.

OHO pron., neut., gen., ace. ero [-bo],

dat. euj, instr. hm, prepos. o hcm it

H6JI0K0 ynajio. Oho jich^hx na sgm-

Jie. The apple has dropped. It is

on the ground.

OnA3J];bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Kyâ? Ha ckojibko? &-|-

inf. I p. ono3Aa|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox

to be late

GxyêHX onosAaJi na ypoK. Thestudent was late for his lesson. Bhono3AaJiH na 15 MHuyx. You are

15 minutes late. Mw onosAaJiH KnaâJiy cneKxaKJia. We were too

late for the beginning of the per-

formance. H 0H03Aaji nocMOxpexb

3xy KapxHHy. / missed that film.OnACHOCTb /. danger

IIoABepraxbcfl onacnocxn. To be

exposed to danger. Bbixb b onacHOC-

XH. To be in danger. HaM rpo3HT

onacHOCxb. We are in danger.

HsSejKaxb onacHOCxn. To escape

danger.



OHA opr

OnACHlUQ, -afl, -oe, -He; adv. onac-

Ho dangerous

OnacHWH cJiyHaii. A dangerous

case. OnacHaH paSoxa. Dangerouswork. Ho 3T0H flopore hatw onac-

HO. It's dangerous to go along that

road.

OnEPA /.

1. opera. CJiymaTb onepy. To listen

to an opera. KynHTb Shjibth na

onepy. To buy tickets for the

opera.

2. opera. Teaxp onepH h 6ajieTa.

A theatre of opera and ballet.

OnEPAU;HH /. operationXnpypr CACJiaJi cjiownyio onepa-

i^HK). The surgeon performed a dif-

ficult operation. Onepai;Hfl na cepA-

ij,e. A heart operation.

On03AATb see OnASnWBATbOnPABÂTb see OnPABAblBATbOnPAB^blBAITb, -JO, -enib, -k)T

imp. K o r 6? H T o? ^ e M?/p. on-

paBâlTL, -K), -eniB, -k)t

1. to acquit. Cy^ ero onpaBâji.

He was acquitted by the court.

2. to justify. Oh onpaB^biBa. CBoe

OTcyxcTBHe na BanaxuHX oojiea-

HbK). He tried to justify his

absence from the lessons by his

illness.

<> OnpaBAbieaxb aoBepue (Koro-

jih6o). To justify (somebody' s) con-

fidence.

OnPE/ÊJIEHHE neut. definition

To^Hoe onpeêJieHHe. An exact defi-

nition. MexKoe onpeAeJieuHe. Aprecise definition. Jâxb onpeêJie-

HHe. To give a definition.

OnPEAEJiEHHIblH, -an, -oe, -tie

1. definite. Onpe/teJienHLiH oxnex.

A definite answer.

2. certain. OnpeACJienHMH nopnÔK.

A certain order.

OnPEÊJlflTb see OHPEAEJlUXbOnPEJIEJiHiTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

nxo? I p. onpeAeJi|HXb, -k), -nmb,

-ax1. to define. OnpeêJinxb cBoe ot-

Homenne k co6mxhhm. To define

one's attitude towards events.

2. to determine. OnpeAeJiwxb eeJiH-

HHHy. To determine a quantity.

OnpeAeJinxb yroji. To determine

an angle.

OnyCKAjTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. k o-

r 6? H X o?/p. onycxHXb, onymy,onycxHmb, onycxHX

1. to lower. Onycxuxb pe6eHKa nanoJi. To put the child on the

floor. Onycxuxb roJioey. To hang

ones head. Onycxiixb rjiaaa. Tolower one's eyes. Onycxiixb bo-

poxHHK. To lower the collar.

2. to drop. Onycxifxb nncbMo b

amHK. To drop a letter into a

post-box.

OnyCTflTb see onycKATbOnbIT m.

1. no pi. experience.JKiianeHHUHOHMX. Life's experience. Onux

paSoxM. Experience of work.

HMexb 6ojibni6H onux. To have

great experience. HcnoJibsOBaxb

CBOH ontix. To utilise one's ex-

perience.

2. experiment. XHMHiecKneonuxH.Vhemical experiments. TIpOBO-

AHXb ontiXH. To make experi-

ments. B jiaoopaxopHH Hêx

ontiT. An experiment is in pro-

gress in the laboratory.

OnblTHIblH, -an, -oe, -He, short form

onHxen, 6nHXH|a, -o, -h

1. experienced. Onbixnhin paGoiHH.

An experienced worker. OnHX-HHH pyKOBOAHxeJib. An experi-

enced leader. OnHXHHU npenoâ-

Baxejib. An experienced teacher.

2. only complete form experimental.

OnHxnaH pa66xa. Experimental

work. OnHxnaH ceJibCKOxoaaHcx-

Bennafl cxannnn. An experimen-tal agricultural station.

OnUTb adv. again

CeroAHfl onnxb njioxan noroAa.

We are having bad weather again

today.

OPPAH m.

1. organ. Oprann peiH. The organs

of speech. Opran CJiyxa. The or-

gan of hearing. OpraHH AHxa-

HHH. Respiratory organs.

2. organ. FocyAapcxBeHEHft opran.An organ of government. HapxHa-

HHe opraHH. Party organs. Op-

raHH MHJiHi^HH. Militia organs.

3. organ. Faaexa «H3BecxHH» — op-

ran HpeaHAHyMa BepxoBHoro

GoB^xa GGGP. The newspaper

Izvestia is the organ of the



opr 87 OCE

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

of the USSR.

0PÂHH3A^HH /.

1. no pi. organisation.OpraHH3aD;HHBenepa. Organisation of an

enening-party. OpraHH3an;Hfl pa-

66th. Organisation of work. Op-

raHHsaniHfl 3KcneAHn;HH. Organi-

sation of an expedition.

2. organisation. IlapTHHHaH opra-

HHsai^HH. A party organisation.

npo$coK)3HaH opraHH3an.HH. Atrade-union organisation.

0PrAHH3|0BATfc, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

imp. & p. K o r 6? ^ T 0?

1. to organise. OpraHH30BaTb 3K-

CKypcHK). To organise an excur-

sion. OpraHHSOBaTb Benep cawo-

AeHTeJiBHOCTH. To organise an

amateur concert.

2. to plan. OpraHH30BaTb pa66-

Ty. To plan work. OpraHH30BaTb

CBoe BpeMH. To plan one's time.

OPAPH m., pL -a order

HarpaAHTb opAenoM. To award an

order. IIoJiyHiiTb opAGH. To receive

an order.

OPEJI m., gen, opjia eagle

OPEX m. nut

KpynHHe opexn. Large nuts. MeJi-

KHe opexH. Small nuts. JTecHLie ope-

XH. Hazel nuts. KoKocoBtie opexii.

Coco-nuts. rpen;KHe opexn. Walnuts.

KojioTb opexH. To crack nuts.

OPKECTP m. orchestra^

GHM(J)OHnHecKnH opKecxp. A sym-phony orchestra. Opnecxp no^ ynpaB-

jienneM AHpn^Kepa MpasHHCKoro.

An orchestra conducted by Mravin

sky. OpKecTp HcnojinneT 5-yio chm-

$6hhio HaHKOBCKoro. The orchestra

is playing Tchaikovsky's 5th sym-

phony. Konn,epT fl;jiH ôpxennaHO c

opKecxpoM. A concerto for piano and

orchestra.

OPOCflTb see OPOfflATb

OPOfflA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.H T o?/p. opoIcHTb, -my, -cnmb,

-CHT to irrigate

Opomaxb cxenn. To irrigate the

steppes.

OPÂHE neut.

1. implement. OpyAHH nponsBOA-

cxBa. Implements of production.

CeJIbCK0X03HHCXBeHHHe opyAHH.

Agricultural implements.

2. gun. ApxHJiJiepnHCKoe opyAne.

Piece of ordnance.OP^JKHE neut., no pi.

1. weapon. GoBpeMeHHoe opyHine.

A modern weapon.

2. fig. weapon. Heâxb — Morynee

opyHcne. The press is a mighty

weapon.

OCBAHBAlTb, -lo, -emb, -rox imp.

H T 0?//?. OCBOlHXb, -K), -Hmb, -HX tO

master

OcBOHXb HoBHe MexoAH pa56xBi.

To master new methods of work.

OcBaHBaxb HoBwe somjih. To bring

new land under cultivation. Ocbo-

HXb HOBfciH cxanoK. To learn to use

a new machine-tool.

OCBETflTb see OCBEmATbOCBEmA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

K o r 6? q X 0? / p. ocBelxMXb, -m;y,

-xamb, -THx to light

HacxoJibHaH jiaMua xopomo ocBe-

niaex cxoji. A desk-lamp lights the

desk well.

OCBOBOAflTb see OCBOBOJKJliATbOCBOBOAflTbCH see 0CB0B05K-

JUATbCHOCBOBOÂA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Koro? 3X0? ox Koro? ox He-

ro?//?. ocBo6o|AHTb, -my, -jxiimh,

-AHT

1. to free. OcBoSoAHXb napoAH ox

paScxBa H yrnexeHHH. To free the

peoples from slavery and oppres-

sion.

2. to vacate. OcBoGoAHXb Mecxo.

To vacate a place.

OCBOBOJKAAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH,

-lOXCH imp. ox Koro? ox He-

ro? & without an object / p. ocbo-

6olAHTbC3, -JKyCb, -AHnitCH, -AflTCH

1. to free oneself. OcboSoahtbch ox

rnexa, ox pa6cxBa. To free one-

self from oppression, from slavery.

2. to get free, fl ocbo6oahjich ce-

roAHfl b 6 nacoB. / was free at 6

o'clock today.

3. to become vacant. Mecxo 3a cxo-

JiOM ocBoSoAHJiocb. The seat at

the table became vacant.

OCBOHTb see OCBAHBATBOCEHHIHB, -hh, -ee, -ne autumn

OceHHHH AGHb. An autumn day.

OceHHee naJibxo. An autumn coat.



OCB OCT

OCEHb /., no pi. autumnSoJioxaH oceHb, A golden autumn.

IloaaHHfl oceHb. Late autumn.

OCEHblO adv. k o r

aa? in autumn

OceubK) aêcb qacxo havt aoh«ah.

It often rains here in autumn.

OCKOPBflTb see OCKOPBJlHTbOCKOPBJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

KOrO? HTOpê M?//>. 0CK0p|6HTb,

-6jik), -6wrab, -6flT to insult

OcKop6HTb HejiOBGKa. To insult a

person. BaraH cjiosa Menri rJiy6oK6

0CK0p6HJiH. Your words were a grave

insult to me.

OCJIABHTb see OCJTABJiHTbOCJIABJlH|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

K o r 6? H T o?lp. ocjia|6HTb, -6jiio,

-Cnmb, -6ht

1. to weaken. BoJiesHb ocjia6HJia

ero opraHHSM. The illness had

weakened his organism.

2. fig. to relax. Ocjia6HTb BEHMauHe.

To relax attention.

OCMATPHBAlTb, -lo, -emb, -iot imp.

K o r 6? H T o?/p, ocMOTpexb, ocmot-

piO, OCMOXpumb, OCMOTpflT1. to see. OcMaTpHBaxb Mysea,

BbiCTaBKH, KapxiTHhi. To See mu-

seums, exhibitions, pictures.

2. to examine. Bpai ocMOTpeJi 6ojib-

Horo. The doctor examined the

patient.

OCMOTPfiTb see OCMAXPHBATbOCHOBA /.

1. basis. OcHOBOH aoKJiaâ 6tiJiH

c66cTBeHHMe BneHaTJieniiH aBTO-

pa. Thereport

wasbased on

theauthor's own impressions.

2. only pi. fundamentals. Och6bureoJiornn. Foundations of geology.

^ Ha ocHoee oobiTa. On the basis

of experience.

OCHOBATEJIb m. founder

OcHOBaTeJib yqeuHfl, TeopHH, nay-

KH. The founder of a teaching, theo-

ry, science. OcHOBaTejib ropoâ.

The founder of the city.

OCHOBATb see OCHOBblBATbOCHOBHIOfl, -an, -6e, -ue cardinal,

basic

OcnoBHOH Bonpoc MeHcayHapoAHon

oScTauoBKH. The main problem of

the international situation. B ochob-

HOM Bbi npaBH. On the whole you

are right.

OCHOBblBAjTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

HTO? / p. ocHjoBdTb, -yio, -yemb,

-yK)T

1. to found. OcHOBaTb r6pofl. To

found a city. OcHOBaTb yuHBep-

CHTeT. To found a university.

2. to base. Ha hbm bm ocHoBuBae-

Te Bame MHûne? What do you

base your opinion on?

OCOBEHHOCTb /. peculiarity

Oc65eHHOCTH paCoTH. Peculiarities

of a work. XyAOJKecTBeHHbie oco-

6eHH0CTH poMana. The artistic pe-

culiarities of a novel. OcoSchhocth

xapaKTcpa aToro HeJioBeKa. The

peculiar features of that man'scharacter.

<> B oc65eHHOCTH. In particular.

OCOBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue; adv.

oc66eHHO

1. particular, especial. Oc66eeHLiH

ycnex hmcjio BMCTynjieHHe mo-

jfOAOH neBHn;bi. The perform-

ance of the young singer was par-

ticularly successful.

2. peculiar. Y nee KaKou-TO oc<5-

6eHHHH KOCTiOM. She wears asomewhat unusual costume.

OCTAIBATbCfl, -K)Cb, -embca, -iotch

imp./p. ocTa|TbCH, -nycb, -nerabCH,

-HyTCH

1. to remain. IlocJie OKomaHHHHHCTHTyTa H OCTSIJICH B pO^HOM

ropoAe. On graduating from the

institute I remained in my na-

tive town.

2. to remain. Oh oêHb HSMeHHJi-

CH, TOJibKO rJiaaa ocTajincbnpeJKHHMH. He has changed a lot,

only his eyes are still the same.

3. to be left. Oh ocTajicfl cnpoToH.

He was left an orphan. V mghh

ocTaJiocb 10 pySJieH. / have

10 roubles left. Jl^Qiv. ocTa-

jiHCb 6e3 poAHTeJieH. The child-

ren were left without parents.

<> OcTaTbCfl B HCHBbix. To remain

alive. OcTaBaTbCfl npn CBOeM Mne-

Hiiii. To remain of the same opin-

ion.

OCTABHTb see OCTABJlHTbOCTABJlH|Tb, '10, -emb, -iot imp.

K r 6? q t o? / p. ocTaJBHTb, -bjik),

-BHmb, -BHT

1. to leave. OcTaBHTb TexpaA^' fl6-

Ma. To leave a copy-book a t home.



OCT 89 ocy

2. to leave. Oh ocxaBHJi Hpyry 3a-

HHCKy. He left a note for his

friend.

3. to leave. Maxb ocTaBHJia h6jiokh

j^jifl flCT^H. The mother left the

apples for her children.

4. to leave. OcxaBHTb poflHoH ^gm.

To leave one's home.

5. to leave alone {only imper^). Oc-

TaBb pe6eHKa, He xporaH ero

Leave the child alone, don't touch

him/

OCTAJIBHlCfl, -an, -6e, -He

1. (the) rest. B HioJie cxyAeHTH

6HJIH B AOMe OTAHXa, GCXaJIb-

nyio qacTb KannKyji ohh npo-

BCJIH B TypwCTCKOM HOXOfle. In

July the students were at a rest-

-home, the rest of their holidays

they spent hiking. 3to hCjio-

KO ocTaBb MHe, a ocTaJibHLie

B03bMH ce6e. Leave that apple

for me, and take the rest.

2. used as n., pi. the rest. Mh c

HaBJiOM npHHiJiii b 6 nacoB, oc-

xaJibHHe nosAHce. Pavel and I

came at 6 o'clock; the rest camelater.

OCTAHABJlHBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -kit

imp. K o r 6? ^ t o?//?. ocTalHOBHTb,

-HOBJIK), -HOBHUIb, -HQBHT

1. to stop. OcTaHOBiiTb Serynxero

qeJiOBcKa. To stop a running

man. OcTanoBUTb ndesA CTon-

KpanoM. To stop the train with

the emergency brake. OcTanoBiiTb

paSoTH. To cease work.

2. to rest. OcxaHOBHTb bsfjihaHa KapTHHe. To rest ones gaze

on a picture.

3.: Oh ho anaji, na hcm ocxaHOBiiTb

CBOH BH6op. He didn't know

what to fix his choice on.

OCTAHABJmBAlTbCH, -rocb. -embCH,

-lOTCfl imp. r a e?/p. 0CTa|H0BeTbCH,

-HOBJIMCb, -HOBHmbCH, -HOBHTCH

1. to stop. BApyr noesA ocTanoBiiJi-

Cfl. The train suddenly stopped.

2.

to stopworking. CTanoK ocxa-

HOBlJJICfl H3-3a TOro, HTO HO

6hjio 9JieKTp09HeprHH. The

machine-tool stopped working be-

cause of a power failure.

3. fig. to deal. npo|)eccop b cbooh

jieKHHH ocTaHOBHJicH Ha npo6ji6-

MaX COBpOMenHOH leXHHKH.

In his lecture the professor dealt

with the problems of modern

technology.

4. to put up. OCTaUOBHTbCH B TOC-

THHHHe. To put up at a hotel.

OCTAHOBflTB see OCTAHABJIH-BATb

OCTAHOBflTbCH see OCTAHABJTH-BATbCH

OCTAHOBIKA /., gen. pi. -ok

1. stop. CAeJi Tb ocxaHOBKy. Tostop.

2. pause. FoBopnTb 6e3 ocxaHoBKH.

To speak without stopping.

3. stop. ABT66ycHaH ocxanoBKa. Abus stop. Ha ocxaHoBKe cxoflJia

rpynna cxyAenxoB. There was a

group of students at the stop.

KoHCHHaH ocxaHOBKa. A termi-

nal. BaM HaAo exaxb 5 ocxano-

BOK. You must get off at the

sixth stop. HaM cxoA^xb na cjie-

AyiomeH ocxanoBKe. We get off

at the next stop.

OCTATbCH see OCTABATbCHOCTOPOaCHIbiS, -an, -oe, -hb, short

form ocxopoHten, ocxopoJKHla, -o,

-h; adv. ocxop6>KHO careful

OcxopoJKHMH HGJiOBeK. A careful

person. Oh ocxopojKHO nocxaBiiji iia

cxoJi Ba3y c HBoxaMH. He put the

vase of flowers on the table carefully.

Ocxop6H<Hol Take care Be careful

OCTPOB m., pi -a island

OCTPOy'MHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form ocxpoyMGH, ocxpoyMH|a, -o,

-h; adv. ocxpoyMHO witty

OcxpoyMHHH HejiOBeK. A witty

person. OcxpoyMHHH oxbgx. A witty

answer.

OCTF|blfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

ocxep, ocxpa, 6cxp|o, -h

1. sharp. OcxpHH nom. A sharp

knife.

2. fig. keen, sharp. Ocxpoe 3peHHe.

Keen eyesight. OcxpHH yM. Asharp wit.

3. fig. sharp. Ocxpan 6ojib. A sharp

pain.

4. fig. pungent. Ocxpnn coyc. Apungent sauce.

<> 05xoAHTb ocTpwe yr.ibi. To

avoid all controversial subjects.

OCyJUECTBflTb see OCymECTB-JlHTb



ocy 90 OTA

OCymECTBflTbCH see OCVmECTB-JlHTbCH

OCymECTBJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -h)t

imp. H T o?//>. ocymecTlBWTL, -bjik),

-BHmb, -BflT to realise

OcymecTBHTb njian, Menxy, jKeJia-

HHe. To realise a plan, one's dream,

one's wish. OcymecTBHTb aJieKxpn-

4)HKaiIHK) HapoflHOrO X03HHCTBa.

To electrify the national economy.

OCymECTBJlH|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch

imp. /p. ocymecTBliJTbCH, 1st & 2iid

pers. not used, 3rd pers. -pitch,

-HTCH to realise

Ham nJian ocymecTBHJiCH. Our plan

has been realised.

OT (OTO) prep. + gen.

1. from. Oi-bexaxb ox ropoâ. Togo a certain distance from the

city. Vexaxb ox poAHbix. To go

away from one's relatives. OxMocKBw AO JleHHHrpafla. FromMoscow to Leningrad. Ox xpex

AO HHXH. From three to five.

2. from. nojiyHiixb hhclmo ox ox-

n;a. To get a letter from one'sfather, yaiiaxb hobocxh ox xo-

Bapiima. To learn the news fromone's friend.

3. for. Ox BOJineHHH oh hg Mor CKa-

3axb HH cJioBa. He couldn't utter

a word for excitement. Ox pa;;ocxH.

For joy. Ox cxpaxa. For fear.

4. to. Kjiioh ot KOMHaxH. A key to

a room.

5. from, against. 3am;Hxa ox Bpa-

ra. Defence against the enemy.JleKapcxBo ox rpanna. A medi-

cine for the 'flu.

«0* Ot flyniH. Sincerely. Ot ecero

cepnixa. With all one's heart. OtHMeHH K«r6-JiH5«. On some-

body's behalf.

0TBET m.

1. answer. Hanncaxb oxBex. Towrite an answer. JJâTb oxBex. Togive an answer. OxBex na dhcb-

m6.

Ananswer to a letter.

2. answer. Xopomna oxb^x yqenn-

Ka Ha ypoKe. The pupil's good

answer at a lesson.

3. solution. OxBex saAa^H. The so-

lution of a problem. IIpaBHJib-

HHH oxBex. A correct solution.

OTBETHTb see OTBEHATb

OTBfiTCTBEHHlblB, -an, -oe, -He

adv. oxB^xcxBCHHO responsible

OxBexcxBeHHHH pa66xHHK. A res-

ponsible worker. OxsexcxBeHHUH pe-

AaKXOp. The editor-in-chief. Oxbgx-

cxBeHHHH aa pa6dxy. Responsible

for the work.

OTBEHAITb, -K), -emb, -rox imp./p.

OXBe|XHTb, -Hy, -THmb, -XHX

1. ^xo? KOMy? Ha qxo? to an-

swer. OxBexHXb Apyry. To an-

swer one's friend. OxBexHXb na

Bonpoc. To answer a question.

OxBexHXb Ha nncbMo. To answer

a letter. OxBeâxb ypoK. To say

one's lesson.

2. HCM? Ha Hxo? to return. Ox-

Benaxb apvjkGoh na ApyjKSy. To

return somebody's friendship.

OxBexHXb yâpoM na yAap. Toreturn blow for blow.

3. H e M y? no p. to meet, to satisfy

^xa pa66xa oxBeqaex mohm hh-

xepecaM h jKeJiaHHHM. This work

satisfies my interests and wishes.

4. 3 a H X 6? no p. to be respon-

sible. OxBenaxb aa pa66xy. Tobe responsible for the work.

OTÂlBAXb, -K), -emb, -i6xîmp.

Koro? qxo? KOMyPqeMy? /p.

oxâxb, oxAaM, oxAamb, oxAacx,

oxAaAHM, oxAaAHTe, oxAaAyT, past

oxAaJi, oxAaJia, oxAaJilo, -h

1. to return. OxAaxb KHiiry b 6h-

6jiH0xeKy. To return a book to

the library.

2. fig. to devote. OxAaBaxb Bce ch-

JiH jik)6hmoh pa66xe. To devoteall one's strength to the work one

likes. OxAaxb JKHSHb 3a poAHHy.

To give up one's life for one's

country.

OTÂTb see OTÂBATbOTÊJIbHlblH, -an, -oe, -He sepa-

rate

OxAeJibHan KBapxnpa. A separate

flat. OxACJibHaH KOMHaxa. A sepa-

rate room.

OTAOXH^Tbsee

OT^blXATbOTj^blX m., no pi. rest

npaBO na oxahx. The right to rest.

JllxHHft oxahx. Summer holidays.

<> JI,9M OTAMxa. A rest-home.

OT^blXAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Tjs,e?/p. oxAOXHiyxb, -y. -emb, -yx

to rest



OTE 91 OTJI

JlexoM MH OTflHxaJiH Ha 6epery

Mopfl (b canaTopHH, b aomg oxflH-

xa). In summer we rested at the

seaside (in a sanatorium, in a rest-

home), ndcjie o6eAa mh oT^HxaeM.

We have a rest after dinner.

OT|EI^ m., gen. -â father

OTEqECTBEHHlblH, -an, -oe, -He

homeToBapH oxeiecTBeHHoro nponsBOA-

cxBa. Home-made goods.

^ OxeqecTBeHHaa BOHHa. A pa-

triotic war.

OTEÊCTBO neut. fatherland

OTKASATbCH see 0TKA3bIBATbCH

OTKA3bIBA|TbCH,-iocB, -emtCH, -lox-

cfl imp. ox Koro? ox Hero?& -f inf. Ip. oxKaaaxbCH, oxKa>Kycb,

oxKaJKenibCfl, oxKa>Kyxcfl

1. to refuse. Oh oxKaaajicfl BMnoJi-

HHXL npHKas. He refused to car-

ry out the order.

2. to refuse, to decline, to give

up. Oh oxKa.iajicfl ox flener.

He refused to take the money.

OxKasaxBCH ox cbohx cjiob. To

go back on one's words. Ox-KasaxbCH ox npHrjiameuHH. To

decline an invitation. OxKaaaxb-

CH ox CBOHX npaB. To give up

one's rights.

OTKPOBEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He,

short form oxKpOBeneH, oxKpoBeenla,

-0, -bi; adv. oxKpoBeHHO frank

OxKpoBeHHbiH paaroBop. A frank

conversation. FoBopiixb oxKpoBen-

HO. To speak frankly.

OTKPblBAJTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.HTO?/p. oxKpHXb, oxKp6|K), -emb,

-K>X

1. to open. OxKpHXb ^Bepb. To

open a door. OxKpnxb qeMOjân.

To open a suit-case. OxKpHXb

KHHry. To open a book. OxKpHXb

rJiaaa. To open one's eyes.

2. to open. OxKpnxb hobhh Mara-

3HH, HOByK) cxoJioByio. To open

a new shop, a new dining-hall.

3. to open. OxKpnxb BHcxaBKy,

coSpaHHe. To open an exhibition,

a meeting.

4. to discover. OxKpnxb MecxopojK-

jil^HTie, HOByio njianexy, hobhh

3JieMeHX. To discover a mineral

deposit, a new planet, a new

element.

^ OTKpwTfa AMepHKy. To say

something which everyone already

knows. Cf. Queen Ann is dead.

OTKPbIBA|TbCH, 1st and 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -ioxch

imp. Ip. oxKpHXbCff, 1st and 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. 0XKpd|excH,

-iOXCH

1. to open. OxKpHJiocb okho. The

window opened.

2. to open. GxojioBafl oxKpHBaexcH

B 8 qacoB. The dining-hall

opens at 8 o'clock.

OTKPb'ITHE neut.

1. no pi. inauguration, opening.

OxKpHxne HOBoro HHCxnxyxa.

The inauguration of a new insti-

tute. OxKpHxne BbicxaBKH. The

opening of an exhibition.

2. discovery. Hayqnoe oxKpHxne.

A scientific discovery. OxKpn-XHH B oSJiacxH $ii3HKH. Discov-

eries in the field of physics.

GABJiaxb oxKpHxne. To make a

discovery.

OTKPKITIKA /., gen. pi. -ok postcard

HoHTOBaH oxKpHTKa. A postcard.

Ilocjiaxb oxKpmxKy. To send a post-

card. IloJiyqaxb oxKpnxKy. To re-

ceive a postcard. no3ji,paBHxejibHaH

oxKpbiXKa. A postcard of congratu-

lation.

OTKPb'ITIbitt, -aa, -oe, -ne

1. open. OxKpbixaa MecxHocxb. Opencountry.

2. fig. frank. OxKpnxoe jihi;6. Afrank face.

^ OTKpbiT»e Mope. The open sea.

OTiq)biT#e nncbMo. An open letter.

IIoA OTKpMTbiM eeSoM. In the open

OTKPklTb see OTKPblBATb

OTKPb'ITbCH see OTKPblBATbCH

OIKS'AA adv. where from

OxKyâ BH npnexaJiH? Where did

you come from? OxKyâ bh axo

BHaexe? How do you know that? HBH^PO, oxKyâ xbi n/temb. / know

where you are coming from.

OTJIinAlTbCfl, -K)Cb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp. qeM? ox koto? ox nero?to be different

Bam HJiaH oxjinqaexcn ox ;^py^HX

rJiy6HH6H. Your plan differs from

the others by its profundity.



OTJI 92 oxn

OTJIfiHHO adv.

1. excellently, very well. Bu ot-

jiHHHO 3T0 BHêie. You know it

very well.

2. used as n. yqHTLCfl Ha «OTJinH-

H0». To get only excellent marks.

noJiyHnTB «OTJiHiHO» no pyccKO-

My H3biKy. To get an excellent

mark in Russian. IIocTaBHTb

yneHHKy «OTJitiqHO». To give a

pupil an excellent mark

0TM£T|KA /., gen. pi. -ok mark

H nojiyniiji xopomyio OTMCTKy no

pyccKOMy flSHKy. / got a good

mark in Russian.

OTHECTfl see OTHOCflXbOTHECTflCb see OTHOCfiTbCHOTHHMAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

Koro? HTO? y Koro? y ne-

r 6?/ p. OTHHTb, OTHHMy, OTHFIMemb,

OTHi'iMyT, past oTHflJi, 0THHJi|a, 6t-

HHJl|0, -H

1. to take away, y MaJib^HKa 6t-

HflJiH Mflii. They took the ball

away from the boy.

2. to take. PaaroBop dxHHJi y Me-

HH Miioro BpeMeHH. The conver-sation took away a lot of my time.

3. to subtract. OT AeCHTW OTHHTb

TpH SyêT ceMb. // 3 is sub-

tracted from 10 the answer is 7.

OTHOCflTb, OTHomy, OTHocnmb, ot-

HOCHT imp. HTO? Kyâ? ko-M y?/p. OTHeciTii, -y, -emb, -yT, past

oTHec, oxnecjila, -6, -n to take

(to some place)

H OTHec KHiirn b 6H6JiHOTeKy. /

took the books back to the library.

Mu OTHecjiH HBexH npenoAaBaxe-

JiK). We took the flowers to the teacher.

OTHOCflTtCH, OTHOÎycb, OTHocnmb-Cfl, OTHOCflTCfl imp. K a K? K K 0-

M y? K n e M y?/p. OTHec|Tncb, -ycb,

-erabCH, -yxcH, past othccch, ot-

Hecji|acb, -ocb, -licb

1. to treat. Xopomo (njioxo) ot-

HOCHTbCH K KOMy-JiH5o. To treat

somebody well (badly).

2. no p. to concern. Moh cJiOBa ne

OTHocflTCH K BaM. My words do

not concern you. 3x0 ne oxhochx-

cfl K fleJiy. It's beside the point.

OTHOfflfiHHE neut.

1. no pi. attitude. Xopomee oxho-

raeHHe k jiioahm. A kind attitude

to people.

2. no pi. relation. 3xo ne HMeex komh6 oxHOffl^HHH. /( has nothing

to do with me.

3. only pi. relations. J\pymecKne

oxHomeHHH. Friendly relations.

/^HHJIOMaXlfHeCKHe OXHOm^HHHMejKfly cxpanaMH. Diplomaticrelations between countries. Ycxa-HOBHXb (paaopoaxb) ;^H^JIOMaXH-

HecKHe oxHomeHHH. To establish

(to break off) diplomatic relations.

<> EblTb C KeM-JIH60 B KaKHX-JI^-

6o OTHomeHHflx. To be on (somesort of) terms with somebody.

OTHHTb see OTHHMATbOTOflTfl see OTXOAflTbOTnPABHTb see OTHPABJlHTbOTnPABHTbCfl see OTHPABJlHTb-

CHOTDPABJlHlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Koro? Hxo? Ky ji B?/p. oxnpal-

BHXb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -Bflx to Send

Ma»b oxnpaBJiaex cwna b mKOJiy.

The mother sends her son to school.

fl oxnpaBHJi MOMOH nncbMo (xejie-

rpaMMy, nocwJiKy). / se/it a letter

(a wire, a parcel) home.OTHPABJlHlTbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-loxcfl imp. K y A a? without an obj.

& -f inf. Ip. oxnpa|BHXbCH, -BJiiocb,

-BHmbCH, -BflXCH

1. to go. IlocJie aaHHXHH mm ox-

npaBHJiHCb ryjTflXb. After the

lessons we went for a walk. MhoxnpaBHJiHCb B napK. We went

to the park. OxnpaBHXbCH b nyxb.

To set out.

2. to leave. Uoesjj, oxnpaBJinexc^

nepea 10 MHnyx ox 5-h njiax-

$6pMU. The train leaves in 10

minutes from platform 5.

OTnyCK m. holidays

JlexHHH oxnyCK. Summer holi-

days. MecHHHWH oxnycK. A month's

holiday. IIohxh b oxnycK. To go on

one's holidays. BepnyxbCH H3 6x-

nycKa. To return after one's holi-

days. Bwxb B 6xnycKe (b oxnycKy).

To be on one's holidays. IIpOBOjiiixb

oxnycK Ha lore. To spend one's

holidays in the South.

OTnyCKA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.

K r 6? q T o?/p. oxnycxtixb, oxny-

my, oxnycxHmb, oxnycxHx

1. to let go. Maxb He oxnycKaJia

peScHKa ox cc6h. The mother



oxn 93 OOH

did not let her child go away

from her.

2. to let go. Oh oTnycxiiji mok) py-

KV. He let go of my hand.

oxnycTflTb see oxnycKAxbOXPAHCEHHE neut.

1. no pi. reflection. OxpaHteHne

CBexa. The reflection of light.

2. reflection. VBviji,eTh CBoe oxpa-

jKenne b sepKaJie, rJiaAKOH no-

BepxHOCXH BOflM. To sce one's

reflection in a mirror, on the

smooth surface of the water.

3. fig. no pi. reflection. Bee axo

Hamjio oxpajKenne b ero KHHre.

All this was reflected in his book.4. philos. no pi. reflection. TeopHH

oxpajKeHHH. The theory of reflec-

tion.

0XPE3AXb see PE3AXb, 2

OXPHJ^ m. detachment

IlHOHepcKHH oxpflA- A Young Pio-

neer detachment. IlapxHaaHCKHH ox-

pH^. A guerrilla detachment.

OXCXA|BAXb, -K), -emb, -K)X imp.

ox Koro? ox qero? or without

an ohj.jp. oxcxa|xL, -ny, -Hemb, -nyx1. to lag behind. Oh meji MOAên-

Ho H cKopo oxcxaJi ox XOBapH-

niieH. He walked slowly and soon

he fell behind his friends.

2. colloq. to miss. Ha 0]\u6vl ocxa-

HOBKe a oxcxaji ox noeaAa. At

one stop I missed my train.

3. to fall behind. H mhofo 6oJieJi

H oxcxaji ox rpynnu. / was ill

for a long time and I fell be-

hind my group. Oxcxaxb ox jkhs-HH. To lag behind life.

4. to be slow. Hacw oxcxaiox na

10 MHHyx. The watch (clock) is

10 minutes slow.

OTCXAJI|bIfl, -aa, -oe, -He backward

OxcxaJiaa cxpana. A backward coun-

try. OxcxaJiHe bsfjihaw. Backward

views.

OXCXAXb see OXCXABAXbOXCXynAlXb, -ro, -emb, -lox imp.

/p. oxcxynnxb, oxcxynJiK), oxcxy-nnrab, oxcxynax

1. to retreat. BoncKa oxcxyoMjin.

The troops have retreated.| fig.

He oxcxynaHxe nepefl xpy^Hoc-

XHMH. Don't give in in the face

of difficulties.

2. ox Hero? to deviate. Oxcxy-

naxb ox npasHJi, ox hopmbi. Todeviate from the rules, the norm.

oxcxynflxb see oxcxynAxb

OXCS^XCXBIOBAXb, -yro.-yemb, -yioximp. to be absent

OxcyxcxBOBaxb na ypoKe no 6o-

jieaum, no yBajKHxejibHon npn^H-

ne. To be absent from the lesson

owing to illness, for good reasons.

Oh oxcyxcxBOBaji 3 Mecfln;a. Hewas absent for 3 months.

OXCIDAA adu. from here

OxciOAa BHAHa Bca MocKBa. Onecan see the whole of Moscow fromhere. OxciOAa xopomo cJiMmno. Youcan hear well from here. He yxoAHoxciOAa. Don't go away from here.

OXXy/Â adv. from there

B sajie HppaJi opKecxp, oxxvAa

cjiMmajica cmcx, sByKH necen. Anorchestra was playing in the hall,

from which came laughter and

songs. Bh Swjih b khho? — Jâ, mhHAeM oxxyAa. ''Have you been to

the cinema? *Yes, we are coming

from there.

OXXOJl,flXb, oxxoHty, oxxoAHrab, ox-

x6a«t imp. oxKoro? ox ne-

r6?/p. oxoHJxH, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx,

past oxomeji, oxomJi|a, -6, -h

1. to go away. Mh oxomjiii ox Ma-

raanna Ha necKOJibKo maroB.

We went a few steps away from

the shop.

2. to leave. HoesA oxxoahx b 6 na-

coB. The train leaves at 6

o'clock.

OXÊCXBO neut. patronymicHasoBiixe name riMa, oxhccxbo h

(|)aMHJiHK). Give your name, patro-

nyniic and surname.

0XT>E3^ m., no pi. departure

OxT>e3A HasnaHen na 6 qacoB. The

departure is fixed for 6 o'clock. BAeHb oxtesAa. On the day of de-

parture.

OXT>E33KAlXb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./

p. ox-bexaxb, ox'beAly, -emb, -yx to

drive offMamHHa ox-bexajia ox AOMa ncBep-

nyjia na mocce. The car drove away

from the house and turned on to the

highway.

OXT)EXAXb see 0XT>E3aCAXbOOHIÊP m. officer



OOH 94 nAji

OOHI^HAJlbHIblfl, -afl, -oe. -ue;

adv. o<|)ni:(Bawii>Ho

1. official. 0$Hii;HaJibHoe saHBjie-

HHe. An official statement. 0$h-

ilHajibHWH BH3HT. An officialvisit. O^HJ^najiBHoe jihi;6. Anofficial.

2. official, formal. 0(|)HaHajibHHH

H3HK. An official language. Oiû-

i;HaJibHoe npHrJiameHHe. A for-

mal invitation. roBopiiTb o^hi;h-

aJibHUM TOHOM. To spcak in an

official manner.

OXOTA /., no pi. hunting

BbiTb Ha oxoie. To hunt. ynacTBO-

Baxb B oxoxe. To take part in a

hunt. Math na oxoxy. To go hunt-

ing. Oxoxa Ha bojikob. Wolf-shoot-

ing. Oxoxa coSaKaMH. A chase.

OXOTHHK m. hunter

OXOTHO adv. readily, willingly

H oxoxHO corjiamaiGCb c BaMH. /

readily agree with you.

OXPAHIIlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

KoropHTO? ox Koro? ox ne-r 6? to guard

OxpaHfixb 3;âHHe. To guard a build-

ing. OxpaHHXb rpaHHuy. To guardthe frontier.

OÊHb adv. very; very muchOêHb KpacHBHH napK. A very

beautiful park, fl oênb njioxo no-

HHMaio no-pyccKH. / understand

Russian very badly. Ha neqep

npnmjio o'jeHb mhofo napoAy-There were very many people at

the evening-party. Mhc oneHb Hpa-

BHxcfl 3X0X (|)HjibM, / like this film

very much.OHEPEAlb /., gen. pi. -en

1. queue. Cxorixb b onepeAH. Tostand in a queue. OîepeAb 3a 6h-

JiexaMH. A queue for tickets.

2. turn.

<> CACjiaxb B nepeyio oêpeflb. Todo in the first place. B cboio

6»iepenb. In its turn.

OHflClHTb see HfiCTHTb, 2

OHKjfl no sing., gen. -6b spectacles

HociTXb OHKii. To wear spectacles.MeJiOBeK B OHKax. A man in spec-

tacles.^ TeMHHG oqKH. Sun-glasses.

H HJIOXO BUHCy 693 O^KOB. / SCC

badly without spectacles.

OfflHBAlTbCH, -locb, -embca, -ioxch

imp. B K M? B H e M? or without

anobj./p. omH6|HXbCH, -ycb, -embCH,

-yxcH, past omnScH, omiiGjilacb.

-ocb, -HCb to make a mistake

CxyfleHX omH6cfl npH pemeuHH 3a-

flaHH. The student mode a mistakein solving the problem. KoHCxpyK-

xop omHScH B pacqexax. Thedesigner made a mistake in his calcu-

lations. H omnScfl b mocm xoBapn-

me. / was disappointed in myfriend, fl omnSajiCH, KOPAa AyMaJi oxe6e HJIOXO. / was wrong when

I thought badly of you. FjiyGoKO

omnGaxbCH. To be greatly mistaken.

OfflHEflTbCfl see OfflHBAXbCH

OmflBlKA /.,gen. pi. -ok mistake

FpyCafl omnSKa. A gross mistake.

CAeJiaxb omnSKy. To make a mis-

take. IlHcaxb c omiiSKaMH. To makemistakes in writing. HcHpaBJiaxb

omnCKH. To correct mistakes. Cp,e-

jiaxb qx6-HH6yAb no omri6Ke. Todo something by mistake. npH3H^xb

CBdlo omM6Ky. To admit one's mis-

take. Co3HaxbcH b cbogh omriCne.

To confess one's mistake.

n, n

nA/Â|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. k y-

Aa?//). ynalcxb, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx,

past yn^ji, -a, -0, -h

1. to fall. OceHbK) jiHCXbH naAaiox

c AepeBbeB na scmjiio. In autumn

leaves fall from the trees to the

ground.

2. fig. to drop. K yxpy xeMnepa-

xypa y Sojibuoro ynajia. By the

morning the patient's tempera-ture had dropped.

ÂJIE^ m., gen. âJlbâ finger, toe

^jiPiHHHe uajihUM. Long fingers.

BoJibmoH naJien;. The thumb. Yua-

saxejibHHH najiei^. The forefinger.

IIOKasbiBaxb najibiêM. To point

with the finger.

<> CMOTpeXb Ha qTO-JIHSo CKBOSb

najibHbi. To close one's eyes to

something. Snaxb mto-jihSo kek

CBOH HHTb naJibn.eB. To havesomething at one's finger-tips.

nAJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok stick

OuHpaTbCfl Ha naJiKy. To lean on a

stick. Jlumuue^ naJiKH. Ski sticks^

^ JXenATh qxo-JiHSo H3-noA naji-

KH. To do something under the lash.



HAJI 95 HAX

HAJIblO neut., indecl. overcoat

SHMHee najibTo. A winter overcoat.

HaJêBaTb naJibTo- To put on an

overcoat. GHHMaTb naJiBxo. To take

off an overcoat. TyjiflTb 6e3 najib-

t6. To take a walk without an over-

coat on.

nAMflTHHK m.

1. K o M y? q e M y? monument.IlaMflTHHK nvfflKHHy. A monu-

ment to Pushkin.

2. Hero? monument. IlaMHTHHK

apxHTeKxypH. A monument of

architecture.

HAMHTb /., no pi.

1. memory, y nee njioxaH naMHXb.

She has a poor memory.2. memory. IlaMflTb o xex ahhx

HHKorjta He HCHesneT. The mem-ories of those days will live

for ever.

<> IIoAapHTb ^t6-jih6o KOMy-JiH-

6o Ha naMflTb. To give something

to somebody as a keepsake, nojiy-

HHTb qTO-JiHô OT Kor6-JiH6o na

naMHTb. To get something from some-

body as a keepsake. YiHTb Ha

naMHTb. To learn by heart.

nAlIA m. daddy

HAnHPOCA /. cigarette

KpenKHe nannpocH. Strong ciga-

rettes. KypHTb nannpocy. To smoke

a cigarette.

IIAP m., pi. -H vapour

BojlHHoH nap. Water vapour. HpnTeMnepaxype 100 rpa^ycoB L[ejibCHH

Boâ npeBpan];aexcH b nap. At a

temperature of 100° C. water turns

into vapour.nAPA /.

1. pair. Ilapa xy$ejib. A pair of shoes.

2. couple. B 3aJie xanneBajio ne-

CKOJibKO nap. Several couples

were dancing in the hall. MoJio-

flaH napa. A young couple.

IIAPAJ^ m. parade

BoeHHHH napa^. A military pa-

rade. (DH3KyjibxypHHH napaA- Asports parade. Bbixb na napaA©-

Tobe

onparade.

nAPlEHb m., gen. -hh lad

Th xopomnn napenbl — cKasaJi

OH. ''You are a fine ladJ he said.

IIAPHKMAXEP m. barber, hairdresser

PaSoxaxb napHKMaxepoM. To work

as a barber (hairdresser).

nAPHKMAXEPCKlAH /., gen. -oh,

pi. -He

MyjKCKaH napHKMdxepcKaH. Bar-

ber's shop. TKeHCKafl napHKMaxep-CKaa. Hairdressing saloon.

IIAPK m. park

TopoffCKOH napK. A city park. Ty-

jiHXb B napKB. To take a walk in

the park. Xo^Hxb no napny. Towalk about in the park.

IIAPOXO^ m. steamship

HaccajKHpcKHH napoxoA. A pas-

senger steamer. PeqnoH napoxoA.

A river steamer. HJitixb (exaxb) na

napoxoAG. To sail on a ship.

HAPTEP [-X9-] m. the stalls and

the pit (in a theatre, etc.)

Mecxo B napxepe. A place in the

stalls. CHAexb b napxepe. To sit in

the stalls. Kynuxb 6hji6x b napxep.

To buy a ticket for the stalls.

nAPTH3AH m., gen. pi. napxHsan

guerrilla

Bo BpeMH BOHHw MOH 6pax 6l>IJI

napxnaanoM. During the war mybrother was a guerrilla.

I1APTH3AHCK1HH, -an, -oe, -ne guer-

rilla

IlapxHaaHCKOe ABHJKeHHe. The guer-

rilla movement. IlapxHaaHCKHH

oxpHA- A guerrilla detachment.

UAPTflflHlblH, -aa, -oe, -He party

Ilapx/iHHoe coGpaune. A party meet-

ing. riapxHHHHH 6HJiex. A party

membership card.

nAPTHH /. party

^Jien napxHH. A member of the

party. Bcxynnxb b napxHio. To join

the party.nACMYPHIblfl, -aH. -oe, -iie dull,

gloomy

IlacMypHBiH AGHL. A dull (gloomy)

day.

HACCAHCflP m. passenger

B Kyne 6ujio Hexwpe naccaHîipa.

There were four passengers in the

compartment.

HATPHOT m.

1. patriot. BopbSa naxpnoxoB aa

ocBoSomAeHHO CBoen cxpanbi.

The struggle of the patriots for

the liberation of their country.

2. enthusiast. HaxpHox cBoero Ae-

Jia. An enthusiast for a cause.

IIAXATb, namy, namemb, namyximp. H T 0? He M?//>. Bcnaxaxb,



HAX 96 HEP

Bcnamy, Bcnamemb, Bcnamyr

to plough

IlaxaTb aeMJiK). To plough the

land.

nAXHiyXb, -y, -emb, -yi, past nax,-jia, -jio, -JiH imp. q e M? to smell

/^yxH npHHTHO n^XHyx. The per-

fume smells pleasant. \impers. Ha

Jiyry npHaxHO ndxHex cchom.

There is a pleasant smell of hay in

the meadow.

nAH|KA /., gen. pi -eK packet

na4Ka caxapa. A packet of sugar.

naqKa nannpoc. A packet of ciga-

rettes.

MHCHH /. pensionIleHCHH no cx^pocxH. An old-age

pension. IloJiynaxb nencHio. To get

a pension. Buhxh na neHCHio, To

retire on a pension. BHXb na nen-

CHH. To be on pension.

^ll;ÊJlbHHÂ /. ash-tray

HEPEBECTfl see nEPEBOAflTbÊPEBC);^ m.

1. translation. Tohhlih nepoBOfl.

An exact translation. GfleJiaxb

nepeBOA- To make a translation.

2. transfer. IlepeBOA êner no ndn-

xe. A postal order.

IIEPEBOAflTb, nepeBOjKy, nepeso-

flnmb, nepcBOAHx imp. hxo?/

p. nepeBe|cxri, -^y, -Aemb, -Ayx, past

nepeBcji, nepeBeJi|a, -6, -a

1. to take. llepeBecxH peSenKa

Hepea yjinny. To take a child

across the street.

2. to transfer. nepesecxH ênbra no

TeJierpi(|)y. To send money bytelegraph.

3. to translate. IlepeBecxH KHHry c

(|)paHEty3CKoro HSHKa na pyc-

CKHH. To translate a book from

French into Russian.

nEPEBO;^HHK m. translator, inter-

preter

HepeBOA^HK c anrjinncKoro asHKa.

An English translator (interpreter).

VcxHWH nepeBOA^HK. An interpret-

er. PaSoxaxb nepenoA^nKOM. Towork as a translator (interpreter).

nEPEBb'inOJIHHTb see nEPEBbl-nOJlHUTb

HEPEBbinOJlHUlTb, -ro, -emb, -K)x

imp. qxo/p. nepeBwnonnlHXb, -to,

-nmb, -Hx to overfulfil

IlepeBHnojiHHXb njian. To overful-

fil a plan. nepcBMnoJiHHXb nopMy.

To overfulfil the quota.

DEPErnATb see nEPEPOHHTb

HEPErOBOPbl no sing, o hom?talks, negotiations

JleperoBopu o Mnpe. Peace talks.

IleperoBopu Me«Ay cxpanaMH.

Negotiations between countries. Bec-

TH neperoBdpu c k6m-jih6o o hbm-

jih6o. To conduct negotiations with

somebody about something. Ilepero-

BopH cocxoHJiHCb B Mockb6. The

negotiations took place in Moscow.

nEPErOHUlTb, -10, -emb, -lox imp.

Kor6?* xo?

Bêm?//>. nepe-

rnaxb, neperoHio, neperonnmb, ne-

peroHHx, past neperaaji, -rnajia,

-FH^jilo, -H to overtake

3xox cnopxcM^H nepernaji Bcex bo

BpeMH copeBHOBaHHH. This sports-

man overtook everyone in the com-

petition.

UEPEp, prep. + instr.

1. in front of. IlepeA okhom. In

front of the window.

2. before. IlepeA ypoKOM. Before

the lesson.

3.: Mne cxhaho nepeA BaMH. / feel

guilty towards you.

IIEPEÂIBATb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

q X 0? K o M y?/p. nepeA^xb, nepe-

AaM, nepeAamb, nepeAacx, nepeAa-

AHM, nepeAaAHxe, nepeAaAyT, past

nepeAaji, -a, nepeAaji|o, -h

1. to give. HepeAaxb nncbMo Apy-ry. To give a letter to a friend.

2. to tell. HepeAanxe npHBex poA-

HHM. Give my regards to yourrelatives. IlepeAaH CMy, mo a

CKopo npHAy. Tell him that I'll

come soon.

3. to broadcast. IlepeAaBaxb koh-

n,epx no paAno. To broadcast a

concert. IlepeAaBaxb nocJieAHHe

H3BecxHH. To broadcast the news.

HEPEJÂTb see nEPEÂBAXbHEPEÂHA /. broadcast

IlepeA'^â no paAHO. Radio broad-

cast. Cjiymaxb nepcAany. To lis-

ten to a broadcast.

HEPEÔBlOfl, -aH, -6e. -we

1. foremost. OepeAOBdH pa66qHH.

A foremost worker.

2. advanced. HepcAOB^H x^XHHKa.

Advanced technique.



HEP 97 HEC

nEPEE35KA|Tb, -k), -emb, -k)t

imp./p. nepeexaTfc, nepeeAly, -emb,

1. He pea hto? or hto? to cross.

IlepeexaTb (êpea) rpaHHii;y. Tocross the border. IlepeexaTb (^le-

pea) peKy. To cross the river.

2. o T K y 3 a? K y A a? to move.IlepeexaTb na HOByio KBapTjipy.

To move to a new place (of res-

idence). IlepeexaTb h3 MockbhB JleHHHrpaA- To move fromMoscow to Leningrad. Ilepeea-

H?aTb c MecTa ea MecTO. To keep

moving from one place to anoth-

er.

HEPEEXATb see HEPEESHCATBHEPEttTfl see HEPEXOAflTbHEPEMEHA /.

1. change. UepeMeHa KJiHMaTa. Achange of climate.

2. change. B ero mmmi nponao-

mJiH Sojibmwe nepeMeHH. Great

changes took place in his life.

llEPEHECTfl see HEPEHOCflTbIXEPEHOCflTb, nepenomy, nepeno-

CHrab, nepeHOCHT imp. k o r 6?

H T o?/p. nepeneclTH, -y, -emb, -yT,past nepenec, nepeHecji|a, -6, -h

1. to carry. nepenecTH pe6eHKa

lepea flopory. To carry the child

across the road. HepeHecTH BemnH3 OflHOH KOMHaTH B ji;pyryio.

To carry the things from one

room to another.

2. to endure. IlepeHecTii TajKOJiyio

6oJie3Hb. To suffer a serious

illness.

3. to put off. nepenecTH coSpanne

ua ;5pyr6e BpeMH. To put off a

meeting to another time.

HEPEnHCATb see IIEPEnflCblBATbHEPEnflCblBAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot

imp. H T o? I p. nepeuHcaTb, nepe-

nnmy, nepeniimemb, nepennmyTto copy

UepenHcaTb tokct. To copy a text.

HEPEPblB m. i

1. interval, break. IlepepuB b pa-

SoTe. A break in work. HocJie

TpexjieTHero nepepusa ona cho-

Ba nomjia paSoTaTb. After a three

years' interval she went to work

again.

2. interval. IlepepMB MejK^y JieK-

ij;HaMH. An interval between

7—4002

lectures. GffeJiaTb nepepHB. Tohave a break.

<> OSeêHHbiH nepepuB. A break

for lunch. The dinner hour.

ÊPECAJ^|KA /., gen. pi. -ok changeGaeJiaTb nepecaAKy. To change.

ExaTb c nepecaAKaMH, Sea nepecaa-

KH. To have to change (trains, etc.),

not to have to change (trains, etc.).

IIEPECTAIBATb, -i6, -emb, -iot imp.

-\- inf. Ip. nepecTa|Tb, -ny, -nemb,

-HyT to cease, to stop

/lloJKAb nepecTaJi. The rain has

stopped. PeSenoK nepecTaJi njia-

KaTb. The child stopped crying. Ile-

pecTaHbTe paaroBapHBaTbl Stop talk-

ing ^

HEPECTATb see nEPECTABATbIIEPEy'JI|OK m., gen. -Ka lane, street

yaKHH nepeyjiOK. A narrow street.

IIEPEXOJIi ^- passage, crossing

IIoAaeMHBiH nepexoA- An under-

ground passage. EepexoA Hepea

yjiHD;y. A street crossing.

HEPEXOAflTb, nepexojKy, nepexo-

AHmb, nepexoAHT imp. Ip. nepeH|TH,

-Ay, -Aerab,^ -AyT, past nepemeji,

nepemJija, -6, -h1. qepea hto? or hto? to cross.

HepexoAHTb nepea yjiHn;y. Tocross the street. IlepexoAHTb

rpaHHEty. To cross the border.

HepexoAHTb nepea moot. To cross

a bridge.

2. to change. HepeHTH na Apyryio

paSoTy. To change one's fob.

3. to pass. BjiacTb nepemjia BpyKHHapoAa. The power passed into

the handsof

the people.

IIEP|EE[ m., gen. -â pepper

HepHLiH nepen;. Black pepper. Kpac-

HHH nepen;. Cayenne pepper. FopbRHHnepen;. Hot pepper. Maco c nepn,eM.

Meat with pepper.

IIEPO neut., pi. nepba

1. feather. Ilepo nTHn;bi. A bird's

feather.

2. nib. SojiOToe nepo. A gold nib.

HEPHATIKH pi, gen. pi. -ok; sing.

nepqaTKa /. gloves

KoacaHHe nepnaTKH. Leather gloves.

JleTHHe nepqaTKH. Summer gloves.

HaACTb nepqaTKH. To put on one's

gloves.

IIEC|Hfl /., gen. pi, -en o kom? o

HOM? song



EEC njiA

HapoflHaH necHH. A folk song, flexb

necHK) jiioSbh. To sing a love song.

nEClOK m., gen. -Ka sand

MopcKOH necoK. Sea bottom sand.

MeJiKHH necoK. Fine sand. JleHtaxt

Ha necKe. To lie on the sand.

<> CaxapHMH necoK. Granulated

sugar.

IIETb, no|K), -emt, -m imp. h t o? o

k6m?o hgm? kom y?/p. cneib,

cnolK), -enib, -k)t to sing

ITexb necHK) flpysbHM. To si/i^ a

song to one's friends. IleTb c qyB-

CTBOM. To sing with feeling. Deib

xopoM. To sing in chorus.

IIEHAJIbHIblfl, -aH, -oe, -ue sad.melancholy

HeqaJibHaH MysbiKa. Sad music.

HeâJibHoe HacTpoenne. A melan-

choly mood. IleâJibHHe rjiaaa. Sadeyes.

nEÂTAjTb, -K).^ -emb, -lox imp.

H T 0? / /?. HaneHaxalxb, -lo, -emb, -lox

1. to publish, to print. Haneîa-

xaxb cxaxbK) b HxypnaJie. To pub-

lish an article in a magazine.

2. to type. Ileqaxaxb na MamnnKe.To type on a typewriter.

HEHATB /.

1. lit. & fig. seal, stamp.

2. press.

IIEHEHbE neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits

CJia^Koe nenenbe. Sweet pastry.

Han c neieHbeM. Tea and biscuits.

HeqeHbe k âio. Tea biscuits.

HEmKOM adv.^ on foot

Haxh nemKOM. To go on foot.

nnAHflHO neut., indecl. upright

piano

Hrpaxb Ha nnaHHHO. To play the

piano.

nflBO neut., no pi. beer

Xojio/IHoe HHBO. Cold beer. Ilnxb

napo. To drink beer. KpyHtKa nii-

Ba. A mug of beer.

^HJ^3KAK m., gen. -a jacket

JI^THHH ^H;^}KaK. A summer jacket.

HocHXb HHfljKaK. To wear a jacket.

DHHCAMA /. pyjamas

Tenjian nnHtaMa. Warm pyjamas.

Cnaxb B HHwaMe. To sleep in one's

pyjamas.

nnOHEP m.

1. a Young Pioneer. Moh 6pax —nnonep. My brother is a YoungPioneer.

2. pioneer. IlHOHepH KocMOca. Thepioneers of Space.

IIHPOaCHlOE neut., gen. -oro fancy

cake

rieco^Hoe nnpoH^Hoe. A shortcake.

nnpoJKHoe c KpeMOM. A cream cake.

Han c nnpoMCHLiM. Tea and cakes.

Kynnxb H^CKOJibKo nnpoJKHWx. Tobuy some cakes.

nHPOH^lOK m., gen. -Ka small pie

nnCATEJlb m. writer

IlHCATb, nnmy, nnmemb, nrimyTimp. q X o? k o m y? o kom?one u?/p. Hanncaxb, nannmy, na-

nrimemb, Hannmyx to write

a) Oh njrmex nncbMo poAHxeJiHM.ê is writing a letter to his par-

ents.

b) IlHcaxb cxHXii. To write poetry,

Hanncaxb KHPiry o jkhshh yqe-

HHX. To write a book on the life

of scientists. Oh nanncaJi o x6m>

Hxo BHêJi BO BpeMH uyxemecx-

BHH. He wrote about what he saw

on his journey.

IIHCbMO neut., pi. nMCLMa, gen. pL

nnceM KOMy? letterô;^p66Hoe nncbMo. A detailed letter.

SaKasHoe hhclmo. A registered let-

ter. HocbiJiaxb HHCbMO. To send a let-

ter. IIoJiyHHXb nncbMo. To receive aletter. HncbMo Jipyry. A letter to

one's friend.

nHTb, nb|K), -emb, -lox, past hhji, hh-

Jia, HHJiIo, -H imp. H X o? / /). bw-HHXb, BbinblK), -emb, -lox, past bw-

nHJi, -a, -0, -H to drink

IlHXb BOAy- To drink water. BbinHXb.

lamKy K6$e.j To have a cup of

coffee.

njIABA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. rê?Kyâ? to swim, to sail

H jih)6jik) HJiaBaxb. / like to swim^

KajKfl;biH fleHb oh nJiasaJi na ocx-

poB. Every day he swam to the is-

land. IIoqxH roA OH njiaBaji Maxpo-

COM Ha SoJibmoM napoxoAe. For al-

most a year he sailed on a large

ship as a deckhand.

nJlAjKATb, -qy, -qemb, -qyx imp./

p. 3anjia|Kaxb, -qy, -qemt, -qyx (p.

verb shows beginning of action) to cry

FopbKO nJiaKaxb. To cry bitterly.

IIJiaKaxb ox 66jih. To cry with pain.

njIAH m. plan

IIJiaH pa66xH. A plan of work. IlJiaa



nJiA 99 no

paSBHTHH HapOAHOrO X03flHCTBa. Aplan of national economic develop-

ment. BbinoJiHHTb njian. To fulfil

a plan.^ IlepeBBinoJiHHTb nJian na

50% (npoiieHTOB). To overfulfil the

plan by 60%.njIAHETA /. planet

âJieKan njianexa. A distant planet.

njIAHSPlOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT

imp. q T 0? to plan

IIJiaHHpoBaTb paGoxy. To plan one's

work. Hjiae/ipoBaTb cBoe BpeMH. To

plan one's time.

njIACTflHlKA /., gen. pi. -ok record

IIocTaBbTe HOByK) njiacTHHRyl Put

a new record on FpaMnjiacTitHKH.Gramophone records.

njIACTMACCA /. plastics

HsAeJiHH H3 nJiaCTMaccM. Plastic

articles.

njIATA /. payment

3apa6oTHafl njiaxa. A salary, a

wage IlJiaTa 3a bxoa- Admission fee.

njiara sa npoe3;i;. Fare.

njIATflTb, njiaqy, nJiaTHmb, nJiaTHX

imp. iTO? 3a HTO? 3a koto?

H e M?/p. sanjiaTHTb, 3anJiaHy, sa-

njiaTHfflb, sanjiaTHT

1. to pay. IIjiaTHTb (AeHbrn) 3a no-

KynKy. To pay (money) for a

purchase. SanjiaxHTb sa xoBapn-

ni;a. To pay for one's friend.

2. fig. to return. IlJiaxHXb JiioCoBbio

3a 3a66xy. To return love for

solicitude.

njIAT|OK m., gen. -Ka

1. scarf. HpKHH njiaxoK. A bright

scarf.

2.: HocoBoH njiaxoK. A handkerchief.

njIATOOPMA /. truck, platform

JKejiesHOflopoJKHaH njiaT(|)6pMa. Arailway truck. JKâxb na njiax(|)6p-

Me. To be waiting on the platform.

njIATBE neut,gen. pi. nJiaxbeB

1. dress. EHejiKOBoe njiaxbe. A silk

dress. Ha Hen 6hjio oêHb Kpa-

CHBoe njiaxbe. She had a beauti-

ful dress on.

2. no /?L clothes. MarasiiH BepxneronJiaxbfl. A clothes shop.

nJIAm m., gen. -a raincoat

HenpOMOKaeMbiH njiam. A water-

proof coat.

njIEMUHHHK m. nephew

^JIEM}^HHHÂ /. niece

nJIEHlKA /., gen. pi. -ok film

IlpoflBMXb HJieHKy. To develop a

film^

nJIEHO neut., pi. nJie^H shoulder

ninpoKHe njie^H. Broad shoulders.

riojiojKHxb pyKy KOMy-;iH6o na njie-

qo. To put one's hand on somebody's

shoulder.

<> Eiuy axo hb no njieqy. This is

beyond his capacity {power, etc.) Pa-

SoTaxb njieôM k njie^y c Kein-JiHSo.

To work hand-in-hand with some-

body.

njIOTflHA /. damnJIOXlOfl, -an, -6e, -lie. short form

nJiox, njioxa, njioxo, hjioxh; adv.njioxo; comp. xyjKe (q.v.) bad

riJioxaa noroAa. Bad weather. Ujio-

xoe HacxpoeuHe. A bad mood. Ero

AeJia nJioxH. He is in a bad way.

EMy nJioxo. He feels bad. IIjioxo

paSoxaxb. To work badly.

njIOmAmKA /., gen. pi. -ok ground,

pitch

CnopxHBHaH nJioma^Ka. A sports

ground.

njIOmA^b /., gen. pi. en1. square. UêHxp^JibHaH njiomaAb.

A central square. OoHxaH na

nJioTDâjxn. A fountain in a

square.

2. area. HjionâAb xpeyroJibUHKa.

The area of a triangle.

njIbllTb, -By, -Bemb, -Byx imp. Ky-

A a? H a q e M? to swim, to sail

CnopxcMeu njiHBCx k 6epery. The

sportsman is swimming towards the

shore. JIoAâ nJiMBex no peKe. The

boat is sailing on the river. JJê-

XH nJibiByx Ha JioAKe. The children

are sailing in a boat.

njIH3K m. beach

IlecqaHbiH ujihjk. A sandy beach.

JleJKaxb (saropaxb) na njifiJKe. To

lie (to sunbathe) on the beach.

no prep.

I. + dat.

1. along. Haxh no Aopore. To go

along the road. Xo^HTb no k6m-

naxe. To walk about in the room.

2. on, according to. npnexaxb no npn-

rJiameHHK). To come on somebody's

invitation. CêJiaxb no coBexy

KOr6-JiH6o. To do something on

somebody's advice. Pa66xaTb no

njiany. To work according to plan.



noB 100 nor

3. over. ToBopHTb no Tejieôny. To

speak over the telephone. nepefl;a-

na no pa^HO. A radio broadcast.

4.: TeipaAb no ^hshkb. A physics

copy-hook. HeMnnoH no rHMnacTH-

Ke. A gymnastics champion.

5. in + '^^ in pl' SaHHMaxbCH no

BeqepaM. To study in the eve-

nings.

6. on. IIoexaTb no êJiaM. To go on

business.

II. -J- ace.

1. to. C naxoro no BocbMoe hhcjio.

From the fifth to the eighth (in-

cluded).

II0BEJ1;A /. HaJ^ kgm? naji; hgm?victory

IIoJiHaH no6efl;a. A complete victory.

OflepjKaTb noSefly na^ BparoM. Towin a victory over the enemy. Bep-

nyxbCH c no6eAOH. To return vic-

torious.

nOBEAHTB see UOBETKJlJiThU0BE1iKJ\A\Th, -10, -enib, -lox imp.

K r 6? q X 0? / p. no6eA|HXb, 1st

pers. sing, not used, -nnib, -hx to win,

to conquer, to defeat, to overcomeIloGeAHXb Bpara. To defeat the ene-

my. IIoSeAHXb B Bonne. To win a

victory in a war. HoSejKAaTb cxpax.

To conquer fear. ô6e;^HXb 6oJie3Hb.

To overcome an illness.

nOBJIArOAAPflTB see BJIArOÂ-PflTB

nOBJIEJ^HETB see BJIE^HETBnOBPflTBCH see BPflTBCHno-BAmEMy

1. adv. asyou want. Mh

cêJiaJiH

no-BameMy. We did as you want-

ed us to.

2. paren. word in your opinion.

Ho-BameMy, axo npaBHJibno? Doyou think it is right?

nOBEAEHHE neut. behaviour

CnpoMHoe noBeêHHe. Modest be-

haviour. GxpaHHoe noBeêHHe.

Strange behaviour.

nOBKPHTB see BEPHTBnOBEPHS^TBCH see HOBOPAHH-

BATBCHnOBEPXHOCTB /. surface

Ha noBepxHOcxH aeMJiH. On the

earth's surface. J^Bumeune no no-

BepxHOcxH. Movement along a sur-

face.

nOBECHTB see BfilHATB

nOBOPAHHBAITbCH, -locb, -enibOH,

-loxcfl imp. Kyfla?//). noBepnlyxb-

cfl, -ycb, -embcfl, -yxcH to turn

IIoBopaqHBaxbCH na cnnny. To turn

on to one's back. IToBepnyxbCH cuhhohK OKHy. To turn one's back to the

window. rioBepnyxbCH najieso. Toturn to the left.

nOBTOPEHHE neut. review, recapi-

tulation

IIoBXopeHHe Maxepnajia. Recapitula-

tion of the material.

<> rioBTopeHbe — MaTb yqeHbH(proverb). Repetition is the mother

of learning.

nOBTOPHTb see nOBTOPHXb

nOBTOPflXbCH see nOBTOPUXBCfl

nOBTOPHlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

q X o?/p. noBxoplHXb, -i6, -Hmb, -hx

1. to repeat. IIoBxopHxe, noHâjiyn-

cxa. Repeat that, please.

2. to review. IIoBxopHXb yp6K. Toreview one's lesson.

nOBTOPHlTBCH, -locb, -embCH, -lox-

cfl imp./p. noBXoplHXbCH, -locb,

-HfflbCfl, -axCH1. to recur. 3xo cjiobo nacxo no-

Bxopaexcfl b xeKcxe. This word

often recurs in the text.

2. to repeat oneself. J]|oKJiaAqHK

Hacxo noBXopnJicH. The speaker

often repeated himself.

norACflTB see rACflTbnOPHBAlTB, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

ox Her 6?//>. nornSnlyxb, -y, -emb,

-yx, past norH6, -Jia, -Jio, -jih to

perishftoriiSHyxb ox nyjin. To perish froma bullet.

nOrflBHyTb see nOPHBATBnorjlA^HTB see FJlAJlllTh

norJIHA^TB see TJIHAETbnOrOBOPlflTb, K), -nmb, -ht p.

o K 6 M? q e M? c Ken? to

talk

IIoroBopHXb o nor6fle. To talk about

the weather. Mne naffo noroBopHXb

c BaMH. / must speak to you.

norO/Â /., no pl. weather

KaKan ceroflna noroAa? What is

the weather like today? Bee Ji6xo

cxoflJia njioxan noroAa- I'he whole

summer the weather was bad.

noryjiHTb see ryjiHxb



noA 101 noA

UOJS, (nOAO) prep. + ace. & instr.

I. + instr.

1. under. Oh chjigji noA AepesoM.

ife was sitting under a tree.

2. jig. under. PaCoxaTb no^ pyno-BOffCTBOM... To work under...

BojibHOH 6hji noA HaGJUoffenneM

Bpana. The patient was under

medical observation.

3. near. JKhtb no^ Mockboh. To live

near Moscow.

4. in. Hath nofl aoJKAGM. To walk in

the rain.

II. + ace.

1. under. Oh ceJi no^ êpeBO. He

sat down under a tree.

2. to. TaHi;eBaTi> noa MVSHKy. To

dance to music.

IIOAAlBATb, -K), -emb,^ -i6t imp.

H T o? K M y?/p. noASiTb, noAaM,

noAamb, noAacT, noAaj],HM, noâ-

flHxe, noAafliyT, />as^ noAaji, noâjia,

noAajiIo, -H

1. to help on. IIoAaBaTb najibio

AeBymKe. To help the girl on

with her coat.

2. to serve. HoAaBaxb nan na ctoji.To serve tea.

3. to extend. HoAaBaTb pyny. To

extend one's hand.

•^ PyKOH noAaxb A stone's throw

(from).

nOAAPHTb see AAPflTbnOAAPlOK m., gen. -Ka present

AoporoH noflapoK. An expensive

present. CfleJiaib noâpoK apyry.

To give a present to one's friend.

IIoJiyqiiTb noAapoK ox APyra. To

receive a present from one's friend.

nOAATb see nOAABATbnoaBHr m. feat

TpyAOBOH noABHr. A feat of

labour. CoBepmHXb noABHr. To ac-

complish a jeat.

nOABOAHlblH, -aa, -oe, -bie under-

water

noABOAHHH MHp. The underwater

world. HoABOAHafl oxoxa. Underwa-

ter hunting. IIoABOAHaH JiOAKa. Asubmarine.

noarOTOBHTb see rOTOBHTb, 2

nogrOTOBKA /. K H e M y?

1. preparation. HoAroxoBKa k 3K-

saMenaM. Preparation for exami-

nations.

2. grounding. Y Hero xopomaH

noAroxoBKa no MaxeMaxHKe. Heis well grounded in mathematics.

nOAAEPHCATb see HOAAEPH^H-BATb

nOAAEP^HBAITb, -K), -emb, -iot

imp. Koro? hxo? Hem? b hg m?/

p. noAAepHâxb, noAAepJKy, noAAep-

jKHHib, noAAepatax

1. to support. HoAAepJKaxb Apyra

coBexoM B xpyAHyio Mnnyxy. To

help a friend with one's advice

at a difficult time.

2. to second. HoAAepJKaxb npeAJio-

jKeHHe Ha co6paHHH. To second

a move at a meeting.

nOAHÂPHTb see HCAPHTbnOAMECTfl see nOAMETATbnOAMETA|Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

q T o? q e u>lp. noAMelcxiT, -xy,

-xemb, -xyx, past hoamcji, noAMe-

jija, -6, -H to sweep

HoAMexaxb noji. To sweep the floor.

nOAHHMAITb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

K r 6? H T 0?//). nOAHHXb, nOAHH-

My, noAHWMemb, noAHHMyx, past

noAHflJi, noAHHJia, hoahhjiIo, -h

1. to pick up, to lift. IIoAHHXbxex-

paAfc c noJia.To pick up a copy-book

from the floor. IIOAHHXb peSeuKa.

To lift a child. IIoAHflXb pyny.

To raise one's hand. IIOAHaxb

BopOTHHK. To raise one's collar.

2. to rouse. IIoAHflXb c nocxeJin.

To rouse.

<> IXoAHHTfa myM, KpHK. To make

a noise, to start shouting.

nOAHHMAITbCH, -locb, -embcH, -lox-

CH imp. /p. noAHflxbCH, noAHHMycb,

noAHHMembCfl, noAHHMyxca, past

nOAHH|jICH (& nOAHHJICfl), -Jiacb,

-JlOCb, -JIHCb

1. to get up. noAHHMaxbCH yxpoM c

nocxeJiH. To get up in the morning.

2. to ascend. IIOAHHMaxbCH na ro-

py. To ascend a mountain. IIoa-

HHMaxbCH no JiecxHHi];e. To go

up the stairs.

3. to rise. IIoAHHMaxbCH na 6opb-

6y c BparoM. To rise to the

struggle against the enemy.

4. fig. to go up. I^GHH na npoAyK-

XH nOAHflJiiicb. The prices of

food-stuffs have gone up.

5. fig. to begin. IIoAHflJicfl iiiyM. Anoise began. HoAHflJiCH CHJibHHH

Bexep. A strong wind has risen.



nofl 102 no»(

nO^HOC m. tray

nOAHIlTb see nO^HHMATbnOAHIlTbCH see nOAHHMATbCHnOAOaCAIATb, -y, -emb, -yi, past

noflOjKAaji, no;to>KAajia, no;to>KAa-

ji|o, -H p. Koro? HTO? or Hero?to wait

noTô>KAeM eme HeMHoro LeVs wait

a hit longer

nOjaiOflTfl see no^xoAflTbnoflnncATb êe noj^niicbiBATbnOAnflCbIBA|Tb, -H), -emb, -iot imp.

H T 0? / p. noAHHcaTb, no;i;nHiny,

noflniiraeinb, noAniimyT to sign

noAOHcaxb flOKyMeHT. To sign a

document. IIo/inHcaTb ôroBop. Tosign a treaty. IloAnHcaTb corjiaine-

HHe. To sign an agreement.

IIOAPOBHIblfl, -afl, -oe, -He; adv.

no;tp66HO detailed

lioApoGHoe HHCbMo. A detailed let-

ter. Oh noAp66HO paccKaaaJi o cbogh

noesAKe. He described his trip in

detail.

ÔJ^PyÂ /. (female) friend

niKoJibHaa noApyra. A school friend.

no;i;pyra aexcTBa. One's playmate.ÔJ^PyHCflTbCH, noApyjKycb, no-

flpywHmbCH, noApyacaxcH p. c

K e M? to become friends

nOflpyJKHTbCH C HOBHMH TOBapH-

ntaMH. To make new friends. Bhct-po noApy>KMTbCfl. To become friends

quickly.

nOATBEP^flTb see nOATBEP-ÂATb

^0;^TBEP3KÂ|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot

imp. q T o?/p. noATBeplAHTb, -Hcy,-flHmb, -AflT to confirm

Oh noATBepAHJi, hto npHaei saBx-

pa. He confirmed that he would

come the next day.

nOJ^YMATb see ^yMATb^0;^ym|KA /.. gen. pi. -en pillow.

cushion

nOJ^XO/^flTb, noflxojKy, noaxoAnmb,

noAxoAHT imp. k k m y? k h e-

My?/p. noflOHlTH, -fly, -flemb, -ayx,

past noflomeji, noAomJi|a, -6, -h

1. to approach, lIoAXOAiiTb k ok-

Hy. To approach the window.

2. KOMy? to fit. 3xH xy^Jin Mne

noflxoflHT. These shoes fit me.

nOflHEPKHBAITb, -K), -emb. -iot

imp. q T o?/p. noflqepKHlyxb, -y,

-Smb. -yT

1. to underline. HoflHepKHyTb cjio-

Ba KapaHflamoM. To underline

words in pencil.

2. fig. to emi)hasise. B flOKJiaae

H ooflHepKHyji 3HaHeHHe 3Toro

H3o6peTeHHH. In my report I

emphasised the importance of

this invention.

ÔJ^HEPKHyTb see nonq£pKH-BATb

nOAT>E35KA|Tb, -lo, -emb. -lox imp.

K KOMy? K qeMy? / p. noAT.6-

xaxb, noA-beAly, -emb, -yx to ap-

proach, to drive up to

nofl-beaHtaTb k ropoAy. To approach

the town. ABx66yc noA'bexafl k oc-

xanoBKe. The bus drove up to. the stop.

nOJliT>EM m.

1. ascent. U.oji'heM b ropy 6hji xpy-

flCH. Climbing the mountain was

difficult.

2. enthusiasm. ApTiicTU nrpaJiH c

CoJibmiiM noAteMOM. The actors

performed with great enthusiasm.

nOAT>EXATb see nO/^TjESaCATbnOESJi; m., pi. -a train

CKopHH noesA. A fast train. ExaxbHa noesAe. To go by train. Ilepe-

cecxb Ha noesA- To change for a train.

nOE3mKA /., gen. pi. -ok trip, tour

HnxepecHaH noesAKa. An interesting

trip. IIoeBAKa no crpaue. A tour of-

the country.

nOECTb, HoeM, noemb, noecT, ooeAiiM,

nocAHTe, HoeAHT, past noeji, -a, -o,

-H to eat

noHACM HoeAHMl Let's go and get

something to eatnOF.XATb, noeAly, -emb, -yT p. k y-

A d? Ha q e M? to go, to drive

Iloexaxb Ha aKCKypcnio. To go on

an excursion. ABT66yc ocTaHOBHJiCH

OKOJio AOMa, a hotom noexaJi jianh-

me. The bus stopped near the house

and then drove on. JleTOM mm no-

CAGM na i6r. In summer we shall go

to the south.

<> Iloexajio na Mexpo (colloq.)

Let's go by the underground

nOaCAJIETb see HCAJIETb

nOJKAjIOBATbCH see JKAJIOBATb-

CHnOJKAjiyflCTA particle please

HaBHHHTe, noHtaJiyncTa. Excuse me

please. JâHTe Mne, nowaJiyncTa,

KHiiry. Will you give me the book.



noHC 103 noK

please? CKa>KHTe, nowaJiyncTa, rê

Mexpo? Could you tell me where the

underground station is, please? Cna-

ch6o. — HoKajiyHCTa. Thank you.

''Don't mention it.

nOUKkTh see nOJKHMATB & HCATbno5KEJIAHHE neut. wish

HoBoroAHHe nojKejiaHHH. NewYear's wishes.

noaCEJIATb see ÊJIATbnOHCHJIIOfl, -an, -6e, -He elderly

n05KHMA|Tb, -K), -eniL, -jot imp.

H T 0? / p. nojKaxb, nojKM|y, -emb,

-yT to press

1.: Ohh KpenKO noJKajiH jtpyr apyry. pyKH. They shook hands heartily.

2.: nojKHMaxb nJieHaMH. To shrug

one's shoulders.

n03AB0THTbCH see 3AB0THTbCHnOSABflÔBATb see 3ABflja(0BATb

noaABTPAKATb see BABTPAKATbnOSABHEPA adv. the day before

yesterday

3x0 cjiyqHJiocb noaaBqepa. It hap-

pened the day before yesterday.

nOSBATb see 3BATb

n03B0HflTb see 3B0HflTbII03/i;HlHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne late

nosAHHH Beêp. A late evening.

IIoaaHHe itBexM. Late flowers.

^03J^H0 adv., comp. noajKe & nosA-

Hee late

1. late. noa^HO Ho^bio. Late at

night. rioa^HO Jie^b cnaxb. To

go to bed late. Oh npHmeJi nos-

jKe Bac. He came later than you.

PeSeHOK nosAHO naqaji roBopnxb.

The child began to speak late.

2. predic. impers. (it is) late. CeHnac

noa/^HO. It's late now. IloaAHO

roBopHXb o6 3X0M. It's too late

to speak about that.

<> Jlyqrae nosAHO, »ieM HHKorAa.

Better late than never. Paeo hjih

no3AHO. Sooner or later.

nO3flOP0BATbCH see 3AOP(3BATb-CH

n033PABHTb see n03APABJlHTbn03J5PABJlHiTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

Koro? Hxo? c HeM?/p. no3Apa|-

BHXb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -Bflx to Congrat-

ulate

nosApaBHXb flpyaea c npa3;5HHK0M.

To congratulate friends on a festive

occasion. IIoaApaBHXb c ;^HeM po)K-

JteHHfl. To congratulate somebody on

his birthday. IIoBjtpaBJiflio c Hobhmtoaom / wish you a Happy NewYear

n03HAK0MHTbCH see 3HAK0-MHTbCH

nOBMATb see JIOBflTb

Ôfl[|Tfl,-;^y, -aemb, -;tyx, past nomeji,

noniJija, -6, -h p. Ky ji, a? -{- inf.

to go

noHXH B xeaxp, na KOHêpx. To go

to the theatre, to a concert. MhnoHêM ceroAHH BenepoM b rocxH.

Tonight we shall go visiting. OhMe^JieHHO nomeji k ABepn. Heslowly went towards the door. IIoH-

AeM TyJiHThl Let's go for a walk/

<>noniJiH B KHHOl (colloq.) Let's go

to the cinema

nOKA1. adv. yet. Oh noKa ne y^HxcH.

He doesn't go to school yet.

2. conj. while. * IIOKa mh aaHHMa-

JiHCb, nomeji ji,07K}},h. While we

were studying it began raining.

rioKa meji ji,omjj,h, mh CHAeJiH

JtOMa. We stayed at home as long

as it rained. IloKa He KOH^yHHCbMo, He noHAy ryjiaxb. /

won't go out before I have fin-

ished the letter.

nOKA3ATb see nOKASblBATbnOKA3ATbCfl see KA3ATbCH &

nOKA3bIBATbCHnOKA3bIBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

K o M y? H e M y? k o r 6? h x o? or

Ha Koro? na hx 6?//). noKaaaxb,

noKaJKV, noKaacemb, noKawyx

1. to show. rioKasaxb Apyry $oxo-rpa$HK). To show one's friend a

photograph.

2. to point (at, to). IIoKaaHBaxb

pyKOH Ha oSJiaKO. To point at a

cloud with one's hand.

nOKA3bIBA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-loxcfl imp./p. noKaaaxbCfl, noKa-

jKycb, noKajKembcH, noKaJKyxca to

show

Ha-aa xyq noKaaaJiocb cowinqe. The

sun showed from behind the clouds.

Jlyna xo noKasHBaJiacb, xo Hcneaa-

Jia aa o6jiaKaMH. The moon was now

visible, now hidden behind the clouds.

nOKOJiEHHE neut. generation

MoJioôe noKOJienne. The young gen-

eration. noKOJienne oxnoB. The

older generation.



noK 104 noji

nOKPACHETb see KPACHEXbnOKynAlTb, -lo, -emb, -lOT imp. k o-

r 6? H T o? K M y?//). KynHTb, Kyn-Jiio, Kynnmb, Kynnx to buy

EoKynaTb xjie6 b MarasHne. To buybread in a shop. Kynii mhg ceroji;-

HHfflHioK) raaexy Buy me today's

paper/

nOKyPflXb see KYPflTbnOKymATb see K^^fflATb

nOJI m., prepos. na -y; pi. -h floor

Hhcthh noji, A clean floor. IIo^tMe-

Taxb noJi. To sweep the floor. fleiH

HrpdJiH Ha noJiy. The children were

playing on the floor.

n6jI|E neut., pi. -a1. field. ninpoKoe nojie. A large

field. PacTH na noJie. To grow

in a field. PaSoxaxb b noJie. Towork in the field.

2. fig. field. HlnpoKoe nojie jtea-

xeJibHOCXH. A wide field of activ-

ity.

3. field. MarHHXHoe noJie. A magnet-

ic field.

4. pi. brim. niJinna c hojiamh. A

hat with a brim.nOJIE3HO adv., predic. impers. (it is)

useful

EMy nojiesHO MHoro ryjiaxb. It is

useful for him to walk a lot. BoJibHO-

My nojiesHO nnxb (|)pyKx6BHH cok. It

is good for the sick man to drink

fruit juice.

nOJIE3Hlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form nojieaen, noJie3H|a, -o, -h

useful

noJiesHafl KHiira. A useful book.

nojiesHHH coBex. Useful advice.

nOJlET m. flight

OnacHHH nojiex. A dangerous flight.

CoBepniHXb nojiex. To make a flight.

nOJIEjTETb, -Hy, -XHuib, -xhx p. to fly

HoJiexexb b kocmoc. To fly to outer

space.

nOJIflTHKA /., no pi. policy, politics

BnemnHH noJiHXHKa. Foreign poli-

cy. BnyxpeHHHH nojiHXHKa. Homepolicy. 3aHHMaxbCH uojimxhroh. Togo in for politics.

nOJlHTflHECKlHfl, -afl, oe, -ne

1. political. IIoJiHXHHecKaH o6cTa-

HOBKa. The political situation.

IIoJiHXHqecKaH 6opb6a. A politi-

cal struggle. IIojiHXHHecKHH flea-

TeJib. A politician.

2. political. IlojiHTHqecKaH 3koh6-

MHH. Political economy.

nOJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok

1. shelf. KuHJKHaH noJiKa. A book-

shelf. KuHrH cxoHx Ha nojiKe.

The books are on the shelf.

2. berth. BepxHHH (hhhchhh] hoji-

Ka B Barone. An upper (lower)

berth in a railway carriage. Jle-

Hcaxb Ha BepxHeH nojiKe. To lie

on an upper berth.

<0* IIojioHCHTb 3y6iJ Ha nojiKy. Tostarve.

nOJlH|blB[, -afl, -oe, -we, short formnoJiOH, nojiH|a, -6, -w

1. full. IIojiHbiH cxaKan BOflH. Aflass full of water. 3aJi n6jiOH

pHxeJien. The hall is full of

spectators. KoMHaxa, nojiHafl

CBexa. A room full of light.

2. complete. IIoJiHaH cBoGoAa. Com-plete freedom. IIojihhh oxamx.

Complete rest.

3. stout. nojiHbiH neJiOBCK. A stout

man.

nOJIHOCTbK) adv. completely

H noJiHOCxbK) corjiacen c BaMH. /am in complete agreement with you.

nOJIOBflHA /. half

IIoJiOBHHa nyxH. Half the way. ITo-

JiOBHHa roAa. Half a year. EepBaH

nojiOBHHa HrpLi. The first half of

a match. Bxopafl noJiOBHHa XIX Be-

Ka. The second half of the 19th

century. CcHâc noJiOBHHa raecxoro.

It is half past five. IIpHXOAH-

xe B DOJioBHHe mecxoro. Come at

half past five.

nOJIOHCEHHE neut. situation

3KOHOMHHecKoe noJiOHteuHe. Theeconomic situation. TflweJioe nojio-

jKenne. A difficult situation. OKa-

aaxbcfl B xpy^HOM noJiojKenHH. To

find oneself in a difficult situation.

HaHXH BHXOA H3 jiK)66ro noJiowe-

HHH. To find a way out of any

situation.

nOJIOHCflTb see KJIACTbnOJIOTEnmE neut., gen. pi. -e^ tow-

el

Moxnaxoe noJioxcHue. A Turkish

towel. BbixHpaxb pyKH nojioxenuew.

To dry one's hands with a towel.

nOJITOPA m. & neut., gen. noJiyxopa;

nojixopM /., num. one and a half

nOJiyOCTPOB m., pi. a peninsula



noji 105 noM

nOJiyHAITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

qTO? OT Koro? OTKYAa?/p. nojiyqHTB, nojijrqy, nojiy^HmB,

noJiynaT

1. to receive. IIojiyHaTB nacBMa h3

AOMa. To receive letters from home.

IIojiy^HTB ;êHB^H 3a pa66-

Ty. To get money for one's

work. HojiyHHTB nojtapoK ot ot-

Hdi. To get a present from one's

father. HojiyHHTB npHrjiamcHHe.

To receive an invitation.

2. to get. IIoJiyqHTB nyntHMH pe-

syjiBTaT. To get the necessary

result. HoJiyqaxB caxap hb cbck-

JiBi. To obtain sugar from beetroot.

3. to receive. HoJiyHHTB sBaHHe

npoêccopa. To receive the title

of professor. IIoJiyqHTB oxMCTKy.

To get a mark. IIojiyHHTB 6Jia-

rOAapHOCTB. To be thanked.

nOJiyHAlTBCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch imp./p.

noJijrqHTBCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. noJiy^HTCH, nojiy-

HaTCfl

1.: y MCHH He nojiyqaexcH aaflana.

/ can't manage the problem. CDoxo-

rpa$HH nojiyHHJiHCB xopomo.

The photographs proved to be

good. Saflana ne noJiyqaexcH.

The problem won't work out.

2.: impers. EoJiyqaexcH, hxo h bhho-

Bax. It looks as if I am to blame.

nojiyqflxb see nojiynATbnOJiynflTbCH see nOJiyÂTbCHnOJIÂCA m., gen. nojiynaca half an

hourH TKjiaJi ero ii;eJiHx nojiqaca. / wait-

ed for him for a whole half-hour.

Oh DHcaJi B xeqeHHe nojiyqaca. Hewrote for half an hour.

nOJIb3A /. use

JlenapcxBO npHuecJio GojiBinyio

noJiBsy CoJiBHOMy. The medicine

helped the sick man very much.

nOJIb3|OBATbCH, -yiocB, -yemBCH,

-yioxcH imp. q e m? / /?. bochojibbIo-

BaxBCH, -yiocB, -yemBCH, -yioxcH

1. to use. IIojiBBOBaxBCH 6H6jiH0xe-

KOH. To use a library. Hojibbo-

BaXBCH HyHtHOH KHHrOH. To usc

the book one needs. IIoJiBBOBaxB-

Cfl ycjiyraMH. To avail oneself of

services. BocnojiBBOBaxBCfl cose-

TOM. To make use] of advice.

BocnojiBBOBaxBCH cjiyqacM. Toavail oneself of an occasion. IIojib-

BOBaXBCH BOBMOJKHOCXBK). Toavail oneself of an opportunity.

IIoJiBBOBaxBCH opaBOM. To exer-

cise the right.

2. no p. to enjoy. IIojiBaoBaxBCH

HBBecxHOCXBK). To be well known.

nOJIIOBflTb see JlIOBflTb

nOJlIOBOBATbCH see JIIOBOBATb-CH

nOJIIOC m. pole

CeBepHMH nojiioc. The North Pole.

HayqnaH aKcneîinHH na KDjkhhh

nojiioc. A scientific expedition to

the South Pole.

nOMEmATb see MEIHATbnOMEm^HHE neut. room, premises

>KHJi6e ÔMe^êHHe. Living premises.

IIOMEn^HK m. landowner

KpynHHH noMeni;HK. A big landown-

er. BoraxHH noMeni;HK. A rich

landowner.

IIOMHJ|;OP m. tomato

CneJiue noMHôpLi. Ripe tomatoes.

CaJiax HB HOMH/topoB. Tomato salad.

nOMH|HTb, -K), -HmB, -hx imp.K r 6? or q X 0? o k 6 m? o q e m?

to remember

IIoMHHXB -pojiBopL jÔM. To remember

the house where one was born. IIom-

HHXB oxna. To remember one's fa-

ther. rioMHHXB o jxpyre. To remem-

ber one's friend. IIomhhxb o cboch

neJiH. To bear in mind one's aim.

<> He noMHHTb ce5fl (ot rneBa).

To be beside oneself (with wrath).

nOMOrAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.KOMy? qeMy? qcM? &-1- inf./

p. HOMoqB, noMory, noMOJKemb,

noMoryx, past noMOr, -Jia, -Jio, -jih

to help

IIoMoraxB cxapoH Maxepn. To help

one's old mother. IIoMoqB Apyry;^66pHM coBexoM. To help one's

friend with good advice. IIoMoqb

6paxy pemHXb aaflaqy. To help

one's brother to solve a problem.

no-MOEMy1

.

adv. my way. Oh cjêJiaJi axo no-

MoeMy. He did it my way.

2. paren. word in my opinion.

Ilo-MoeMy, oh xopomnn qejio-

BeK. In my opinion, he is a good

man.

nOMOHb see HOMOrATb



noM 106 no

nOMOmHHK m. help

ChH 5mJI XOpOmHM nOMOmHHKOMomy. The son was a good help to

his father.nOMOmb /., no pi. help

OKaaaib noMomb paHenoMy. Togive help to a wounded man. IIpo-

CHTb noMomn y ;^py3eH. To ask

one's friends for help. IIpocHTb o

noMomn. To ask for help. IIpHHTH

Ha noMomb. To come to the did.

OxKasaxb b noMOmn. To refuse to

give help.

nOHEAEJILHHK m. Monday

B noHe;;eJibHHK mh yesjKaeM. Weleave on Monday. Ka?K;;biH: none-

ACJibHiiK (no noHe;teJibHHKaM) y nac

6biBaK)T JieKi^HH no JinxepaType.

Every Monday we have lectures on

literature.

nOHHMAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

K o r 6? H T o?/p. nonaxb, noHMly,-emb, -yx, past noHHJi, noHHJia,

noHHJiIo, -H

1. to understand. H eac noHHJi.

/ understood you. Bu Bce noHH-Maexe? Do you understand every-

thing? IIoHMHxe Mena npaBHJib-

Hol Don't misunderstand me.

2, to^ understand. Oh MaJio hohh-

Maex B MysMKe. He does not

understand much about music.

nOHPABHTbCfl see HPABHTbCflnOHflTHE neui. notion

Gjiobo h noHHxne— pasHbie Bema.The word and the notion are differ-

ent things.

<0> H He HMeiO nOHHTHH O TBOefi

pa66Te. I've no idea of your work.

nOHHTHlMfl, -aH, -oe, -He, short

form noHHxen, noHHXH|a, -o, -u un-

derstandable, clear

nOHHTHO1. adv. clear(ly). 3xo cjiobo Bam no-

HHXHO? Is this word clear to you?

Oh roBopHJi noHHXHo. He spoke

clearly. Mne see hohhtho. Eve-

rything is clear to me.2. predic.impers. (it is) clear. IIoHflX-

HO, HXO B XaKOH ZÔTK^b OH HO npH-

jifiT. It's clear that he won't

come in such a rain.

nOHHTb see nOHHMATbÔOB£JÂTb see OBEJÂTbnOOBElftATb see OBEmATb

nOHAÂlTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp./

p. nonacxb, nona«|y, -emb, -yx, past

nonaJi, -a, -o, -h

1. to hit. Ilonacxb b EteJib. To hitthe mark.

2. to get. Honacxb b xeaxp. To get

to the theatre.

3. to get. KaK bh cioâ nonajin?

How did you get here?

4. impers., colloq. to catch it. MnenonaJio ox Maxepn. / caught it

hot from Mother.

<> KaK nonajio. Anyhow. IIonacTbHe B 5p6Bb, a b r.iaa. Gf. Tohit the nail on the head.

nO-nPEaCHEMy adv. stlll, as before

Oh no-npeJKHeMy jkhbcx zj^qci». Hestill lives here.

nonPOBOBATb see HPOBOBATbnonPOCflTb see HFOCflTbnonPOmATbCH see HPOmATbCHnOPAi /. time

H 3Haio ero c /âsHHX nop. I've

known him for a long time. G xex

nop npomjio MHoro Jiex. Manyyears have passed since then. J[o chx

nop MH HHHero ne snaeM o hcm. Westill don't know anything about him.

nOPA^ predic. impers. it is time

Ilopa BcxaBaxb — y)Ke noSAHO. It's

time to get up: it's already late.

Ilopa HflXH AOMOH. It's time to go

home. HaM nopa oGeâxb. It's time

for us to have dinner.

nOPAMCEHHE neut. defeat

TflJKCJioe nopaHt^HHe. A heavy de-

feat. Iloxepnexb nopawenne b boh-

ne. To be defeated in a war. Hane-cxH nopaJKeHHe. To defeat.

nOPOiniOK m., gen. -Ka powder

1. only sing, powder. SyGnoH nopo-

moK. Tooth,-powder.

2. powder. JlenapcxBo b noporaKax.

Medicine in the form of powder.

IIpHHHMaxb no o^HOMy nopom-

Ky 3 paaa b jiêub. To take one

powder 3 times a day.

nOPT m., prepos. b nopxy & o nopxe

portMopcKOH nopx. A seaport. PeHHoii

nopx. A river port. PaSoxaxb b nop-

xy. To work at the port.

nOPTPET m. portrait

nOPTOeJIb m. brief-case

JTO-P^CCKH adv. (in) Russian

ToBopHXb no-pyccKH. To speak



IIOP 107 HOC

Russian. Ohh neJiH 3Ty necHio no-

pyccKH. They sang this song in

Russian.

nOP>lAIOK m., gen. -Ka1. order. V mghh b KOMHaxe Bcer-

fla nopHAOK. My room is always

in order. JlêpjKaTb BemH b no-

pH;5Ke. To keep things in order.

IIpHBecTii Bce b nopH;i;oK. Toput everything in order. Hpn-BecTH ce6H b nopaAOK. To tidy

oneself up.

2. succession. PaccKaaaxb see no

nopaflKy. To tell, everything in

the same order as it happened.

<> Bee B nopnAKe. Everything is

all right.

nOCA^flTb see CAaCATbnOCBHTflTb see HOCBHIIiATbnOCBHmAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

q T 0? K o M y? 1 e M y? / />. hocbhI-

THTb, -nty, -Tiinib, -tht

1. to devote. nOCBHTHTb JKH3Hb

HayKe. To devote one's life to

science.

2. to dedicate. nocBflmaxbKHnryflPyry. To dedicate a book to

one's friend.

nOCETflTb see HOCEmATbnOCEmAlTb, -K), -emb, -jot imp.

Koro? mo?/ p. noce|THTb, -my,-THOIb, -THT

1. to visit. noceni;aTb 6ojibH6ro to-

BapHn5a. To visit a sick friend. Uo-

cexiiTb Myaen. To visit a museum.

2. no p. to attend. nocen;aTb JieK-

nHH. To attend lectures.

nOCJIATb see HOCblJIATbnOCJIE

1. adv. later. Mojkho npHHXH cea-

qac? — Hex, npnxoAH nocjie.

May I come now? No, come

later.''

2. prep. -\- gen. after. IlocJie oSefla.

After dinner. IlocJie paSoxH. After

work. MojKHO MHe BSHXb 9xy

KHHry nocJie nee? May I have

the book after her?

nOGJl£jO[H|na, -HH, -ee, -ne last

nocJiGAHHH AGHb MecHn;a, The last

day of the month. Kxo nocjieAHHH?

Who is the last?

<0» EopoTbCH Ao nocJie^HeH KanjiH

KpoBU. To fight to the last drop

of blood. CosAaBaTb HOBue ManiH-

Hbi no nocjieAHeMy cjiOBy TexHHKH.

To build new machines accord-

ing to the last word in technology.

UocjieAHHe HSBecTOH. The latest

news.nOCJIE3ABTPA adv. the day after

tomorrow

nOCJIOBHIliA /. proverb

nOCIlS'inAlTb, -H), -emb, -lox p. ko-to? H X 0?

1. to listen (for a while). Oh no-

cxoHJi, nocjiymaji neMHoro hymeji. He stood and listened for

a while, then he went away.

2.: nocJiymaH(xe), passe 3xo npa-

BHJibHO? Look here, is that right?nOCJl5^fflATbCH see CJiyiHATbCanOCMOTPETb see CMOTPETbnOCOBETOBATb see COBETOBATbnOCOBETOBATbCH see COBETO-

BATbCHnOCnOPHTb see CHOPHTbnOCPEAfl

1. adv. amid, among. Ha yjiHn;e

co6paJiacb xojina Hapoâ. Hocpe-

Aii cxoffji peSenoK h nJiaKaJi. Acrowd of people had gathered in

the street. Among the crowd

stood a child, crying.

2. prep. -{-gen. in the middle of.

IlocpeaH nji6n;aAH — KpacHBHH$0HxaH. In the middle of the

square there is a beautiful foun-

tain.

nOCCOPHTbCH see CCOPHTbCHnOCTABHTb see CTABHTbnOCTAPATbCa see CTAPATbCHnOCTEJIb /. bed

BojibHOH AOJi/KGH Jiewaxb B nocxe-

JiH. The patient must remain in

bed. EMy neJibsa BcxaBaxb c no-

cxeJiH. He is not allowed to get up.

nOCTEHEHHO adv. gradually

Oh nocxeneHHO npnBUKaJi K kjih-

Maxy. He gradually got accustomed

to the climate.

nOCT05lHH|bia, -aa, -oe, -He con-

stant; adv. nocxoHHHO constantly,

always

IIocxoaHHaa xeMuepaxypa. A con-

stant temperature. Pe6eH0K nocxoan-

HO 6oJieex. The child is always ill.

nOCTOlHTb, -ro, -nmb, -ax p.

1. to stand (for a while). CnAHxe,

He SecnoKOHxecb, a nocxoio.

Keep your seat, and don't worry;

I'll stand. Oh nocToaji neMHoro



noc 108 no3

H ymeji. He stood for a while

and then went away.

2.: nocT6H(Te) Wait

nOCTPflHbCHsee

CTPflHbCHnOCTPOHTb see CTPOHTLnOCXyilAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

p. nocxynHTb, nociynjiio, nociy-

namb, nocTynflx

1. to act. HecTHO nocTynaxb. To

act honestly. IlJioxo nocxyniixb.

To act badly.

2. K y fl a? to enter, riocxynnxb b

HHCXHXyX, Ha HCXOpHHeCKHH $a-

Kyjibxex. To enter an institute,

the history department. Ilocxy-

nnxb Ha pa66xy. To take up work.

3.: HocxynHJio npefljio^Kenne. There

is a proposal.

nocxynflTb see nocxynAxbnOCX:9'n|OK m., gen. -Ka action

HecxHHH nocxynoK. An honest ac-

tion. CoBepmnxb repoHHecKHH no-

cxynoK. To accomplish a feat.

nOCXyHAXb see cxyÂXbnOCS^Â /. crockery

âHHafl nocyâ. Tea-things. Mbixb

nocvay. To wash up.

nOCblJlAIXb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Koro? Hxo? KOMy? HeMy?or K KOMy? /p. nocjiaxb, nomji|K),

-emb, -K)x

1. to send. Maxb nocjiaJia pe6eHKa

B MarasHH sa XJie6oM. The mother

sent her child to the shop for

some bread. Ero nocjiaJiH Ha

pa66xy b GapaxoB. He was sent

to work in Saratov.

2. to send. Ilocjiaxb nncbMO po;;H-xejiHM. To send a letter to one's

parents.

noCKlJIlKA /., gen. pi. -ok parcel

IIoqxoBafl nocMJiKa. A parcel sent

by post. OxnpaBHXb nocHJiKy. To

send a parcel. IIojiyHHXb nocwJiKy

ox pojiHxeJieH. To receive a parcel

from one's parents.

no-xBOEMy1. adv. as you wish. Bee 6yflex no-

xBoeMy. Everything will be doneas you wish.

2. paren. word in your opinion.

IIo-xBoeMy, 3X0 npaBHJibHO? Doyou think it's right?

nOXEPHXb see XEPflXbnOXOJIlOK m., gen. -Ka ceiling

Bhcokhh noxoJiOK. A high ceiling.

HH3KHH noxoJiOK. A low ceiling.

Ha noxoJiKC bhchx jiaMna. A lampis hanging from the ceiling.

nOTOM adv. thenCnaHaJia mm nooSejiajiH, a noxoMnomjiH ryjiflxb. We first had dinner

and then went for a walk.

nOXOMy HXq [mxo] conj. because

Oh He HHcaJi naceM, noxoMy mo6uJi saHflx. He didn't write letters

because he was busy.

nOXOH^Xb see XOH^XbnOXPEBOBAXb see XPEBOBAXbnOXPOPAXb see XPOPAXbnOXHH^Xb see XHH^^XbnoyjKHHAXb see YHCHHAXbnOXBAJiflXb see XBAJlflXb

ÔX0'J^ m. hike

TypHcxHqecKHH noxoj. A walking-

tour. Xo;5HXb B uoxojs,. To hike, to

go on a walking-tour.

nOX05K|Hfl[, -an, -ee, -ne, short form

noxojK, -a, -e, -h resembling

Ha Koro oh hoxojk? Whom does he

look like? Oh hoxoh? na Moero 6paxa.

He looks like my brother.

nOU;EJIOBAXb see IliEJIOBAXbnOIÊJIOBAXbCH see E(EJIOBAXbCHnOHBA /. soil

nOHEM>^ adv. whyHoqeMy bh onosflaJin? Why are

you late?

nOHEM^-XO adv. for some reason

HoqeMy-xo oh ne npHme-i. For some

reason he has not come.

nOHEXHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He honorary

HoêxHoe aBanne. An honorary title.

noHexHHH rocxb. A guest of honour.nOHHHflXb see HHHflXbnOHflCXHXb see HflCXHXb, 1

nOHXA /.

1. post. HocHJiaxb hx6-jih6o ooh-

xoH (no no^xe). To send some-

thing by post.

2. post-office. PaSoxaxb na noHxe.

To work at a post-office. HoHxa

pa66xaex c 7 yxpa ffo 12 hohh.

The post-office is open from

7 in the morningto

12at night.

nOHXfl adv. almost

Oh oxflHxaJi no^xii aBa Mecnna. Herested for almost two months.

nOH^BCXBOBAXb see HS^BCXBO-

BAXbnorayxflxb see rayxflxb

n09X m. poet



no3 109 nPE

noSTOMy adv. that is whyIloineJi AOJKflb, noaxoMy mm ocxa-

jiHCb AOMa. It began raining, that's

why we stayed at home.nOHBflTbCa see nOHBJIilTbCHnOHBJlHlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -rox-

CH imp. r 3 e? / p. noHBHXbca, hohb-

jiiocb, noHBHmbcn, hohehxch to ap-

pear, to come out

Ha He6e noHBHJiHCb SBesAU. Stars

came out in the sky.

nOHC m., pi. -a

1. belt. Iloflc najibxo. A coat belt.

niHpoKHH noHC. A wide belt. 3a-

cxernyxbnone.

Tofasten the belt.

2. waist. Gxonxb b bojib no none.

To stand waist-deep in water.

nPABAA /

1. truth. 3x0 npaB;â. This is the

truth. ToBopiixb npaB^y b rjiaaa.

To speak the truth to somebody's

face.

2. used as pred. it is true. npaBâ,

njo OH yexa.i?—IIpaBna. /.? it

true that he has left? — ''Yes,

it is.

«0^ Ho npaBj];e roBopa... To tell the

truth...

nPABAflBlblfl, -aa, -oe, -He truthful

npaBAHBEiH êjiOBeK. A truthful

man. HpaBAHBEie rjiaaa. Truthful

eyes. IIpaBAHBaa ncxopna. A true

story.

nPABHJIO neut.

1. rule. IIpaBHJio rpaMMaxHKH. Agrammar rule. TpyflHoe npaBUJio.

A hard rule.

2. only pi. rules. Go6jiK)Aaxb npa-BHJia. To observe the rules.

<> KaK npasHJio. As a rule.

nPABHJIbHIblS, -aa, -oe, -He; adv.

npaBHJibHO correct; right

HpaBHJibHHH oxBex. A correct an-

swer. Oh npaBHJibHO pemnji 3afl;aHy.

He solved the problem correctly.

IIpaBHJibHo That's right/

nPABflTEJIbCTBO neut. governmentnPAB|0 neut., pi. -a

1. right. HaGnpaxejibHoe npaBo. 6 ^/-

frage. TpaJKâHCKHe npaBa. Civil

rights. ITpaBO na xpy;^. The right

to work. IIpaBO Ha oxahx. Theright to rest. IIojibaoBaxbca npa-

BaMH. To exercise one's rights.

2. law. Hayqaxb npaBo. To study

law.

nPAB|bIfl^, -aa, -oe, -ne right

ITpaBaa pyKa. The right hand (arm).

nPAB|blfi2, -aa, -oe, -He, short form

npaB, npasa, npaslo, -h1. only short form right. Oh npaB

B axoM Bonpoce. He is right in

this question. Bu He npaBH. Youare not right.

2. only complete form right. Bo-

poxbca 3a npaBoe êjio. To fight

for the right cause.

nPAS^HHK m. holiday, festive occa-

sion

Hai^HOHaJibHHH npasAHHK. A nation-

alholiday.

IlpaBAHHKIlepBoro

Man. The First of May holiday.

HosApaBJiaxb c npaaAHHKOM. To

congratulate on a holiday.

nPASaHHHHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -ne fes

tive, holiday-like

npasAHHqHHH ropoA- A holiday-

like city. npasAHHHHHH Benep. Afestive evening-party. IIpaSAHHHHHH:

KOCxioM. One's best clothes. IIpaBA-

HHHHoe Hacxpoenne. A holiday mood.

^PA3J^H|0BATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox

imp. H X 0? to celebrate

HpaSAHOBaxb noSe^y. To celebrate

a victory. IIpasflHOBaxb ^^Hb po)K-

jênna. To celebrate one's birthday.

nPAKTHKA /.

1. practical work. Iloexaxb aa npaK-

XHKy. To go to practical work.

IIpoxoAHXb npaKXHKy na saBOAe.

To do one's practical work at a

plant.

2. practice. GBaaaxb xeopnio c npaK-

XHKon. To link theory with prac-

tice.

nPAKTflqECKIHtt, -aa, -oe, -ne

1. practical. HpaKXHqecKHe aana-

xna. Practical studies.

2. practical. HpaKxaqecKHH conex.

Practical advice.

nPAHEHHIAa /., gen. -on laundry

GAanaxb 6ejibe b npaqeqayio. To

send one's washing to the laundry.

nPEBPATflTb see HPEBPAmATb

nPEBPATflTbCH seeHPEBPAlHATb-CH

nPEBPAIHAITb, -10, -enib, -K)x inip.

K r 6? q X o? B K o r 6? b o ^ x 6?/

p. npeBpa|XHXb, -my, -xnrab, -xht

to turn (into)

HpeBpaxHXb nycxwHio b ca^- To

turn a desert into an orchard.



nPE 110 nPE

nPEBPAipAlTbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-lOTCH imp. B Koro? boht 6?/

p. npGBpalTiiTbCH, -mycb, -xHinbCH,

-THTCH to turn (into)

Bofla npespaTHJiacb b nap. The wa-

ter turned into vapour,

IlPEAÂrA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

KOMy? HGMy? HTO? & +inf. I p. npej^JiowHTb, npejtJioHty,

npejtJiojKHmb, npeflJiojKaT

1. to offer. Oh npeflJioJKHJi naM

KOê. He offered us coffee.

2. to suggest. Oh npeTtJiojKHJi hoh-

TH B KHHO. He suggested that we

should go to the cinema.

nPEaJlOHCEHHEi neut.1. proposal, suggestion. Bhccth

npe^JiojKeHHe Ha coopaHHH. To

make a proposal at a meeting.

BocnojibBOBaxbCH npeflJiojKeHneM.

To avail oneself of a suggestion.

ITojiesHoe npeaJiojKeHne. A use-

ful suggestion.

2. proposal. CAeJiaib npeajioweHHe

jik)6hmoh flGByniKe, To propose

to the girl one lovec.

nPE^^JIOaCEHHE^ neut. sentence;

nPEAjioHCfiTB see HPEAJlArATBnPE^MET m.

1. object. TH>KeJibiH npeflMex. Aheavy object.

2. subject. H HsynaJi axn npeflMexu

B niKOJie. / studied these subjects

at school.

DPE^ÎIPHHTHE neut. enterprise

Pa66xaxb na npe^npHHXHH. To work

at an enterprise. CoBpeMeHHoe npefl-

npHflxne. A modern enterprise.

nPEACEÂTEJIb m. chairman

^pe;^ceflaxeJIb co6paHHH. The chair-

man at a meeting. EpeflceflaxeJib

KOJixoaa. A collective-farm chairman.

nPEflCTABflTEJIb m. representative

ripeflcxaBHxeJifi Hapojia. Representa-

tives of the people. IIpeACxaBHxejiH

3aB6;ia. Representatives from a

plant.

nPEnCTABHTb see nPE^CTAB-JlflTb

nPE^CTABJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -lox

imp. Ip. npeflcxalBHXb, -bjik), -BHmb,

-BHX

1. H X 0? to imagine. IIpejtcxaBJiHXb

ce6e KapxHHy 6yAyntero. To

imagine the future.

2. K r 6? KOMy? to introduce.

IIoBBOJibxe npejtcxaBHXb Baw to-

Bipamc* H. Let me introduce

Comrade N.

nPE^CTGlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -nx, -hx imp. k o-

M y? q e M y? to be ahead

HaM npe;^cxoHX HHxepecnaH noeafl-

Ka. We are faced with an interesting

journey. Mne npe;;cxoHx noexaxb na

ceBep. / am to go to the north.

HPEAynPEAflTb see HPEAynPE-HCaATb

nPE^ynPEHCAAlTb, -lo, -emb. -k)t

imp. Koro? hxo? o ne m?/

p. npe;tynpelAHXb, -my, -AHmb, -aht

1. t^ warn. npeAynpe;i;HXb êjioae-

Ka o6 onacHocxH. To warn a per-

son of danger. IlpeflynpeAHXb ox-

paA npH6jiH?KeHHH epara. Tawarn a detachment of the ap-

proach of the enemy.

2. to prevent. ripej^ynpewAaxb 6o-

jiesHb. To prevent a disease.

1. adv. before, first of all. Uipemji,&

MH BcxpeâJiHCb nacxo. We used

often to meet before. Upemj\e

Bcero, cKa>KHxe rjiasHoe. First

of all, tell me the main thing.

2. conj. before. ITpcjKae qcM roBO-

pnxb, nOAyMan. Think before you

speak.

nPEH{H{Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne former

B nprnnee BpeMH. In former times;

in the old days. npe>KHHH nanaJib-

HHK. The former chief.

nPEKPACHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form npeKpacen, npeKpacHja, -o,.

-h; adv. npcKpacHO

1. beautiful. Ona 6Mjia npeKpacna.

She was beautiful.

2. fine, wonderful, beautiful. Ilpe-

KpacnaH noroâ. Fine weather.

IIpeKpacHHH cneKxaKJib. A won-

derful performance. Oh HpeKpacHO

xannyex. He dances beautifully.

3. used as particle very good, fine.

IIpeKpacHO, H saBxpa npHAy.Very good, I'll come tomorrow.

<> B OfliH npcKpacHbiii A^Hb. One

fine day.

nPEKPATflTb see nPEKPAmATbnPEKPATflTbCHsee nPEKPAIIlATb-

Cfl



nPE 111 nPH

I

nPEKPAmAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

g T 0? & 4 ^^f- I P- npeKpaJTHTb,

-my, -THinb, -THT to stop

IIpeKpaTHTb paarOBop. To drop a

conversation. IIpeKpaTHTe paaroBa-

pHBaTb Stop talking

nPEKPAmAjTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -btch, -iotch imp./

p. npeKpaT|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch to stop

JÔJKflb He npeKpamaJiCH. The rain

didn't stop. Bexep npeKpaxH.ncH.

The wind has abated.

nPEMHH /. bonus

HoJiy^HTb npeMHK). To get a bonus.

nPEO;i,OJIEBAlTb, -K), -erab, -iot

imp. ^ T o?/p. npeoflOJie|Tb, -lo,

-erab, -K)T to overcome

HpeoAOJieBaxb npenHxcTBHH. Toovercome obstacles. EpeoflOJieTb yc-

TaJiocTb. To overcome fatigue. Ilpe-

OflOJieTb CTpax, To overcome fear.

nPEOJÔJIETb see nPEOÔJIEBATbnPEnOÂBATEJlb m. teacher

OnHTHHH npenoflaBaTejib. An ex-

perienced teacher. npenoâBaTejib

pyccKoro H3HKa. A Russian teacher.

nPEHHTCTBHE neut. obstacle

CepbeaHoe npenHTCTBne. A serious

obstacle. BcTpexHXb npennxcxBHe

sa nyxH. To meet with an obstacle.

ripeoflojiexb Bce npenHxcxBHH. Toovercome all obstacles.

nPECXynjIEHHE neut. crime

CoBepmHXb npecxynji^HHe. To com.'

mit a crime.

nPECXynHHK m. criminal

OnacHHH npecxynHHK. A dangerous

criminal. ApecxoBaxb npecxynnHKa.

To arrest a criminal.

nPH prep. -\- prepos.

1. in one's presence. He roBopnxe

xaK npn mhc. Don't speak so in

my presence.

2. under. Jlpn Xlexpe I. Under

Peter I.

3. at. IIpH xeMnepaxype e 100 rpây-

coB UêjibCHH BOfla npespamaexcHB nap. At a temperature of 100

water turns into vapour. IIpH cepb-

eanoM oxHoraenHH k flejiy bh ;ô-

Sbexecb 6ojibraHx ycnexoB. // you

adopt a serious attitude towards

what you do, you'll make great

progress.

4. on, with. PlMCxb hx6-jih6o npnce6e. To have something with one.

5. in. npn csexe Jiynw. In the moon-

light.

nPHBJlHHCAlTbCH, -locb, -erabcn,

-lOxcH imp. K KOMy? k neM y?/

p. npH6jiH|3HXbCH, -5Kycb, -amnbCH,

-3flXCfl

1. to approach, noea;^ npnSjiHmaex-

CH K ropoay. The train is ap-

proaching the town.\fig. HpnGJiH-

BHXbcH K iêJiH. To get nearer to

one*s aim.

2. fig. no p. to draw nearer. npnSJiH-

HtaexcH npasAHHK. The holiday

is drawing near.

nPHBJiBSHTbCH see HPHEJIH-HCATbCH

nPHBOP m.

1. device, instrument. To^HHenpH66pbT. Precision instruments.

2. set. 06eAeHHHH npnSop. Cover.

BpnxBeHHHH npH66p. Shaving

requisites.

nPHBblBAlTb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

Kyaa? / p. npnSHXb, npnSyAly,

-enib, -yx, past npn6Hji, npH6HJia,npH6Hji|o, -H to arrive

FjiaBa npaBHxejibcxBa npH6biJi c bh-

3HX0M B coceAHiOK) cxpaHy. The

head of the government arrived in

the neighbouring country on a visit.

CaMOJiex npnSHJi xohho. The plane

has arrived on time.

nPHBb'ITb see HPHEblBATbnPHBECTfl see DPHBOJ^flTbnPHBET m. regards

FopflHHH npHBex. Warmest regards.

Hepeaaxb npHBex flpyry. To send

a friend one's regards.

nPHBETCTB|OBATb, -yio, -yerab.

-yiox imp. koto? h x o? to wel-

comeBce npHBexcxBOBaJiH bhcokofo ro-

cxfl. Everyone welcomed the guest

of honour. HpHBexcxBOBaxb pemenHenpaBHxejibcxBa. To welcome the de-

cision of the government.

^PB[BOJ^B[Tb, npHBowy, upuBOjxmmh,

npHBO^Hx imp. k o r o? h x o?/

p. npHBecxH, npHBe;iIy, -erab, -yx,

past npHBCwi, npHBeJi|a, -6, -u

1. to bring. npHBecxH pe6eHKa b

fl;excKHH ca^. To bring a child

to the kindergarten.



nPH 112 nPH

2. to lead, /ôpora npHseJia b jiec.

The road led to the forest.

3. fig. to lead. 3to npHBeJio k to-

My, HTO... This led to...

4. to quote, to cite. IIpHBOAHTb npH-MepM. To quote examples. IIpHBec-

TH qHTaxy. To cite a quotation.

nPHBMKAlTb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.

K KOMy? K HOMy? &~}-inf./p.

npHBUKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past

npHBMK, -Jia, -JIO, -JIH

1. to get accustomed. IIpHBUKaxb

K HOBOMy KJlHMaxy. To get accus-

tomed to a new climate. IIpHBbi-

Kaxb K HOBbiM xoBapnmaM. To

get accustomed to new friends.

2. to get into the habit (of). IIpH-

BUKuyxb Kypnxb. To get into

the habit of smoking.

nPHBb'IKHyXb see HPHBLIKATbnPHBb'IHIKA /., gen. pi. -en habit

XopotnaH npHBMqKa. A good habit.

Bpejieafl npHBUHKa. A dangerous

habit.

nPHrJIACflXb see nPHrJlAIHATbnPHrjIAHIAlTb, -K), -eoib, -lox imp.

Koro? qxo?&4- i^f- 1 P- npHFJial-

CHXb, -ray, -Climb, -cax to invite

npnrjiacHXb êBymKy b xeaxp. To

invite a girl to the theatre. IIpH-

rjiamaxb b rocxH. To invite some-

body to one's house. Oh npHrjiaciiJi

AeByraKy xanneBaxb. He asked the

girl to dance with him,

nPHrjIAIHEHHE neut. invitation

riojiyHHXb npHrJiaraeHHe Ha Benep.

To get an invitation for an evening-

party. npHHHXb npHrnamenne no-

cexHXb cxpaHy. To accept the invi-

tation to visit a country.

nPHPOBOP m. sentence

GnpaBeAJiHBUH npnroBop. A just

sentence. BbiHOCiixb npnroBop. To

pass sentence. IIpHBOZiHXb npnro-

BOp B HcnojiHeHHe. To execute] a

sentence.

nPHPOmftTbCa, -mych, -flHmbCH,

-AfixcH p. KOMy? q e M y? to prove

usefulMne npnroAHJiCH xboh cobcx. Your

advice proved useful to me.

nPHPOXOBHTb see TOTOBHTb, 1

nPHrOXOBHTbCa see rOXOBHTb-CH

nPHA^MAXb see HPHAS^MblBAXb

nPHA^MblBAIXb, -K), -emb, -rox

imp. H X o? / p. ^pH;^y^â|xb, -lo,

-emb, -lox to make up, to think of,

to invent

HpHAyMaxb npeAJioJKeHHe. To makeup a sentence. IIpH^yMaxb hcto-

pHK). To invent a story. IIpHjtyMaHxe

HT6-HH5yflbl Think of something

nPHESaCAlXb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp.

KyAa?/p. npnexaxb, npnÂly.-erab, -yx to comeIlpnexaxb b qyjKOH ropo^. To cometo a strange city. IlpHexaxb k po-

aiixenHM. To come to one's parents.

Jlpnexaxb na xpaMBae. To come by

tram.

nPHEXAXb see HPHESaCAXbnPH3qAlBAXb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

Koro? qxo? / p. npH3Ha|xb, -lo,

-erab, -lox

1. to recognise. npHsnaBaxb noBoe

npaBHxeJibcxBO. To recognise a

new government.

2. to admit, npnanaxb cbok oraH6-

KH. To admit one's mistakes.

nPH3HAlBAXbCH, -locb, -erabcn,

-loxcfl imp. KOMy? qeMy? b

êM.?/p. npH3Ha|xbCfl, -locb, -erab-

Cfl, -lOXCfl

1. to declare. npHsnaxbCH AeByraKe

B jhoSbw. To declare one's love to

a girl.

2. to admit. npnaHaxbCH b cbohx

oranSKax. To admit one's mis-

nPH3HAXb see nPH3HABAXbnPH3HAXbCH see nPH3HABAXbCHnPHflXfl see HPflXOAflXb

nPHflXflCb see nPHXOAflXbCHnPHKA3 m. order

GxporHH npHKaa. A strict order. Bm-

noJiHHXb npHKaa KOMaHîipa. To

carry out the commander's order.

Oxâxb npHKaa coJiâxaM. To give

an order to the soldiers.

nPHKA3AXb see nPHKA3bIBAXbnPHKA3bIBA|Xb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

KOMy? qeMy?-|- inf. / p. npHKa-

aaxb, npHKajKy, npHKaHcerab, npn-

KajKyx to orderHpHKasaxb BOHCKaM naqaxb na-

cxynJiGHHe. To order the troops to

commence an offensive.

nPHMfiP m.

1. example. Bbixb npHMepoM fljia

;^py^HX. To set an example for



nPH 113 nPH

others. GJieAOBarb npHMepy Spaxa.

To follow one's brother's example.

2. example. IIpHBecTH npHMep. To

quote an example.

nPHHAAJIEaCjATb, -y, -wmb, -ax

imp. K M y? H e M y? to belong

SeMJifl npHHaaJie>Kiix napoAy. The

land belongs to the people.

nPHHECTfl see HPHHOCflTbnPHHHMAiTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

K r 6? H X o?//>. npHHfixb, npHMy,

npHMemb, npimyx, past npHHflji,

npHHfljia, npimfljijo, -h

1. to receive. IIpHHHMaxb rocxen.

To receive guests.

2. to take. JIpimnMaxb JienapcxBO.To take medicine.

3. to take. IIpHHflxb pemenne. To

take a decision.

4. to adopt. HpmiHXb hoblih 3a-

KOH. To adopt a new law. IIpii-

Hflxb pe3oJiK)ii;Hio. To adopt a

resolution.

5. to accept. IIpHHHMaxb npejiJio-

meHHe. To accept an offer. Hpn-Hfixb npHrJiameHHe. To accept

an invitation.6. to admit. Moero CHua npiiHHJiH

B HHCXHxyx. My son has been

admitted to the institute.

7.: ripHHfixb yqacxne (b hcm-jihSo).

To take part (in something).

nPHHOCflTb, npHHomy, npHHocnrnb,

npuHocHX imp. k o r 6? q x o?/

p. npHHec|xji, -y, -emb, -yx, past

npHHec, npnHecji|a, -6, -it

1. to bring. IIpHHecxii leMOAan. To

bring a suit-case.

2. : IIpHHOciixb noJibsy (Bpe^). To

prove useful (harmful).

nPflHUinn m. principle

MMexb xsepALie npHHn;HnH. To have

firm principles. OcHOBHbie npimn;H-

nw HccjieAOBaHHH. The basic princi-

ples of investigation.

nPHHflTb see niHlIHMATbnPHPOAA /. natm-e

BoraiaH npnpoAa. Rich plant and

animal life. Hayqaxb npHpoAY- To

study nature.

nPMCriATb see nPHCblJIATbnPHCS^TCTBIOBATb, -yio. -yemb,

-yiox imp. r a e? to be present

IIpHcyxcxBOBaxb na coSpaHHii. Tobe present at a meeting. Oh npn-

cyxcxBOBaJi npn axoM pasroBope.

8—4002

He was present when this conversa-

tion took place.

nPHCblJlAITb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

Koro? Hxo? Kouy? / p. npH|-

cJiaxb, -mjiK), -mjiemb, -mjiiox

1. qxo? KOMy? to send. IIpHCHi-

jraxb niicbMa Maxepn. To send

letters to one's mother. IIpHCJiaxb

HHCbMo no no^xe. To send a

letter by post.

2. K o r 6? 3 a h e m? to send. IIpH-

cjiaxb 6paxa 3a KnnroH. To send

one's brother for a book.

nPHX03flTb, npHxojKy, npnxoAHmb,npnxoAHx imp. Ip. npnaxja, npHAly,

-emb, -yx, past npnmeji, npHmji|a,

-6, -H

1. to come. ITpHHXH aomoh. Tocome home. ITpHXOAHXb na JieK-

niHK). To come to a lecture. IIpH-

xoAHXb K 6oJibH6My xoBapHiny.

To come and see a sick friend.

npHHXH B rocxH. To come on a

visit.

2. to set in. HpHmjia Becna. Spring

has set in.

3. to come. IIpHnxH k BMBOAy (pe-meHHK)). To come to a conclusion

(a decidon). ITpHHxii k corJia-

meHHK). To come to an agree-

ment.

4.:npHHXH B Bocxopr. To be enrap-

tured.

<> Mne B rojioey npumjia Mbicjib.

An idea occurred to me. IlpHHTH

B ce6a. To come to one's senses.

IIpmlTH B cosHaHiie. To regain

consciousness.

nPHXOAflTbCH impers. npHXOAHxcHimp. KOMy? / p. npHHXHCb, npn-

aSxch, past npnmJiocb to have (to)

Mne npHAGxcH BaM Bce paccKaaaxb.

I'll have to tell you everything. HaMnpnmjiocb npoHHxaxb SoJibmoH Ma-

xepwaji. We had to read much ma-terial.

nPHHECATbCH see HPHHECbl-BATbCH

nPHÊCblBAlTbCH, -rocb, -embcn,

-HDxcfl imp. neM?/p. npaqecaxbCH,

npnqemycb, npHqemembCH, npn-

êmyxcH to comb one's hair

IIPHHflHA /. cause, reason

CMeHXbCfl 6e3 npHHHHLi. To laugh

without any reason.



nPH 114 npo

nPHHTHlblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short

form npHHTGH, npHHTH|a, -o, -h;

adv. npHHTHO pleasant, nice

npHHTHtiH qeJiOBBK. A nice person.

IIpMflTHUH neeT. A nice colour.

IIpHHTHaH HOBOCTb. Pleasant news.

\predic. impers. Mne 61JJ10 npHHTHOCJij'raaTb ero. It was pleasant to

me to listen to him.

U.VO prep. -^ ace, colloq. about

FaccKajKH npo ce6fl. Tell about

yourself. Oh paccKaaaJi naM CKasKy

npo BoJiKa. He told us a tale about

a wolf.

*> HnxaTb npo ccSh. To read to

oneself.nP0B|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT

imp. q T o? or + inf. /p. no-

np66|0BaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox

1. to try. rionp66oBaTb peniHTb

aaflaqy. To try to solve the prob-

lem.

2. to taste. IIonpoCoBaTb cyn. Totaste the soup.

3.: Oh nonp66oBaJi cboh chjiu b

4>yT66Jie. He tried his skill at

football.

nPOBfil*ItTb see nPOBEPHTbnPOBEPHlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

H T 0? / p. npOBeplHTb, -K), -HUIb,

-HT to check, to try

EpoBepHTb ynpajKHCHHe. To check

an exercise. DpoBepHTb onbiT. To

check an experiment.

nPOBECTfl see nPOBOAflTbiDPOBOAflTbi, npoBOH^y, npoBOAnnib,

npoBOAHT imp./p. npoBecTii, npo-

Beflly, -emb, -yx, past nposeji, npo-

Bejila, -6, -A

1. Koro? H X 0? KyA^? to lead.

Oh npoBCJi rocxH b KOMHaxy.

He led the guest into the room.

IIpoBecxH napoxoA no KanaJiy.

To navigate a ship through a

canal.

2. to run over. IIpoBecxH pyKon no

BOJiocaM. To run one's hand over

one's hair.

3. to draw. IIpoBecxH jihhhk). To

draw a line.

4. to put. IIpoBecxH KaH^Ji b ny-

cxMHe. To cut a canal through

the desert. IIpoBecxH paflHO, raa.

To put radio, gas (in the house).

5.: IIpoBecxH aKCKypcHio. To con-

duct an excursion.

6. to spend. IIpoBecxH KaHHKyjiH

B flep^BHB. To spend one's holi-

days in the country.

nP0B0aflTb2 see nPOBOMCAXb

IIPOBO>KA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.K r 6? / p. npoBOfliixb, npoBOHcy,

npOBOAHnib, UpOBOAHX

1. to see (somebody home). OhnpoBOfliiJi fleB5nnKy ômoh. Hesaw the girl home.

2. to see off. IIpoBomaxb flpyra Ha

BOKaaJi. To see one's friend to

the railway station. Bqepa mhnpoBOwaJiH npo$coK)3HyK) êjie-

rannio. Yesterday we saw off a

trade-union delegation.nporpAMMA /.

1. programme. IIporpaMMa bA nHXb

Jiex. A five-year programme.

IIporpaMMa napxHH. A party

programme.

2. programme. IIporpaMMa Konn^p-

xa. The programme of the con-

cert. TeaxpajibHaH nporpaMMa.

A theatre programme.

3. syllabus. IIporpaMMa no Maxe-

MaxHKe.

Asyllabus in mathemat-

ics.

IIFOAA|B^Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

Hxo? Koro? KOM y?//). npoAaxb,

njpoflaM, npoAamb, npoflacx, npofla-

flHM, npoAaAHxe, npoAaflyx, past

npoAaJi, npoAajia, npoAajijo, -h to

sell

Ha pwHKe npoAaiox (|)pyKXH h obo-

mn. They sell fruit and vegetables

at the market.

nPOÂBllim m., gen. -na shop-assis-

tant, salesman

PaSoxaxb npoflaBuoM. To work as

a shop-assistant (salesman).

nPOAATb see nPOMB^TbnPOAOJlHCAITb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo? & -f inf. to continue

IIpoAOJijKaxb pasroBop. To continue

the conversation. IIpoAOJiHtaxb nexb.

To continue singing.

nPOAOJlHCAlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch

imp. to last

CoSpanne npoôjiHtaJiocb ao B^ne-

pa. The meeting lasted till the

evening.

IIP0J^0J13KEHIIE neut. continuation

IIpoAOJiweHHe pa3roB6pa. The con-

tinuation of a conversation. IIpoAOJi-



npo 115 npo

weHHe poMana. The continuation of

a novel.

^ IIpoflOjiHceHne cjieffyer. To be

continued.

nPOAS^KTbl pi. provisions

npoAVKTM nHTaHHH. Food-stuffs.

MojioHHtie npoAyKTH. Dairy prod-

ucts. IIoKynaTb npoAVKTH b Mara-

3HHe. To buy provisions at a shop.

nPOE35KA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -k)t imp.

HT0?MHM0 ^ e T 6? / p. upoexaxb,

npoeAly, -emb, -yT

1. to drive past. IlpoeaHtaTb ropoA-

To drive past a town. Ilpoea-

jKaxb MHMO ;;6Ma. To drive past

a house.

2. to cover (a distance). IIpoexaTb

CTO KHJiOMeipoB. To covcr 100

kilometres. B ;;eHb mm npoea-

?KaJiH 50 KM. We covered 50 kilo-

metres a day.

3. to miss. H ne snaji, rê nyHCHO

BuxoAHTb, H npoexaji ocTanoBKy.

/ didn't know where to get off

and missed my stop, fl nacTO

npoesHâK) cbok) ociaeoBKy. /

often miss my stop.nPO£XATb see HPOESaCATbnP0|3KE[Tb, ->KHBy, -JKHBCmb, -JKHByT,

past npoTKHJi, npoH^HJia, np6JKHJi|o,

-H p. to live

Oh upomnji 75 jict. He lived 75

years. H npoHtHJi b 3T0m ropoê

10 Jiei. / lived 10 years in that

town.

nP03PAHH|blfl, -afl, -oe, -ue trans-

parent

nPOnrPATbsee nPOflrPblBATb

nPOflrPblBAITb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

HTO? KOMy? hcm y?/p. nponr-

pa|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot to lose (a

game, etc.), to be defeated

Hama KOManfla nponrpajia. Our

team lost. XIpoHrpaxb Bonny. To be

defeated in the war.

nP0H3BEA£HHE neut. worknpoH3BeAeHHe HCKyccTsa. A work

of art. IIpoHSBeAeHHfl IlymKHHa.

The works of Pushkin.

nP0H3BECTfl see nP0H3B0Ji;flTb^P0H3B0/^flTb, npoHSBOJKV, npona-

Boflnmb, npoHSBOAHT imp. q t o?/

p. npoH3BecTM, npoH3BeA|y, -emb,

-yi,past nponsBCJi, npoH3BeJi|a,-6, -ri

1. to produce. IlpoHSBOAHTb cxan-

KH. To produce machine-tools.

8*

2. fig. to make. IIpoHSBecTH rjiy66-

Koe BnenaTJieHHe. To make a

profound impression.

nPOH3B0ACTBO neut.

1. output. npOHSBOflCTBO CXaJIH.

Steel output.

2. production. OpyAHH npoH3B6A-

CTBa. Implements of production.

nP0H3H0meHIlE neut. pronuncia-

tion

IIpaBHJibHoe npoH3HomeHHe. Thecorrect pronunciation.

nPOHSOHTfl see HPOHCXOAflTbnPOHCXO^flTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. npoHCXOAHT, npo-

HCXOAHT imp. I p. npOH30HTH, 1st &2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo-

H30HAleT, -yT, past nponsomeji,

npoHsomJija, -6, -h to happen

Co MHOH npoHsomeji HHTepecHHH

cjiyqan. An interesting thing hap-

pened to me. Hto 3Aecb nponcxo-

AHT? WhaVs happening here? 3Toro

6w He npoH3omji6, ecjin 6u bh 6ti-

jiH ocTopoJKHH c omeM. This would

not happened had you been careful

with fire.nPOflTfl see nPOXOAflTbnPOMb'IfflJIEHHOCTb /. industry

TflHtejian npoMumJicHHOCTb. The

heavy industry. JlerKan npoMijm-

jiCHHOCTb. The light industry. Paa-

BHBaxb npOMumJiCHHOCTb. To devel-

op industry.

nPOMKimJlEHHIbin, -an, -oe, -He

industrial

IIpoMHmjieHHHH ropoA- An indus-

trial town. IIpoMHmJieHHHH n;eHTp,

paHOH. An industrial centre, region

nPOIIAAAITb, -K), -emb, -k>t imp./p,

nponacTb, nponaAly, -emb, -yx,

past oponaji, -a, -o, -h

1. to be lost, y MCHH nponaji hocoboh

nJiaxoK. / lost my handkerchief.

2. to disappear. Oh ymeji BHcpa

BeqepoM h nponaJi. He went

away yesterday evening and dis-

appeared.

3. to be wasted. BpeMH nponajio

apH. The time has been wasted.

<> Bee nponajio All is lost/ fl

nponSji. / am a lost man/

nPOnACTb see nPOHAAATbnPOnyCKA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -H)x imp.

K r 6? H X 0? / p. nponycxHxb, npo-

^y^^y, nponycxnmb, nponycxHT



npo 116 nPO

1. to let through, rpfiaaoe CTeKJi6

nJioxo nponycKaex cbct. A dirty

glass lets the light through badly.

2. to let go before. IlponycKaTb

flCBymKy B^]epe;^. To let a girl

go before one.

3. to omit. nponycTiiTb cjiobo b

flHKxaHTe. To omit a word in

the dictation.

4. to miss. IIponycKaTb jicki^hh.

To mis'i lectures.

nponycTflTb see nponycKATbnPOCflTb, npomy, npocHint, npocHT

imp. Koro? qxo? o HeM?&+ p. inf. I p. nonpocHTb, nonpo-

ray, iionpocHinb, nonpocflx to asknpociiTb TOBapwma o noMomn.To ask one's friend for help. IIo-

npocHTb hobuh jKypaaji y Apyra.

To ask a friend for a new maga-

zine. Oh npociiJi nac npotiiiTaxb

paccKaa eme pas. He asked us to

read the story once more. Mu no-

npocMJiH, îxoobi OH HOiHeji c heImh.

We asked him to go with us.

nPOCHyXbCH see nPOCbinATbCfl

nPOCnf:KT m. avenuenPOCTflTb see HPOm VTbnPOCTflTbCa see HPOmATbCHnPOCT|Ofl, -aa, -6e, -we, short form

npocx, npocxa, npocxjo, -h; adv.

npocxo; comp. npome

1. simple, npocxoii npnCop. Asimple device, npocxaa aaâia.

A simple problem. 3x0 o'lenb

npocxo c;j.eJiaxb. It is very sim-

ple to do.

2. ordinary. IIpocxoH nejioBeK. Anordinary man.

3. npocxo particle simply, merely. HcKaaaji axo npocxo xan. / said this

for no special reason. 3xo npcS-

cxo nexopomo. It is simply ru)t

nice.

UPOCTPAHCTBO neut.^ space

npocx pa HCXBo H BpeMH. Space and

time. Be.iB03AyniHoe npocxpancxBO.

A vacuum.

nPOCTYAftTbCH see HPOCTS^JKH-

BATbCanPOCTS'JKHBAITbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-lOXCH imp. I p. npocxyjxHXbCH,

npocxyjK^'cb, npocxyj^HmbCfl, npo-

cxy;^HXCfl to catch cold

OceHbK) JiexKo mowho npocxyAwxb-

CH. In autumn people catch colds

easily. Oh cnJibHO npocxyAUJicfl.

He caught a bad cold.

nPOCTblHH /., pi npocxHHH, npo-

cxMHb, npocxMHHM, etc. bedshect

nPOCbinA|TbCH, -locb, -embcfl, -iot-

CH imp. I p. npocHlyxbCH, -ycb,

-embCH, -yxcH to awakeIlpocHyxbCH paHO yxpoM. To awake

early in the morning.

nPOCbBA /. request

OGpaxfixbCH c upocbSoH. To makea request. BbinojiHHXb npdcbSy. Tocomply with one's request. V MeHHK BaM 6oJibmaH npocbSa. / have a

great favour to ask of you.

nPOTHB prep. -\- gen.

1. opposite. Gxoaxb npoxne oKHa.

To stand opposite the window.

2. fgainst. BopoxtcH npoxHB Bpa-

ra. To fight against the enemy.

3. agaiust, in the opposite direc-

tion. MztxH npoxHB Berpa. To

go against the wind.

nPOXJIAJ^Hlblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short

form npoxjia;i;eH, npoxjiaAH|a, -o,

-si; adv. npoxjiaAHO cool

ripoxjiaAHMH Be4ep. A cool evening.\predic. impers. CeroAHH na

yjiHHe npoxjia^Ho. It is cool outside

today.

nPOXO/^flTb, npoxojKy, npox6ziHnib,

npoxoAHx imp. / p. npoHxw, npoH-

flly, -emb, -yx, past npomeji, opo-

mJi|a, -6, -H

1. to move. IIpoHXH BoepcA. To

move to the front. IIpoHxif no

yjiHn;e. To go along the street.

2. to go through. IlpoHxn qepeaJiec. To go through the forest.

Jlyqn coJiHua ne woryx npoHXH

CKB03b rycxyio JiHCXsy. The sun*s

rays cannot penetrate the think

foliage. Paapemnxe npoiixH. Will

you let me pass, please?

3. to go past. Ilpoxoflwxb mhmo

3AaHHH. To go past a building.

4. to cover. IlpoHXH aa aenb CoJiee

20 KHJioMexpoB. To cover over 20

kilometres a day.

5. to be over. 3HMa nponiJi^. The

winter is over. IlpomJio xpn Ha-

ca. Three hours went by.

6. to cease. FojioBHaa 6ojib nporajia.

The headache has ceased. Jô-m^h

npomeji 6ucxpo. It soon stopped

raining.



npo 117 nyc

7. to study. IIpoxofliiTb Kypc $h-

3HKH. To study a course of phys-

ics. Ilpoxoj^wTL Kypc jieqeHHH.

To undergo treatment.nPOHHTATb see HHTATbnPOHHIblfl, -aH, -oe, -He, short form

npoHGH, npoHHa, npoHHJo, -h; adv.

npoHHO

1. durable. IIpohhhh MaxepHaJi. Adurable material.

2. fig. strong, lasting. IIpoHHtiH

MHp. A lasting peace. Hama^pVHtCa npoqna. Our friendship

is strong.

nPOfflJIIblfl, -an, -oe, -He last

B nporiiJiOM ro^y. Last year. HanpouiJiOH nejêJie. Last week.

nPOniAlTb, -10, -einb, -lox imp. ko-

to? H T 0? / p. npolcTHTb, -my,-CTlimb, -CTflT

1. to forgive. IIpocTHTb êjioBGKa.

To forgive a person. Jlpomaxb

ouipiSkh. To forgive one's mis-

takes. IlpocTHTe Mena Excuse me

2. sorry. HpocTiiTe, bh ue sHaexe,

^;ê HBanoB? Sorry, do you know

where Ivanov is? ITpocTHTe, bhHe CKajKexe, KaK npoexaxb b

CoKOJibHHKH? Excusc me, can

you tell me how to get to So-

kolniki?

nPOmA.|TbCfl, -locb, -embCH, -loxca

imp. c KeM? c neu? / p. npo|-

cxHXbcfl, -m;ycb, -cxHuibca, -cxhxch,

or Donpon;a|xbCfl, -locb, -embca,

-lOXCH

1. to take leave. IIonpomaxbCH c poA-

HHMH nepe/t oxtesAOM. To saygood-bye to one's relatives before

one's departure.

2. fig.: npocxnxbCH c Me^xoH. Togive up one's dream.

^ npoii(au(Te) Good-bye

HPOflBftTb see HPOflBJlHTbnPOflBJlH|Tb, -K), -euib, -K)x imp.

H T 0? / />. npoHBHXb, npoHBJiio, npo-

HBHinb, npOHBflX

1. to display. IIpoHBHXb HHxepec

K xeMe. To display an interestin a subject. IlpoflBHXb BHHMa-

HHe K ycnexaM jipyra. To show

interest in one's friend's success.

IlpoflBHXb 3a66xy. To show so-

licitude. IlpOHBHXb CMGJIOCXb,

repoH3M. To display courage,

heroism.

2. to develop. IlpOHBHXb njienKy.

To develop a film.

nPI>irA|Tb, -K), -euib, -lox imp./

p. npHrulyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to jumpHpHrnyxb êpea cxyji. To jumpover a chair. Ilpbiraxb c 6epera b

BOfly. To jump from the shore into

the water. Ilpbiraxb b fl;jiHHy. Todo a long jump. IlpHraxb b bhco-

xy. To do a high jump. HpHraxbc napauiioxoM. To parachute.

npb'irHyxb see npi;irATbnPiIM|OH, -afl, -oe, -ne, short form

npHM, npHMa, npHMJo, -h; adv.

npHMO1. straight. IIpflMaa jihhhh. A

straight line. HpflMaH flopora.

A straight road. M^Hxe Bce BpeMfl

npjiMO. Go straight on all the time.

2. only complete form through.

ripHMoe cooSiueHHe Me?KAy ropo-

;i,aMH. A through service between

towns.

3. fig. frank. IIpHMOH oxBex. A frank

answer. IlpflMOH xapaKxep. Asincere character. GKaaaxb npaB-

^y npHMO B JiHi;6. To speak the

truth to one's face.

nP>l|TATb, -qy, -nenib, -nyx imp.

K o r 6? q X 0? ox koto? o x ^ e-

t6?/p. cnpajxaxb, -ny, -nemb, -nyr

to hide

ripfixaxb cnHHKH ox peSeuKa. Tohide the matches from the child.

IIPH|TATbCH, -Hycb, -genibca, -nyxcH

imp. ox Koro? ox ner 6?/

p. cnpH|xaxbCfl, -nycb, -qeuibca,.

-nyxca to hideIlpflxaxbcfl ox BparoB b Jiecy. To-

hide from the enemies in the woods.

nXflUiA /. bird

nxHUH JiexeJiH K lory. The birds

were flying to the south.

<> JÔManiHflH nxHua. (no pi.}

Poultry.

n^^rOBHIXA /. button

Sacxernyxb najibxo na Bce nyro-

BHiiH. To button up one's coat.

nyCKA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./p. nyCxHXb, nymy, nycxnmb, nyc-

xax

1. to let go. H HHKyaa xe6a He

nymyl — CKaaaJia Maxb. / won't

let you go anywhere said the

mother. Maxb ne nycKaJia ero

ryjiaxb. The mother would not



nyc 118 PAB

let him go for a walk. Hx nyc-

THJiH B flOM. They were let into

the house.

2. to put into operation. IlycTHTb

ajieKTpocTaHi;HK). To put an

electric power station into ope-

ration. EycTHTb noea;^. To start

a train service.

<> ElycTHTb KopHH. To take root.

IlycTHTb B xoA. To set in motion.

HycKfixb nbijib b rjiaaa. To show

nyCTflTb see nYCKAXbnyCT|Ofl, -an, -6e, -bie, short form

nycT, nycTa, nycxlo, -u; adv. nycTO

1. empty. IlycTOH cxaKan. Anempty glass. 3aJi 6hji nycT. Thehall was empty. Ha yjiaqe 6hjio

nycTO. The street was deserted.

2. fig. shallow. IlycTOH qejioeeK.

A shallow person. IlycTOH cnop.

A pointless argument.

nyCTb'IHfl /. desert

nyCTb particle lot

nycTb OH npH;;eT saBxpa. Let himcome tomorrow. Ilycxb Bcerfla 6y-

aex c6jiHi;el May there always besunshine

nyXEfflECTBHE neut. journey, voy-

age, trip

KpyrocBexHoe nyxemecxBHe. Around-the-world journey. nyxemecx-

BHe no MODK). A voyage. Ilyxemecx-

BHe B EBpony. A journey to Europe.

CoBepmnxb nyxemecxBne nocxpane. To travel in a country.

nyXEmECTBlOBATb, -yio, -yemb,

-yiox imp. to travel

IlyxemecxBOBaxb no cxpane. Totravel in a country. IlyxefflecxBO-

Baxb no Mopio. To travel by sea.

fl jiio5jik) nyxemecxBOBaxb. / like

travelling.

nyXb m., gen., dat,, prepos. nyxH,

instr. nyxcM; pi. nyxH, nyxen,

nyxHM etc.

1. way. 3xox nyxb caMUH Kop6x-

KHH. This way is the shortest.

2. journey. BaM npe^cxonx xpyflHHHH onacHWH nyxb. There is a

difficult and dangerous journey

ahead of you.

3. fig. way. KaKHM nyxcM bh flo6H-

JiHCb xaKHX peayjibx^xoB? How{in what way) did you achieve

such results?

^ Bbi cTOHxe Ha BepHOH nyr^.

You are on the right track. H^T^no BepnoMy nyxH. To go along

the right road. CqacxjiHBoro ny-

th a happy journey/ Oh samcji

KG MHe no nyxH. He dropped

in at my place on the way. HonyxH AOMou n KynHJi raaexy.

On my way home I bought a

newspaper. Ha o()paxHOM nyxH.On one's way back.

nUJlb /., prepos. b hlijih dust

CxHpaxb HMJib. To dust.

nb£CA /. play

3xa Hbeca hacx b xedxpe MaHK6B-

CKoro. This play is on at the Maya-kovsky Theatre. 3xy nbecy no-

cxaBHJi OxJiOHKOB. This play was

stafed by Okhlopkov. IlbecH H6ce-

na. Plays by Ibsen.

nbUnibin, -an, -oe, -He

1. drunk.

2. used as n. a drunken man.nUTEPO num. five

IlHxepo flpyaen. Five friends.

riHTHO neut., pi. nnxHa, nHxen stain

HepHHJibHoe HHXHO. An ink-stain.

P, P

PABOTA /.

1. no pi. work. TsimejiaH pa66xa.

Hard work. Pa66xa aJieKxpo-

cxaHn;HH. The work of the elec-

tric power station.

2. no pi. work, job. Ilocxynnxb Ha

padoxy. To go to work. Iloxe-

pHXb pa66xy. Tolose one^s job.

HaHXH pa66xy. To find a job.

HflXH Ha pa66xy. To go to work.

3. work. BucxaBKa pa66x xyflOJK-

HHKa. Exhibition of an artist's

works.

PABOXAITb, -H), -emb, -rox imp.

1. to work. Oh pa66xaex xopomo.

He works well. PaSoxaxb hhjkc-

HepoM. To work as an engineer.

Pa66xaxb b HHcxHxyxe. To work

at an institute. Pa66xaxb c hh-

xeperoM. To work with interest.

2. to work. PaSoxaxb naa cxaxbea,

Ha;^ KHHFOH. To work at an

article, at a book.

3. to work. MamHHa paSoxaex

oxJiHHHO. The machine works per-

fectly well.



PAB 119 PA3

^ Kto He paSoTaeT, tot hg ecT.

He who does not work^ neither shall

he eat.

PABOHlHtt m,gen. -ero worker

PABOHiHfl, -an, -ee, -ne

1. working. PaSo^HH KJiacc. Theworking-class. Pa66qee jifimme-

HHe. The working-class move-

ment.

2. working. Pa66Hee BpeMH. Work-ing hours. PaSoHHH koctiom.

Working clothes.

^ PaSoHHH flenb. Working day.

PaSoqaa CHJia. Manpower.

PABHOAS^mHlblfl, -aa, -oe, -He.

short form- paBHOAymeH, paBHO-;(yuiH|a, -o, -m; adv. paBHo;^yI^HO

indifferent

Oh paBHOAynien k npnpoAe. He is

indifferent to nature.

PABHIHH, -aH, -oe, -ue, short form

paBGH, paBHia, -6, -u

1. equal. PaBHue chjih. Equal

forces.

2. equal. Mh Bce SACCb paBHu. Weare all equal here.

3. equal. J^bb hjiioc ^Ba paBHO ê-

THpcM. Two plus two is four.

-(^ Mee Bce pasHO. It's all the

same to me.

PAfl, -a, -0, -H short adf. KOMy?q e M y? & + m/ (to be) glad

fl BaM oqenb pa^. / am very glad

to see you. Mm paAH BaoiHM ycne-

xaM. We rejoice at your success.

PaA Bac BHflexb. I'm glad to see

you. fl pafla, mo bh npHouiH. I'm

glad you have come.

PAJ^HO neut., indecl., no pi.

1. radio. MaoSpeTeHHe pa^HO. The

invention of the radio. Ilepefla-

B^Tb no paAHO. To broadcast.

2. radio. ITpoBecTii paano. Toput radio (in a house). BKjnoHHTb

paAHO. To turn on the radio.

BuKJiio^HTb pa^HO. To turn off

the radio. CJiyuiaTb paAHO. Tolisten to the radio,

j

PAJ^|OBATb, -yio, -yenib, -yioT imp.

Koro? qxo?//?. oSpaAloBaTb, -yio,

-yemb, -yrax to make glad

Hac paAyiOT Bauin ycnexH. Werejoice at your success. Mena o6pa-

AOBaJio TBoe nacbMO. / was glad

to receive your letter.

PAJ^|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembca.

-yiOTca imp. k o m y? h e m y?/

p. o5paAloBaTbca, -yiocb, -yenibca,

-yiOTca to rejoice

PÂOBaTbca Becae. To rejoice at

spring. Mh paAyeMca BauiHM ycne-

xaM. We rejoice at your success.

PAjÔCTb /. joy, happiness

y Meaa 6oJibmaa paAOCTb. / have

great joy. Oh CKaaaJi Mae o6 3tom

c paAOCTbK). He told me about it

with joy.

PAS m.

1. time. }KH3Hb Aaexca TOJibKO

OAHH pas. Life is given to man

only once. HecKOJibKO pas. Sev-eral times.

2. time. B nepBHH pas. For the

first time. Ha 3tot pas. This

time Oahh pas HAy a no yjiH-

ne... One day I was going along

the street ...

<> KaK pas. Just. He pas. Morethan once. Hh pasy. Not once,

never. CeMb pas oxMepb, oahhpas OTpeJKb. Gf. Measure thy cloth

ten times; thou canst cut it butonce.

PA3BHBA1TBCH -locb, -embca, -rorca

imp. I p. pasSaxbca, pa3o6b|i6cb,

-embca, -loxca

1. to break. CxanaH pasSifjica. The

glass has broken. CxeKJio paaSa-

Jiocb. The glass has broken.

2. to crash. GaMOJiex pa36HJica. Theplane has crashed.

PA3Bflrb see BPITb

PA3BflTbCfl see PA3BHBATbCflPASBYAflTb see BVAflTbPA3BE emphatic particle really

PasBe jieKi;Ha Koannjiacb? Hasthe lecture ended? Paaae xh ae

aaaemb? Don't you know?

PA3BEJli|KA /., gen. pi. -ok

1. prospecting. PasBCAKa noJieaanx

HCKonaeMHX. Pro<ipecting for

mineral deposits.

2.: BosAymnaa pasBCAKa. Air recon-

naissance.

3.: Boeaaaa pasaeAKa. Intelligence.

4. intelligence service. Pa66xa paa-

BeAKH. The work of the intelli-

gence service.

PA3BHBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -lox imp.

axo?//>. paaaiixb, paPOBbjio, -emb,

-K)x to develop



PA3 120 PAH

PasBHBaxb naMHTb. To develop

one's memory. PasBHBaTb npoMtiiii-

JiGHHOCTb. To develop industry.

PasBiiBaxb MLicJib. To develop one's

idea. PasBHsaTb CKopocTb. To de-

velop speed.

PASBHBAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -eiCfl, -iotch imp.

to develop

PeSeaoK 6faicTpo pasBHBaeTCH. The

child develops quickly. IlpOMUfflJieH-

HOCTb paBBHBaexcH ycneiDHo. Theindustry is developing successfully.

PA3BflTHE neut., no pi. development

Pa3BiiTne npoMuniJieHHOcTH, nay-

KH. The development of industry,of science.

PA3BllTb see PA3BHBATBPA3BflTbCH see PA3BHBATbCHPA3rOBAPHBA|TI>, -lo, -emb, -iot

imp. OKOM? HCM? CKGM?to speak

PaaroBapHBaTb c jipyrou no-pyc-

CKH. To speak to a friend in Rus-

sian. PaaroBapHBaxb o saHainHX,

SHaKOMWX. To speak about one's

lessons, about one's acquaintances.PA3rOBOP m. conversation

HHTepecHHH paaroBop. An interest-

ing conversation. PasroBop no Te-

jie(|)6Hy. A telephone conversation.

PA3JÂlBATtCH, Jst & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -ctch, -iotch imp./

p. pasflaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. paaâcTCH, paaâ-

flyTCfl, past pa3/i|aJiCH, -ajiacb, -ocb,

-HCb to be heard

PaaflaJiCH sbohok. A bell was heard.

BâJiH pasAaiOTCH rojioca. Voices

are heard in the distance. PasAaJiCH

yMp rpoMa. A thunderclap was heard.

PA3AATI>Cfl see PA3;ÂBATbCflPA3AEBA|TbCH, -locb, -enibCH, -iotch

imp. Ip. pa3Ae|Tbcfl, -nycb, -HenibCH,

-HyTCH to undress

PaBABBaTbCfl nepea chom. To un-

dress before going to bed. PasfleBaa-

Tecb, nojKaJiyncTa Take off your

coat, pleasel

PA3AEJlflTb see JÊJlUiTh

PA3aETbCfl see PA3JtEBATbCHPA3MfiP m. size

PasMep 66yBH. The size of foot-

wear. IIoKa>KHTe, nojKaJiyncTa,

KOCTioM 50-ro pasMepa. Show me a

size 50 suit, please.

PA3H|bin, -an, -oe, -He {sing, used

rarely)

1. different. Y nnx pasnue xapaK-

Tepu, Their characters are quite

different.

2. different. TKuTh b paanbix ropo-

jxkx. To live in different cities.

3. various. CTyAeHTu paanux na-

UHOHaJibHOCTen. Students of va-

rious nationalities. êjieraTH H3

paanux cTpan. Delegates fromvarious countries.

PA30nTlICb see PACXOAflTbCHPA30PBATb see PBATbPA3PE3ATb see PE3ATb

PA3PEfflA|Tb, -K), -euib, -iot imp.

qTO? KOMy? &-j- inf./p. paape-

mjHTb, -y, -Hmb, -aT to allow

Paap^mHTb GoJibnoMy BCTaBaTb. To

allow the patient to get up. Paape-

niHTe npoiiTii May I get past,

please? PaapeniHTe bohth May I

come in?

PA3PEraflTb see PA3PEinATbPA3PyfflAlTb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

n T 0?//?. pa3pym|HTb, -y, -nnib,

-aT to destroy

PaapyuiHTb aom. To destroy a

house. Pa3pymHTb ropo^. To destroy

a city.

PA3PymHTb see PA3PymATbPA3TbE3aCA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch

imp. K y A a? o t k y a a? /p- pa3T.e-

xaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. paBTieAleTCH, -yTCH to go

away in different directions

Ka>KAbiH roA CTyAeHTM paaêawd-lOTCH Ha KaHHKyjiw. Each year the

students disperse for the holidays.

PA3'b£XATbCH see PA3'bE3MCATb-Cil

PAflOH m.

1. region, area. 9to oCmnpHUHnpoMtiniJieHHHH paaoH. It is a

vast industrial area.

2. district (an administrative di-

vision), fl WHBy B JleHHHCKOM

panoHe Mockbh. / Hue in the

Lenin district in Moscow.

PAKETA /. rocket

SanycTHTb paKCTy b kocmoc. To

launch a rocket into outer space.

PAH|HTb, -K), -HHib, -HT Koro? bo

q T 6? n e M? imp. & p. to wound



PAH 121 PEB

I

PaHHTb nyjien. To wound with a

bullet.I

impera. Boiiua paHHJio b py-

Ky. The soldier was wounded in the

arm.

PAHUinfl, -Hfl, -ee, -He early

PaHHee yipo. An early morning.

PaHHHe $pyKTH. Early fruit.

PAHO adv., comp. paHBine

1. early. Pano yxpoM. Early in the

morning. BciaTb pa ho. To get upearly. Paho Jie^b cnaxb. To go

to bed early. 3HMa nacTynHJia

paHO. Winter came early. Hnpnuieji paHO, a oh eme panb-

me. / came early, but he had

come still earlier. H pano na-

yqHJiCH qHTaib. / learned to

read early.

2. predic. impers. (it is) early. 06e-

fl;aTb eme pano. It is too early

tq dine yet. Cefiqac pano. It is

early now.

^ HeM paHbme, tbm jiyqme. The

earlier, the better.

PAHbfflE adv. before

PaHbuie OH 6eiji jtpyrHM. He was

different before.

PACCEPAfiTbCH see CEPflflTbCH

PACCKA3 m.

1. story. PaccKas MaJibHHKa MenaBSBOJiHOBaJi. The boy's story

moved me.

2. story. MHTepecHHH paccKaa. Aninteresting story. C66pHHK pac-

CKaaoB. A collection of stories.

PACCKA3ATB see PACCKA3bIBATbPACCKA3blBA|Tb, -lo, -emb, -K)t

H T 0? K 6 M? o H e M? imp./

p. paccKaaaxb, paccKaH«y, paccKa-

jKenib, paccKajKyx to tell

PaccKaaaxb HcxopHio. To tell a story.

PaccKasaxb o Apyre, o h<H3hh. Totell about one's friend, life. PaccKa-

SHBaxb CKasKH A6XHM. To tell fairy-

tales to children.

PACCTOHHHE neut. distance

PaccxoHHHe Mm^y ;;ByMH TOHKaMH.

The distance between two points.

PaccxoHHHe ox Mockbu flO JleHHH-

rpaâ- The distance between Moscowand Leningrad. Ilpoexaxb 6oJibm6e

paccxoHHHe. To cover a long dis-

tance.

PACTAflTb see TAflTbPACTEHHE neut. plant

PACT|B[, -y, -enib, -yx, past poc, -Jia,

-Jio, -JiH imp. /p. BupacxlH, -y,

-emb, -yx, past Bbipoc, -Jia, -Jio,

-JIH

1. to grow. êpeBbfl pacxyx mca-

JieHHO. Trees grow slowly.

2. to grow up. MaJibHHK poc b

AepeBHe. The boy grew up in

the countryside.

3. to grow, to increase, to rise.

Ham ropoA pacxex. Our town is

growing. VpoBenb mmun pacxex.

The living standard is rising.

4. to grow. BanaHH pacxyx na lore.

Bananas grow m the south.

PACXOAflTbCH, pacxojKycb, pacxo-

flHmbCfl, pacxoAflxcfl imp./p. paaoH-

xHCb, paaoHAlycb, -embCH, -yxcH

1. 1st and 2nd pers. sing not used to

disperse. PaaoHXHCb c coSpannn.

To disperse after the meeting.

HapoA MeAJieHHO pacxoAHJicfl.

The people were slowly dispersing.

2. to differ. PaaoiixHcb bo bsfjih-

Aax. To differ in opinion, to dis-

agree, y Hero cJioBa ne pacxo-

AflXCH c AGJiOM. His words anddeeds are never at variance.

3. to divorce. Paaouxiicb c MymeM(c JKeHOH). To divorce one's hus-

band (one's wife).

PBlATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past psaJi,

pBaJia, pBaJi|o, -h imp. qxo?1. p. copBlaxb, -y, -emb, -yx to

pick. PBaxb D;BexH. To pick flow-

ers.

2. p. pasopBlaxb, -y, -emb, -yx to

tear (up). PBaxb 6yMary, rasexy.To tear paper, a newspaper.

\\

fig. to break off. PasopBaxb

oxHomeHHH. To break off rela-

tions.

PEBEHIOK m., gen. -Ka; pi pe6Hxa &

AexH; gen. peSax & AexeH child

SAopoBMH pe5eH0K. A healthy

child.

PEBOJlIOI^HOHHIblfl, -aH, -oe, -He

1. revolutionary. PeBOJiK)i;n6HHoe

paSonee ABHJKeHHe. Therevolu-

tionary working-class movement.

PeBOJiFOUHOHHan xeopna. A re-

volutionary theory.

2. revolutionary. PeBOJiKmHOHHoe

pasBHXHe. The revolutionary de-

velopment.

PEBOJIIDI^HH f. revolution



PEfl 122 POA

PFi/^KIHfl, -an, -oe, -He; adu. pe^Ko;

comp. peme1. (ant. rycTdfi) thin. PÂKHe b6-

jiocH. Thin hair. Pe;5KHH Jiec.

A thin wood.

2. (ant. qacTo) rare, seldom. PeflKO

6oJieTb. To be seldom ill.

3. rare. PeAKHe MexdjiJiH. Rare

metals. PcAKan KHHra. A rare

book. PeflKHH cjiyqan. A rare case.

P£3ATb, pe)K|y, -enib, -yi imp. hto?qeM?1. onZ?/ imp. to cut. Ho>K nJi6xo

peJKCT. The knife cuts badly.

2. p. oTpeaaTb, 0Tpe>K|y, -emb, -yx

to cut. Peaaxb xJie6 ho}k6m. To cut

bread with a knife. Oxpeaaxb

KycoK xjie6a. To cut off a slice

of bread.

3. p. paapeaaxb, paapejKly, -enib, -yx

to cut, to carve. Paapeaaxb Kypn-

uy. To carve the chicken.

P£3K|Hfl[, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

peaoK, pesKa, pe3K|o, -h

1. shrill. PeBKHH sbjtk. A shrill

sound. PesKHH rojioc.A shrill voice.

2. harsh. Pcskhh qeJioeeK. A harshperson. Oh 6mji peaoK co bc^mh.

He was harsh to everybody.

3. adv. abruptly, suddenly. IIoeaA

peBKO ocxaHOBHncH. The train

stopped suddenly.

PESyjlbTAT m. result

PeayjibxaxH 6nMX0B. The results of

experiments. IIoJiyHHXb xopomnepeayjibxaxBi. To get good results.

ôcxHHb xopomnx peayJibxaxoB. To

achieve good results.

O- B peayjibTfixe. As a result.

PEKA /., ace. pcKy, pi. peKH, peK,

peKaM, etc. river

ninpoKaH peKa. A wide river.

riJiuxb no peK6. To sail along the

river. Ha 6epery peKH. On the river

bank,

PEMOHT m., no pi. repair

PcMOHX 66yBH. Shoe repairs. Ox-

flaxb B peMOHX. To have (something)

repaired. C^^Jiaxb peMOHX KBapxH-

pu. To redecorate one's flat.

PECHtmA /. eyelash

JljiwBHue pecHHULi. Long eyelashes.

PECn^BJHKA /. republic

PECTOPAH m. restaurant

06eflaxb b pecxopane. To have din-

ner at a restaurant.

PEIÊnX m. prescription

Hanac^xb peq^nx. To write out a

prescription. IloJiyHHXb jieK^pcxBO

no peu6nxy. To have a prescription

made up.

PEH|b /., gen. pi. -6h

1. speech. HtHBan penb. Living

speech.

2. speech. Bucxynaxb c p^qbio. Tomake a speech.

-^Peib HABT o TOM, (iToSbi)... Thepoint is... 05 3tom hb MdHcex 6biTb

H pe«iH. It is out of the question.

PEinA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. qxo?&

-f- inf. I p. pein|Hxb, -y, -nmb, -dx

1. to decide. Mu pemHJin noHxn bKHHO. We decided to go to the

cinema. On peuiHJi ^xaxb. Hedecided to go.

2. to solve. Pemaxb aaflany. Tosolve a problem. Pemaxb B^HCHbie

Bonpocbi. To solve important

questions.

PEfflEHHE neut.

1. decision. IIpdBHJibHoe pem^HHe.

The right decision. IlpHHHXb pe-

mcHHe. To take a decision.

2. solution. PemeHHe BawHOH npo-

6JieMM. The solution of an impor-

tant problem.

PEinflTb see PEfflATbPHC m., no pi. rice

ypowaH pHca. Rice crops. Mhco c

PHCOM. Meat and rice.

PHC|0B.4Tb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox imp.

K r 6? H X o? H e M? / /?. napHCjo-

Baxb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox to draw

PHCOB^xb KapaHAam6M na 6yMare.To draw with a pencil on paper.

PncoB^xb ;^0M. To draw a house.

POBH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. p6BH0

1. smooth. PoBHaH flop6ra. A level

road. IlHc^xb poBHO. To write a

smooth hand.

2. fig. smooth, equable. P6bhhhr6jioc. A smooth voice. PobhuhxapfiKxep. An equable temper.

3. adv., used as particle sharp. HnpHAy poBHO B xpH. ril come at

three sharp.

POJ^ m., pi. poflw, poHOB

1. prepos. B pofly family, kin

2. prepos. b pofly birth, stock, ori-

gin; generation

3. sort, kind. BcHKoro p6Aa. All

kinds of.



POA 123 PYK

t

<^ B CBoeM p5Ae. In its (his, her,

etc.) way. Ht6-to b otom poffe.

Something of the sort.

POJ^HHA/., no pi. mother country

SamHxa poAHHH. The defence of

one's mother country. TKhtl na p6-

flHHe. To live in one's country.

IlHCbMO c poAHHH. A letter from

one's mother country.

POJ^flTEJI|H no sing., gen. -gh par-

ents

IIoMoraTb poAHTejiHM. To help one's

parents. H^htb c poAHiejiflMH. To

live with one's parents.

POAlflTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch imp.

& p., past -HJICfl, -HJllaCb, -OCb, -HCb

& -HJijacb, -OCb, -HCb {only p.)

1. to be born. H poflHJicH b 1930

ô;^y. / was born in 1930.

2. fig. to occur. V mchh po^HJiacb

HACfl. An idea occurred to me.

POOTlOfl, -aH, -6e, -He

1. related by blood or affinity. Poa-

HOH 6paT. A brother. PoAnaaTCTKa. An aunt.

2. native. Poahoh Kpan. Nativeland. Poahoh hswk. Mother

tongue.

3. used as n., pi. PoAHue. Rela-

tives.

POACTBEHHHK m. relation

jJaJibHHH poACTBeHHHK. A distant

relation. Bjihskhh poACTBeHHHK. Anear relation.

POMCÊHHE neut. birth

êHb pojKAeHHH. One's birthday.

n03ApaBJIHK) BaC C AHCM pOHtA^HHH.Many happy returns of the day.

P03A /. rose

Kpacnan posa. A red rose. ByK^x

po3. A bunch of roses.

P030B|blfl, -aH, -oe, -He pink

PoaoBoe njiaxbe. A pink dress.

POJlb /., pi. pojiH, pojieH part

BnyHHTb pojib. To learn one's part.

HrpaTb pojib raMJieia. To play the

part of Hamlet.

^ HrpaTb BawHyiopojib (b

êM-Jli^6o). To play an important

part (in something). 3to He erpa-

CT pojiH. This is of no conse-

quence.

POMAH m. novel

McTopHHecKHH poMaH. An historical

novel. OnyCJiHKOBaxb poM^H. To

publish a novel. Anxop poMana. Theauthor of a novel.

POCT m.

1. growth. PocT pacxeHHH. Thegrowth of plants

2. growth. PocT ropoAOB. Thegrowth of cities. Pocx npoMHin-

jieHHOCXH. The growth of in-

dustry.

3. stature, ^cjiobok bhcokofo poc-

xa, cpeAHero pocxa, HHSKoro

pocxa. A person of large stature,

of medium stature, of small stat-

ure.

POT m., gen. pxa, prepos. bo pxy

mouthBo pxy OH AepJK^Ji nannpocy Hehad a cigarette in his mouth.

POHJIb m. (grand) piano

Hrpaxb Ha poaJie. To play the piano.

PYBAmiKA /., gen. pL -ck shirt;

chemise

BeJiaa pySaraKa. A white shirt.

HoHudH pyS^mna. A nightgown,

a night shirt.

PyBJl|b m., gen. -a rouble

J^sa pySJia. Two roubles. IlaxbpySJieH. Five roubles. B py6Jie cxo

KoneeK. A rouble contains one hund-

red copecks.

<> He HMefi CTO pySjiefi, a hmghCTO Apysefi (proverb). It's better to

have a hundred friends than a hund-

red roubles.

pyrA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. kofo?3 a H X 6? / p. o6pyraIxb, -lo, -emb,

-lox to scold

MaJib^HKa pyr^JiH aa njioxoe no-BeACHHe. The boy was scolded for

bad behaviour.

PYKA /., ace. pyny; pi. pyKH pyK,

pyKaM, etc. hand, arm

JleBaa pyKa. The left hand (arm).

IIpaBaa pyna. The right hand (arm).

êpHcaxb B pyKe. To hold in one's

hand. Oh nowaji en pyny h ymeji.

He shook hands with her and left.

^ HMeTb sojioTue pyKH. To be

masterof

one's work.

Macxep ea BcepyKH. Jack-of-all-trades. êpKcaxb

ce6a B pyKax. To control oneself.

BpaTb ceSa b pyKH. To pull oneself

together. Hath noA pyKy* To walk

arm-in-arm. BpaTb noA pyKy. To

take somebody's arm. PyKofi noAaTb.

It's a stone's throw (from here)



PYK 124 CAfl

MaxHyxb pyKOH na Kor6-jiH6o,

HTO-JifiSo. To give up somebody,

something. 3to b namiix pyKax.

It is in our hands. BpaTb b cbohpvKU. To take into one's hands.

BbiTb 6e3 Kor6-JiH6o, nero-JiHSo

KaK 6e3 pyK. To be quite helpless

without somebody, something.

PYKAB m., gen. -a sleeve

KopoTKHe pyKSBa. Short sleeves.

pyKOBOAflTEJlb m. leader

PyKOBOIAflTb, -jKy, -flHinb, -flax

imp. K e M? q e M? to direct, to

run, to lead

FyKOBOjiHTb paSoTOH. To direct the

work. FyKOBOjtHTb JiioflbMH. To lead

people. PyKOBO;^HTb aaBOAOM. To

run a plant.

PycCKIHH, -aH, -oe, -ne

1. Russian. PyccKHH napoA- The

Russian people. PyccKaa npapo-

;â. The Russian countryside.

PyccKHH H3MK. The Russian

language.

2. used as n. Russian. Mm pyccKHe.

We are Russians.

P5^M|KA /., gen. pi. -eK

1. handle. PyqKa ABepn. A door-

handle.

2. pen. ITHcaxb pyqKOH. To write

with a pen.

PL'IBA /.

1. fish. B aKBapnyMe njiaBaJiH paa-

Hwe pmSh. Various fishes were

swimming in the aquarium.

2. collective fish. JIoBHXb pwCy. To

catch fish.

3. collective fish. }KapeHaH pmSa.Fried fish.

<> Hii pwGa HH Mnco. Neither

fish nor flesh.

Pb'IHlOK m., gen. -na

1. market. Kojixoshwh pwHOK. Acollective- farm market. IlpoflaBaTb

$pyKTbi Ha pbiHKe. To sell fruit

in a market.

2. market. MnpoBoa pwHOK. The

world market.

PHfl m., prepos. o (b) pHAe & b pHAy;pi. pflAM

1. row. PflA AOMOB. A row of houses.

Pha JiiOAeH. A line of people.

riepBUH pHA napT^pa. The

first row of the stalls. CHAeib B

n^pBOM pflAY- To sit in the first

row.

2. a number (of). Oh npHBeji u6-

JiuH pflA npHMepoB. He gave

quite a number of examples. B

paAe cjiyâeB axo xaK. In a num-ber of cases it is so.

<> BbiTb b nepBbix pnA^x. To be

in the forefront.

PHAOM adv.

1. nearby. MaraawH naxoAHxcH pa-

AOM. The shop i9 nearby.

2. by. Gxofixb phaom c CpaxoM. Tostand by one's brother.

C, c

C prep.

I. -i-gen.

1. otf, from. BsHXb KHwry c dojikh.

To take a book off the shelf.

2. from. Bepnyxbcfl c paSoxbi. Tocome back from work.

3. from. C yxpa ao Benepa. Frommorning till evening. G pannaxJiex. From one's early years.

4. from. IlepeBecxH c pyccKoro

H3HKa Ha (J)paHHy3CKHH. Totranslate from Russian into

French.

II. -[- instr.

1. with. HejiOBCK c nopx(|)eJieM. Aman with a brief-case. Bpax g

cecxpoH. The brother and the

sister. ToBopMXb c ApysbHMH. To

speak to one's friends. Bcxp6-

xHXbCH c xoBapHni;aMH. To miet

one's friends.

2. with, and. K6$e c mojiokom. Cof-fee and milk.

3. with. Pa66xaxb c yAOBOJibcxBHCM.

To work with pleasure. GMOxpexb

4)H;ibM c HHxepecoM. To see a

film with interest.

CAJ^ m., prepos. b caAy & o caAe; pi.

caAu garden

JIÔM cxoflJi B caAy. The house stood

in a garden. (PpyKXOBUH caA- Anorchard. BoxaHH4ecKHH caA- Botan-

ical garden.

<> AcTCKHH caA.yl kindergarten.

CAlJ^flTBCH, -Htycb, -AwnifcCH, -ahxch

imp. K y A a? & + inf. I p. cecxb,

CHAly. -emb, -yx, past ceJi, -a, -o, -h

1. to sit down. CaAWTbCH na cxyji.

To sit down on a chair. Gecxb 3a

cxoji. To sit down to table.



CA5K 125 CBE

2. to get on, in. CaflHTbcn b noes^,

B aBTOModHJib. To get on a train,

in a motor-car.

3. to set (to work). GecxB sa pa66-

Ty. To set to work.

4. to set. CojiHiê caAHTca. The sun

is setting.

CAHCAlTb, -H),^ -eniB, -k)t koto?HTO? Kyâ? imp. I p. nocaAWTb,

nocajKy, nocaAHoiB, nocaAHx

1. to put, to place. IIocaAaTb dth-

ny B KJiexKy. To put the bird

into a cage.

2. to plant. GajKaxb i^Bexti. To

plant flowers.

CAJIAT m.

1. lettuce. GBe?KHH caJiax. Fresh

lettuce.

2. salad. CaJiax h3 orypiôB, h3 no-

MHAopoB. A cucumber salad, a

tomato salad.

CAJI<DET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok napkin

Hacxan caJiêxKa. A clean napkin.

ByMawnaH caJiêxKa. A paper nap-

kin. IIoJibaoBaxBca caJi$exK0H. To

use a napkin.

CAM, caMa, caMO, caMH pron.1. myself, yourself, himself, herself,

itself, ourselves, yourselves, them-

selves. He HaAO MHe noMoraxb, a

caM Bce CAeJiaio. Don't help me,

ril do everything myself.

2. myself, yourself, himself, her-

self, itself, ourselves, your-

selves, themselves. Oh caM roBO-

pHJi o5 3X0M. He himself told

me that.

CAMOJ],£HTEJIbHOCTI> /., no pi.amateur talent activities

XyAOJKecxBeHHaH caMOAenxeJib-

Hocxb. Amateur theatricals. Beêp

caMOAeaxeJibHOCXH. An amateur

concert.

'CAMOJIET m. aeroplane

Jlexexb na caMOJiexe. To go by air.

PeaKXHBHBiH caMOJiex. A jet plane.

CAMOOBCJiyaCHBAHHE neut. self-

service

CaMoo6cjiyHtHBaHHe b cxojioboh.

Self-service in a cafeteria. MaraaHH

caMOo6cJiyH<HBaHHH. A self-service

shop.

CAMOCTOHTEJlbHIblfl, -an, -oe,

-He; adv. caMocxoaxejibHO indepen-

dent, self-dependent

CaMOCxoflxeJibHafl pa66xa. Inde-

pendent work. GaMOcxoaxeJibHHH ê-

JiOBCK. A self-dependent person.

}KHXb caMOCxoflxeJibHO. To live in-

dependently. Oh caMOcxoHxeJibHO

Hsyâex pyccKHH hbhk. He studies

Russian by himself.

CAMIblfl, -aa, -oe, -He pron.

1. the very. 3xo KHiira, Koxopyio

XH HCKaJi? — â, 3X0 xa caMaa

KHHra. /5 this the book you

were looking for? Yes, that's

the very book.

2. very. Maraaan naxoAHXca b ca-

MOM KOHue yjiHHH. The shop is

at the very end of the street, fl

3Haji 3X0 c caMOro naqaJia. /knew it from the very start.

3. most. CaMHH xopomna. The

best. GaMBiii KpaCHBHH ropo^.

The most beautiful city.

'

<> B caMOM ACJie, oh npae. As a

matter of fact, he is right. MmAyMEJiH, OH 66jieH, a na eaMOM

ACJie OH SAopoB. We thought he

was ill, but in fact he is all right.

CAXAP m. sugar

KnjiorpaMM caxapa. A kilogramme

of sugar, ân c caxapoM. Tea with

sugar.

CBOPHHK m. collection

GGopuHK cxaxeH. A collection of

articles.

CBAjUbBA /., gen. pi. CBaAeS wed-

ding

Becejiaa CBaA^Sa. A merry wedding.

Bhxb Ha CBaAbSe. To be present at

a wedding. ilpasAHOBaxb cBaAb6y.

To celebrate one's wedding.

<> Jô cBaAb6bi saHfiiBCT (proverb).

It'll have healed before your wed-

ding.

CBAPflTb see BAPflTbCBE3K|Hfl, -aa, -ee, -ne, short forni

CBejK, cBewa, CBe>K|e, -h; adv. cBemo

1. fresh. GBe>Kee mfico. Fresh meat.

CBe>KHe HBexH. Fresh flowers.

GBemne ApyKXH. Fresh fruit.

GBe>KHe OBO^^H. Fresh vegeta-

bles.

2. fresh. Gbcjkhh BoSAyx. Fresh air.

Ha CBeHteM BOSAyxe. In the fresh

air.

3. cool. GBeJKee yxpo. A cool morn-

ing.Ipredic. impers. GerOAHH

CBewoI It's cool today/



CBE 126 CBH

4. fresh. Cb^jkhg raaexH. Fresh

newspapers.

<^ BpaTbCH 3a paSoTy co ceeHcnMii

CHnaMH. To tackle the work with

renewed strength.

CBEPKA|Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. -ex, -K)t imp. / p. CBepK-

hIvtl, 7s/ & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. -ex, -yx to flash, to

sparkle

B He6e CBepKHyjia mojihhh. Light-

ning flashed in the sky. Mope csep-

KaJio. The sea was sparkling.

CBEPKH^Tb see CBEPKATb

CBEPXy adv,1. oxKyfla? from ahove. Ceepxy

ynfiji KaMeHb. A stone fell fromabove. CMOxpexfc csepxy bhh3.

To look down.

2. Tjie? on the surface. JKnp njia-

Baex CBepxy. Fat floats on the

surface.

CBETi m., no pi.

1. light. CojiHGHHUH CBex. Sun-

light.

2. light. Samemy cBex. To switch onthe light. IIoracHXB cbbx. Toswitch off the light. IIocMOxpexL

Ha CBex. To look (at something)

against the light. Hnxaxb npnCBexe jiaMDH. To read by lamp-

light.

<» yqeHbe — cbbt, a Heyqenbe —TbMa (proverb). Cf. He that ne-

glects learning in his youth, loses

the past and is dead for the fu-

ture.

CBET2 m., no pi. world

riyxeniecxBHe BOKpyr csexa. A jour-

ney round the world.

CBETflTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. CBexHX, CBexflX

CojiHixe flpKO CBex MX. The sun is

shining brightly.

CBl^TJl|bIfl[, -an, -oe, -He; adv. CBexjio

1. light. GBexjian KOMHaxa. A light

room.Ipredic. impers. Ha yjiHii;e

CBexjio. It is light in the street.

2. light. Cbcxjiuh kocxiom. A light

suit.

3. fig. lucid. CBexjiHH yM, CBexjiaa

roJiOBa. A lucid mind.

CBHA'^HHE neut. appointment, meet-

ing

Haxh Ha CBHfldHHe. To go to keep

an appointment. HasH^HHXb CBHAd-HHe. To make an appointment.

<> flo CBnAaHnn Good-bye/ Jô

CKoporo cbma^hhh See you soon/CBOBOÂ /.

1. only sing, freedom. BopbCa 3a CBO-

66fly. Struggle for freedom. 3aB0e-

Baxb CBoGoAy. To win freedom.

2. freedom. CBo66;;a cjiosa. Thefreedom of speech. CBo66;â ne-

qaxH. Freedom of press.

CBOBO^Hlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form cBo66;teH, CBo66AH|a, -o, -h;

adv. CBo66flHO

1. free. CBo66flHHH Hapo;^. A free

people.

2. only complete form free of charge.

Cbo66ahhh bxoa. Free admis-

sion.

3. adv. fluently. H CBo66flHO roBopi^

no-anrjiBHCKH. / speak English

fluently.

4. vacant. CBo66AHoe Mecxo. A va-

cant seat. 3to Mecxo CBoSoflHO?

Is this seat vacant?

5. free. CBoSoAHoe BpeMH. Free time.

CeroflHfl BeqepoM a CBo66AeH./ am free tonight.

CBOB, CEOH, CBoe, cboh pron. one's

(own)

fl HAy K CBoeMy xoeapHmy. / amgoing to my friend's. Oh naACJi

cboh kocxiom. He put on his suit.

H npocHJi xoBapnnia npHnecxH mhbCBOK) KHHry. I asked my friend to

bring me his book.

CBOflCTBO neut. property

CBflSATb see CBH3bIBATbCBH3bIBA|Tb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp,

Koro? Hxo? c KCMPcqe m?/

p. cBflsaxb.cBHHty.cBHHcemb, CBHmyr1. to tie together. CBHsaxb OAny

BepeBKy c ApyroH. To tie one

rope to another.

2. fig. to involve. 3xo CBHsano c

6ojibmHMH xpyAHOCxflMH. This

involves great difficulties.

CBfl3b /.

1. tie.

VKpenjiflxb cbhsh c napoAa-MH Bcex cxpaH. To strengthen

the ties with the peoples of alt

countries.

2. communication. Tejierpd^nan

CBHBb. Telegraph communication.

3. connection.

•<> B CBH3H C TeM, <ITO... In



cro 127 CEP

I

connection with... B cbhsh c 9thm...

In this connection...

CrOPfiTb see TOPETBC;Â|BATb, -K), -eiuL, -K)T imp. hto?/

p. CflQTL, CflHM, Cflanib, CflaCT,

c;iaAHM, cflaflHTe, cffaAyx, past

Cflaji, -a, cflajijo, -h

1. to return. CASTb KHHry b 6h6-

jiHOTeKy. To return the book to

the library.

2. to let. CflaBaib flany, KOMHaiy.

To let a summer cottage, a room.

3. to take. CAaBaib aKsaMenH. Totake examinations.

CJÂTb see CÂBATBCJÂHA /., no pi. change

Ilojiy^HTb cflaiy. To get some

change. Jlaxb 10 KoneeK ca^hh. To

give 10 copecks change.

CflEJTATb see flEJIATBC;ÊPHÂTL see JJElHCATb, 2

CEBH pron., no ncm.\ gen., ace. ccCh,

dat., prepos. ce6e, instr. co66h

myself, yourself, himself, herself,

itself; ourselves, yourselves, them-

selves

IlpHrjiacHTb K ce6e ômoh. To in-

vite to one's place. B ;aop6ry hBBHJi c co66h MbiJio, nojioTeniê

H syCnyio meiKy. / took soap, a

towel, and a toothbrush with me on

my trip. PaGoTaTb y ce6fl flOMa. To

work at home.

-<> HHTaxb npo ceCn. To read to

oneself. Buhtb h3 ccGh. To be

beside oneself. UpiiiiTH b ce6fl. To

come to one's senses.

CEBEP m., no pi.

i. north. CaMOJiex jieTHT na cesep.

The plane is flying northward.

K ceBepy ox Her6-JiH6o. North

of some place.

2. north. JKbxb na ceBepe. To live

in the North.

C£BEPH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He north(ern)

CeBepHUH Bexep. A north wind.

CeBepHUH nojiioc. The North Pole.

CEPOOTH [-bo-] adv. today

GeroAHH Syaex ao>kjii>- ^^ ^Hl fc^^n

today. CeroAHH yxpoM. This morn-

ing. CeroflHH BeqepoM. Tonight.

CErOAHflmillHfl, -Ra, -ee, -He to-

day's

CeroAHflmHflfl rasexa. Today's news-

paper.

CEJ^10B[, -an, -6e, -He, short form ce^,

ceâ, ce^H

1. grey. CeflHe bojioch. Grey hair.

2. grey-haired. CeAOH cxapHK. Agrey-haired old man.

CEHHAC arfy.

1. now. CeHH^c h qyBcxByio ce6fl

xopomo. Now I feel well. Cen-

âc HAex ypoK. A lesson is in

progress now.

2. right now. H cenqac npH^y.

I'll come right now Genâc meHAH ciOAa — CeHHac ''Come

here at once/ Just a mo-ment/

CEKPETAP|b m., gen. -A secretary

CEK^HAA /. second

^Be ceKyHAH, naxb ceKyHA. Twoseconds, five seconds.

<^ Chio CBKyHAy Just a moment/

CEJlO neut., pi. cejia village

CEJlbCKlHfl, -an, -oe, -He country,

village

CejibCKafl MecxHOCXb, Country local-

ity. CejibCKan }KH3Hb. Country life.

CejibCKHH Bpan. A country doctor.

•<> CejibCKoe xo3flHCTBO. Agricul-

ture.

CEMbH /., pi. ceMbH, ceMen family

^pyjKHaH ceMbH. A united family.

y MCHH 6ojTbmafl ceMba. / have a

large family.

CEHTUBPIb m., gen. -A September

3aBxpa Dflxoe ceHxaCpji. Tomorrow

is the fifth of September. B cen-

Xfl6pe y nac enie xenjio. It is still

warm in September in our parts.

CEPAEHHiblH, -an, -oe, -ne, short

form cepAeqeH, cepAeHH|a, -o, -h;

adv. cepAeqno cordial

IlepeAaxb cepAennHH npHBex. Togive one's warmest regards. CepAeH-

HHH npneM, cepAeHHan oScxanoBKa.

A cordial reception, a cordial at-

mosphere.

CEP;i;flT|blfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

cepAHX, -a, -o, -h; adv. cepAHXo

angry

CepAHXHH qeJiOBCK. An angry per-

son. H cepAHX na nero. / am angry

with him. CepAHXHH BarJiHA- Anangry look.

CEPJ^flTbCH, cepjKycb, cepAHmbCH,

cepAHxcH imp. h a k o r 6?

Ha mo? I p. paccepAHXBCfl,



CEP 128 CHJI

paccepwycb, paccep/iHinbCfl, pac-

cepAHTCfl to be angry

He cep^HCbl Don't be angry Maxbpaccep;(HJiacb na cwHa aa ono3Aa-

HHe. The mother was angry with

her son for being late.

C£POT|E neut., pi. -a, cepAei^, cepAâM,

etc.

1. heart. V nero dojibHoe cepîê.

He has a bad heart.

2. fig. heart. Oh aaMeqaieJibHtiH

qejiOBeK, y nero aojioxoe cepAi;e.

He is a wonderful man, he has a

heart of gold.

<> IIosApaBJiflTb OT Bcero cepAUA'

To congratulate with all one's heart.

FoBopHTb OT HHCToro cepwa. To

speak from the bottom of one's

heart. V mbhh ee jicwht k oTOMy

cepnue. / have no liking for this.

CEPEA0HA /. middle

CepeAHHa Kpyra. The centre of a

circle. B cepeAwne Jieca. In the

middle of the forest. GepeAHHa Jie-

Ta. The middle of the summer.

C£P|bIfl, -an, -08, -He grey

GepuH KOCTioM. A grey suit (cos-tume). Cepue rjiaaa. Grey eyes.

CEPbE3H|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form cepheaen, cepbe3H|a, -o, -h;

adu. cepbeano

1. serious. GepbesHHH HeJioeeK. Aserious person.

2. serious. GepbeBHan Knnra. A se-

rious book. GepbesHaa MysHKa.

Serious music. GepbliauHH paa-

roBop. A serious talk. Gepbeauo

3a, yMaTbrH.To

think seriously.

3. serious. Gepbeaeoe nojioweHHe. Aserious situation. GepbcanaH 6o-

Jieaub. A serious illness.

CECTPA /., pi cecipw, cecxep, cecxpaM,

etc.

1. sister. Gxapraafl cecxpa. Elder

(eldest) sister. MJiaAmaa cecxpa.

Younger (youngest) sister. Poa-

HaH cecxpa. A sister. /],BOi6poAHaH

cecxpa. A cousin.

2. nurse. MeAHmiHCKaH cecxpa. A(hospital) nurse.

CECTb see CAAflTbCHCE|HTb, -K), -euib, -lox imp. q x o?/

p. noce|flXb, -K), -emb, -lox to sow

GcHXb omeHHqy, KyKypyay. To

sow wheat, maize.

CaeE^b see aCEHb

C3AflH1. adv. behind. Oh men csaAH. He

was walking behind.

2. prep. -{-gen. behind. GaaAH AOMa

6hji caA. There was a garden be-

hind the house, fl chacji caaAH

mo(J)epa. / was sitting behind the

driver.

CHIflETb, -my, -Anmb, -ahx imp.

TAB?1. to sit. GiiAGTb HaAHBane, na cxy-

Jie. To sit on the divan, on a chair.

2. to stay. IêJiHH A^Hb oh CHAeji

OAHH. He stayed at home alone

the whole day.

<> CiiAexb Ha raee y Kor6-jift6o.

To be on somebody's hands. CBflfitb

CJio»<a pyKu. To sit idle.

CflJIA /.

1. strength. HejioBeK 6ojibm6H $h-

3HiecK0H CHjiH. A man of great

physical strength.

2. power. GiiJia cjioBa. The power of

the word. CnJia npHBUiKH. Force

of habit.

3. usu. pi. forces. BoopymeHHHe ch-

JIH. The armed forces. Ghjih mh-pa H nporpecca. The forces of

peace and progress.

4. force. CHJia xfiwecxn. Force of

gravity.

<> EeHcaxb nao Bcex cn;i. To run

as fast as one can. JêJiaxb qTO-

jih6o qepea CHJiy. To force one-

self to do something, fl ne b

CHJiax CAGJiaTb 3T0. / am unable

to do that. 3to CBUine mohx chji.

This is beyond

mypowers. Mhc 6to

He noA CHJiy. this is beyond mypowers. 3to b Hamiix CHJiax. Weare able to do that.

GflJIbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form

CHJiea, CHJIbHa, CHJIbHO, CHJIbHH;

adv. CHJIbHO

1. strong, powerful. Cwnbuuu qejioj

BeK. A strong man. Ghjii>hhh

BapHB. A powerful explosion.

GHJibHO yAapHXb. To hit a heavy

blow.Ifig. Ero penb npoHSsejia Ha

MCHH cHJibHoe BncHaxJieHHe. His

speech made a strong impression

on me. Y Hero CHJibnaa bojih.

He is a man of strong will.

2. loud, severe. GnJibHHH myM. Aloud noise. GnJibHHH Mopos. Se-

vere frost.



CHH 129 cKy

I

CflHintt, -Hfl, -ee, -He blue

CHHee Mope. Blue sea. CnHne rjia-

3a. Blue eyes.

CHPOTA m. & /., pi. CHpoTH orphanOh ocxajicfl cnpoTon. He became

an orphan.

<> KpyrjiWH CBp«Ta. A complete

orphan.

CKA3ATb see TOBOPflTbCKA3|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fairy-tale

Hap6ji;HBie CKasKH. Folk tales.

CKAMElflKA /., gen. pi. -bk bench

CuAeTb na CKaMCHKe. To sit on a

bench.

CKATEPT|B /., gen. pi. -m table-

cloth

BeJiaH CKaTepiB. A white table-

cloth. riocTejiHTb CKaxepTB, To

spread a table-cloth. Gtoji noKpHT

KpacHBOH CKaxepTbio. The table is

covered with a beautiful table-cloth.

CKBEP m. public garden

B CKsepe nrpajin ji;eTH. Children

were playing in the public garden.

CKB03b prep, -j- ace. through

CKBOSb jiHCTBy 6biJio BHAHO He6o.

The sky was visible through the fo-

liage.

<> CMOTpeTb Ha ^TO-JIHSo CKBOSb

najibi^bi. To close one's eyes to

something.

CK0JIb3K|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne; adv.

CKOJibSKO slippery

GKOJibSKHH noji. A slippery floor.

\predic. impers. Ha yjiHn,e cKOJibSKO.

It is slippery outside.

CKOJIbKO how much, how many

GKOJibKO qeJiOBBK npHffljio? Howmany people have come? GKOJibKO

CTOHT 3Ta KHiira? How much is this

book? GKOJibKO BpeMeHH? What time

is it? GKOJibKO BaM Jiex? How old

are you? ITocMOTpHTe, CKOJibKO

3Aecb KpacHBWX i^BeTOB Look what

a lot of beautiful flowers there are

here

<> GKOJibKO rOJIOB, CTOJIbKO yMOB.

As many men, as many minds.

CKOPEE1. comp. of adv. cKopo

2. adv. rather, sooner. Oh CKopee

yMpeT, êM npnanaeT cbok)

oiiiH6KyI He will rather die than

admit his mistake

<0' CKopee Bcero axo thk. Most

likely it is true.

9—4002

CKOPO adv., comp. CKopee soon

GKopo HacxynHT Becna. Spring

will come soon. H. CKopo npn^y.

I'll come soon. npHxo^H CKopeeCome sooner KaK moh^ho CKopee.

As soon as you can.

CKOPOCTb /. speed

Exaxb c SojibmoH CKopocxbio. Todrive at a high speed.

CKOPlblfl, -an, -oe, -He

1. fast. GKopHH noesji,. A fast train.

GKopaH noMomb. First aid.

2. soon. ^0 CKopoH Bcxpe^n See

you soon J\o CKoporo cBHflaHHfl

See you soon

CKPflniKA /., gen. pi. -ok violin

Hrpaxb na CKpiiUKe. To play the

violin.

CKPOMHIbia, -an, -oe, -He; adv.

CKpOMHO

1. modest. Ckpomhhh qeJiOBCK. Amodest person. GKpoMUO Becxii

ce6H. To behave modestly.

2. moderate. GKpoMHbie ycnexii.

Moderate success.

CKPbIBA|Tb, -K), -erab, -lox imp.

nxo? ox Koro? ox Her 6?/

p. CKpHxb, CKpolK), -emb, -K)X to

conceal

GKpHBaxb BsrJiHAH. To conceal

one's views. Oh CKptiBaex, hxo nii-

mex cxHXii. He conceals the fact

that he writes poetry.

CKPblBAITbCH, -locb, -embcH, -ioxch

imp. r A e? ox k o r 6? / p. CKpnxb-

cfl, cKp6|iocb, -embcfl, -ioxch

1. only imp. to hide. GKpHBaxbCfl

ox noJiHUiHH. To hide from the

police.

2. to escape. IIpecxynHHK ckplijich.

The criminal escaped.

3. to disappear. IIoesA ckplijich

BAaJiH. The train disappeared in

the distance. HejiOBeK CKpuJiCH

3a yrJiOM. The man disappeared

round the corner.

CKPblTb see CKPblBATb

CKPb'ITbCfl see CKPblBATbCIlCKYHAITb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. no

K M y? no H e M y? to miss, to

be lonesome

GKynaxb no poAHxeJiHM. To miss

one's parents. GKynaxb no ]x6uy.

To be homesick.



cKy 130 CJIO

CKS'HHiblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short formCKynen, cKy^Ha, CKy^Hlo, -h; adv.

CKy^HO

1. dull.

CKyqHHH nejioBeK. A dullman.

2. boring. CKyiHHU paaroBop. Aboring conversation.

3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) bored.

Mne CKyHHO. / am bored.

CJlAB|Llfl, -an, -oe, -we, short formcjia6, cjiaSa, cjia6|o, -h; adv. cJia6o

1. weak. GJiaSHH nejiOBeK. A weak

person. CJiaStiH yâp. A feeble

blow. GjiaSoe cepîie. A weak

heart.

2. fig. weak. Cjia6aH bojih. A weak

will. CjiaSma xapaKxep. A weak

character.

<> 3to ero cjiaSoe mccto. It's his

weak point. CjiaSaa uajêmjia.

A feeble hope.

CJIABA /., no pi. fame; glory

FpoMKan cjiaea. Great fame. K Heiny

npHiujia CJiaea. He has become fa-

mous. GJiaea noKopHTejiHM KOCMOcal

Glory to the conquerors of Space

CJIABH|LIB[, -afl, -oe, -He fine, nice

Oh cJiaBHHH napenb. He is a fine

fellow.

CJIA^KIHH, -an, -oe, -ne, short formcjiaAOK, cjia^Ka, cjiaj];K|o, -h; adv.

cjiaflKo; comp. cjiarqe sweet

CJiaAKoe hSjioko. A sweet apple.

CJiaAKHH Han. Sweet tea.\fig. GJiajt-

KaH yjiLiGKa. A sweet smile.

CJIEBA adv. {cf. HAJIEBO, 2) to (on)

the left

GjieBa — OKHO, cnpaBa — ;iBepb. Onthe left is a window, on the right

is a door. CJieBa ot MenH CHêji

MOH CTapHH j^pyr. On my left sat

an old friend of mine.

CJIEJ^ m., pi. cjieAH

1. track. GjieflH na enery. Tracks

on the snow. H^th no cjie;âM.

To follow in the tracks.

2. gen. -a trace. Cjiej^H KpacKH.

Traces of paint.

3. fig. trace. CJie^H bohhh. Thetraces of the war.

<> OcTHBHTb cjie^. To leave a

trace. HcêanyTb 6e3 CJiefla. To dis-

appear without leaving a trace.

CJIE|/^flTb, -JKy, -j^Hinb, -aht imp.

3a KCM? 3a HCM?1. to follow. GjieflHTb 3a ABH»eHHeM

cnyxHHKa. To follow the move-

ment of a satellite.

2. to have an eye (on). GJieflHTb

3a HOBHHKaMH jiHTepaxypH. Tohave an eye on the latest publi-

cations.

3. to watch. Cjie^HTb 3a sparoM.

To watch the enemy.

CJifiAOBATEJIBHO conj. therefore,

consequently

A paBHO B, cjiejtoBaxejibHO B paB-

h6 A. A equals B, therefore Bequals A.

CJIEJ^yiOimHfl, -an, -ee, -ne next

B cjiejtyioniHH paa. Next time. HacJie/tyioniiHH ;i;eHb. On the next day.

CJIE3A /., pi. cJiesH, cjies, cJie3aM»

etc.

1. t^r. no ee Jiimy xeKJin cjiesH.

Tears were streaming down her

face.

2. pi. tears. ToBopiiTb cKB03b cJiesH.

To speak through tears.

<> OGmaho AG cjie3. It is enough

to make one cry. CMeflTbCH flo

cjiea. To laugh until one cries.

GjiesaMH ropH) ho rioMOHcenii*

(proverb). Cf. It's no use crying

over spilt milk.

CJIEniOfl, -afl, -oe, -ue blind

CJienoH MaJibHHK. A blind boy.

CJlflmKOM adv. too

Th noemb cjiiimKOM rpoMKO. Youare singing too loud.

<> 3to (ywx) cjiumKOM That's

really too much

CJIOBAP|b m., gen. -A dictionary, vo-cabulary

AHPJio-pyccKHH cJiOBapb. An Eng-

lish-Russian dictionary. Opôrpa-

ûqecKHH cjiOBapb. A spelling die-

tionary. Tojikobhh cjiOBapb. Anexplanatory dictionary.

CJIOBIO neut., pi. -a

1. word. T^JiHHHoe cjiobo. A long

word. Xopomne cjioBa. Good

words.

2. speech. CBoSoAa cjiOBa. Freedomof speech.

3. only sing, remark. 3aKJii0HHTejib-

Hoe CJIOBO. Concluding remarks.

npcAOCTaBHTb CJIOBO. To give

the floor.

4. only sing. word. CêpjKaTb cjio-

bo. To keep one's word, âib



CJIO 131 CME

êcTHoe CJIOBO. To give one's

word of honour.

5- word. PoMaHC na cjiosa Ilyin-

KHHa. Romance, words by Push-

kin.

•<> Ho cJioBaM 6paTa. According to

one's brother, PaccKaaaxb cbo-

HMH cjiOBaMH. To tell in one's own

words. BepHTb Ha cjiobo... To

take somebody's word for...

CflCJiaTb no nocjieAHeMy cjio-

ey HayKH h tcxhhkh. To do

something according to the last

word in science and technology.

B jiByx cjiOBax. In a nutshell.

CJlOHCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ho, short form

cJiojKGH, cjiojKHa, cji65Kh|o, -h; adv.

cjiomno

1. complex. CJiojKHaH Mamima. Acomplex machine.

2. complicated. CjiojKHaa aaflaîa.

A complicated task. CjiojKHafl

oScTanoBKa. Difficult situation.

Bee 9T0 oieHb cjiojkho. This is

all very complicated.

CJIOMATB see JIOMATb

CJIOMATBCH see JIOMATBCHCJIOH m., gen. -a elephant

CJiyjKAIlilHfl m., gen. -ero employee

CJiyjKflTb, cJiyjKy, cjiymnmb, cjiy-

JKax imp.

1. KOMy? neMy? to serve. GJiy-

HtHTb Hapo^y. To serve one's

people. CJiyJKHTb flejiy MHpa. To

serve the cause of peace.

2. r fl e? K e M? to serve, to work.

CJiyjKHTb B apMHH. To serve in

the army. CJiyJKHTb b 6aHKe. Towork in a bank. CJiyjKHTb 3ko-

HOMHCTOM. To work as an econ-

omist.

3. q e M? to be. GJiyjKiiTb npHMe-

poM AJiH flpypHX. To be an

example for others.

CJiyx m. hearing

y pe6eHKa xopomnn cjiyx. Thechild has a good ear. MysMKaJib-

HHH cjiyx. A good ear for music.

CJI^HAfl m. incidentGJiyHaii h3 h^hshh. An incident

from life.

<> HecqacTHbiH cjiyâfi. An acci-

dent. Ha BCflKHH cjiyâii a aa-

HHcaji ero aflpec. / wrote down

his address just in case. B ot-

nejibHbix cJiyâHx aro bo3m6h<-

9*

HO. In some cases it is possible.

B TOM cjiy»iae, ecjin h 3a6o-

JieK), SBOHHTe MHO flOMOH. In

case I fall ill, ring me up at

home. IIh b kocm cjiyîae. Onno account.

CJiyÂflHIBlfl, -an. -oe, -Me; adv.

cjiyâHHo accidental

CJiyâHHaa oraH6Ka. A slip, a for-

tuitous mistake. CJiy^âiiHO Bcxpe-

THTbCii. To meet by accident.

CJiyHAlTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch imp.

c K e M?//). cJiyq|HTLCH, 1st & 2nd

pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,

-axcfl to happenHto cjiyqHJiocb? What's happened?

Go MHOH cjiyHHJiocb HecâcTbe. /

have had a misfortune.

CJiyHflTbCH see CJiyHATbCflCJiyiHAITb, -K), -enib, -k)t imp. ko-

to? ^TO?1. to listen. BEHMaTCJibHO cjiymaxb

MysHKy. To listen to music at-

tentively.

2. to attend. CJiymaxb jicki^hh

(Kypc JieKn;Hii). To attend lec-

tures (a course of lectures).

3.: H cjiymaio Hallo/ Yes

CJI^fflAITbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -iotch

imp. Koro? n e r 6? / /?. nocjiy-

ma|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, -iotch to

obey

Pe6eH0K He cjiymaexcH Maxepn.

The child won't obey his mother.

nocjiyraaficfl Menal Listen to me

Do as I tell you

CJIIiinilATb, -y, -Hmb, -ax imp. ko-to? q X 0? K 6 M? o q e m?/

p. ycjiMmlaxb, -y, -iimb, -ax'

1. to hear. Hjioxo cjibimaxb. To

hear badly. H cjiwmy xe6a. /

can hear you.

2. to hear. Mw cJiLimaJiii o6 axoH

HOBocxH. We heard about that

news. Mh cJibimaJiH, ^xo oh npn-

ACT 3aBxpa. We heard that he

would come tomorrow.

CJIb'IfflHO Koro? HTO? predic.impers. (it is) heard

Mne He cjitimno xeSn. / can't hear

you. Sêcb xopomo cJiHrnno. One

can hear well here.

CMEJIIblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short form

CMCJi, cMeJia, CMeJi|o, -bi; adv. CMe'jio

1. brave. Gmcjimh HeJiOBCK. A brave



CME 132 CHH

man. JêHCTBOsaTb CMeJio. To act

bravely.

2. jig. bold. CvieJioe pemeHHe. A

hold decision. GMeJiaH Hflea. Ahold idea.

CMGHA /.

1. succession. CMena ahh h hohh.

Succession of day and night.

2. fig. successors. JêxH — name

CMena. Children are our succes-

sors.

3. shift. y^HTbCH B nepByio cmc-

Hy. To go to school in the first

shift. PaSoiaTb b ^tHeBnyio CMe-

Hy. To work in the day shift.

«0> npHHTH Ha CMGHy KOMy-JIH5o.

To succeed (relieve) somebody.

CMEPTb /., pi. CMepxH, CMepieH,

CMepTHM, etc. death

<^ IlacTb cMepTbH) repofl. To die

the death of a hero. 3to Bonpoe

HCHSHH II cMepTH. This is a

question of life and death. Ha-

floecTb a6 cMopTH. To bore to

death.

CMEX m., no pi. laughter

TpoMKHH CMex. Loud laughter.

<> IIOAHflTb Ha CMBX K0r6-JIH50.

To make fun of somebody.

CMEinH|Ofl[, -an, -6e, -we, short form

CMemoH, CMemnla, -6, -u; adv.

CMeniHO

1. funny. CMemnoH paccKaa. A fun-

ny story.

2. ridiculous. On 6hji CMemon. Hewas ridiculous.

3. predic. impers. (it is) funny.

Mee CMeniHO. It makes me laugh.

CMEIIlTbCH, -K)Cb, -embCH, -iotch

imp. HaflKCM? naff hgm? to

laugh

Bee rpoMKO CMeaJincb. Everybody

laughed loudly. H cmchjich Ha;^ CJio-

BaMH 6paTa. / laughed at my broth-

er's words.

CMOTP^Tb, CMOxpio, CMOTpnnib, cm6t-

pHT imp. qxo? or na KoroPnaH T 6? BO H T 6? / /). nocMOTpeTb,

nOCMOTpK), nOCMOipHUIb, nOCM6TpHT1. to look. GMOTpexb na TOBapnma.

To look at a friend. GMOTp^Tb

B OKHO. To look out of the win-

dow.

2. to see. CMOxpeib $HJibM. To see

a film. GMOxpeTb cneKX^KJib. To

see a performance.

3. only imper. to look out. GMOxpn-(xe), He ono3aaH(xe)l Look out,

don't you be late

•0-

CMOTpexb CBbicoKa na Koro-jiA-6o. To look down on somebody.

CMOTpexb cKBOSb Hajibi^bi (na ht6-

jih6o). To close one's eyes (to some-

thing).

CMOHb see MO^bCMYTflTbCH see (MYU\kThCRCMymAlTbCH, -Focb, -embCH, -roxcH

imp. /p. CMylxjHXbCH, -mycb, -XHUib-

CH, -xflxcfl to be embarrassed

Oh B;;pyr oneHb CMyxHJicH, noKpac-

HeJi. He was suddenly quite embar-

rassed and flushed.

CMblCJI m., no pi. meaning, sense

noHHXb CMMCJi co5mxhh. To under-

stand^ the meaning of events. BnojiHOM CMucjie cjiosa. In the true

sense of the word. B np^MOM (ne-

peHOCHOM) CMMCJie. In the literal

(figurative) sense. B axoM Hex

CMHCJia. There's no sense in that.

Hex CMWcJia h^xh xy;â. There is no

sense in going there.

CHAHAJIA adv.

1. at first. GHaâJia h c xpyfl6M

noHHxMaJi pyccKyio penb. At first

I understood spoken Russian

with difficulty.

2. from the beginning. IToBxopHxe

CHaâJia. Repeat from the he-

ginning. Hnxanxe cnanaJia Read

from the beginning

CHEF m., prepos. o cnere & b, na

cnery snow

GHJibHHH CHer. Heavy snow. Kpy-roM Bce B cnery. All around is

covered with snow. Ha cnery 6ujni

BHAHM cjieflu 3BepeH. There were

tracks of animals on the snow. Hjsj&T

CHer. It is snowing. HaSt CHJibHHfi

CHer. It is snowing hard.

CHflSy adv. o X K y A a? from below

GMOxpexb CHHsy Bsepx. To look

upward.

CHHMA|Tb, -TO, -emb, -lox imp. ko-

r 6? H X 0?/p. CHHXb, CHHMy, CHH-Merab, cHHMyx, past chhji, -a,

CHHJllO, -H

1. to take (from). GfTflXb KHnry c

noJiKH. To take a book from the

shelf. GHHXb najibxo c BemaJiKH.

To take one's coat from the peg.

2. to take off. GnflXb manny.



CHO 133 COB

nepHaTKH, Cotkhkh. To take off

one's hat, gloves, boots.

3. to shoot. ChHTB KHHO$HJIbM. Toshoot a film.

CHObA adv. againCnoBa npHmJia 3HMa. Winter came

again.

CHHTb see CHHMATbCOBAKA / dog

COBHPA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-to? mo? / p. co6paTb, co6ep|y,

-emb, -yx, past coSpaJi, co6pajia,

co6paJiIo, -H

1. to collect. Co6paTb Bemn b ;i;o-

pory. To collect one's things for

a journey. Co6paTb jnoAeii. Toassemble people.

2. to gather. CoSpaxb ypojKaii. Togather in the crop.

3. imp. to collect, CoSnpaTb

KHHiH, MapKH. To Collect books,

stamps. GoSpaib KOJUieKUiiio,

6H6JiH0TeKy. To make a collec-

tion, a library.

4. to put together. CoCpaxb Moxop,

MamHHy. To put together an

engine, a machine.COBHPAlTtCH, -locb, -embCH. -ioxch

imp. I p. co6paxbCH, co6ep|ycb,

-erabcfl, -yxcH, past co6pIajica,

-ajiacb, -Jiocb, -jiHCb

1. to gather. yâcxHiiKH KOH$e-

peHn,HH co6paJiHCb b saJie. Those

taking part in the conference

gathered in the hall. CoSnpaiox-

CH xyHH. Clouds are gathering.

2. to decide, to intend. Mh co-

6pajiHCb noHXH na BbicxaBKy.

Wedecided to go to the exhibition.

COBPAHHE neut.

1. meeting. TopHtecxBennoe co6pa-

HHe. A ceremonial meeting. Ha-th Ha co6paHHe. To go to a

meeting. HpHcyxcxBOBaxb na

co6paHHH. To be present at a

meeting. CoSpaHne coctohxch bo

BxopHHK. The meeting takes

place on Tuesday.

2. collection. Go6paHHe coHHHeHHH.

A collection of works.

COBPATB see COBHPATBCOBPATBCH see COBMPATBCHCOBCTBEHHOCTB /., no pi. property

rocyAapcxBCHHafl codcxBeHHOcxb.

State property. Hacxnan coCcxBen-

Hocxb. Private property. JiHHHaH

coScxBCHHOCXb. Personal property.

G66cxBeHHOCXb Ha scmjik). Owner-

ship of land.

COBCTBEHHIblfl, -an, oe, -ho

1. own. C66cTBeHHHH AOM. One'sown house.

2. self-. HyBCXBO coScxBCHHoro ao-

cxoHHCXBa. Self-respect.

COBb'ITHE neut. event

HcxopHêcKoe coCmxhc. An histor-

ic event. MejKAynapoAHoe coShxhg.

An international event. B MHpe npo-

HCXOAHX BaJKHLie co6hthh. Impor-

tant events are taking place in the

world.

COBEPmAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.Hxo?//?. coBepmlHxb, -y, -nmb,

-ax to perform, to accomplish

GoBepmnxb noABnr. To accomplish

a feat. GoBepmnxb nyxemecxBHe.

To make a journey. CoBcpmnxb

noesAKy no cxpane. To tour a coun-

try. GoBepmnxb npecxynjieHHO.

To commit a crime.

COBEPmflTb see COBEPlHATbCOBECTb /., no pi. conscience

HHCxaH coBecxb. A clear conscience.^^ Ho coBecTu roBopfl. Honestly

(speaking).

COBET^ m. advice

Oxen; a^Ji coBex CHny. The father

gave his son a piece of advice. L(eH-

HLiH coBex. Valuable advice. Bjiaro-

Aapaxb 3a coBex. To thank for ad-

vice. OSpaxHXbCH aa coBexoM k cne-

n,HaJiHCxy. To turn to a specialist

for advice. En He HyjKHbi Bamn co-

Bexbil She doesn't need your advice/

C0BET2 m. council, Soviet

BepxoBHHU GoBex CGCP. The Su-

preme Soviet of the USSB. CoBex

MHHHCxpoB.T/ie Council of Ministers.

COBET|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT

imp. K M y? + i^f- I P- nocoBe-

x|0Baxb, -yio, -yemb.'-yiox to advise

GoBexyio BaM npo^Hxaxb axy khh-

ry. / advise you to read this book.

COBETIOBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembca,

-yioxcH imp. c KeM?/p. nocoBe-

xIoBaxbCF, -yiocb, -yembCH, -yioxcH

to ask advice

GOBeXOBaXbCH c pOAHTeJIHMH. To

ask advice from one's parents.

COBETCKIHtt, -an, -oe, -ne

1. Soviet. GoBexcKaa BJiacxb. Soviet

power. CoBexcKoe npaBHxeJibCXBO.



COB 134 C03

The Soviet Government. Co-

BexcKHH CoK)3. The Soviet

Union.

2. Soviet. GoBexcKHe aaBOflU. Soviet

plants. GoBexcKHe cneii;HaJiHC-

Tti. Soviet specialists. GoBex-

CKafl HayKB. Soviet science.

COBEIIÂHHE neut. conference

GoBemaene rjiaB npaBHxejiBcxB. Aconference of the heads of States.

yâcxBOBaxb b coBemaeHH. To take

part in a conference. IIpHcyxcxBO-

BaxB ua coBentaHHH. To be present

at a conference.

COBPATb see BPATb

COBPEMEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He mod-ern

CoBpeMeHHoe ncKyccxBO. Modern

art. GoBpeMeHHaa xexHHKa. Mod-

ern technology. GoBpeMeHHEin npo-

MwmjiGHHHH ropoA- A modern in-

dustrial city.

COBCEM adv.

1. quite. Oh cobcgm MaJieHLKHH. Heis quite small.

2. in negative constructions not at all.

Th cobcgm He yMeenib njiasaxb.You cannot swim at all.

C0BX03 m. state farm

HepeAOBOH coBxoa. A foremost state-

farm. /^HpeKxop coBxoaa. The

director of a state farm.

COrJiACEH, corjiacH|a, -o, -h short

adj.

1. na ^x6? ready, fl corjiacen

exaxb BMecxe. / am ready to go

with you. Oh corJiacen na Bce.

He is ready for anything.2. c K e M? c H e M? agreeable, fl

corJiacen c BaMH. / agree with

you. Mh He corjiacHu c xbohm

MHOHHeM. We don't agree with

your opinion. H corjiacna. /

agree.

COrjIACflTbCH see COrJIAfflAXbC/I

COrJlAinA|TbCfl, -locb, -embcfl, -roxcH

imp. c KeM? c hom? &-}- inf./

p. corJialCHXbCfl, -raycb, -cnmbCH,

-CflXCfl

1. to agree. Oh corJiaciiJiCH bu-

noJiHHXb 3xy pa66xy. He agreed

to do that work.

2. to agree. GorJiacHXbCH c xoBa-

pnmeM. To agree with a friend.

GorjiacHXbCH c upejiJiomeBUQM.

To agree to a proposal, fl

corjiacHjicfl c xeM, hxo oh cKasaJi

MHe. / agreed with what he told

me.

COrJIAIIIEHHE neut. agreement

ToproBoe corJiameHHe. A trade

agreement. 3aKJiK)qHXb corjiaraeHHe

c ApyrHMH cxpanaMH. To conclude

an agreement with other countries.

«^ IIpQUTH K corjiameHHio. Tocome to an agreement.

COrPETb see TPETbCO/HEPHCAHHE neut., no pi. contents

PaccKaaaxb coAep?KaHHe KHnrn. Totell the contents of a book.

COEAHHaXb see COEAHHflTb

COEJ^HHfi[TbCfl see COEAHHUTbCHCOEAHHUlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo? c TCM?//?. coeAHH|iixb, -i6,

-limfe -fix

1. to connect, to link. Goe;^HHHXb

ABa ropoâ HteJieanoH floporoH.

To connect two cities by a rail-

way.

2. to combine. Goe^HHtixb xeopHio

c npaKXHKOH. To combine theo-

ry with practice.

COEAHHIIlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers.not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -loxcfl

imp. Ip. coeAHH|iixbCH, 1st & 2nd

pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch,

-HXCH to join together, to unite

ApMHH coeAHHHJiHCb Ha paccsexB.

The armies joined together at dawn.

HpoJiexapHH Bcex cxpan, cogah-

HHHxecb Workers of the world,

unite

C03Ji;A|BATb, -K), -emb, -rox imp.

n X o?/p. coaâxb, cosAaM, cosAamb,C03Aacx, C03AaAHM, co3AaAHTe, co-

3AaAyT, past coaAaJi, co3AaJia, c6-

8AaJi|o, -n to create

Co3Aaxb HOByio xeopHFO. To create

a new theory. Co3Aaxb xoporane

ycJiOBHH jj,Jifi pa66xH[. To provide

good conditions for work.

C03/ÂIBATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -loxcfl imp. /

p. co3AaxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. C03AacxcH, co3Aa-

Ayxcfl to be created

Go3Aai6xcH HOBbie njiaHH. Newplans are created. Go3AaJi6cb cepbea-

Hoe noJiOHtCHHe. A serious situa-

tion has been created.

C03JÂTb see C03AABATbCOSÂTbCH see C03ÂBATbCH



€03 135 COP

C03HAHHE neut.

1. consciousness. noTepaxb coana-

HHe. To lose consciousness. Bhtl6e3 cosnaHHH. To be unconscious.

2. philos. consciousness. BhthconpeAeJiaex cosHaHne. Being

determines consciousness.

3. understanding, sense. GosHaHHe

AOJira. Sense of duty.

C03HATEJIbH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He;

adv. cosHaxejibHo

1. conscientious. CosHaiejibHoe ot-

HonieHHe k paSoxe. A conscientious

attitude to one's work. Goana-

xejibHHH qejiOBeK. A conscien-

tious person.

2. deliberate. Oh CAeJiaji axo co-

3HaxejibHo. He did it deliberate-

ly-

COflTia see CXOJSj/lTh^

COflxnCb see CXOJSfiJhCHCOJIJÂT m., gen. pi. cojiAax soldier

CMeJiHH cojiflax. A courageous sol-

dier. OxpH;^ cojTAax. A detachment

of soldiers.

COJlEHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He

1. salt. CojieuHH cyn. Salt soup.

2. salted. Cojienbie orypuH. Salted

cucumbers.

COJinaAPHOCTb /., only sing, soli-

darity

CojiHflapHOCXb xpyAflni;HXCH Bcex

cxpau. Solidarity of the workers of

the world.

COJIHEHHlMfl, -an, oe, -ne

1. sun, solar. CoJiHe^HHH CBex.

Sunlight. ConneHHaH cncxeMa.

The solar system. GoJineqHoe

aaxMenne. An eclipse of the sun.

2. sunny. CoJiHennHH A^Hb. A sun-

ny day.

COJlHUjE [coHê] neut.

1. Sun. Ox BcMJiH jio CojiHua

CXO HHXbAeCHX MHJIJIHOHOB KHJIO-

MexpoB. It's 150 million kilome-

tres from the Earth to the Sun.

2. sun. GojiHue CBexnx apKO. The

sun is shining brightly.

3. sun. JleJKaxb na cojiHue. To lie

in the sun.COJIB /.

1. only sing. salt. Xjie5 c coJibio.

Bread and salt.

2. salt. GoJiH KaJibUHH. Calcium

salts.

^ Xjie6-C0Jib. Bread and sa\t

(symbol of hosj)itality). Bcxpe-

qaxfa xjieSoM-cojibH). To welcome

somebody with bread and salt.

B HeM 3Aecb cojib? What's the

point?COMHEBA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, -roxcH

imp. B K M? B H e M? to doubt

GoMHeBaxbCH b ycnexe. To doubt

one's success. He coMHCBaxbCH b

fl;pyre. Not to doubt one's friend.

Mh He coMHeBaeMCH, hxo bh bhhoji-

HHxe 3xy 3a;âqy. We have no doubt

that you will carry out this task.

COH m., gen. cna

1. only sing, sleep. Oh cnnx Kpen-

khm chom. He is fast asleep. OhyjiH5aJiCH bo one. He smiled in

his sleep.

2. dream. H BHfl;eji bo one cBoero

xoBapH^â. / dreamt of myfriend. Euy cnnjiHCb xopomHechh. He had pleasant dreams.

COOBmAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

H X 0? K O M y? O K 6 M? O

êM?//>. coo6ni;|HXb, -y, -limb, -ax

to report

G006ffliHXb HOBOCXH ;^py3bHM. To

tell the news to one's friends. Tase-

XH coo6n;aK)x o6 ycnemnoM bhhoji-

HeuHH njiana. The newspapers re-

port the successful fulfilment of the

plan. Ho paAHO coo6m,iijiH, hxo

HainH cnopxcMCHH Bbicxynnjin yc-

nemno. The radio reported that our

sportsmen had achieved good suc-

COOBmEHHE neut.

1. announcement, communication

BaJKHoe cooSmenne. An impor-tant announcement (communica-

tion). êJiaxb cooCmenne. To

make an announcement.

2. communication. ITyxn coo6nê-

HHH. Ways of communication.

IIpHMoe coo6n;eHHe. A through

service.

COOBmflTb see COOBmAXbCOnPOTHBJIEHHE neut., no pi. resist-

ance

0Ka3axb conpoxEBjienne npoxHB-HHKy. To offer resistance to the

enemy.

COPEBHOBAHHE neut., no pi.

1. emulation.

2. competition. GnopxHBHHe copeB-

HOBaHHH. Sports competition.



COP 136 coq

CopeBHOBaHHH no jiHH«aM. Skiing

competition. VHacTBOBaTL b co-

peBHOBaHHHX. To take part in a

competition.

COPEBHIOBATBCH, -yrocB, -yemb-Cfl, -yiOTCH imp. c k e m? c q e m?

to emulate, to compete

Ham saBofl copeBHyeicH c coce^-

HHM npe^npHHTHeM. Our plant com-

petes with a nearby enterprise.

COCE/^ m., pi. -H, -en neighbour

J^pyH{HHe coceAH. Friendly neigh-

bours.

COCEJ^HIHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne neigh-

bouring, adjoining

CoceAHHH KOMHaxa. An adjoiningroom. CoceflHHe jêpeBHH. Neigh-

bouring villages.

COCHA /., pi. cocHW, cocen pine-tree

BwcoKaH cocea. A tall pine-tree.

<> 3a6jiyAHTbCH b xpex cocHax

(proverb). Cf. To lose one's way in

broad daylight.

COCTAB m. composition

CocxaB KOMaH;;u. The composition

of a team.

<> JêJierai^HH b cocTaae dhthqejiOBCK. A five-member delegation.

COCTABHTb see COCTABJiHTbCOCTABJlUlTb, -K), -emt, -k)t imp.

VlT 07 / p. COCTalBHTb, -BJIH), -BHmb,

-BHT

1. to make (up). CocxaBHTb enncoK

yqaCTHHKOB. To make a list of

participants. CocTaBHTb Kaxajior

KHHr. To make a book cata-

logue.

2. to form. CocxaBHXb onpeêJieH-

Hoe MHCHHe. To form a definite

opinion.

<> CocxaBHTb KOMnaHHIO KOMy-Jlfl-

6o (colloq.). To keep somebody com-

pany

COCTOHHHE neut., no pi.

1. condition. SKonoMimecKoe cocxo-

HHHe cxpanu. The economic

situation in a country. BojibHOH

B XHJKCJiOM cocxOHHHH. The pa-

tient is in a critical condition.

GocxoflHHe êji. The state of af-

fairs.

2. fortune. Kpynnoe cocxoAHHe,

A large fortune.

^ H He B cocTOHHHH npoôjiHcaTb

pasroBop. / am unable to con-

tinue our conversation.

COCTOlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. -hx, -ax imp.

1. H 3 K o r 6? H 3 H e r 6? to con-

sist. OpneCTp COCXOHX H3 H3-

BecxHHX MysHKanxoB. The or-

chestra consists of well-known

musicians.

2. B HCM? to consist in. SaAaqaCOCXOHX B XOM, hx66h 6wcxpoOBJiaêxb nepeôBUMH MexoâMH.

The task is to quickly master

progressive methods.

COCTOlHTbCa, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -hxch p. to

take place

CoSpaHHe cocxoHJiocb b sajie. Themeeting took place in the hall. JleK-

n,Hfl He COCXOHXCH H3-3a 6oJie3HH

JieKxopa. The lecture will not take

plac^ owing to the lecturer's illness.

COCymECTBOBAHHE neut., no pi.

co-existence

MiipHoe cocy^êcxBOBaHHe. Peace-

ful co-existence.

COCHHTATb see C^HXATb, 1

C0T|HH /., gen. pi. -en hundred

CoxHH JiiOACH npnmJiH na njio-

n5aAb. Hundreds of people came to

the square. Tpn coxhh py6;ieH.

Three hundred roubles.

COXPAHflTbCH see COXPAHHTbCHCOXPAHHlTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -exCH, -ioxch imp.f

p. coxpanlnxbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -hxch

1. to be preserved. Cxapan Kapxii-

Ha xopomo coxpannjiacb. The

old picture was well preserved.

H6jiokh xopomo coxpannjiHCb b

HffliHKe. The apples had kept

well in the box.

2. to survive. HeKOxopwe cxapwe

o6HqaH coxpaniijiHCb ô nanrax

AHCH. Some old customs have

survived up to our time.

C0l|HAJlfl3M m., no pi. socialism

CO^HAJlHCTfiHECK|Hfl, -an,] -oe,

-He

1. socialist. CoiinajiHCXHêcKaH pe-

BOJiK>n;HH. The socialist revolu-

tion. Coi^HajiHCXHHecKHe cxpaHH.

The socialist countries.

2. socialist. ConinajiHcxHiecKoe ox-

HomeHHe k xpy^y. A socialist at-

titude to work.



COI^ 137 cno

COIi;HAJIBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -He

1. social. Coi^HajibHoe nojioweHHe.

Social status.

2. social. Coi^HaJiBHan peB0Jii6i;HH.

A social revolution. CoanaJitHHe

ped[)6pMH. Social reforms.

COHHHEHHE neut.

1. work. EoJiHoe coSpanne co^h-

HGHHH A. G. EyniKHHa. The

complete works of A. S. Pushkin.

2. composition. CoHnneHHe o TBop-

HecTse IlymKHHa. A composi-

tion on Pushkin's works. HanH-

caTfc co^HHeHHG Ha AaHHyio

TBMy. To write a composition

on a given subject.

COI03 m.

1. union. Coiob paConnx h Kpec-

TbHH. The union of workers and

peasants.

2. alliance. BoennHH coioa. A mili-

tary alliance.

3. union. G0163 CoBexcKHX CoijHa-

JiHCTHHecKHX Pecny6jiHK. TheUnion of Soviet Socialist Re-

publics.

4. union. IIpoêccHOHajiBHHH cok)3.

A trade union.

CnAjIjbHH /., gen. pi. -en bedroomCnACA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-

to? HTO? OT Koro? OT Hcro?or KOMy? HTO?/jD. cnaclTH, -y,

-emb, -yx, past cnac, -Jia, -J16, -jih

to save

Bpaq cnac JKHSHb SojibHOMy. Thedoctor saved the patient's life.

CnACAlTbCH, -locb, -embCH, -iotch

imp. OT Koro? or Her 6?/p.

cnac|THCb, -ycb, -embca, -yxcH,past cnac|cH, -Jiacb, -jiocb, -jincb

to save oneself, to escape

JlexqHK e^Ba cnaccH ot CMepxH.

The flyer barely escaped death.

JKniejiH cnacajiHCb ot sparoB b Jie-

cy. The inhabitants fled from the

enemy to the forest.

CHACflBO thank youCoacnSo 3a nncbMO. Thank you for

the letter. CnacH6o 3a coseT. Thank

you for your advice. BoJibmoe cna-ch6oI Thank you very much indeed

CHACTfl see CHACAXbCHACTfiCb see CHACATbCHCIIATb, cnJiK), cnnmb, cuht, past

cnaji, -a, cnan|o, -h imp. to sleep

CnaTb BCK) HO^b. To sleep the whole

night. KpeuKO cnaTb. To sleep

soundly.

<> Oh cnaji, KaK y5HTbiH. He slept

like a log.

CHEKTAKJIb m. showHnxepecHWH cneKTaKJib. An inter-

estXng show. TejieBHSHOHHHH cneK-

TaKJib. A television show. CneK-TaKJib BoJibmoro TeaTpa. A Bolshoi

Theatre show. ITpHcyTCTBOBaTb nacneKTaKJie. To be present at a show.

CHETb see HETbCnEIi;HAJIbHOCTb /. profession,

speciality

HyjKHaa cnennaJibHOCTb. A neces-

sary profession. PejiKaa cnennajib-

HOCTb. A rare profession. On no-

cnemnajibHOCTH unyKenep. He is anengineer by profession.

CHEUiHAjIbHiblfl, -an, -oe,-ue;adv.

cnennaJibHO

1. special. CnennaJibHaH oji,emjia.

Special clothes.

2. professional. CnennaJibnoe 06-

pa30BaHHe. Professional training.

3. special. Oh c;i;ejiaJi aio cue-

i;HaJibHO AJiH MeHH. He did that

specially for me.

CIIEiniflTb, -y, -Hmb, -aT imp. k y a a>

& + inf.

1. to hurry. CnemHTb jÔMon. To-

hurry home. On cnemiiJi nanii-

caTb poAHTejiflM cBOHx BnenaT-

JieHHHx. He was in a hurry to-

write to his parents about his

impressions.

2. to gain, to be fast, âcbi cne-

maT na 5 Mnnyx. The clock is^

5 minutes fast.

CIIHHA /., ace. cmrny; pi. cnMHM back

JlejKaTb na cnnne. To lie on one's^

back. Oh ctohji cnnnoH k HaM. Hestood with his back to us. y;].ap bcnnny. A stab in the back.

CnflClOK m., gen. -Ka list

Chhcok yêHUKOB. A list of the

pupils. GocTaBHTb CHHCOK. To makea list.

CnflqiKA f., gen. pi. -en match

SaJKGHb cHH^Ky. To light a match.Kop66Ka CHHHeK. A box of mat-

Cn0K(3flH|bin, -aH, -oe, -He, short

form CHOKoen, cnoKOHHla, -o, -h;

adv. CHOKOHHO

1. quiet. CnoKOHHafl peKa. A quiet



cno 138 CPA

river. GTOflXb chokohho. Tostand quietly. Ghahtg cookohho

Sit still/

2. serene, tranquil. CnoKOHnaH

yjinSKa. A serene smile. Gno-KOHHafl 5KH3HI.. A quiet life.

CnoKOHHHH HeJiOBeK. A calm

person. GnoKOHHHH xapaKiep.

An even temper.

<> CnoKOUHOii Hoqa Good night/

CnOP|HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HT imp. o

KOM? O HGM? C KeU? / p. UO-

CnOplHTb, -K), -HinB, -HT to afguc

GnopHTb c TOBapnnêM o KHitre. Tohave an argument with a friend

about a book.CnOPT m., no pi. sport

JIhjkhuh cnopx. Skiing. Bmjxa.

cnopTa. Kinds of sport. SannMaxb-

CH cnopxoM. To go in for sport.

CnOPTflBHILlH, -an, -oe, -He sports

CnopxHBHaH njioma^Ka. A sports

ground. GnopxHBHbiH kocxiom. Asports costume. GnopxHBHbie copeB-

HOBaHHH. Sports competitions.

CnOCOB m. way, method

Gn6co6 npnroxoBJieHHH jieKapcxBa.The method of making up a medicine.

HaHj^Hxe KaK6u-HJi6yjih cnocoS

BcxpexHXbCH c HHM. Find a way

of meeting him.

CnOCOBHOCTb /. K êMy?1. ability. IlocJie panenHH oh no-

xepHJi cnocoSnocxb jjEPiraxbCH.

After being wounded he lost t/ie

ability to move.

2. usu. pi. aptitude. Y nero 6oJib-

miie chocoShocxh k MaxeMaxHKe.He has a great aptitude for

mathematics

.

CnOCOBHILIfl, -an, -oe, -He capable

CoocoShhh lOHOina. A capable

youth.

CnPABA adv. {cf. HAHPABO, 2) on(to) the right

MoH cxyji cxoHx cnpaBa. My chair

is on the right. CnpaBa ox jioua.

HaxoAHXCH KHHOxeaxp. To the right

of the house is a cinema.

CnPABEAJIfiBlLlfl, -an, -oe, He,

short form cnpaBejjJiHB, -a, -o, -h;

adv. cnpaBe;^jiHBO just

GnpaBe/lJiHBHH nejiOBeK. A just

person. CnpaBe^JinBoe pemenHe. Ajust decision. Ilocxynaxb cnpaBe;^-

JiHBO. To act justly.

CnPAfflHBAITb, -K), -emb, -k)t imp.

Koro? KOM? He m?/

p. cnpocHXb, cnpomy, cnpocnmb,cnpocHX to ask

y^Hxejib cnpocHJi yqennKa. Theteacher asked a pupil, CnpamnBaxbo sôpoBbe. To ask after somebody's

health.

CnPOCflTb see CnPAmHBATbCnPHTATb see HPHTATbCnPHTATbCH see HPHTATbCHCnyCKA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH, -k)xch

im,p. Kyâ? oxKyâ?/ p. cnyc-

xHTbCH, cnymycb, cnycxHmbcn,cnycxHxcH to descend

CnycxHXbCH c ropn. To descend

from the mountain. CnycxHXbCH no

jiecxHHue c xpexbero axaJKa na nep-

BHH. To go downstairs from the

secoftd floor to the ground floor.

GnycKaxbCH na JiH(|)xe. To go downin the lift.

CnyCTflTbCil see CnYCKATbCHCnyXHHK m.

1. companion, fellow-traveller. MohcnyxHHK 6hji BpanoM. My com-

panion was a doctor.

2. satellite. Jlyna — cnyxnnK 3eM-

JiH. The Moon is the Earth's sat-

ellite. HcKyccxBeHHHH cnyxHHK.

An artificial satellite. Sanycxnxb

cnyxHHK. To launch a satellite.

Ehbccxh cnyxHHK na opGnxy.

To put a satellite in orbit. Ha-

6Jii0AeHHe 3a cnyxHHKOM. Track-

ing a satellite.

CPABHEHHE neut.

1. comparing. CpaBHenne flByx

HBJieHHH, flByx JiK);teH. Compar-

ing two phenomena y two people.

2. simile. Jlnxepaxypnoe cpaBne-

nne. A simile.

<> Ho cpaBHeHHio... c KeM? c

HeM? Compared with.,. Ho cpas-

HeHOIO C TCM, qTO fl BHêJI

paHbme, ropoj]^ oqeeb naMeHHJiCH.

Compared with what I saw before,

the city has changed a lot.

CPABHHBA|Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp.

Koro? qTO?cKeM?CHeM?/p. CpaBH|HXb, -K), -Hmb, -HT

1. to compare. CpaBHHXb itn^pH.

To compare figures. CpaBHHXb

flBa HBJieHHH. To compare two

phenomena

.



CPA 139 CTA

2. to compare. CpasHHTb noBepx-

HOCTb BOJXU C aepKBJIOM. To

compare the surface of the water

to a mirror.CPABHflTb see CPABHHBATbCPAsy adv. immediately

Oh cpaay noHHJi. He understood

immediately. Mh ymjiH cpasy no-

cjie o6ejs,8L. We left immediately af-

ter dinner.

CPEjÂ^M pl- cpe^Bi, cpen, cpe;taM, etc.

1. medium. BosAymnaH cpeâ. Air

medium.

2. only sing, surroundings. OKpy-

JKaK)IâflcpeJâ. Surroundings. OhBocHHTLiBaJicH B paSoHeH cpe;te.

He was brought up in work-

ing-class surroundings.

CPEAA2 /., ace. cpefly; pl. cpeflH,

cpeA, cpeâM, etc. Wednesday

Cer6;^HH cpeâ. Today is Wednes-

day. JleKDiHH HHTaiOTCfl HO cpeAaM.

Lectures are delivered on Wednes-

days. B cpe^y npHJieTHT nama

cnopxHBHafl flejierauHH. Our sports

delegation arrives on Wednesday.

CFE^Vi. prep. -\- gen.

1. in the middle of. ôm ctohji

cpefl;H Jieca. The house was in

the middle of the forest. Cpeji;H

HOHH paBâjiCfl 3boh6k. A bell

rang in the middle of the night.

2. among. CpeAH CTy/neHiOB 6hji

MOH flpyr. Among the students

was my friend. PaSoxa cpe^H

MOJioêjKH. Work among youth.

CP£AH|Hfl, -Hfl, -ee, -ho

1. middle. Gpej^nee okho. The mid-dle window.

2. medium. êJioseK cpeAuero poc-

xa. A person of medium height.

3. fig. average. Cpe/^nne cnoc66-

HOCXH. Average abilities.

<> CpeAHHH mKOJia.^ Secondary

school. nojiy^HTb cpe^Hee o5pa-

soBaHHe. To get secondary edu-

>cation. Gpe^Hne BSKa. The Mid-

dle Ages.

CPEACTBO neut.1. means. GpeflcxBa nponsBOACXBa.

The means of production. Gpejt-

cTBa nepeji;BHjKeHHfl. Means of

transportation.

2. method; remedy. HoBHe cpe^-

cxBa jieêHHH Sojicshh. Newmethods of treating a disease.

3x0 e;^HHCXBeHHoe cpe;^cxBol This

is the only remedy

CPOK m. time

Gêjiaxb pa66xy b cpOK. To do thework in time. Bee cpoKH npomjin.

All time limits have passed.

CPOHHIblH, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. cpoq-

HO urgent

GpoHHoe coo6n];eHHe. An urgent

communication. Yexaxb no cpoHHO-

My AGJiy- To go away on urgent

business. GpoHHO yexaxb. To leave

at once. Gpo^Haa xejierpaMMa. Anurgent telegram.

CCOPIHTbCH, -locb, -nmbCH, -hxch

imp. C KBM? / p. noccoplHXbCH,

-locb, -nmbcfl, -HXCH to quarrel

He HaAO ccdpnxbCH. You shouldn't

quarrel. IIoccopHXbCH c xoBapnmeM.To quarrel with a friend.

CTA|BHTb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -bhx imp.

Koro? Hxo? Kyjia? /p. nocxal-

BHXb, -BJIK), -BHmb, -BHX

1. to put. GxaBHXb cxaKan na cxoji.

To put a glass on the table. Ho-

cxaBHXb uBexu b BOjiy. To put

flowers in water. IIocxaBHXb khh-

rn Ha Mecxo. To put the books

in their place.

2. to give. GxaBHXb oxMexny. Togive a mark.

3. to make. GxaBHxb ohmxh. Tomake experiments.

4. to set. IIocxaBHXb saAany nepej^

KOJiJiCKXHBOM. To set a task be-

fore a collective.

5. to stage. GxaBHXb nbecy. To

stage a play.<^ IIocTaBHTb peKopA- To set upa record. CxaBHTb p,MarH03. Todiagnose. CxaBHTb ycjiOBiia ko-

My-JiH6o. To lay down terms to

somebody. IIocTaBHTb Kor6-JiH5o

B TpyflHoe nojiOH«eHiie. To place

somebody in an embarrassing situ-

ation.

CTAJJHOH m. stadium

HoBHH cxa^HOH. A new stadium,

GopeBHOBaHHH cocxoaxcH Ha cxa-AHOHe. The competition will take

place at the stadium.

CTAKAH m. glass

HncxbiH cxaKaH. A clean glass. Gxa-

Kan MOJiOKa. A glass of milk.

CTAJib /. steel

Rom H3 cxaJiH. A knife made of



CTA 140 CTH

steel. BapHTb ciaJib. To found

steel.

CTAJlbHlOfl, -an, -6e, -ue

1. steel. CTaJibHOH nom. A steel

knife.

2. steel(y). CiaJifcHOH i;BeT. Steel

colour.

3. fig-: CTajiBHan bojih. Cf. An iron

will.

CTAHOBflTbCfl, cxaHOBJiiocb, ciaHo-

BHnibCH, CXaHOBHTCfl imp. KCM?K a K li M? / p. cxalTb, -ny, -nemb,

-Hyx

1. to stand. Cxaxb y ABepen, cxaxb

K ;;BepflM, cxaxb k cxanKy. To

stand at the entrance, to take upa position near the door, to take

one's place at the lathe.

2. only p. to stop. Hacw cxaJiH. The

clock has stopped.

3. to become. Oh cxaji HnmenepoM.

He became an engineer. Ilorona

craHOBHjiacb xojioahoh . The

weather was getting cold. CxaJio

xeMHO. It became dark.

4. only p. 4- inf. to start. Mh cxa-

JiH nexb.

Westarted singing.

5. only p. to become (of). Hxo c hhmcxaJio noxoM? What became of

him afterwards?

<> Bo qxo 6bi TO HH cxajio. Byall means.

CTAH|OK m., gen. -Ka machine-tool,

lathe

ToKapHHH cxanoK. A lathe. Pa66-

xaxb Ha HOBOM cxaHKe. To work at

a new machine-tool.

CTAHI^Hfl /.

1. station. Cxani^Hfl Mexpo. Anunderground station. >KAciTb na

cxaHHHH. To wait at a station.

2. exchange. TejieôHuafl cxanr^HH

A telephone exchange.

CTAPAjTbCH, -K)cb, -embCfl, -ioxch

imp. -{-inf./p. nocxapa|xbCH, -locb,

-embCH, -IOXCH

1. to try. y Hero ne Bcerâ Bce

xopomo noJiyâexcH, xoxh oh

OHCHb exapaexcH. He doesn't

always succeed in everything,

though he tries hard.

2. to try. Oh cxapaJicn bheojihexb

pa66xy b cpoK. He tried to do

the work in time.

CTAPflK m., gen. -a old manCTAPOCTb /., no pi. old age

FJiyGoKaH cxapocxb. Extreme oldage. B cxapocxH. In one's old age.

B cxapocxH OH cxaji hjioxo cjih-

maxb. -4s he grew old, his hearing

became poor.

CTAPyXA /. old womanCTAPffllHfl, -an, -ee, -ne

1. elder, eldest. Moh cxapman ce-

cxpa — BpaH. My elder (eldest)

sister is a doctor. Y hhx xpacwna. CxapmHH paSoxaex na aa-

Boê, cpeflHHH yqnxcH b mKO-Jie, a MJiaAHiHH xo^hx b jibt-

CKHH caA. They have three sons.

The eldest works at a plant, the

middle one goes to school and theyoungest goes to the kindergarten,

2. senior. Cxapmufi HayHHwii co-

xpyflHHK. A senior research asso-

4tiate.

CTAPjblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short formcxap, cxapa, cxapjo, -li

1. old. CxapuH tiejioBCK. An old

person. Osa oqenb cxapa. Sheis very old. Cxapoe êpeBO. Anold tree.

2. old.

Cxapoenajibxo.

An oldovercoat

.

3. old. CxapuH jipyr. ylw oZd friend.

4. old. CxapuH oSwHaH. An old

custom

.

CTATb see CTAHOBflTbCflCTAT|b}l /., gen. pi. -en article

FaaexHaH cxaxbrf. A newspaper ar-

ticle. HanHcaxb cxaxbio. To write

an article.

CTEKJIO neut., pi. cxeKJia, cxeKOJi.

cxeKJiaM, etc.

1. glass. npoapa^Hoe ctckjio. Trans-

parent glass.

2. pane. Pa36Hxb cxckjio b okhb.

To break a window-pane.

CTEKJiHHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we glass

CxeKJiHHHaH flBepb. A glass door.

CTEHA /., ace. cxeHy, pi. cxenu^

cxcH, cxenaM, etc. wall

CTEPETb see CTHPAXbiCTHPA|Tbi, -K). -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo? H e M? / j5). cxepexb, coxp|y^

-erab, -yx, past cxep, -Jia, -Jio, -jih

to wipe off, to rub off, to erase

CxHpaxb xprinKOH c flocKi'r. Toclean the blackboard with a duster.

Cxepexb nujib co cxojia. To dust

the table. Cxepexb HanifcaHHoe. Toerase what has been written.



CTH 141 CTP

<> CxepeTb c aaqa aeMjiH ito-jih-

60. To raze something to the

ground

.

CTHPAlTb'', -K), -emb, -iot, imp.HTO? n&VL>lp. BMCTHpa|Tb, -K),

-emb, -K)T to wash

BHCTHpaTb 6ejibe. To wash the lin-

en. PyKaMH cTHpaxb xpyjiHO. IV

difficult to do the washing by hand.

CTHXfl pi. poetry

Gthxh nyniKHHa. Pushkin's poetry.

C56pHHK CTHXOB. A Collection of

poetry. YnHTb cthxh HanaycTb. To

learn poetry by heart.

CTHXOTBOPEHHE neut. poemCTHXOTBOpeHHe MaHKOBCKOrO. Apoem by Mayakovsky. JlnpHHecKoe

CTHXOTBOpeHHe. A lyrical poem.

CTOlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,

3rd pers. -ht, -ht imp.

1. to cost. Kmira ctoht 5 pyGjiefl.

The book costs 5 roubles. BnjieT

ctoht jjp'poTO. The ticket is ex-

pensive.

2. impers. is worth. He ctoht mchh

6jiaroAapHTb.

There's nothing tothank me for. 3to ctoht hocmo-

TpeTb It is worth seeing

«0» Hrpa He ctoht cBei (proverb).

The game is not worth the

candle.

CTOJI m., gen. -a table

GecTb 3a CTOJI. To sit down to

table. GH;êTb 3a ctojiom. To sit at

the table. BcraTb H3-3a CTOJia. To

rise from the table. niiCbMeHHbiH

CTOJI. A desk.CTOJItmA /. capital (city)

JI^peBHHH cTOJiHD;a. The ancient cap-

ital. riapHJK — CTOjiHHa (DpaHn,HH.

Paris is the capital of France.

CTOJIOBIAfl /., gen. -oh

1. dining-room. Sêcb y nac cto-

jiOBafl, a HanpaBO — ^Bepb b

KyxHH). This is our dining-room

and on the right is the door to

the kitchen.

2. dining-hall, canteen. CTyAenqec-Kan CTOJiOBan. A students' canteen.

CTOJILKO adv.

1. SO many, so much. CKOJibKO

jiiOAeH, cTOJibKO xapaKTepoB. Gf.

So many people, so many minds.

2. such a lot. Oh ctojibko c/êjiajil

He's done such a lot

CTOPOHA /., ace. CTopony; pi. cto-

poHH, CTopoH, cTopoHaM, etc . side

HpaBafl CTopoHa. The right-hand

side.

GJieBOH

CTOpoHM. Fromthe

left-hand side. Ha fl;pyr6H CTopoHe

yjiHUiH. On the opposite side of the

street. Go Bcex cTOpOH. On all sides.

CTO|HTb, -16, -limb, -HT imp. r J^ e?

1. to stand. HejioBeK ctoht y ok-

Ha. The man is standing at the

window.

2. to stand, to be (situated). Gtoji

CTOHT B KOMHare. The table stands

in the room. Jôm ctohji Ha 6e-

pery peKH. The house stood on

the riverbank. HapHJK ctoht na

Gene. Paris is situated on the

Seine.

3. to be. Gtoht xopoman noroâ.

The weather is fine.

4. to face. Eepe;]; HaMH ctoht Ba>K-

Hbie npoSJieMW. Important prob-

lems face us.

5. to stand (still). HacH ctoht. The

watch has stopped. Hoes^ ctoht.

The train is standing still.

<> CTOflTb BO rjiase qero-JiHSo. Tobe at the head of something.

CTOHTb y BJiacTH. To be in power.

CTPAHA /., pi. CTpaHH

1. land. Mofl po/tnaH cTpana. Mynative land. K>muhie CTpaHH.

Southern lands.

2. country. CTpanti JlaTimcKOH

AMepHKH. The countries of Lat-

in America.

<> CxpaHbi CBeTa. The cardinal

points.

CTPAHfllÂ /. page

B KHHie 100 CTpaHiin;. There are

100 pages in the book.

<> Ha cTpaHiin,ax HjypnaJia. In the

columns of the magazine.

CTPAHHlblfl, -aH, -oe, -ue; adv.

CTpaHHO strange

GTpaHHaa ^nrypa. A strange figure.

GTpaHHHH B3rJiflA- ^ strange

look. 3to OHeub cTpanno. It is

very strange.CTPAX m. fear

J\ômdiTh OT CTpaxa. To quake with

fear.

CTPAmHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.

CTpamHO

1. terrible. GTparanafl HCTopHH. Aterrible story.



CTP 142 cyM

2. colloq. awful. CTpamnafl 6oJib.

An awful pain. 3x0 cxpamnoHHxepecHOl JVs awfully inter-

esting

3. adv.^ predic. impers. (to be) af-

raid. Mne cxpaiiiHO. / am afraid.

CTPEJlHlTb, -K), -emb, -k)x imp. b

K r 6? BO H X 6? to shoot

Cxpejiflxb B êJlb. To shoot at a

target .

CTPEIMflTbCfl, -MJiiocb, -MHmbcH,

-MHXCH imp. K KOMy? KHGMy?&

-f-i/?/. to strive

CxpeMHXbCH K uejiii, k CBo66ê.

To strive to achieve one's goal, to

strive for freedom. CTpeMHXbCH no-6eAHXb. To strive to win.

CTPfllHbCH, -rycb, -HênibCH, -ryxcH,

past cxpiircH, cxpHrjijacb, -ocb,

-HCb imp. /p. nocxpiil^bCH, -rycb,

-jKCfflbCH, -ryxcfl, past nocxpiircH,

nocxpnrjilacb, -ocb, -iicb to have

one's hair cut

CxpiWbCH B napHKMaxepcKOH. To

have one's hair cut at a barber's.

CTPOriHfl, -aH, -oe, -ne, short form

cxpor, cxpora, cxp6r|o, -h; adv.

cxporo

1. strict, severe. Cxpornn yqiixejib.

A strict teacher. Oieu, cxporo

nocMOxpeji Ha Cbma. The father

looked severely at his son. Cxpo-

rim roJioc. A severe tone of voice.

2. fig. strict. Cxporne npasHjia.

Strict rules.

CTPOflTEJlLCTBO neut.

1. construction. CxpoiixejibcxBO sa-

BOAOB H $a6pHK. The construc-

tion of plants and factories.

KyjibxypHoe cxpoHxejibcxBO.

Cultural construction.

2. building. PaSoxaxb na cxpoH-

xejibcxBe. To be engaged in build-

ing.

CTPOIHTb, -JO, -Hinb, -hx imp. qxo? /

p. nOCXp6|HXb, -K), -Mfflb, -HX

1. to build. CxpoHXb ;^0M. To build

a house. CxpoHXb jKejieanyio AO-

pory. To build a railway.

2. fig. to build. Cxponxb KOMMy-

HH3M. To build communism.

CTPOfl m., no pi. system

rocyflapcxBeHHHH cxpoH. A state

system. Kojixoshhm cxpoH. The

collective-farm system.

CXyÊHT m. student

Cxy;;eHx 5-ro Kypca. A fifth-year

student.

CXyjI m., pi cxyjibH, cxyjibCB chair

Cecxb Ha cxyji. To sit down on achair.

CXyHIATb, -y, -Hmb, -fix imp. boHxo? no HCMy? êM?//?. no-cxyq|axb, -y, -nnib, -ax

Cxyâxb B OKHO. To knock at thewindow. Gxyâxb KyjiaKOM no cxo-

Jiy. To bang one's fist on the table.

CTtlAHO predic. impers. (to be>ashamed

Mne cxH/^HO. / am ashamed. Cxij;t-

HO 3a xoBapnnâ. To be ashamed ofa friend. Cxm^ho nepe^ ApyabHMH.To be ashamed to face one's friends.

CxLi/^HO cJiymaxb axn cjioBa. /am athamed to hear such words.

CyBBOTA /. Saturday

B^ cy566Ty 6biji nnxepecHbiH koh-nepx. There was an interesting con-

cert on Saturday.

Cyj\ m., gen. -a

1. law-court.

2. trial.

Cy^flTb, cymy, cyAHmb, cy^Hx imp^

K r 6? î X 6?

1. to judge. Mh cyj^HM no xoMy^^xo BiTjêjin. We judge front

what we saw.

2. to try. Cy^HTb npecxynnnKa^

'

To try a criminal.

3. to referee. Cy;îixb ^yxSojibnyio

Bcxpe^y. To referee a footbalf

match.

<> CyAH no TOMy, qxc... Judging

from what...

Cy^bBA /., pi. cyjs,h6u, cyêC for-

tune, fate

J^yMaxb o cyAb6e Hapoâ. To think

of the fate of the people. Cyjijb6st

MOHx flpysen. The fortunes of myfriends.

Cy/^bH m., pi. cyffbH,^ cyACH

1. judge. CnpaBeAJiHBHH cy^bH. Ajust judge. HapoAHHH cyAbH.

A people's judge.

2. referee. CnopxHBHHH cyAbH. Areferee, on umpire. x

CyMfiTb see yMEXbCyM|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bag

KomaLBAR cyMKa. A leather bag.

CyMKa jxJiH. npoAyKxoB. A shop'

ping-bag.



cyn 143 CHH

cyn m., pi. -H soup

Phcobmh cyn. Rice soup. TapejiKa

cyna. A plate of soup.

CyPOB|Llfl, -an, -oe, -iie, short formcypoB, -a, -o, -h; adv. cypoBO

1. stern, GypoBUH nejiOBeK. Astern person.

2. rugged. GypoBan npHpoâ. Rug-

ged countryside.

3. rigorous. CypoBan h<h3hl. Arigorous life.

CyTjKH no sing., gen. -ok day, 24 hours

Exaxb n;eJiHe cyxKH. To be driving

the whole day. J\b6q cyxoK Two days.

CyXIOfl, -aH, -6e, -ne, adv. cyxo;comp. cyme

1. dry. Bhtph pyKH, ohh aoji>khh

6htl cyxHMH. Wipe your hands,

they must he dry. Gyxan o;ê}KJ^;a.

Dry clothes. Gyxoii Bos^yx. Dryair.

2. dry. Gyxan KOMnaxa. A dry

room. Gyxaa aeMJin. Dry earth.

3. fig. dried-up. Gyxon qejioseK.

A dried-up person. On cyxo no-

BôpoBaJiCfl. He greeted (some-

body) coldly.

<> Cyxoe BHHO. Dry wine.

CymECTB|OBATb, -yio, -yemt, -yiOT

imp. to exist

>KH3Hb na 3eMJie cyni;ecTByeT mho-

rne mhjijihohli jict. Life has exist-

ed on Earth for many millions of

years. GymecTBycT necKOJibKO bh-

AOB ynpaJKHeHHH. There are several

kinds of exercises.

COOTOrPAOflPOBATb see <DOTO-rPAOHPOBATbCXBATflTb see XBATATbiCXOJl,flTbi, cxoJKy, cxoAHniB, cx6;^ht

imp. /p. coHTH, coHflly, -enib, -yx,

past comejT, coniJi|a, -6, -h

1. to go down. GxoAHTb no Jieci-

HHn,e. To go downstairs.

2. to get off. Bbi cxoAHTe na cjie-

;^yion];eH ocxanoBKe? Are you

getting off at the next stop?

<^

CoHTH c yMa. To go out of one'smind

.

CXOJ^flTb^, cxojKy, cxoAHHib, cxo/^ht

p. Ky J18L? &.-}-inf. to go to someplace and return

Gxofl;HTb B MarasHH. To go to the

shop (and return). Gxo/^htb nory-

JiHTb. To go for a walk.

CKOJlfLThCR, 1st & 2nd pers. sing,

not used, 3rd pers. cxoflHXCH, cxo-

;i;htch imp. / p. coHTHCb, 1st & 2nd

pers. not used, 3rd pers. couffjeicfi,

coHAyxcH, past comejicH, conijilacb,

-OCb, -HCL

l.to come together. Gonxncb b

aaJie. To gather in the hall.

KOJIOHHLI J^CMOHCXpanXOB co-

mJiHCb Ha nji6ni;aAH. Columns of

demonstrants converged in the

square.

2. to suit one another. Ohii co-

mjiHCb xapaKxepaMH. They suit-

ed one another.

cii;eha /.'

1. stage. Oh Btimeji na cmeny. Hecame on to the stage.

2. scene. HuxepecHaH criena b

cncKxaKJie. An interesting scene

in a play.

<> CoHTH CO cuieHbi. To leave the

stage.

CHACTJlflBlblfl [n;acjiHBHH], -an,

-oe, -He, short form câcxjiHB, -a,

-0, -h; adv. CHacxjiHBO

1. happy. GnacxJiiiBaH H«H3Hb. Ahappy life. GâcxJiHBbm qejio-

BeK. A happy man. Kan a cnacx-

jihbI How happy I am

2. lucky. Th cnacxjiHBHH You're

lucky/

<> CiacTJiHBoro nyxii A happyjourney

CÂCTbE [n;acxbe] neut., no pi.

1. happiness. Bojibmoe cnacxbe.

Great happiness. >Kejiaio BaM

CHacxbHl / wish you happiness2. good luck.

<> rê cqacTbe, xaai h pa;ôcTI>

(proverb). Where there is happi-

ness, there is joy.

CHHTA|Tb [n^Hxaxb], -lo, -emb, -rox

imp.

1. K OrO? HX 0?/p. COCHHXa|xb, -K3,

-emb, -lox to count. Gocqnxaxb

go cxa. To count to one hundred.

G^Hxaxb no nopH^Ky. To count

in the orderin

whichthings are.

Gqnxaxb jsêHhrn. To count

money.

2. KOrO? HXO? KCM? qcM? to

consider, to think. H c^nxaJi

Te6n CBOHM flpyroM. I considered

you to be my friend. Gnnxaio,

Hxo XH nocxyuHJi npaBHJibHO.



cmH 144 TAJI

/ think you acted in the

right way.

CfflHTb see mWThCT>E33 m. congress

IlapTHHHUH CLean. A party con-

gress. G-LesA npo$coK)30B. A trade-

union congress.

CT>£3lOTTb, -H«y, -flHnib, -^ht p.

K y « a? & + inf. (cf . E3J^HTb) to

go to some place and return

C'besjxiiTh B flpyroH ropo/i;. To go

to another town (and come back).

CtesAHTb OT;;oxHyTb. To go on a

holiday.

CT>E3H{A|Tb, -K), -emB, -iot imp.

Kyfla? OTKyrja? / p. ctexaTb,

Cbe^ly, -euib, -yx to go (come)

downC-bexaxb c ropw. To go (come) down

the hill.

CT>E33KAlTLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. sing,

not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch

imp. Ip. cbexaxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

sing, not used, 3rd pers. cbeÎeTCH,

-yxcH to come together, to gather

K Beqepy HanajiH cbeantaxbCH ro-

CTH. Towards evening the guests

began to arrive.

CTbECTb see ECTb^CTbEXATb see CT)E35KATbCT>EXATbCH see CT>E3ÂTbCHCbirPATb see HrPATbCblH m., pi. cwHOBbH, cbiHOBeH son

GiaprnHH CbiH. The eldest (elder)

son. MjiaAfflHH chh. The youngest

(younger) son.

CblP m., pi. -u cheese

ByTep5p6;i; c CbipoM. A cheese sand-

wich.

CbIP|(3fl, -aH, -6e, -He; adv. cbipo

1. damp. GbipaH seMJiH. Dampearth. CwpoH Boajtyx. Damp air.

CbipaH KOMHaxa. A damp room.

Ipredic. impers. Bêcb oienb

CHpo. It is very damp here.

2. raw, unboiled. Gmpoe mhco.

Raw meat. Cupoe mojioko. Un-

boiled milk.

€I>IT|bIfi, -an, -oe, -tie, short form

CHx, CHxa, CMx|o, -u replete

H cux. / am full.

CIOÂ adv. Kyâ? here

H npnmeji cioâ yxpoM. / came

here in the morning.

T, T

TABAK m., gen. -a tobacco

KpenKHH xa6aK. Strong tobacco.

Kypnxb xa6aK. To smoke tobacco.

TABJIflÂ /. table

TaSjiHiâ yMHOJKeHHH. The multi-

plication table. TaSjiHqa BHHrpH-

raeH. The list of winning numbers.

TAflHA /. mystery

TaHHH npapoAbi. Mysteries of na-

ture. Xpanrixb b xaHne. To keep

secret. /lêpjKaxb b xanne. To keep

(something) secret.

TAK adv.

1. as. êjiaxb xaK, KaK nyjKHO.

To do as one should. Mm xaK meji;0B6jibHH noea^KOH, nan h bh.

Iê are as pleased with the trip

as you are.

2. so. Oh xaK mhofo xo;^^TJI, ^xo

ycxaJi. He walked so much that

he got tired.

3. as part of compound conj. xaK

KaK as, xaK hxo so,

<> H xaK aaJiee. And so on. TaKcKasaxb. So to speak. TaK naabiea-

eMbiM. So-called. Tan ce6e. So-so.

TaK H 6biTb. Let it be so. He xaK

jiH? Is it not so?

TAKHCE adv. also

Mkl xamKC 6biJiH flOBOJibHH. Wewere also pleased.

TAKlOfl, -an, -6e, -He pron.

1. such. TaKOH Beqep h 6yAy noM-

HHXb jiOJLTO. I'll remember such

an evening for a long time.

2. so. CerojiiHH xaKan xopoman no-

^6;â Today the weather is so

good

3. the same as. Oh KynnJi xaKyio

me KHHry, KaK h xh. He bought

the same book as you did.

*0^ B TaKOM cjiyqae. In this case.

TaKHM 66pa3«M. In this way.

Ht# TaKoe? What's that?

TAKCfiL neut., indecl. taxi

JlePKOBoe xaKCH. A taxi-cab. Exaxbna xaKCH. To go by taxi. HaM uymnoB3HXb xaKCH. We should take a taxi.

BM3Baxb xaKCH no jeneiôiiy. To

call a taxi by telephone.

TAJIAHT m. talent, gift

y Hero SoJibmoH xaJianx. He is very

gifted.



TAJl 145 TEM

TAJlAHTJIHBIblfl, -aH, -oe, -He tal-

ented, gifted

TajiaHTJiHBLiH yqeHHH, nHcaxejib.

A gifted scientist, writer. TaJiaHT-jiHBaH paSoxa, KHHra. A work, book

of great talent.

TAM adu. r a e? there

TaM HtHBex MOH OTei^. My father

lives there. TaM, rê a poAHJiCH,

cymecTByex MHoro nnxepecHtix

oSHHaeB. Where I was born, there

exist many interesting customs.

TAH|EI^ m., gen. -Ei;a dance

BHCxpHH xaneii;. A quick dance.

HcnoJiHHXb HaponHUH xanen;. To

perform a folk dance. Eocemaxbnmojiy xaHn;eB. To attend a dancing

school.

TAHmEBATb, -yro, -yenib, -yiox

imp. H X 0? to dance

TanneBaxb Bajibc. To dance a waltz.

TanneBaxb c AeByuiKon. To dance

with a girl.

TAPEJIIKA /., gen. pi. -ok plate

FJiySoKafl xapejina. A soup plate.

MeJiKan xapeJiKa. A flat plate. Ecxb

H3 xapeJiKH. To eat from a plate.

TAmflTb, xan^y, xan;Hnib, xanâx imp.

1. Koro? Hxo? to carry. Tan^nxb

MemoK. To carry a sack.

2. H X 0? p. BbixanÎnxb, -y, -nmb,

-ax to pull out. Bbixamnxb rBosAb

H3 cxeHH. To pull a nail out of

the wall.

TA|HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd

pers. -ex, -lox imp. /p. pacxa|HXb,

1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers.

-ex, -lox

1. to thaw. Gner xaex. The snow is

thawing.

2. only imp., fig. to dwindle, to

waste away. Sanacw xaiox. The

supplies are dwindling. BojibHOH

xaex na rjiaaax. You can see the

sick man waste away.

TBEPAIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form

xBepfl, xBepua, xsepAlo, -h; adv.

XBCpflO

1. solid. TBepAoe xejio. A solidsubstance.

2. hard. TBepjtan seMJiH. Hardground.

3. fig. firm, sound. TBep^He sna-

HHH. Sound knowledge. IIpHHHXb

xBepAoe pemenHe. To take a

firm decision.

10—4002

TBOfl, xBOfl, xBoe, xboh pron. your(s)

TBOPHECTBO neut., no pi. creative

work

TBopqecxBO niojioxoBa. Sholokhov'sworks. Pacnsex xBopqecxBa. Theheight of one's creative activity. Ha-

poAHoe XBopqecxBO. The creative

work of the people.

TEATP m. theatre

Teaxp onepH h 6ajiexa. A theatre

of opera and ballet. /],paMaxHHecKHH

xeaxp. A play-house. CMOxpexb b

xeaxpe noByio nbecy. To see a new

play at a theatre. Xo^nxb b xeaxp.

To go to the theatre.

TEJIEBflSOP m. television set^

CMOxpexb nepezj;aqy no xeneBnaopy.

To watch a television programme.

BKJIIOqHXb (BHKJIIOÎHXb) XeJICBHSOp.

To turn on (off) television.

TEJIEPPAMMA /. telegram

CpoqnaH xejierpaMMa. An urgent

telegram. Ilocjiaxb (flaxb) xejierpaM-

My. To send a telegram.

TEJIErPA<D m., no pi. telegraph-

office

LteHxpaJibHHH xejierpa^. The central

telegraph-office. H^th na Tejierpa(|).

To go to the telegraph-office. Pa66-

xaxb na xejierpa(|)e. To work at a

telegraph-office.

TEJIEOOH m. telephone

HoMep xejie{|)6Ha. A telephone num-ber. MejKAyropOAHHH xejie(|)6H. Atrunk line. FoBopnxb no xejieôny.

To speak over the telephone.

<> Te;ie4)6H-aBTOMaT. A public te-

lephone.

T£JI|0 neut., pi. -a

1. substance. Tbepôe xeJio. A so-

lid substance. HîtflKoe xejio. Aliquid substance.

2. body. HacxH xejia. Parts of the

body.

TEMA /. subject, theme

TeMa ypoKa. The subject (theme) of

a lesson. TeMa ÔKJiaAa. The sub-

ject of a report.

TfiMHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ne, adv. xcmho

1. dark. TeMnan KOMHaxa. A dark

room.Ipredic. impers. Ha yjinne

xeMHO. It is dark outside.

2. dark. Tcmehh kocxiom. A dark

suit. TeMHHe bojioch. Dark hair.

TeMHHe FJiasa. Dark eyes.



TEM 146 TEH

3. fig- dark. TeMHwe chjih. Dark

forces.

TEMn m. tempo, speed, rate

BucTptiH TeMH. A quick tempoTeMn pe^H. The tempo (speed) of

speech. TeMnu pasBHTHH 3KOh6mh

KH. The rate of economic development

TEMHEPATS^PA /.

1. temperature. TeMnepaxypa boahThe temperature of water. Hawe

pHTb TeMnepaxypy. To take a

temperature.

2. temperature. V Hero BucoKan

TeMnepaxypa. He has a high

temperature. || colloq. high tem-perature, fever. Y peSeuna TeM-

nepaxypa. The child has a fever.

TEHb /., prepos. b Tenii shade; shad-

ow.

Tenb ox Aepesa. The shade of a

tree. CnAexb b xenii. To sit in the

shade. On Gohjich coScxBeHHoii xe-

Hii. He was afraid of his own shadow.

TEOPHH /. theory

HayHHaa xeopnH. A scientific theory.

Maynaxb xeopuio. To study atheory. CoeAHHHXb xeopnio c npan-

XHKOH. To combine theory with prac-

tice.

TEDEPb adv. nowTenepb oh >KHBex b Ch6hph, a

panbuie paSoxaji b MocKse. Now he

lives in Siberia, but before he worked

in Moscow.

TEnJl|blH, -an, -oe, -He, short form

xeneji, xenJija, -6, -u; adv. xenno

1. warm. Tenjian KOMnaxa. A warm

room. TenjibiH Boaayx. Warmair. PasBe axo ropHMHH cyn? Ohqyxb xenjiuH. Do you call this

hot soup? It is hardly warm.

Tenjioe naJibxo. A warm coat.|

predic. impers. (is) warm. Mnexenjio. / feel warm. SA^Cb xenjio.

It is warm here.

2. fig. warm, cordial. TenjiLie qyB-

cxBa. Warm feelings. Ohh xenJio

npocxHJiMCb c rocxHMH. They

said good-bye to their guests cor-

dially.

TEPIIEJlflBlblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short

form xepnejiHB, -a, -o, -u; adv. xep-

nejiHBo patient

TepnejiHBUH yqrixejib. A patient

teacher. TepneJiHBO oS-LHCHnxb. To

explain patiently.

TEPHlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. Koro?mo?/p. noxepH|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox

1. to lose. IIoxepHXb cyMKy. To lose

one's bag.

2. fig. to lose. Teprixb Apyra. Tolose a friend. Tepnxb HaAewAy.To lose hope. Tepnxb cjiyx. Tolose one's hearing. Tepnxb BpeMH.

To waste time.

<> Tepaxb roJioey. To lose one's

head. Bbi He BHAeJiH axy KapxH-

Hy? Hex? Bbi HHqero ne noxe-

pfljiH. ''Have you seen this pic-

ture? No? You have missed

nothing.

TECHjblfl, -an, -oe, -He, snort form

xecen, xecna, xecH|o, -h; adv. xecHO

1. cramped. TecHan KBapxnpa. Acramped flat.

\predic. impers.

3Aecb xecHO. There is no room here.

2. tight. TecHHe Goxpihkh. Tight

shoes. PySamna Mne xecna. Theshirt is too tight for me.

3. close. BHTb XeCHO CBHSaHHHMc kcm-jihSo. To be closely con-

nected with somebody.

TETPAJ^b /. copy-book

Tojicxafl xexpaAb. A thick copy-book.

ToHKafl xexpaAb. A thin copy-book.

06maH xexpaAt- A thick, general-

purpose copy-book. TexpaAfc b jih-

HeiiKy. A lined copy-book. Ilncaxb

B xexpaAH. To write in a copy-book.

TETH /. aunt

TEXHHKA /., no pi.

1. technique, technology. HepeAO-

BaH xexHHKa. Advanced technol-

ogy. OBJiaAexb xexHHKOH. Tomaster technique.

2. technique. TexHHKa nrpn naCKpuuKe. The technique of play-

ing the violin.

TEXHflHECKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne

1. technical. TexHHHecKHH nporpecc.

Technical progress.

2. technical. TexHHnecKHH hhcth-

xyx. A technical institute.

3. technical. TexKHHecKan pa66xa.

Technical work.

TEHEHHE neut. current, stream

HnjKHee xeêHHe peKH. The lower

reaches of the river.

O Iljmixb no TeneHHio (npoxHB

TeHeHHfl). To go with (against) the

stream.



TEH 147 TOH

TElHb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd

pers. -HGT, -KyT, past tgk, TeK|Jia,

-Jio, -JiH imp.

1. to flow, to stream. Pena tghgt.The river flows. Ho JIH^y ee

TGKJiH CJiesH. Tears were streaming

down her cheeks.

2. fig. to fly by. BpeMH leneT ne-

saMeTHO. Time goes by imper-

ceptibly.

TflXlUfl, -an, -oe, -ne, s/iori /orm

Tiix, THxa, THxlo, -Hj ac?y. THXO;

comp. THiiie

1. soft, Thxhh roJioc. A soft voice.

Thxo neTb. To smg 5o/fZi/. Tobo-

pH THme Don't speak so loud}

2. quiet. Tixoe yxpo. A quiet morn-

ing.

3. quiet. Thxhh peSeuoK. A quiet

child.

THmHHA /., no pi. silence

IloJTHaH THniHHa. Complete silence.

Hapymaxb THmHHy. To break the

silence. CxofiJia MepTBan THmHua.It was dead silent.

TKAHb /. fabric

niepCTHHaa TKanb. A woollen fabric.

TO particle then

EcjiH SyAST BpeMH, to h npnAy.

// / have time I'll come.

TO... TO conj. now... nowTo TM roBopiifflb OAHo, TO ;i;pyr6e,

— KaK me Mue Te6e BepnTb? Nowyou say one thing, now another,

how am I to believe you?

TOBAP m.

1. ware. npoMbimjienHbie TOBapH.

Industrial wares.

2. usu. pi. goods. ToBapH mnpoKO-

ro noTpeSJieHHH. Consumer goods.

TOBAPHm m.

1. friend. BepHMH TOBapnn^. A true

friend.

2. used in addressing people: ToBa-

pnm IleTpoBa Comrade Petroval

ToBapnn^ Bojikob Comrade Vol-

kovl

TO^JÂ adv.

1. then. Pfle tm 6hji b nrojie? — fl

6hji Torfl,a b ^pyroM ropoê.

''Where were you in July? /

was then in another town.

2. then. Th ne anaenib axoro?

Torji;a bosbmh KHHry h npoHH-

xaHl ''You don't know that? Then

take the book and read it

10*

3. then. Korâ npOHHTaio KHHry,

Torâ OT;;aM ee xeSe. When Ihave read the book I'll give it

back to you.TO ECTb conj. that is (to say)

Cenâc Mapx. H Bepnycb b HiOHe,

to ecTb Hepea flsa MecHn;a. Now it

is March. I'll come back in June,

that is in two months.

TOmE adv. also

H TOJKC ^pH;^y na Beêp. I'll also

come to the evening-party. H tojkb

ycTaJi. / am also tired. Th ne x6-

qemb 3Toro? H TOJKe. You don't

wanl that? Neither do I.

TOJinA /., pi. TOJiDLi crowd

Tojina JiioAeH. A crowd of people.

TOJICTlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form

TOJiCT, TOJicTa, t6jict|o, -h; comp.

TOJinê

1. thick. TojicTaH miTKa. A thick

thread. ToJicxaa KHitra. A thick

book.

2. fat. TojicxHH neJiOBCK. ^ /ai man.

TOJlbKO1. adv. only. B KOMHaxe xojibKO

oji,EH cxyji. There is only one

chair in the room. Oh npnexaJi

xoJibKO BHepa. He came only

yesterday.

2. conj. only, fl corjiacen, xoJibKO

He cenqac. / agree, only not now.

3. particle only. TojibKO 6h yexaxbl

/ wish only to go away H 3a-

HCM xojibKO OH CAeJiaJi axo? Whyon earth did he do that?

4. as part of compound conj . a) TOJib-

Ko qxo just. Oh xojibKO hxo npn-meji. He has just come, b) KaK

TOJlbKO the moment, Kan xoJibKO

Mbi BomjiH B 3aji,,.. The moment

we entered the hall...

TOH m. tone

BpajKAeSuHH xoh. A hostile tone.

FOBOpHXb ^.pyjKecKHM XOHOM. Tospeak in a friendly tone.

TOHKIHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form

xoHOK, xoHKa, x6hk|o, -h; adv.

xoHKo; comp. xoHbme1. thin. ToHKaa xexpaAt. A thin

copy-book. ToHKoe jtepeBO. A thin

tree. ToHKHe SpoBH. Fine eye-

brows. ToHKO Hapeaaxb CHp. Tocut the cheese thin.

2. thin. ToHKHH roJioc. A thin

voice.



TOH 148 TPA

3. delicate, keen. Tohkhh BKyc. Adelicate taste. Tohkhh cjiyx. Akeen ear.

4. fine. Kojibno tohkoh paGoTU. Aring of fine workmanship.

^ Tfle TOHKo, TaM H peeTCfl (prov-

erb). Gf. The strength of a chain

is determined by, its weakest link.

TOHHA / ton

BecoM B 500 TOHH. 500 tons in

weight .

TOHS'Tb, TOHy, TOHeuib, Tonyx imp.

i. p. noTOuyTb, noTOHy, noxoHemb,

noTOHyx to sink. KopaSjib no-

Tonyji. The ship has sunk.2» p. yTOHyxb, yxony, yxoneinb,

yxonyx to get drowned. MaJib-

^hk yxonyji b pene. The boy got

drowned in the river.

3. no p. to sink. MexaJiJi xonex b

BOê. Metal sink<i in water.

TOPrOBJIfl /. trade

BHeniHHH xoproBJifl. Foreign trade.

BHyxpeHHHH xoproBJiH Home trade.

ToproBJiH OBomaMH. The vegetable

trade. PaasHBaTb xoproBJiio. To de-

velop trade.

TOPHCECTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He;

adv. xop>KecxBtMiHO

1. festive. Top>KecxBeHHUH flenb.

A festive day.

2. solemn. Top>KecxBeHHbiH xoh.

A solemn tone.

TOPOnflTbCH, xoponjiiocb, xoponnmb-

Cfl, xopoiiflxcH imp. to hurry

ToponHXbCH B xeaxp. To hurry to

the theatre.

TOT pron.

1. that. Tox flOM. That house. B xox

;êHb. (On) that day.

2. other. Ha xoh cxopone. On the

other side. Ha x6m 6epery. On

the other bank.

3.: Mm yBepenH b xom, hxo...

We are sure that... fl cnpouiy

y xoro, Kxo SHaex. I'll ask some-

body who knows.

4. that. 9x0 xox flOM? Is that the

house? 3x0 xa Ben5b? Is that the

thing? 3x0 ne xa Bemb This is

not the thing 3xo cobccm He x6

-.. It is not that at all

-^H t6t h flpyroH. Both {one and

the other). Hh tot hh ffpyroii.

Neither {one nor the other). Tot

Hce, TOT me caMwii. The same

one, the very same one. B Ty3Ke MHHyT^. That very moment.Oaho h to Hce. The (very) same

thing. Jlejio b tom, mto... Thething is that... Mne He flo Toro.

I've other things to attend to.

H TOMy noA6(>Hoe (h t. n.). Andso on (etc.).

5. as part of compound conj.: BMecxoxoro, qx66H instead of; xeM HeMenee nevertheless; nocjie xoro

KaK after, following; flo xoro

KaK, êpe;^ xeM KaK before; ne-

CMOxpH Ha x6, Hxo in spite of the

fact that; b xo BpeMH KaK whileTOHIKA /., gen. pi. -bk point, full stop

IlocxaBHXb xoHKy. To put a full

stop.

<> Toqna c aacHTOH. A semi-

colons ToHKa apeHHfl. One's point of

view. C Moefi toikh speHHH. Frommy standpoint.

TOHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form

xoHeH, xo^ma, x6hh|o, -h; adv.

x64H0

1. exact. ToHHtiH nepeBOjt. -^n

exact translation. Tohuo anaxb.

To know for certain. To^Hbie na-

CM. A good time-keeping watch.

ToMHoe BpeMH. The exact time.

2. punctual. Tohhhh HejiOBen. Apunctual man.

<> ToHHbie HayKH. The exact sciences.

TPABA /., pi. xpaBbi

1. grass. Bejienaa xpaBa. Green

grass. BucoKafl xpaBa. Tall

grass.

2. only pi. herbs. JleKapcxBeHHue

xpaBU. Medicinal herbs.

TPAKTOP m., pi. xpaKxopa, xpaKxo-

poB & xpanxopti, xpaKxopoB tractor

TPAMBAfl m. tram

^BaAnaTb mecxoH xpaMBan. A num-ber 26 tram. i:xaxb na xpaMBae. To

go by tram. Gecxb na xpaMBafi. Totake a tram. Cohxh c xpaMBan. Toget off the tram.

TPAHCnOPT m., no pi. transport

ropoflCKoii xpaHcnopx. City trans-

port. Bhaw xpaHCHopxa. Kinds

of transport.

TPA|THTb. -Hy, -XHmb, -xhx imp.

qxo? na h x 6?/p. HCxpa|XHXb,

-qy, -XHmb, -xax to spend

TpaxHXb jxeuhTR na nnxaHHe. To

spend money on food. HcxpaxHXb



TPE 149 Tpy

MHoro AGHer. To spend much money.

Oh TpaTHT MHoro BpeMeHH na ;ô-

pory. He spends a lot of time trav-

elling.

TPEBIOBATb, -yio, -yemi,, -yrox

imp. q T o? or q e r 6? y k o r 6?

OT Kor6? + qT66H or Jînf.f

p. noTpe6|oBaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

1. to demand. H Tpe6yio cjioea. /

demand the right to he heard.

y^HTeJib TpeSosaji, ^toSh mhêjiajiH flOMaraHHe saAannH. Theteacher demanded that we should

do our home-task.

2.

to take. Bxa pa66Ta TpeCyex mho-ro BpeMeHH. This work takes a

lot of time.

TPEBOHCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short

form TpesoHêH, xpeBOH^Hla, -o, -ti;

adv. xpeBOJKHO

1. anxious. TpeBOJKHUH bsfjih;;.

An anxious look.

2. alarming. TpenoHtHoe hojiojkc-

HHe. An alarming situation. Tpe-

Bomuoe BpeMH. An uneasy time.

TpeBOJKHHe hobocxh. Alarmingnews.

TP(3rA|Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp. ko-to? Hxo? neu^/p. xpoHlyxb, -y,

-emb, -yx (momentaneous action) &noxp6ra|xb, -lo, -emb, -lox

1. to touch. SKCHOHaxM B Myaee

HejTb3H xporaxb pvKaMH. Theexhibits in the museum should

not be touched. EMy xoxejiocb

noxporaxb Kawflyio Bem;b. He

wanted to touch every thing.2. p. only xpoHyxb fig. to move.

3x0 ero ne xpdraex. It doesn't

move him. MeHH axo oqeub xpo-

Hyjio. It moved me deeply.

3. p. only xponyxb to touch. HexporaHxe erol Leave him alone/

TPOE num. three

Tpoe cxyAeHxoB. Three students.

y Hero xpoe êxen. He has three

children. Hac 6mjio xpoe. There

were three of us. Hpomjio xpoecyxoK. Three days had passed.

TPOJIJlEflByC m. trolleybus

nfixbiH xpojiJieH6yc. A number 5

trolleybus. OcxanoBKa xpojiJienCyca.

A trolleybus stop. Exaxb na xpoji-

JieH6yce. To go by trolleybus. Cecxb

Ha xpoJiJienGyc. To take a trolley-

bus. GoHXH c xpojiJienCyca. To get

off the trolleybus.

TPOHyXb see TPOPATb

TPyBA /., pi. xpy6H1. tube. ripoHBBOAcxBO xpy6. Pro-

duction of tubes.

2. chimney. SaBOffCKaH xpy6a. Afactory chimney. Tpy6a flOMa.

The chimney of a house.

3. trumpet. Hrpaxb na xpy6e. Toplay (to blow) the trumpet.

TP>^B|KA /., gen. pi. -ok pipe

KypHXb xpyoKV. To smoke a pipe.

TPyft m., gen. -a

i.nopl. work; labour. yMCXBeHHHHxpyfl. Brain work. OHSHHecKHH

xpyff. Manual work.

2. difficulty. Oh c xpyôM Bcxaji.

He stood up with difficulty. OhBHyHHJi 3X0 6e3 xpyfla. Helearned it without any difficulty.

3. work. HayHHHH xpyA- A scien-

tific work. TpyflU Ferejia. The

works by Hegel.

TPyjIiflTbCH, xpyjKycb, xpyflnmbCH,

xpy;i;HXCfl imp. to workJIaSopaxopHH xpyfl;HxcH Ha;^ peme-

HHeM axon aa/âiH. The laboratory

works at solving this problem.

TP5^ja,H|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form

xpyJêH, xpjrj^na, xpyAH|o, -h; adv.

xpy^HO1. difficult. TpyAHbiH sKaaMen. A

difficult examination. Tpy^noe3a;âHHe. A difficult task. HaMxpyAHO HOHHXb Bac. It is diffi-

cult for us to understand you.

3xa KHifra xpyAua ;i;jih Bac. This

book is too difficult for you.

2. difficult, hard. Tpy^Hafl o6cxa-

HOBKa. A difficult situation.

TpyAHoe BpeMH. A hard time.

TPy/^GBlOn, -aa, -oe, -Lie

1. working, labour. TpyjÔBoe boc-

HHxaHHe. Labour education.

2. working. TpyjôBan MOjiOAejKb.

Working youth.

3. hard-earned. TpyÔBwe ;;eHbrH.

Hard-earned money.4. working. TpyAOBOH jj,eHh. The

working day.

<> TpyflOBMe pesepBbi. Labour-re-

serves.

TPyJ^HI^|HflCfl m., gen. -erocfl

worker

Tpy/^flmnecH Bcex cxpan. The workers



TPy 150 T5IH

of the world. CoBexH aenyTaxoB

TpyflHmHXCH. Soviets of workers*

deputies.

TPyC m. coward

Oh OKaaaJiCH TpycoM. He turned

out to be a coward.

TPyCb'I no sing, shorts

CnopxcMeHm 6hjih b KpacHux Man-

Kax H nepHLix xpycax. The sports-

men wore red jerseys and black

shorts.

TP)ln|KA /., gen. pi. -ok rag, duster

CxHpaTb ntiJib xpflnKOH. To remove

dust with a rag. Mhxb noji xpfln-

KOH. To wash the floor with a rag.

Xy/HA adv. K y A a? there

Box MarasHH, ho mm xyâ ne noH-

flCM. Here is the shop, but we shall

not go there. KaK ôexaxb 30 H,eH-

xpa? — Tyâ m6h{ho exaxb na Mex-

p6. ''How can I get to the centre? —''You can get there by the under-

ground. Bh Hflexe He xyâ. You are

not going the right way.

TYMAH m. mist, fog

yxpeHHHH XyMan. A morning mist.

FycxoH xyMan. A dense fog. HayjiHiie ceroj^HH xyMan. It is foggy

outside today.

TyniOK, -an, -6e, -Lie

1. blunt. TynoH ho>k. A blunt

knife.

2. not pointed. Tynon hocok 60-

xiiHKa. A rounded toe-cap.

3. fig. meaningless. TynoH bsfjih;;.

A meaningless look.

4. fig. dull. Tynoii yqeuHK. A dull

pupil, a dunce.

5. fig. dull. Tynafl 6ojib. A dull

pain.

TyPflCT m. tourist, hiker

TypncxM xoahjih b jiexHHii noxoA.

The hikers went on a summer walk-

ing tour. HHOcxpauHLie xypncxM.

Foreign tourists.

TYT adv. r « e? (colloq.) here

Tyx cxoHx cxoji, a xaM — AHBan.

There is a table here, and a divan

over there.

TÔJIH pi., gen. pi. xy$ejib; sing.

xy(|)JiH /. shoes

KoHtanwe xy^JiH. Leather shoes.

Ty$JiH na bhcokom (hhskom) Ka6-

jiyKe. High-(low-)heeled shoes. ]\o-

MamHHe xy(|)jni. Slippers.

1. cloud. HepHwe xyqn. Black

clouds. HnsKHe xyqn. Low clouds.

2. fig. cloud.

TyHHhujih.

Cloudsof dust.

TbI pron., gen., ace. xeSfl, dat. xe6e,

instr. xo66h, prepos. o xe6e youTh moh Jtpyr. You are my friend.

Hxo XH AeJiaemb cennac? What are

you doing now?

<> BbiTfa Ha «TM» c kcm-jihSo. Tothee-and-thou somebody.

TblJl m., prepos. b xHJiy; pi. xhjim

rear

TbiJi H (|)poHx. The rear and the

front. PaSoxaxb b XHJiy. I'o work

on the home front.

TK)PbMA /., pi. xiopbMH, xfopeM,

xiopbMaM, etc. prison

riocannxb b xiopbMy. To put into

prison. BpocHxb B xiopbMy. To fling

into prison. Gnêxb b xiopbMe. Tobe in prison.

THiKEJIlblH, -an,^ -oe^ -He, short form

xflJKeji, xfl>KOJi|a, -6, -h; adv. xh-

jKeJio1. heavy. Tflwejibm hhîik. A heavy

box.Ipredic. impers. Te6e xh/KC-

J16 necxH 3X0X qeMOfl;aH. It is

difficult for you to carry that

suit-case.

2. fig. hard, difficult. TajKejian

pa66xa. Hard work. TflJKeJiaH

JKH3Hb. A hard life. TflJKejioe

saâHHe. A difficult task. V He-

ro 6biJia xflJKeJiaH MOJioôcxb. Hehad a hard youth.

Ynero xflJKe-

jiHH xapaKxep. He is a difficult

person. CoBepmnxb xflJKejioe npe-

cxynjieHHe. To commit a heinous

crime. Tfl>KejiaH SojiesHb. A grave

illness. TflweJiafl onepauHH. A se-

rious operation. TflJKejioe qyBcxBO.

A hard feeling. Tajkcjimh êub. Ahard day.

|predic. impers. Mho

xfl?KeJi6 BcnoMHuaxb 06 axoM. It

is painful for me to recollect that.

<> y nee Tnmeno na flyme. She

has misgivings. TflHceJiafl npo-

MumjieHHOCTb. The heavy in-

dustry.

THHyXb, XHuy, xflnemb, xHHyx imp.

k r 6? mo? /p. noxHHyxb, no-

xHHy, noxHHemb, noxHuyx

1. to pull. Oh noxHHyji oxiâ 3a



151 VBE

pyKaB. He pulled his father's

sleeve.

2. colloq., fig. to draw out. He thhh,

paccKaawBaH SucTpee. Don't

draw it out, say it quickly.

<> TflH.VTb c OTBeTOM. To delay

one's answer.

y, y

y prep, -j- gen.

1. by. Ctoji ctoht y OKHa. Thetable is by the window.

2. at. H ?KHBy y 6paTa. / live at

my brother's.

3. from, fl ysHaji y Moero y^HTejia

MHoro HHTepecHoro. / learned a

lot of interesting things from myteacher. MoH TOBapniii; bshji yMGHH MOio KHHry. My friend has

borrowed a book from me.

4.: y nee 6ojiht rojiosa. She has a

headache.

5.: y MGHH eCTb 3T0T jKypHaJi. /

have got that magazine. Y Tosa-

pHma 6ojibmaH ceMbH. My friend

has a large family.

yBE^flTb see YBEIiKJliiTh

yBEJ^flTbCH see yBE5KAATbCHyBE3KAA|Tb, -K), -emb, -kdt imp.

Koro? B HGM? & -^ inf./p. y6e-

fllHTb, 1st pers. sing, not used, -Hmb,

-HT to convince, to persuade

Ham HHJKeHep y6e;^Hji nac b

npaBHjibHOCTH cBoero npoeKxa.

Our engineer has convinced us

of the correctness of his project.Mh y5e/^HJiH TOBapuma nocxy-

DHTb B HHCTHTyT. We persuaded

our friend to enter an institute.

yBEHCÂITbCH, -locb, -enibca, -lox-

Cfl imp. B qeM?/ p. ySeflliixbCfl,

1st pers. sing, not used, -nmbcfl,

-HxcH to get convinced

y6efl;HXbCH b BepnocxH Apyra. Toget convinced of one's friend's loyal-

ty. Mm ySe^HJiHCb. b xom, hxo 3xo

mpdiBjxa.. We got convinced that itwas true.

yBHBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. k o r 6?

Hxo?/p. ySifxb, y6h\K), -emb, -lox

1. to kill. y6HXb BOJiKa h3 py>KbH.

To kill a wolf with a gun.

y6HTb HOJKOM. To kill with a

knife.

2. fig. to kill. HsBecxne o CMepxH

Cbina ySbex ee. The news of her

son's death will kill her.

<> XoTb ySeii, ne sHaio. / couldn't

tell you to save my life.

yBHPAlTb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp. ^ x o?/

p. ySpaxb, ySeply, -emb, -yx, past

ySpaJi, -a, y6paji|o, -h

1. to remove. ySpaxb xexpa^H

. CO cxoJia. To take the copy-books

from the desk.

2. to put away. ySpaxb KHHrn b

mKa(|). To put away books in

a bookcase.

3. to gather (in). ySpaxb ypoHtan.

To gather (in) the crops.

4. to tidy up. ySpaxb KOMHaxy.

To tidy up the room. y5paxb

nocxejib. To make the bed.

yBflTb see yBHBATbyBPATb see yBHPATbyBA5KA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-

to? H X 0? 3 a H X 6? to respect

ycaJKaxb poAHxejien. To respect

one's parents. ysaJKaxb xoeapHma

3a CMejiocxb. To respect one's friend

for his bravery. Mbi ji;oji>khli yea-

jKaxb Apyr Apyra. We must respect

one another.

yBA5KEHHE neut., no pi. respect^

nojibsoBaxbCH yBameHiieM xoBapn-

mew.. To be held in respect by one's

friends. H cj];eJiaJi 3X0 hb yBaJKeuHH

K Apyry- / did that out of respect

for my friend.

yBEJlfl^HBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

qxo?/p. yBejiHH|HXb, -y, -nmb, -ax

1. to increase. yBejiiiHHXb BwnycK

XKanen. To increase the output

of fabrics.

2. to raise. yBCJiHHHXb 3apa6oxHyio

nJiaxy. To raise one's salary

(wages)

.

yBEJIflHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -loxcfl

imp. Ip. yBeJiH^lHXbCH, 1st & 2nd

pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -ax-

es to increase, to growKojiHHecxBo cxyAenxoB yBeJiHHH-

Baexcfl. The number of students is

growing.

yBEJiflHHTb see yBEJIflHHBATbyBEJlfl^HTbCH see yBEJlflHH-

BATbCfl



VBE 152 VAO

yBEPEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.

ysepeHHO

1. part., short form j^Bepen, yse-

peH|a, -0, -w sure, certain.

yBepeHHHe b no6e;ie, mli npo-

;iOJDKajiH 6opb6y. Certain of

victory, we continued the fight.

Mu yBepcHM b nameH no6efle.

We are sure of our victory. HyBepen b tom, hto oh npaB. / amsure he is right.

2. used as adj., short form yBe-

pen, yBepenI

Ha, -no, -nw confi-

dent, sure. ynepennHe flencTBHH.

Confident actions. Ero flBHJKe-

HHH 6mjih dwcTpH H yBcpen-

HU. His actions were quick and

sure. On roBopnJi yBepenno

(adv.). He spoke confidently.

yBfl/ÊTb see BflJUETb

yBJIEKA|TbCH, -locb, -embcn, -K)TCfl

imp. KeM? qeM?/ p. yBJie|HbCH,

-Kycb, -qembCH, -KyxcH, past yB-

JICKCH, yBJieKlJiaCb, -JlOCb, -JTHCb to

be carried away, to be keen (on

doing something)

yBJieKBTbCH cnopTOM, paGoTOH. Togo in for sports, to be carried away

with one's work.

^rOJI m., gen. yrJia, prepos. b yrjiy

1. corner. yroJi jÔMa. The corner

of a house. CxoflTb na yrJiy ymi-

nti. To stand at the corner of the

street. CnAexb b yrJiy KOMnaxH.

To sit in the corner of the room.

2. an^le. noflyrji6M45°(c6poKnHXb

rpajtycoB). At an angle of 45°.

<0> XoflHTb H3 yrjia b yroji. Towalk up and down the room, yroji

speHHA. A point of view. Ils-sa

yrjia. From round the corner.

yrOJIb m., gen. yrjiH coal

KaMenHMH yroJib. Coal. ôSHBaxb

yrojib. To mine coal. yBe-nHHHBaxb

;to6uHy yrjin. To increase the coal

output.

yrocTiiTb see yromAxb

yromA|Tb,-K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-

to? êM? / p. yrolcxHXb, -^^y,

-cxHmb, -cxHT to treat

yrocxHXb xoBapHn;a âeM. To treat

one's friend to tea.

y;Â|BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -loxcfl imp./

p. yâxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used.

3rd pers. yflacxcfl, yAa;^yxcfl, past

yAa|JiCH, -jiacb, -jiocb, -jiHCb

1. to be a success. Onux yâjiCH.

The experiment was a success.

2. impers. k o m y? -f- if^f- to man-age. Mne y;taji6cb npnexaxb na

BOKsan BOBpeMH. / managed to

come to the station in time. HaMHe yAaJiocb nonacxb na BHCxaB-

Ky. We didn't manage to get to

the exhibition.

yÂP m.

1. blow, clap. CnjibHUH yâp. Astrong blow, yâp rpoMa. A clap

of thunder.

2. fig. blow. 9x0 ;^Jifl Hero XHJKejiMH

Vflap. This is a hard blow to him.

<0» BwTb B yffape. To be at one's

best.

yAAPHTb see yjÂPHXbyAAPEnrbCH see yJÂPHTbCHyÂPHHK m. shock-worker

yjâpHHK KOMMyHHcxnqecKoro xpy-

Jta. A shock-worker of communist

labour.

yjÂPH|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-

to? H e M? no H e M y? B H X 6?/

p. yMplHTb, -K), -nmb, -hx to

strike, to hit, to kick

yâpEXb HoroH B flBepb. To kick

at the door. y;;apHXb koto-jihCo

pyKOH no njieny. To strike somebody

on the shoulder.

yÂPHlTbCH, -locb, -embCH, -ioxch

imp. o6o Hxo? êM?/p. yâ-

plHXbCH, -K)Cb, -nmbCH, -HXCH

to strike oneself, to hit oneself

H y/âpHJICH pyKoii o Kpaii cxojia.

/ knocked my hand against the edge

of the table.

yÂTbCH see yJÂBATbCHyAHBflTbCfl see yj5HBJlHTbCHyflRBJlHlTbCH, -locb, -erabcfl, -loxcfl

imp. KOMy? HeMy?//?. yAH|BHXb-

CH, -BJiiocb, -BHmbCH, -BHXCH to be

surprised

H yflHBHJiCH ero cjiOBaM. / was

surprised at his words.

yjÔBH|blfl, -an, -oe, -ue,short

formyAoSen, yfloSnla, -o, -u; adv. yôdHO

1. comfortable. Yjx66uoe Kpecjio.

A comfortable chair. On yôSHO

CHjieJi B Kpecjie. He sat comfort-

ably in an armchair.|predic.

impers. (it is) comfortable. Sflecb

oneHb yfl66Hopa66xaxb. It is very



yflo 153 yjiH

comfortable to work here. BaM

YAoSho CH;êTb? Are you sitting

comfortably?

2. predic. impers. (it is) con-

venient. yA66HO JIH rOBOpHTL

06 3T0M? Isn't it awkward to

speak about that?

YAOBOJIbCTBHE neut. pleasure

Konnepx aocTaenji Mne 6ojii.m6e

yfliOBOJiLCTBHe. / enjoyed the concert

very much. H cjiyraan neena c yjj,o-

BOJibCTBHeM. / listened to the sing-

er with pleasure.

yE3H{A|Tb, -K), -eniL, -K)t imp./

p. yexaxb, ye^ly, -emb, -yx to go

awayVexaxb 0XJ^Hxaxb. To go on one's

holiday. Vexaxb h3 ropoAa b aepes-

HK). To go from town to the country.

06hhho oh yesjKaex na pa66xy

pano yxpoM. He usually goes

to work early in the morning.

B npomjiOM ro^y h KHKyâ ne

yesHtaJi h3 ÔMa. Last year I didn't

go away anywhere.

YEXATb see YESHCATb

y^ particle emphasising the meaningof the word to which it refers really

OneHb yjK njioxo oh cêjiaji 9x0.

He really did that very badly. Thym He roBopn CMy 06 axoM. Don't

you tell him about that.

yÊ adv. already

H yme ^Hxan axy KHPiry. / have

already read that book. Yme nopa

HflXH AOMOH. It's already time to go

home. MoH chh yjKe BspocJibiH.

My son is already grown-up.SjiKRH m. supper

XoJiOflHLiH fmuR. A cold supper.

C-becxb yH^HH. To eat one's supper.

IIpHroxoBHXb yjKHH. To cook one's

supper. BeceflOBaxb aa ymnuoM.To talk at supper. CeroAHfl na yjKHH

pH6a. There is fish for supper to-

day, nocjie ywHHa. After supper.

yaCHHAITb, -JO, -emb, -rox imp./

p. noyjKHHa|xb, -10, -emb, -lox to

have supperBKycHO noy»«HHaxb. To have a tasty

supper.

SSEJl m., gen. ysjia

1. knot. KpeuKHH yaeji. A tight knot.

3aBfl3axb yaeji. To tie a knot.

2. fig. knot, yaeji npoxEBope^HH.

A knot of contradictions.

ySKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

y30K, ysKa, y3K|o, -n; comp. yjKe

1. narrow. ysKan yjinna. A nar-

row street.

VsKHeSpioKH.

Nar-row trousers. BpiOKH nyjKHO cê-

Jiaxb yme. The trousers must be

made narrower.

2. fig. narrow, particular. y3KaHcnennaJibHOCXb. A narrow speci-

ality. y3KHe HHxepecH. Narrowinterests.

3. only short form ysoK, ysKa,

-6, -H too tight. 3x0 njiaxbe ya-

k6 mhc. This dress is too tight

for me.

y3HA|BATb, -K), -emb, -lox imp./

p. y3Ha|xb, -K), -emb, -lox

1. Koro? Hxo? to recognise. Hcpa3y y3HaJi cbok) yjinqy. / rec-

ognised my street at once.

2. HXO? O KOM? o qeM? to

learn, yanaxb HHxepecnyio h6-

Bocxb. To learn interesting news.

Ox Hero MM ysnajiH o nocjie^-

HHX co6biXHflx. We learned the

latest events from him. y3Haxb

MHoro HHxepecHoro. To learn a

lot of interesting things.

3. to know. Co BpeMencM mhy3HaJiH ero Jiyqme. Later we got

to know him better.

y3HATb see ySHABATbyfiTfl see yXOaflTbyKPACHTb see yKPAfflATbyKPACTb see KPACTbyKPAmAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

^xo? HeM? / p. yKpa|cHXb, -my,

-cnmb, -CHX1. to deck. yKpamaxb ropo^ (|)jia-

raMH. To deck a town with flags.

2. to decorate. Llsexti ynpamaiox

KOMHaxy. Flowers decorate a room.

yKPEnflTb see yKPEHJlHTbyKPEHJlHlTb, -H), -emb,^ -lox imp.

Hxo? qeM?//7. yKpe|nHXb, -njiio,

-nnmb, -nnx

1. to fortify. yKpenjifixb ropo^. To

fortify a town.

2. fig. to strengthen. VKpennxbBAOpOBbe. To strengthen one's

health, ynpenjinxb flpywecxBen-

Hbie CBH3H. To strengthen friend-

ly ties.

^JIHIÂ /.

1. street. TjiaBnan yjinna. The

main street. H muBy na yjiHn,e



yjiy 154 VMbl

ropbKOro. / live in Gorky Street.

Hath no yjiHiê. To go along the

street.

2. outside. Bhhth na ynnqy. Togo out. Ha yjiHii,e xojiOAnee, HeM

flOMa. It's colder outside than in-

side.

yjiynniAlTb, -ro, -emb. -rox imp.

1T0?/ p. yjiyHin|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax

to improve

yjiyquiaxb >KH3Hb Hapoâ. To im-

prove the people's life. yjiyqmaTb

yCJiOBHH pa66TLi. To improve working

conditions.

yjiyHfflA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -exCH, -iotch imp. /p.

yjiyqinlHTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -htch, -axcfl to im-

prove

Moe sôpoBbe yjiynrnHjiocb. Myhealth has improved. OTHoraeHHH

uemjiY 3THMH CTpanaMH yjiynmaiOT-

CH. The relations between these coun-

tries are improving.

yjiyHfflHTb see yjiyqiHATbyjiynmHTbCH see yjiyqiHATbCH

yjIbIBA|TbCH, -locb, -embcH, -iotchimp. K M y? HeMy?/p. (momen-

taneous action) yjibi6HlyTbCH, -ycb,

-embCH, -yTCfl to smile

yjibi6HyTbCH Apyry. To smile to a

friend.

yjII>IB|KA /., gen. pi. -ok smile

PaAOCTHaH yjibi6Ka. A joyous smile.

FoBopHTb c yjitiSKOH. To say with

a smile. CMOTpexb na peSeHKa c

JiacKOBOH yjitiSKOH. To look at a

child with a kind smile.yjIblBHyXbCH see yjIblBAXbCHyM m.

1. no pi. intellect, mind, intel-

ligence. rjiySoKHii yM. A pro-

found intellect. HejioBeK 6ojib-

moro yMa. A man of great in-

telligence.

2. intellect. Jlyqmne yMw nejioee-

necTBa. The greatest intellects of

mankind.

<0^ CôxaTb B yMe. To count men-

tally. Mne npHmjio Ha yw. It

occurred to me. JêJiaxb ito-jih-

6o c yMOM. To do something clev-

erly. BosbMHCb 3a yM. Be reason-

able. CoHTH c yMa. To go mad.

BbiTb 6e3 yMa ox Kor6-JiH6o.

To dote on somebody. Bbixb ce6e

Ha yMe. To know which side one's

bread is buttered on. Ym xopomo,a flea jiyime (proverb). Gf. Twoheads are better than one.

yMEHbmAlTbj -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo?/ p. yMeHbm|HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax

to lessen, to reduce

yMenbrnnxb AaBJienne. To lessen

the pressure. yMCHbmHTb CKopoCTb.

To reduce the speed. yMeubmHTbKOJiHHecTBo paGoMHX. To cut downthe number of workers.

yMEHbfflA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch

imp. /p. yMeHbin|HTbCH, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,

-axcH to lessen, to decrease

J]|aBjieHHe yMenbmHJiocb. The pres-

sure has decreased. PaccToauHe Me>K-

Ay qjiMH SmcTpo yMeubmaJiocb. Thedistance between us was fast growing

shorter.

yMEHbinHTb see yMEHbinATbyMEHbfflHTbCH see yMEHblHATb-

CH

yMEPETb see yMHPATbyME|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. usu. -fimp. inf.)p. cyMe|Tb, -lo, -emb, -iot

-f- p. inf. to be able, can

H yMeio HHxaTb. / can read. OhyMeeT nrpaTb b TeuHHC. He can

play tennis. Ona cyMejia AoSnTbCH

yBaHêuHH. She succeeded in winning

respect.

yMHPA|Tb, -K), -emb, -k>t^

imp.f

p. yMepcTb, yMply, -emb, -yT, past

yMep, yMepjia, yMepji|o, -h1. to die. yMepeTb b 6oi6. To die

in battle. yMepeTb ot rojioâ.

To die of hunger.

2. fig. to die. 3th nên ne yMpyT.

These ideas are immortal.

<> yMHpaxb CO cMexy. To die of

laughing. yMnpaxb c roJiOAy (fig.).

To be starving.

yMHiblH, -an, -oe, -we, short form

yMCH, yMHa, yMH|6, -h; adv. yMHoclever

yMHHH HeJioseK. A clever person.

Oh yMCH. He is clever. Oh bcji ce-

6h yMHo. He behaved cleverly.

yMbIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. ko-

r 6? H X o? He m?//?. yMuxb, yMolio,

-emb, -IOT to washyMUBaTb jihi;6 xojioahoh boaoh.



VMbl 155 ycji

To wash one's face with cold water.

VMHEaTB pe6eHKa. To wash a child.

yMblBAlTbCH, -locb, -enibCH, -iotch

imp. êM?/p. yMHTbCfl, yMoIiocb,-embCfl, -IOTCH to wash

yMHBaxbCfl TenjiOH bo;i;6h. To wash

with warm water. yMbiBaTbCH c mh-

JiOM. To wash with soap.

yMKlTbCfl see yMblBATbCHyHHBEPMAr m. department store

U[eHTpaJibHHH yHHBepMar. The cen-

tral department store. Kynnxb najib-

t6 b yHHBepMare. To buy an over-

coat at a department store.

yHHBEPCHTET m.

1. university. Mockobckhh rocy-

jâpcTBeHHHH yHHBepcHxeT. Mos-

cow State University. yqHXbCH

B yHHBepcHxeTe. To study at a

university

.

2, university. yuHBepcHTeT Kyjib-

xypH. A university of culture.

yHHHTOHCAlTb, -K), -euib, -lox imp.

Koro? qxo? ^.Qu>|p. ynnnxo-

H{|HXb, -y, -HDib, -ax to destroy

yHHHx6>KHXb BpajKecKyio apMHK).

To wipe out the enemy army.

yHHHT05KHTb see yHHHTOHCATbynACTb see HAÂTbynOTPEBHTb see ynOTPEBJDlTbynOTPEBJiHiTb, -H), -euib, -lox imp.

mo?/p. ynoxpe|6HXb, -6jii6, -6Hmb,

-6hx to use

ynoxpeSjiflXb nocjioBHi^bi b penn.

To use proverbs when speaking.

ynoxpeSjiHXb HOBbie cjiOBa. To use

new words.

ynPABJlUlTb, -K), -enib, -lox imp.K e M? H e M?

1. to drive. ynpaBjiHXb MamnHofi.

To drive a motor-car.

2. to govern. ynpaBjiHxb cxpanoH.

To govern a country.

ynPAHCHEHHE neut. exercise

JlerKoe ynpa^KnenHe. An easy exer-

cise. TpyjtHoe ynpamneHHe. A dif-

ficult exercise. CêJiaxb ynpaJKne-

HHe. To do an exercise.

ynPHMlbia, -an, -oe, -ue, shortform ynpHM, -a, -0, -h; adv. ynpH-

MO stubborn

ynpHMMH qejiOBCK. A stubborn per-

son. Oh oHCHb ynpHM. He is very

stubborn.

>^POB|EHb m,gen. -hh

1. level. ypoBCHb h{h;^kocxh b

KOJiSe. The level of the liquid in

a flask.

2. fig. standard, level. ypoBenb

MKH3HH Hapoâ. The living stan-dard of the people. KyjibxypHHHypOBeub. The level of culture.

yP05KAB[ m. harvest

BoraxbiH ypomafi. A rich harvest.

Co6paxb ypojKan. To gather in the

harvest.

yPOK m.

1. lesson. HnxepecHMH ypoK. Aninteresting lesson. BHXb na ypo-

Ke. To be at a lesson. Ono3-

âxb Ha ypoK. To be late for a

lesson. ypoK pyccKOro HSHKa.

A Russian lesson.

2. lesson, homework. BuymnhypoK. To learn one's lesson. Cê-

jiaxb ypoKH. To do one's home-

work.

3. fig. lesson. Ilycxb axo Cyêx

BaM ypoKOM. Let that be a lesson

to you.

yCflJlHBAlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

Hxo?/p. ycHJi|Hxb, -K), -nmb, -hx

to strengthen

ycHJiHTb 3HCij,HnjiHHy. To strength-

en discipline. ycHJiHXb Ha6jiio;;e-

HHe. To intensify observation.

yCflJIHBAITbCH, Jst & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -excH, -ioxch imp./

p. ycHJilHXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -hxch, -hxch to in-

crease

niyM ycHjiHJiCfl. The noise was grow-

ing louder.

yCflJlHTb see yCflJIHBATbyCflJIHTbCH see yCflJIHBATbCHyCJiOBHE neut.

1. data, condition. IIoHaxb ycjio-

BHe sa/ta^H. To understand the

data of a problem. 3x0 rjiaBHoe

ycJiOBHe ycnexa. This is the

chief condition for success.

2. only pi. conditions. npHpo^Hbie

ycjTOBHH. Natural surroundings.

ycjiOBHH JKH3HH. Living condi-

tions. Pa66xaxb b xawejibix yc-JiOBHflX. To work under difficult

conditions. Coaâxb HopMajibume

ycJiOBHH ji;jiH paSoxu. To provide

normal conditions for work.

<> B TaKHX (3THX) yCJlOBHflX...

Under such (these) conditions.

yCJIb'IfflATb see CJlKimATb



yen 156 yxo

yCHEBAlTb, -K), -ensh, -K)t imp.

-|- inf./ p. ycnelTb, -lo, -einb, -K)t

usu.-\-p. inf.

1. to have enough time (to dosomething). Oh ycneji npo^HTaxb

KHHry B cpOK. He managed to

finish the book in time. Oh ycneji

npHHTH K ywHHy. He was in

time for supper.

2.: He ycnejin mh Buexaib h3

ropofla, KaK nomeji jio>Kjs,h.

Hardly had we left the town when

it began raining.

3. only imp.: 3tot CTyaeHT He

ycneBaeT no $H3HKe. This stu-

dent is backward in physics.

yCHETb see yCHEBATbycnPiX m. success

ô6HTbCfl ycnexa b paSoxe, To

achieve success in one's work. CnoK-

TaKJib HMCJi 6oJibm6H ycnex. The

performance was a great success.

JKeJiaio BaM ycnexoBl / wish you

success

ycnOKAHBAITb, -H), -emb, -iot imp.

KOTO? / p. ycnoKolHTb, -10, -nmb,

-HT to calm, to reassure

VcnoKOHTb 6ojibH6ro. To reassure

the patient. YcnoKOHTb HepBH. To

calm one's nerves.

ycnOKAHBA|TbCH, -locb, -embCH,

-lOTCH imp. /p. ycnoKOlHTbCfl, -locb,

-nmbCH, -HTCfl

1. to quieten, to become calm. Pe-

6eH0K ycnoKOHjiCH. The child has

quietened. Mope ycnOKOHJiocb.

The sea became calm.

2. to soothe, to abate. Bojib ycno-KOHJiacb. The pain has abated.

3. to rest. He ycnoKaiiBaTbca na

AOCTHrnyTOM. Not to rest on

one's achievements.

ycnOKOHTb see ycnOKAHBATbyCnOKOHTbCH see YCnOKAH-

BATbCHyCTAlBATb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. +

inf. /p. ycTa|Tb, -ny, -nemb, -Hyx

to get tired

Bqepa h oqenb ycxaJi. / got verytired yesterday. Vcxaxb ox cnopa.

To get tired of arguing. Vcxaxb

xanneBaxb. To get tired of dancing.

yCTAJI|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He; adu. ycxa-

Jio tired

VcxajiLiH êJiOBeK. A tired person.

ycxaJiHH BsrJiHfl. A tired look.

ycxajioe JiHn6. A haggard face. OhBMrjiflfleji ycxajio. He looked tired.

yCTATb see yCTABAXb

yCTH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -ue; adv. ycTHOoral

ycxHHH aKaaMCH. An oral examina-

tion. ycxHoe aaHBjienne. An oral

statement. OxBenaxb ycxHO. Toanswer orally.

yCTPAHBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp.

qxo?/p. ycxpolHXb, -10, -nmb, -ht

1. to arrange. Ycxponxb Konqepx.

To arrange a concert. ycxpoHXbBeêp. To arrange an evening'

party.

2. Koro? colloq. to suit. MeHH 6x0

He ycxpaHBaex. That doesn't

suit me.

yCTPOHTb see yCTPAHBATbyCKl, îng. yc used rarely mous-

tache (s)

Jl|jiHHHLie ycH. A long moustache.

HocHXb ycti. To wear a moustache.

yXOHyTb see TOHyXbyXPEHHIHfl, -nn, -ee, -ne morning

yxpcHHee c6jiHn;e. The morning sun.

yxpeHHHH nporyjiKa. A morningstroll.

yXPO neut., dat. pi. no yxpaM morn-

ing

Csemee yxpo. A cool morning. C ca-

MOro yxpa. From early in the morn-

ing. Hnxaxb KHiiry ao yxpa. To

read the book till morning. B 7 Ha-

coB yxpa. At 7 o'clock in the morn-

ing.

yXPOM adv. in the morning

BcxaBaxb pano yxpoM. To get upearly in the morning. 3aBxpa yx-

poM MH Bce pemHM. We'll settle

everything tomorrow morning.

yXiDr m.r gen. -a iron

FopHHHH yxior. A hot iron. Fji^*

^HXb yxioroM. To iron (to press).

yxo neut., pi. ymn, ymen ear

BojibHHe ymn. Bad ears.

<> CKasaTb Ha yxo. To whisper

into somebody's ear. He BepHTb

CBOHM ymaM. Not to believe one'sears. Ho ymii BJiio5HTbCfl b Koro-

JiA6o. To be head over heels in love

with somebody.

yXOJ^flXb, yxoHty, yxoanrab, yxo-

flHX imp./p. yHXH, VHAJy, ^-emb,

-yx, past ymeji, ymji|a, -6, -h to go

away, to leave



yxy 157 <1>AK

Oh KynHJi KHHry h yraeji h3 Mara-

SHHa. He bought the hook and left

the shop. Bee ynijiii na 9KCKypcHH).

Everybody has gone on an excursion.

^ Oh yraeJi c tojioboh b paSoxy.

He is up to his eyes in work.

yxy^niAlTb, -lo, -emb, -lOT imp.

HTO? / p. yxy^niHTb, yxyAmly,-nmb, -ax to make worse

yxy^niHTb CBoe nojiOHCCHHe. To

make one's situation worse.

yxyAfflAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not

used, 3rd pers. -ctch, -iotch imp./

p. yxyj^m|HTbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers.

not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -axca todeteriorate, to become worse

IIojioJKeHHe B CTpaee yxyamnjiocb.

The situation in the country has

deteriorated. SflopoBbe 6oJibH6ro

yxyjimHJiocb. The patient's health

has become worse.

yxÂfflHTb see yxyAmAxbyXÂniHTbCfl see yxyAoiATbCHynACTBIOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

imp. B H e M? to take part

ynaCTBOBaxb b copeBHOBaHHHX. Totake part in competitions

.

yHACTHE neut., no pi. b qeM?participation

ripHHjixb yqacxne b KOHn,epxe. Totake part in a concert.

yHACTHHK m. participant

ynACTlOK m., gen. -Ka

1. section. JIbchoh ynacxoK. A sec-

tion of a forest.

2. sector. Ba>KHHH ynacxoK pa66-

XM. An important sector of work.

3. district. HsSHpaxejibHHH yâ-

cxoK. An electoral district.

yHEBHHK m. text-book

yqeSHHK pyccKoro asuKa. A Rus-

sian text-book. yneSHHK aJth xex-

HHêcKHx HHCXHxyxoB. A text-book

for technical institutes.

yHKBHlbin, -aH, -oe, -ue school,

academic

yneGHWH rOA A school (academic)

year. YqeGnoe nocoSne. An aid to

study, a teaching aid.

yHEHflK m., gen. -a

1. pupil. yqeHHK cpeAHen raKOJiH.

A secondary-school pupil.

2. pupil, disciple. ynemiK snaMe-

HHxoro npo|)eccopa. The famous

professor's pupil.

yHEH|bItt, -an, -oe, -He

1. scientific, academic. YHCHaHcxeneHb. An academic degree.

2. used as n. scientist. HsBecxHbiHyêHHH. A well-known scientist.

ynflTEJIIb m., pi. -n teacher

y^Hxejib (|)H3HKH. A physics teach-

er. Pa66xaxb yqnxejieM b mKOJie,

To work as a schoolmaster. Cxaxb

y^HxejieM. To become a teacher.

ynflTb, yqy, yHHmb, yâx imp.

1. p. Bbiyq|HXb, -y, -nmb, -ax h x o?

to learn. YqHXb ypoK. To learn

one's lesson. Bwy^nxb cxhxoxbo-

penne. To learn a poem.2. p. HayHHXb, Hayqy, Haynnmb,

Haynax ^ e m y? &-}-inf.^ to

teach. yHHXb nnxaxb h nncaxb.

To teach to read and to write.

y^nxb pyccKOMy asHKy. Toteach Russian.

ynflTbCH, yqycb, ynnmbCH, yqaxcH

imp. H e M y? &-f- inf./p. nayqiixb-

CH, Hayqycb, Hay^HiiibCH, nayHaxca

1. to learn, to study. Yraxb-

Cfl njiasaxb. To learn to swim.

ynnxbCH pyccKOMy asLiKy. To

study Russian.

2. no p. to study. Moh 6pax

y^Hxca B yHHBepcHxexe. Mybrother studies at the university.

<^ BeK HCHBH — BBK yqHCfa (prov-

erb). Ci. Live and learn.

yiDTHIblH, -aa, -oe, -bie; adv. yiox-

HO cosy, comfortable

yioxaaa KOMHaxa. A cosy room.

Sjiecb OMeub yioxno. It is very com-

fortable here.

OABPHKA /. factory

TeKCXHJibHaa (J)a6pHKa. A textile

factory. PaSoxaxb aa âSpane. To

work at a factory.

OAKT m. fact

êHCXBHxejibBbiH (|)aKX. A real fact.

OaKXbi roBopax o xom, axo oh 6iiia

npaB. The facts show that he was

right.

OAKyjIbTET m. faculty, department

cDhjioc6(|)CKHH ânyabxex. The phi-

losophy department, yqaxbca aa

XHMHaecKOM (|)aKyabxexe. To study

at the chemistry department. Ilocxy-



<I>AM 158 XAP

HHTb Ha $H3HqeCKHH âKyJILT^T.

To enter the physics department.

OAMflJIHH /. (sur)name

cDaMHJiHH cxyjêHxa. The student'sname. KaK Baiua 4>aMHJiHH? What's

your name? Moh $aMHJiHH HfiaHOB.

My name is Icanov.

OEBPAJI|b m., gen. -a February

B (JeBpaJie âcio 6i>iBaioT Mexejin.

In February there are often snow-

storms. SaBxpa nrixoe (êsipaJiH. To-

morrow is the fifth of February.

Oh yeawaex BOCbMoro (|)eBpaJiH. Heleaves on the eighth of February.

onry^PA/.

1. figure. CxpoHHan (^nrypa. Aslender form. Y ne'e xoponian

(|)Hrypa. She has a good figure.

2. figure. FeoMexpHHecKan (fnrypa.

A geometrical figure.

OflSHKA /. physics

EpoGjiGMH $i]3HKH. The problems

of physics. 3aHHMaxtca 4>h3hkoh.

To study physics. JIckuhh no (|)h-

BHKe. Lectures on physics. fljiepHaa

(|)H3HKa. Nuclear physics.

<DH3flHECK|Hn, -afl, -oe, -ne

1. physical. (DH3HqecKafl cvtna. Phys-

ical strength. 3aHHMaxbCH û-

3HHecKHM xpyfliOM. To do physi-

cal work.

2. physics. OHSHHecKHii $aKyjib-

xex. The physics department.

OH3KyjIbT5^PA /. {= (J)H3HHec-

Kaa Ky-^Lxypa) physical culture

SauHMaxbCH (|)H3KyJitxypoH. To go

in for physical culture. 3aHflXHH

no $H3KyjiBxype. Physical culture

lessons.

OHJIbM m. film

Hayqno-nonyjiHpHHH ^hjilm. Apopular science film. JÔKyMenxaJib-

HMH (J)HJibM. A documentary film.

Xy;;6>KecxBeHHbiH $HJibM. A feature

film.

OJIAP m. flag

Focy/âpcxBeHHHH $Jiar, The nation-

al flag.

OJIOT m. fleet

BoeHHO-MopcKOii (|)Jiox. The navy.

ToproBHH $Jiox. The merchant ma-

rine. BoBAyniHbiH $jiox. The air fleet.

OOHTAH m.

1. fountain. Ha njionâAH 6uji (|)oh-

xaH. There was a fountain in the

square.

2. gusher. He^xHHOH ÔHxaH. Anoil-gusher.

oOpma /.

1. shape. Cxoji KpyrjroH (|)6pMH.A round table. npe^Mex HMeex(|)6pMy uiapa. The object has the

shape of a ball.

2. form. CoaepwaHHe n $6pMa.The content and the form.

3. uniform. BocHHan $opMa. Mili-tary uniform.

<> BbiTb B 4>6pMe. To be in good

form. EbiTb He b ^^^pMe. Notto be in good form.

OOPTOHIKA /., gen. pi. -eu fortochka(a small hinged window pane used

for ventilation)

OxKptixb ôpxoqKy. To open the

fortochka. Cnaxb npn oxKpbixoH

$6ptt)HKe. To sleep with the for-

tochka open.

OOTOAnnAPAT m. camera

CHHMaxb ôxoannapaxoM. To pho-

tograph.

OOTOrPAcDflPlOBATb, -yio, -yemb,

-yiox imp. k o r 6? h x o? / p. c$o-xorpa$Hp|OBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT

to photograph

(Doxorpa^npoBaxb peSeHKa. To pho-

tograph a child.

OPOHT m., pl.^ -LI front

Haxh Ha ^poHX. To go to the front.

CpajKaxbCH Ha (|)p6Hxe. To be fight-

ing at the front.

OP5^KTbI otzZt/ pi. fruit

CBmne ^pyKXbi. Fresh fruit. Uo-

Kynaxb $pyKXH b MarasHHe. To buyfruit at a shop.

OYTBOJI m. football

Hrpaxb B (|)yx66ji. To play football.

CopeBHOBauHH no $yx66jiy. Foot-

ball competitions.

X, X

XAJIAT m. overalls

FaSoHHH xajiax. Overalls. KynaJib-HLiH xaJiax. A bath-robe. JÔM&ni-

HHH xajiax. A dressing-gown.

XAPAKTEP m.

1. character. CHJibHWH xapaKxep.

A strong character. TBepflWH xa-

paKxep. A strong character. Bo-

jieB6H xapaKxep. A strong-willed



XBA 159 XOJl

person. HepxH xapaKxepa. Traits

of character.

2. nature. XapaKxep mgcthocth.

The nature of the country.

XBAJIfiTb, xBajiK), xBaJiHinb, XBajiHx

imp. Koro? hto? 3a hto?/

p. noxBajiHTb, noxBajiio, noxBa-

jiHmb, noxBajiHT to praise

XBajiHTb yqeHHKa sa xopomnH ot-

Bex. To praise a pupil for his good

answer. XBaJiiixb hobmh cxanoK.

To praise a new machine-tool.

XBATAiTb^, -K), -enib, -lox imp. ko-to? Hxo?//>. cxBaxHXb, cxBany,

cxBaxnmb, cxBaxHx to seize

Oh cxBaxHJi mchh 3a pyny. Heseized my hand.

XBATAlTb^, -ex, past -jio impers.,

imp. I p. XBaxHXL, XBaxHx, past

XBaxHJio to have enoughMm xBaxHX BpeMenn cj;ejiaxb ypoKU.

They'll have enough time to do their

lessons. EMy ne XBaxaex BpeMenu

xopomo yqnxb ypoKH. He has no

time to learn his lessons well.

<> 3Toro emie hg XBaxaJio As if

we didn't have enough trouble with-

out that

XBATflTb see XBATATb^XBOCT m., gen. -a tail

XHMflHECKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne

1. chemical. XnMHqecKHH aJieMenx.

A chemical element.

2. chemistry, chemical. XfiMHê-

CKHH âKyjibxex. The chemistry

department. XnMitqecKaH JiaSo-

paxopHH. A chemical laboratory.

XflMHH /. chemistry

HeopraHuqecKaa xhmhh. Inorganic

chemistry. OpramiqecKafl xhmhh.

Organic chemistry. Hsyiiaxb xhmhk).

To study chemistry.

XflTPlbin, -aH, -oe, -He

1. cunning, crafty. XnxpbiH nejio-

BeK. A cunning person. XHxpLie

rjia3a. Crafty eyes. XnxpanyjibiSKa. A cunning smile.

2. fig. tricky. XiixpHH Bonpoc. Atricky question.

XJIEB m.

1. no pi. bread. BejiMii xJie6. White

bread. êpHHH XJie6. Brownbread. CBeJKHH xJie6. Fresh

bread. MarKHH xjieG. Soft bread.

HepcxBHH xjie6. Stale bread.

2. pi. xjieSbi, gen. pi. xJie6oB loaf.

KpyrJiHH xjie6. A round loaf.

3. pi. xJie6a, gen. pi. xjieSoB corn.

ySopKa xJie66B. The corn har-

vest.

XJIOniOK m., gen. -Ka cotton

XOJl,flTb, xojKy, xo^Hmb, xoji^fiT imp.

(cf. CX0AHTb2)1. to walk. On AOJiro xo^hji no

KOMuaxe. He walked about the

room for a long time.

2. to go. êxH xdjiiiT B mKOJiy.

Children go to school. Ohh Macxo

xoztHX B rocxH. They often go

visiting. Ka}Kji;yio cy656xy cxy-ênxLi xojifiT na Benepa. Every

Saturday the students go to eve-

ning-parties.

3. to wear. Oh Bcerji;a xo/^hx b nep-

HOM KOcxiOMe. He always wears

a black suit.

<> Xo^HTb neiiiKOM. To go on foot.

X03I1HH m., pi. xoBflGBa, xosaeB

1. host. Xo3flHH flOMa. The master

of the house. Xobhhh npurJiacHJi

rocxen k cxoJiy. The host askedthe guests to take their places at

table.

2. owner, master. XoaanH yca^b-

6li, $a6pHKH. The owner of an

estate, factory. \\ fig. Xo3HHHCBoero BpeMeuH. The master of

one's time. Xo3hhh cboch cy;i,b-

6li. The master of one's own

destiny.

X03HHCTB0 neut.

1. no pi. economy. CouHaJiHCXHêc-

Koe xo3flHCXBO. Socialist econo-

my. Hap6;i;Hoe xoshhcxbo. Na-

tional economy. CeJibCKoe X03flH-

CXBO. Agriculture.

2. farm. KojineKXHBHoe xobhh-

CXBO. A collective farm. Uepejô-

Boe X03fjHCXB0. A progressive

farm. OxcxaJioe xoshhcxbo. Abackward farm.

XOJIOAflJIbHHK m. refrigerator

JIÔCTdiRh MaCJIO H3 XOJIOAHJIbHHKa

Get the butter out of the refrigera-

tor/

XOJIOJi;Hlblfl. -an, -oe, -He, short

form xojiOAen, xojioahsI, x6jioah|o,

-Bi; adv. xoJioAHO

1. cold. XoJiOAHHH Bexep. A cold

wind. XoJio/iHHH ân. Cold tea.

2. fig. cold. XojioAHHH oxBex. A



XOP 160 UBE

cold answer. XoJionHLie OTHOrae-

HHH. Cold relations. Xojioahlih

BsrJiHA- A cold look. Oh OTBe-

THJi x6jio;tHO. He answered coldly.

\predic. impers. Ha yjiHU,e 6hjio

xoJioflHO. It was cold outside.

•0- IIOJIHTHKa XOJIOAHOH BOHHU.

Cold war policy.

XOPOIIIIHfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form

xopoui, -a, -6, -h; adv. xopomo;

comp. jiyHme (q. v.) good

XopomaH noroâ. Fine weather. Xo-

poiuee HacTpoeHHG. A good mood.

XopouiHH roJTOc. A good voice. Xopo-

lUHH OTBGT. A good auswer. XopomoHrpaTL B maxMaxH. To play chess

well. 3to ohghl xopomo. It is very

good.\predic. impers. Xopomo 6uno

3a ropoflOMl It was good in the

country Xopomo 6ti noexaxb 3a

ropofl It would be good to go to

the country

<> Bcero xoporaero All the best

XOTETb, xoMy, xoqemb, xonex, xothm,

XOTHTG, xoTHT imp. ^ B T 6? or-\-

inf./p. 3axoTeTb, 3axoqy, 3ax6-Hcmb, saxoHGT, saxoTiiM, aaxoTHxe,

aaxoxHx to wantOh xoxeji bhagxl gg. He wanted to

see her. PgGgbok xotgji KOfl(|)GX.

The child wanted some sweets. Hxony, Hxoobi xbi npnmGji cevojjjaa.

BGHGpoM. / want you to come to-

night.

XOTETbCH impers. xo^Gxcfl imp.

KOMy? Horo? or -f ^^/- //>•

saxoxGXbCH, 3ax6qGxcfl to wantMhg xohgxch noiixH b xcaxp. / want

to go to the theatre. Mhg xohgxch

nnxb. / am. thirsty. Euf xoxGJiocb

CKOpGG noHXH K HGH. He wanted to

go to her as soon as possible.

XOTH (XOTb) conj. though

IlyXGraGCXBGHHHKH flBHHyJIHCb B

nyxb, xoxH 6mjio xgmho. The trav-

ellers started on their journey though

it was dark.

XPABP|WBf, -an, -og, -wg; adv. xpa6-

po bravG

XpafipbiH coJinax. A brave soldier.

XpaSpbiH nocxynoK. A brave ac-

tion. XpaSpo cpajKaxbCH. To fight

bravely.

XPAH|flTb, -10, -Hfflb, -Hx imp. hxo?1. to keep. XpaHHXb Macjio b

xoJiOflHJiLHHKe. To keep butter in

a refrigerator.

2. to kGGp. XpaHHXb nncbMa flpy-

ra. To keep one's friend's let-

ters. XpaHHXb B naMflXH 66pa3

MaxGpn. To keep the image of

one's mother in one's memory.

XyaOHCECTBEHHIblfl, -an. -og, -ue

artistic

XyAOHtGCXBGHHOG npOH3BGAGHHG. Awork of art. XyflOHtGcxBGHHaH jih-

xGpaxypa. Fiction. Xy;^6>KGCXBGH-

HMH $HJibM. A feature film.

<^ XyAOHcecTBCHHafl caMonenTejib-

HOCTb. Amateur theatricals.XYAOHCHHK m.

1. artist, painter. TajiaHXjiHBbiH

xyflOJKHHK. A gifted artist.

2. mastGF. XyAOHtHHK cjiona. Afnaster of elocution.

XyjXlOU, -aH, -06, -HG thin

XyAOH pgSghok. a thin child.

X^5KE comp. of adj. nJioxoH & adv.

njioxo

1. worsG, not so good. IIoroAa

CGroAHH xywG, qGM BHGpa. To-

day the weather is not so good

as it was yesterday.

2. worsG. Oh qyBcxBycx CG6fl xy-

5KG, tiGM BHGpa. He feels worse

than he did yesterday.

I|AP|b m., gen. -A

1. tsar. PyccKHH i;apb. Tlie Rus-

sian Tsar.

2. king. Iâpb sBGpcH. The king of

animals. Hapb nxHi5. The king of

birds.

<0> Hpii qape Topoxe. In olden

times. Be3 iâpa e rojioee. None

too clever.

I^BElCTft, -xy, -xeuib, -xyx, past nBeji,

nBGJi|a, -6, -H imp to blossom

I^BGxex CHpGHb. The lilacs are in

blossom. BHmHH ijBexex. The cherry-

trees are in blossom.

I^BET m., pl.-& colour

KaKoro nBexa Bamc naJibxo? What

colour is your coat? ITajibxo ceporo

itBGxa. A grey coat. IlJiaxbH npKHX

nBGxoB. Gay-coloured dresses.

I^BETII|Ofl, -an, -6e, -hg colourGd

I4BGXHMe KapaHAaran. Coloured



UBE 161 HAfl

pencils. I^BexHOH $H''iI'M. A colour

film.

<0> I^BeTHwe MexaJiaw. Non-ferrous

metals.I^BET|OK m.y gen. -Ka; pi. i;BeTM,

itBexoB flower

^yuiHCTtie i^BexLi. Sweet-smelling

flowers. BHpamHBaxb u,bctli. To

grow flowers. Ona npnuiJia c ubct-

KOM B BOJiocax. She came with a

flower in her hair.

IÊJIHHA /. virgin soil

IIoAHHMaTB i;ejiHHy. To plough

virgin lands. OcBaHBaiL i],ejiHHy.

Tobring virgin lands under the

plough.

IÊJI|OBATL, -yio, -yeiub, -yrox imp.

Koro? ^T0?//7. noqejiloBaxB, -yio,

-yemfc, -yiox to kiss

lêjiOBaxb peSeHKa. To kiss a child.

non;ejiOBaxB MaxB. To kiss the moth-

er.

U,EJIlOBATbCH, -yrocB, -yeiuBCH,

-yioxcfl imp. c k e M?/p. noinejilo-

BaxBCfl, -yiocB, -yeniBCH, -yiorcH to

kiss one another

KpenKO noi;ejiOBaxBCfl c ^pyroM.

To kiss one's friend affectionately.

I^l^JIIWfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form

i;en, êJIa, EteJi|o, -u

1. unbroken. CxaKan ynaJi, ho oc-

xaJiCH ii;eJiBiM. The glass fell,

but it did not break.

2. only complete form whole. OhEBinnji uiejiBiH KyBniHH BOj\bi. Hedrank the whole jug of water.

<0> Iêji II HeepeAHM. Safe and

sound.

ÊJlb /.

1. target. CxpejiHXB b i^cjib. To

shoot at a target.

2. objective. IIocxaBHXB ce6e n;ejiBio.

To set oneself as an objective.

JôcxHHB CBOGH neJiH. To achieve

one's objective. ôShxbch hcjih.

To succeed in one's aim. LJejiB

WH3HH. One's object in life.

<> C uejibio, B iêjiflx.,. With the

object of...

IÊHA /., ace. ri;eHy; pi. u,eHU

1. price. BucoKaH D;eHa. A high

price. HiisKHG n;eHBi. Low prices.

IJ[eHa KOCxioMa. The price of

a suit. noBMinaxB nieHBi na

npOAyKXBi. To raise prices of

food-stuffs. CHHHâxB i;eHBi Ha

11—4002

o;i;e>Kfly. To cut the prices of

clothes. noBMuieHHe ii,eH na 10%(npoi;eHxoB). A 10 per cent

price rise. CnHmeHHe i;eH na20% (^poêHXOB). A 20 per cent

price cut.

2. fig. value.

<> JIio56ii u,eH6M. At any price.

IÊHTP m.

1. centre. Iênxp ropoâ. The centre

of the city (town). B D;eHxpe

ropoAa. In the centre of the town.

2. centre. PaHOHHBin iênxp. Thecentre of a region. npoMBimjieH-

HBieueHxpM cxpauBi. The

in-

dustrial centres of the country.

L(eHxp HayKH. A scientific centre.

<0> Iênxp TawecTii, The centre of

gravity.

Il.EHTPAJIbHlI>lfl[, -an, -oe, -Bie cen-

tral

L(eHxpaJiBHBiH xejierpa(|). The cen-

tral telegraph office. IêHxpaJiBHMO

rasexu. Central newspapers. I][eHX-

paJiBHLie yjiHU.Bi. Central streets.

IÊIIb /., prepos. o nenn & na uenH1. chain. Co6aKa na ncum. The

dog is on a chain.

2. fig. chain. LJenn rop. Chains of

mountains.

IÊPKOBb /., gen. i;epKBH; pi. nepK-

BH, itepKBen, uepKBaM, etc. church

CxapHHHaH i;epKOBB. An old church.

IÊX m., prepos. b n;exy & o (b)

nexe; pi. n.exa (work)shop

HaâJiBHHK uexa. A shop foreman.

Pa66xaxB b n;exy (n.exe). To work

at a shop.

I^HPK m. circus

EoHxii B unpK. To go to the cir-

cus. B uHpKe Shjio MHoro napofly.

There were many people at the cir-

cus.

IJ,0a)PA /. figure

Pe6eH0K yqujiCH nncaxB nn^pM.

The child was learning to write fig-

H, 1

^lAfl m.

1. tea. rpysHHCKHH qafi. Georgian

tea. riHXb Han. To drink tea.

HaniKa Han. A cup of tea. Kp^n-

KHH qan. Strong tea. TKaj^Knii

Han. Weak tea.



MAft 162 MEP

2. tea. BeceAOBaxL 3a «iaeM. To

talk over tea.

<> npiujiacHTb iia laiDKy «ian. To

ask to tea.HAflHHK m. teapot; teakettle

HAC m., gen. naca & »iaca (with car-

dinal num.), prepos. o ^lace, b »iace

& B... Macy; pi. -w hour

KoTopuii qac? What time is it?

B Mac jiufi. At one o'clock in the

afternoon. B iieTBepxoM nacy. Be-

tween 3 and 4 o'clock. Hepea ABa

Haca. In two hours. Ono3ji,aTb Ha

âc. To be an hour late. Tpn âca

iipojiexejiH HeaaMexHO. Three hours

flew by without anyone noticing it.

<> HacM niiK. The rush hours.

B A66pbiH «iae Good luck

HACTHlblK, -an, -oe, -ue

1. particular. MacxHtiii cjiyqafl.

A particular case. HacxiiuH bo-

npoc. A particular question.

2. private. HacxuaH coGcxBeuHOcxb.

Private property.

4ACT0 adv., comp. âme (q.v.) often

Hacxo Bcxpeâxb îcjioBeKa. To meeta person often. Macxo xofliixb b

xeaxp. To go to the theatre often.

Hacxo Gojiexb. To be often ill.

HACT|b /., gen. pi. -efi

1. part. Hacxb MauiiinH. A part of

a machine. BoJibinaH nacxb

AOMa 6unai aannxa cxojiOBoii.

Most of the house was occupied

by a dining-hall. Hacxb JnoêH

ynijia c coBpanHH. Some people

left the meeting.2. part. HepBafl ^lacxb poMana. The

first part of the novel.

3. part. MacxH CBexa. Parts of the

world.

MACtl pi., no sing, timepiece

Pyniiue Hacti. A wrist watch. Gxeii-

Hbie Macbi. A wall clock. Macw ciie-

luaxiia 5 MHnyx. The clock is 5 min-

utes fast. Hacbi oxcxaiox ua 3 mh-

uyxw. The clock is 3 minutes slow.

Hacbi HAYT xopomo. The clock keeps

good time. Hacbi ocxaiiOBHJiHCb. The

clock has stopped. Hacbi cxohx. The

clock doesn't go.

HAUIIKA /., gen. pi. -ck cup

âHHaH qaiHKa. A teacup. Koêfi-

uaH HamKa. A coffee cup. Bwuhtb

nauiKy âio. To drink a cup of tea.

HAIU,E comp. of adv. qacTO oftener

PaHbuie xbi xoAHJi ko mhc qame.You used to come and see me oftener.

fl name xeSji xowy b khho. / goto the cinema oftener than you do.

^lEfl, HbH, »ibe, ^bH pron. whoseHeu bTO cjiOBapb? Whose dictionary

is it? Hbn &X0 xexpa^B? Whosecopy-book is this? Hbe bro nepo?

Whose pen is this? HbH ^xo KHMra?Whose books are these?

HEfl-TO, HbH-xo, »ibe-xo, qbii-xo pron.

somebody's

fl no omiiGKC b3Hji neii-xo nopx-

(|)ejib. / took somebody's brief-case

by mistake.

MEJIOBEK m., pi. jiioah, JHOacm, jiio-

AHM, jnoAbMii, o jiioAflx man, person

CboGoahum iiejiOBeK. A free person.

XopjimHH ^lejiOBeK. A good person.

llac Gbijio HHXb iiejiOBCK. There

were five of us.

O Mojiojs,6ime:iOBeK. A young man.

MEJI0BE4ECK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne

1. human. HejiOBenecKoe 66mecxBO.Human society.

2. humane, kind. HejiOBeqecKoe

oxHomeHne. Humane attitude.

MEJIOBEHECTBO neut. mankindMEM conj. than

Bpax cxapmc, icm cecxpa. The

brother is older than the sister. Onnpnmeji nosAuee, »ieM Bêpa. Hecame later than yesterday.

<> MeM paHbme, tgm jiymne. Theearlier, the better.

HEMOj[ÂH m. suit-case, trunk

MEMIIHOH m. championMeMnnon no maxMaxaM. A chess

champion. MeMnnoH no njiaBannio.

A swimming champion.

MEPE3 prep. + ace.

1. across. ITepeiixH qepe3 njiouiaAfc.

To cross a square, riepenjiijxb

Mepea peny. To swim across a

river.

2. over. Epbirnyxb qepea aaSop.

To jump over a fence.

3. through. Bjieaxb ^lepea okho. Toclimb through the window. Haxhqepea Jiec. To go through the

wood.

4. in. Oini Bepnyjmcb qepea MecHi;.

They returned a month later.

Mepea xpii aha oh yexaji. Heleft in three days.



MEP 163 HTO

5. every other.... ripHHHMaTB lie-

KapcTBO qepea qac. To take med-

icine every other hour. Xoamtl

Kyaa-jiHSo Hepe3 aghb. To gosomewhere every other day.

HEPHflJIA pi., no sing, ink

HepHtie HepHHJia. Black ink. IlHcaTij

HepHHjiaMH. To write in ink.

qfiPHlBIfl, -an, -oe, -ue black

êpHBie BOJiocM. Black hair.

<0> HepHbiM xjie5. Brown bread.

Hepnafl HKpa. Black caviare. Hep-

Hwii K64>e. Black coffee.

4EPT m., pi. ijepxH, qepxeH devil

OIIocjiaTb K qepxy. To send to hell.

HepT B03bMH The deuce take it

HepT c hhm Let him go to hell

HEPTA /.

1. line. npoBecTii nepTy. To draw

a line.

2. boundary. Hepxa ropoAa. Thecity (town) boundary.

3. trait, êpibi xapaKxepa. Traits

of character.

<> Hepxbi JiHU,a. Features.

HECTHlblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short form^lecxeH, necxHa, ^lecxHlo, -li; adv.

HecxHO honest

HecxHfciH HeJiOBeK. An honest per-

son. HecxHLie rjiaaa. Honest eyes.

nocxynnxb ^lecxHO. To act hon-

estly.

<> JâTb HecTHoe cjiobo. To give

one's word of honour.

HETBEPO num. four

MexBepo flpyaen. Four friends. II

GbiJio MexBepo. There werefour of

them.

METBEPT|b /., gen. pi. -en

1. quarter. MexBepxb H6jiOKa. Aquarter of an apple.

2. quarter. êxBepxb naca. A quar-

ter of an hour. Bea êxBepxH

nflXb. It is a quarter to five.

Ceiiâc nexBepxb mecxoro. It is

a quarter past five.

HHHflTb, HHHio, imHHUib, HHHHx imp.

4X0? I p. noqHHHxb, oomhhk), no-

iiHHHuib, noTOHHx to mendXIoHHHHXb nacw. To mend a watch.

Înmrxb nocKit. To mend socks.

HHCJIO neut., pi. qiicjia, qiiceji, hhc-

jiaM, etc.

1 number. IêJioe hhcjio. A whole

number. Bojibmoe qncJio jnoêH.

A large number of people. Bbixb

11*

B qncjie apyaen. To be amongone's friends.

2. date. KaKoe cero^HH qncjio?

What is the date today? B nepBWxqncJiax Mapxa. Early in March.

<> B TOM »iiicjie... Including...

Hfl|CTHTb, -my, -cxnmb, -cxhx imp.

H T 0? II e M?

1. p. noHH|cxHxb, -my, -cxHmb,

-CXHX to clean. Hhcxhxb syGbi

mexKoii. To clean one's teeth

with a toothbrush. îicxHXb 6o-

XHHKH. To clean one's boots.

2. p. OHH|cxHXb, -n];y, -cxnmb, -cxhx

to peel. HncxHXb KapxomKy.To peel potatoes. OnHCXHXb aneJib-

CHH^ To peel an orange.

HHCT|bIH, -an, -oe, -He, short formHHcx, HHCxa, 4Hcx|o, -m; adv. qiicxo;

comp. mime1. clean. ^hicxaH BOâ. Clean wa-

ter. Hncxbie pyKH. Clean hands.

Hncxan py5amKa. A clean shirt.

2. pure. Hiicxoe sojioxo. Pure gold.

Mncxan mepcxb. Pure wool.

3. fig. clear. HncxaH coBecxb. Clearconscience. FoBopiixb na »ihcxom

pyccKOM H3HKe. To speak good

Russian. Gji,eJiaxb noAsipOK ox

uiicxoro cepAU;a. To give a pre-

sent without any ulterior motives.

HHTAjTb, -K), -emb, -lox iinp. q x o?/

p. npoHHxa|xb, -K), -emb, -lox

1. to read, ^nxaxb rasexy. To read

a newspaper. Hnxaxb HymKHHa.To read Pushkin. Hnxaxb BCJiyx.

To read aloud. Hnxaxb npo ce-

6h. To read to oneself.

2. to deliver. Hnxaxb JieKi^Hio.

To deliver a lecture.

HJIEH m. memberÎjien ccMbii. A member of the fa-

tuity. Hjien napxHH. A member of

a party, ^jichm npaBiixeJibcxBa.

Members of the government.

HTEHHE fieut.

1. reading. Knura ajih hxcuhh. Areader, a reading book.

2. reading. ÔMamnee Hxenne.

Home-reading.

HTO^ [mxo] pron., gen. qero [hhboI,

dat. ^CMy, ace. qxo, instr. ôm,

prepos. o »]eM what

Mxo ACJiaxb? What is to be done?

Mxo OH CKasaJi? What did he say?

'leM OH AyMaex? What is he



HTO 164 UIAP

thinking about? H CKaaaJi, mo jiytAaJi.

I said what I thought.

<> Hto ô 3a Bemb? What sort

of thing is that?HTO^ [uiTo] conj. that

fl AyMajia, *iTO 3X0 HHiepecHO. /

thought it would be interesting.

HTOBW [uiToeti] conj.

1. in order (to) or rendered by the

inf. Ht66u xopomo SHaxb HawK,

HaAO MHoro saHHMaTtcfl. To

know a language well one must

study a lot. Oh BCxaJi oieHL pa-

HO, ht66h He OHosAaxb. He got

up very earlyin order not to be

late.

2. that. Bee jiioah na seMJie xoxht,

m66u He 6wjio bohhw. All the

people in the world wish that

there should be no war. BaM npo-

CHJiH nepeAaxb, qx66M bu npn-

mjiH saBxpa. They asked me to

tell you to come tomorrow.

HTO-HHBS^^B [mxo-] pron., gen. ne-

r6-HH6yAb [qHBO-] , dat.neMy-HJi6yji,h,

ace. HXo-HH6yflb, instr. iieM-HHSyAt,

prepos. qeM-HH6yAi> something

PaccKajKH MHe HT6-iiu6y}ib. Tell me

something.

HTO-TO [fflxo-] pron., gen. qoro-xo

[qHBO-], dat. qeMy-xo, ace. hx6-xo,

instr. qeM-xo, prepos. o qcM-xo

something

Hx6-xo ynaJio b coceAHea KOMHaxe.

Something fell in the adjoining

room.

HS^BCTBO [qycxBa] neut. feeling

HcHbixaxb rjiySoKoe qyBcxBO pa-

flOcxH. To feel great joy. HyBCXBo

coJiHAapHOCXH. A feeling of solidar-

ity.

-H^BCTBIOBATb [qycxBasaxb], -yio,

-yemb, -yiox imp. q x o?/p. noqVBCx-

BlOBaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox to feel

HyBCXBOBaxb 6ojib. To feel a pain.

rioqyBcxBOBaxb rojiOA- To feel

hungry. HyscxBOBaxb rJiyGoKoe

yBawcHHe. To have profound re-

spect.

<> KaK Bbi ceSfl qyacTsyeTe? Howdo you feel? R qyBCTByio ce6^

njioxo (xopomo). / feel bad (all

HyAfiCHlMH, -an, -oe, -ue, short

form qyAeccH, qyaecHla, -o, -m;

adv. qyA^CHO wonderful

^yAecHan AenymKa. A wonderful

girl. MyAeceaH norOAa. Wonderful

weather, fl qyAecHO ce6H qyBcxByio.

/ feel fine.Hym\OVl, -an, -6e, -ne

1. somebody else's. Hymoik nopx-

^Jib. Somebody else's brief-case.

2. strange. Hymoii qeJiOB^K. Astrange man.

3. foreign. ^yjKafl seMJiH. A for-

eign land.

MYJIOK m., gen. qyjiKa; pi. qyjiKH,

qyjioK, qyjiKaM, etc. stocking

HpocxLie qyjiKH. Ordinary stock-

ings. niepcxflHbie qyjiKH. Woollen

stockings. KanponoBbie qyjiKH. Kap-ron stockings.

HyXb adv. nearly, scarcely

Oh qyxb He onosAaJi na noesA. HewasMiearly late for his train. OhroBopHJi qyxb cibimno. He spoke

scarcely audibly.

^YTh'HSTb adv. nearly, a little bit

fl qyxb-qyxb ne ynaJi. / nearly

fell. ToBopii qyxb-qyxb rpoMqe.

Speak a little louder.

m, m

IIIAr m., gen. mara & mara (with

cardinal num.); pi. marn

1. step. ninpoKHH mar. A long

step.

2. fig. step. 3x0 hobmh mar bhc-

peA- This is a new step forward.

<> Ham AOM HaxoAHTCH b AByx

marax ot ocTaeoBKH TpaMsan.Our house is a few steps away

from a tram stop. Ha Ka»<AOM

mary BCTpeqaJiHCb MarasHHU.

There were shops at every step.

lIlAniKA /., gen. pi. -ok cap

MexoBaH manKa. A fur cap. Ho-

ciixb manKy. To wear a cap. Xo-

AHXb 6e3 manKH. To go without a

cap.

niAP m., pi. -M

1. sphere, lênxp mapa. The centre

of a sphere. PaAHyc mapa. The

radius of a sphere.

2. globe. SeMHOH map. The terres-

trial globe. BoaAyniHHH map.

A balloon.

niAPO m. scarf

TenjiMH map$. A warm scarf.



UJAX 165 UIVM

llIAXMATbl pi., no sing, chess

Hrpaxb B maxMaxH. To play chess.

HeMnHOH MHpa no maxMaxaM. The

world chess champion.fflAXTA /. mine, pit

yrojibnaa maxxa. A coal mine.

ô5HBaxB yrojib b raaxxe. To mine

coal in a pit.

lUEJIK m., pi. uienKa silk

IlJiaxbe H3 mejiKa. A dress made

of silk. HaxypaJibHHH mejiK. Natu-

ral silk. HcKyccxBeHHMH mejiK.

Artificial silk.

lUEjIKOBIbin, -an, -oe, -me silk

inejiKOBMH njiaxoK. A silk scarf.niejiKOBaa pySaniKa. A silk shirt.

inEnOTOM adv. in a whisper

ToBopiixb menoxoM. To speak in a

whisker.

niEIITATb, menqy, menqenib, nien-

qyx imp. qxo? KOMy?/p. npo-

raenxaxb, npomenny, npomennemb,

nporaenqyx to whisper

FyGbi ee hx6-xo menxaJin. Her lips

were whispering something. Oh npo-

menxaJi hobocxb na yxo cocefl;y.

He whispered the news into his

neighbour's ear.

mEPCTb /., no pi.

1. hair (of an animal). J^jinHHan

mepcxb. Long hair.

2. wool. FpySaH mepcxb. Coarse

wool.

3. wool. KocxioM H3 HHCXOH mep-

cxH. A suit of pure wool.

niepcxb Ha njiaxbe. A length of

woollen material for a dress.

fflEPCTHHIOfl, -an, -6e, -we woollen

niepcxHHMe HOCKH. Woollen socks.

niepcxHHoe Hjiaxbe. A woollen

dress.

in£H /. neck

Jl^JiHHHaH mefl. A long neck. Toh-

KaH mefl.^ thin neck. Howixb 6y-

CH Ha raee. To wear beads around

one's neck.

<0> CHrtexb Ha raee y poJ^HTeJIeH.

To be on one's parents' hands.

niHPOKIHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short formmnpoK, -a, -6, -h; adv. mnpoKo;comp. ffliipe

1. broad, wide. IIlHpoKaH pcKa.

A wide river. ElnpoKHH none.

A broad belt. H xo^y, hx66li

i66Ka 6HJia mnpe. / want the

skirt wider.

12—4002

2. fig. ninpoKHe bosmojkhocxh.

Great possibilities. DlHpoKaH na-

xypa. A generous person.

3. only short form too wide. IlJiaxbe

MHe mnpoKO b noHce. The dress

is too large in the waist for me.

niHTb, mb|io, -emb, -lox, imper. menimp. Hxo? KOMy? HeMy? / p.

cmnxb, cofflb|i6, -emb, -lox to sew,

to makeniHXb njiaxbe j^jia Aonepii. Tomake a dress for one's daughter.

Cranxb KOCXIOM b axeJibe. To have

a costume made at a dressmaker's.

inKAO m., prepos. b mKa(|)y & omKa(|)e; pi. mKa^tiKhhjkhhh mKa$. A bookcase. Khh-ra cxoHX b mna^y na noJiKe. Thebook is on a shelf in the bookcase.

IlJiaxHHOH raKa$. A wardrobe. He-

cropaeMBiii mKa(|). A safe.

mKOJIA /.

1. school. yqnxbCH b mKOJie. Togo to school. Hocxynnxb b mKO-Jiy. To enter school. OKonqiixb

mKOJiy. To finish school.2. fig. school. Oh npomeji xopo-

myio mKOJiy jkhbhh. Life has

been a good school to him.

<> HaîajibHaa raKOJia. A primary

school. CpeflHHH raKOJia. A sec-

ondary school. Bbicman mKojia.

A higher school. MysbiKa.ibHafl

mKojia. A musical school. IIIko-

Jia-HHTepnaT. A boarding-school.

mJIIInA /. hat

BeceHHHfl mJiana. A spring hat.niJiana c mnpoKHMH nojiaMH. Awide-brimmed hat.

inOCCE neut., indecl. highwayExaxb no mnpoKOMy mocce. To

drive along a wide highway. Bji;0Jib

mocce pacxyx nepeBba. There are

trees on both sides of the highway

inOOfiP m. chauffeur, driver

Dloêp xaKCH. A taxi-driver.

milHOH m. spy

mxyKA /. piece, thing10 mxyK nannpoc. 10 cigarettes.

fflYM m.

1. noise, sound. Mh ycnHmajmCHJibHHH rayM. We heard a loud

noise. UlyM AOatâ. The sound

of rain.

2. fig. row. IIOAHFixb myM BOKpyr



uiyM 166 3J1E

co6uTHH. To raise a hue and

cry over an event.

myiMETb, -MJiK), -MHmb, -MAT imp.

to make a noiseMope rayMHT. The sea is noisy.

J\eTU myMHT. The children are mak-

ing a noise.

inyXfiTb, my^y, myTHinb, myxHTimp. /p. norayTHTb, nomy^y, no-

myTHmb, norayxHT

l/to joke. fflyxHTb c flpysbHMH.

To joke with one's friends.

2. Hafl KeM? to joke. IQyTHTb

Hafl pacceflHHHM TOBapHmeM. To

joke at an absent-minded friend.

III^TIKA /., gen. pi. -ok joke

OcxpoyMHan myxKa. A witty joke.

3Jiafl myxKa. A malicious joke.

-«0» GKasaTb b myxKy. To say (some-

thing) in jest.

n^, m

mE^PIBIfl, -aa, -oe, -He

1. generous. IHe;tpHH xosahh. A

generous host. Iê;^poe ceipjme.A generous heart.

2. fig. lavish, rich, meapan npn-

p6fl;a. Lavish nature. JHêjiipuu

ypojKan. A rich harvest.

mEKA /., ace. n;eKy; pi. h^Skh, ntCK,

meKaM, etc. cheek

m£T|KA /., gen. pi. -ok brush

3y6Hafl n;exKa. A toothbrush. IHex-

Ka fl;jifl oêjKAM. Clothes-brush. Ca-

nownan niexKa. A shoe-brush. Hric-

XHXb mexKOHxy(|)JiH.

Toclean

one's shoes with a brush.

3, a

3K3AMEH m. examination

TpyflHHH aKsaMen. A difficult

examination. JTerKHH aKsaMen. Aneasy examination. FocyflapcxBeHnHH

SKSaMeH. A State examination.

CflaBaxb (cAaxb) aKsaMCH. To take

(pass) an examination. HpOBajiHTb-CH Ha 3K3aMeHe. To fail in an

examination.

3KOH0MHKA /. no pi. economics

SKOHOMHKa CeJIbCKOrO XOSHHCXSa.

The economics of agriculture.

3KOH0MHH /. no pi.

1. economy. Bkohomhh aneprHH.

The economy of energy. Co6jik)-

flaxb 3KOh6mhk). To observe econ-

omy.

2. economy. IIojiHXHHecKafl 3koh6-MHH. Political economy.

3KPAH m. screen

3KpaH xejieBHSopa. The screen of a

T.V. set. 3KpaH b KHHoaaJie. Thescreen in a cinema. niHpoKHH aK-

paH. A wide screen Ha aKpanaxKHHOxeaxpoB fleMOHCxpHpyexcfl h6-

BHH $HJibM. A new film is on at

the cinemas.

3KCKyPCHH /. excursion

BaropoflHaHaKCKypcHH.

Anouting

to the country. 3KCKypcHH b My-

aen. An excursion to a museum.

Exaxb na SKCKypcHio. To go on an

excursion.

3KCKyPCOB(3;^ m. excursion guide

3KCnEJ]iflUiHH /. expedition

HaynuaH aKcncAHUHH. A scientific

expedition. dKcnejuaixiifi na CeBep-

HHH n6jiH)C. An expedition to the

North Pole. yâcxBOBaxb b aKcne-

flHUHH. To take part in an expedi-

tion.

3KCnJiyATflP|0BATb, -yK), -yemb,

-yiox Koro? imp.

1. to exploit. 3KcnjiyaxHpoBaxb

paSoHHX. To exploit workers.

2. to make full use of. 3Kcnjiya-

XHpoBaxb xexHHKy. To make

full use of technique.

3JIEKTPflqECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -Me

electric(al)

3JieKxpHHecKHH xoK. Electric cur-

rent. 3JieKxpHqecKHH CBex. Electric

light. 3jieKxpHHecKaH jiaMooHKa.

An electric bulb. SJiCKxpiiqecKHH

yxior. An electric iron. SjieKxpH-

necKHH HaHHHK. An electric teaket-

tle.

3JIEKTP0CTAHI^HH /. electric pow-

er station

Kpynnan aJieKxpocxannHH. A large

electric power station. Ilycxiixb h6-

ByK) aJieKxpocxanuHK). To put a

new electric power station into oper-ation. SjieKxpocxanuHH aaex tok.

The electric power station is now

giving power.

3JIEMF.HT m.

1. element. IlepiiOflHqecKaH CHCxe-

Ma aJieMCHTOB. The periodic sys-

tem of elements.



SHE 167 5IBJI

2. element. B cxaxBe ecxi. sjieMen-

TU KpHTHKH. There are elements

of criticism in the article.

3. element. IIporpeccHBHtie ajie-

MCHTH 66n;eCTBa. The progres-

sive elements of society.

3HEPrfi[HHILlfl [3H9-], -an, -oe, -He

energetic

SneprHHHHH qeJiOBeK. An energetic

person. 3HeprHHHue abhjkchhh.

Energetic movements. SHeprn^HaH

nox6;^Ka. A wilful gait.

3HEPrHH [9H3-] /.

1. energy. BneprHH boah. The

energy of water.

2. energy. Pa66TaTL c Gojibmon

aHeprnen. To work with great

energy.

3TA;K m., gen. -a floor, storey

H{HTb Ha nepBOM axame. To live on

the ground floor. ExopOH sxaHi. The

first floor. JIJOM b 7 axaJKCH. A sev-

en-storeyed house.

9T0 see STOT5TOT, 3Ta, 3T0, axH pron.

1. this. 9tot flOM. This house.3to okho. This window. 3tot yê-

HHK HacTO onaBAHBaex. This pu-

pil is often late.

2. that. B axoT js,enh mh bcc co-

Spajihcb y Hero. On that day we

all gathered at his place.

3. 3T0 neut. it; this, these;

that, those. 3xo cxoji. This is

a table. 3x0 cxyjibfl. These

are chairs. 3x0 Snjia OHa.

That was she. 3x06hjio âBHO.

That was a long time ago. Kxo

§xo? — 3x0 MOH 6pax. Who is

that? It's my brother. Hxo

§xo xaKoe? What's that? 3xo

yneSHHK?— Hex, 3xo cjioBapB.

Is it a text-book? No, it

is a dictionary. ^^6 ^xo 3a

HeJiOBeK? What sort of person

is he? Hxo ^xo 3a Benut? Whatsort of thing is that? Men ^xo

CXOJI? — 3x0 CXOJI HBanoBa.

Whose desk is it? It's Iva-

nov's desk. Kxo xaM? — 3xo h.

Who is there? It's me.

H), H)

H)B|KA /., gen. pi. -ok skirt

OHa 6HJia B mnpoKOH K)6Ke. She

wore a wide skirt.

12*

lOr m., no pi.

1. south. Oh nomeji npHMO na lor.

He went straight south.

2. south. Ox^Hxaxb na lore. Tohave one's holidays in the south.

EoexaxB na lor. To go to the

south.

iDHCHjBIfl, -an, -oe, -ne south(ern)

IOjkhhh Bexep. A southern wind.KDjkhhh hojiioc. The South Pole.

K)MOP m., no pi. humourHmcxb HyBcxBO lOMopa. To have asense of humour. FaccKasHBaxt c

lOMopOM. To tell with humour.

lOHOCTB /., no pi. youthCnacxjiiiBaH lOHOcxb. Happy youth.

B lOHOcxH OH MCHxaJi cxaxb apxHc-XOM. In his youth he dreamt of

becoming an actor.

K)HOIII|A m., gen. pi. -en a youthCMeJiHH lOHOma. A brave youth.

KpacHBHH lOHoma. A handsomeyouth.

I0H|LIQ, -an, -oe, -ne younglOHHe ro^H OH npoBCJi b Hxajinn.

He spent his youth in Italy. KDnaaAesymKa. A young girl.

fl, a

H pron., gen., ace. Mena, dat., prepos.

MHe, instr. mhoh I

Mena ne 6hjio aoms Bnepa Beqe-

poM. / was not at home last night.

Kxo 3X0? — 3x0 a. Who is it?

It'sme.

fl

H^y b xeaxp; xh hoh-êmb BMecxe co mhoh? I'm going

to the theatre; will you go with

me? Mae CKynno. / am bored.

Mne xojiOAHO. / am cold. ThBCxpexHfflb Mena? Will you meet

me? IIpHXOAH KO MHe ceroAHfll

Come to see me today

HBJI0K|0 neut., pi. hSjioket, aSJiOK

apple

BojibfflOH ypojKaH hSjiok. a rich

harvest of apples.

HBKlThCR see HBJlHTbCHHBJIEHHE neut. phenomenoniIBJlH|TBCH, -locb, -embca, -loxca

imp. Ip. HBHXbca, aBJiiocb, aBnmb-ca, aBaxca

1. to come, to turn up. Oh hosaho

HBHjica aa JieKunio. He turned

up late for the lecture.



51ro 168 JIIUH

2. only imp. IlyinKHH HBnaexcH

BejiHKHM pyccKHM n03T0M. Push-

kin is a great Russian poet.

HrOÂ /. berry

Co6npaTb rpH6u h HroAM. To gath-

er mushrooms and berries. HrOAUKJiySHHKH. Strawberries. BKycHancaÔBafl HroAa. A tasty cultivated

berry. BapeHLe H3 Atoji,. Jam made

from berries.

fiJ\FOneut.,pl. HApa, Hêp, H^paM, etc.

nucleus

flApo aTOMa. The nucleus of the

atom. flApo KJiexKH. The nucleus

of a cell.

H3I»1[K m., gen. -a

1. tongue. noKaaaxb h3mk. To

show one's tongue.

2. language. Hayqaxb HuocxpaHHUH

H3LIK. To study a foreign lan-

guage. BjiaAeXb HeCKOJILKHMH

HHOCXpaHHMMH fl3LIKaMH. To

know several foreign languages.

<> JêpHcaTb H3faJK aa aySawH. Tokeep a still tongue in one's head.

HauTH 66n^HH hsuk c Kew-jiH-6o. To speak a common language

with somebody.

HflU[0 neut., pi. HHqa, fli'in; egg

KypHHHe HHqa. Hen's eggs.

<> Hhujo BCMHTKy. A soft-boiled

egg. Ran,6 EKpyxyio. A hard-boiled

egg. Hhuo b MeraoqeK. A well-

boiled egg. Hiiiâ Kypimy He yqax

(proverb). Cf. Don't teach *your

grandmother to suck eggs.

HHBAP|b m., gen. -h January

HoHL B HHBape. A night in Janu-

ary. IlepBoe HHBapH. The first of

January.

HPKinfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form

flpoK, HpKa, HpK|o, -h; adv. apKo;

comp. Hpqe

1. bright. flpKHH CBex. A bright

light.

2. bright. HpKne KpaCKH. Bright

colours.

3. fig. striking, brilliant. HpKHHnpHMep. A striking example.

HpKHH xajianx. A brilliant tal-

ent.

HCHIblQ, -aH, -08, -He, short form

HCCH, HCHa, hch|o, -h; adv. hcho

1. clear, fine. Hcnoe neSo. A clear

sj^y. HcHWH jj^BRh. A fine day.

2. fig. lucid. HcHLiH yM. A lucid

mind. Hcnaa Mt^c.^b. A clear

thought. 3xox Bonpoc Mae Hcen.

This question is clear to me.

BaM 3X0 HCHO? Is that clear to

you? Oh roBopnx 6»ieHb hcho.

He speaks very clearly.

HmHK m.

1. box. Hh;hk h6jiok. A box of

apples. HmHK c KOHcepBaMH.

A box of preserves.

2. drawer. flmHK nncbMeHHoro

cxojia. A drawer of a desk.

3. box. IloqxoBbiH HmnK. A post-

box.



SUPPLEMENT

THEMATIC GROUPS OF WORDS

Names of Nationalities, of People inhabiting Various Countries

and Continents, Geographical Names and corresponding Adjectives

aBCTpaJiHeij Australian (man), aecTpa-

jiHHKa Australian (woman), aBCxpa-

jiHHrtH Australians, ABCxpaJiHA

Australia; aBCTpaJiHHCKHH Austra-

lian

aBCxpHen; Austrian (man), aBCTpwHKa

Austrian (woman), aBCTpHHiiH Aus-

trians, ABCTpna Austria; aBCTpHH-

CKHH Austrian

asHaT Asian (man), asnaTKa Asian

(woman), asnaxLi Asians, AbhhAsia; asHaxcKHH Asian

ajiSanei; Albanian (man), aJi6aHKa Al-

banian (woman), aJi6ABnu Albanians

,

Aji6aHHH Albania; aji6aHCKHH Alba-nian

aJiWHpert Algerian (man), ajiwHpKaAlgerian (woman), aJiH^Hpmj Alge-rians, AjiJKHp Algeria; ajiH^HpCKHH

Algerian

aMepHKaHen American (man), aMepn-KaHKa American (woman), aMepn-

KaHii;ti Americans, AMepHKa Amer-ica; aMepHKancKHH American

aHrjiHHaHHH Englishman, aHrJimaHKaEnglishwoman, aHrjimane English,

AnrjiHH England; aHrJiHHCKHH Eng-lish

apa6 Arab (man),

CKHH Arab

apa6Li Arabs; apa6-

apreHTHHen Argentinean (man), apreH-

THHKa Argentinean (woman), apree-

THHiiLi Argentineans, ApresTHHaArgentine; aprsHTHHCKHH Argentine

a^TRHen Afghan (man), a^raHKa Af-ghan (woman), a^raHn;Li Afghans,

A^raHHCiaH Afghanistan; a^ran-

CKHH Afghan

a^pHKaHGD; African (rnan), a$pHKaHKaAfrican (woman), a^pHKaHn;i>i Af-ricans, A(|)pHKa Africa; a(|>pHKaH-

CKHH African

6ejibriiert Belgian (man), 6ejisrHHKaBelgian (woman), 6ejiBrHHi];i>i Bel-

gians, BeJibrHH Belgium; SejifcriiH-

CKHH Belgian

Gnp-MaHeu; Burmese (man), 6HpMaHKaBurmese (woman), 6HpMaHii;ti Bur-

mese, BitpMa Burma; SHpMancKHHBurm ese

6ojirapHH Bulgarian (man), 6oJirapKa

Bulgarian (woman), 5oJirapH Bul-

garians, BojirapHH Bulgaria; 6oji-

rapcKHH Bulgarian

6oJiHBHeii; Bolivian (man), 6ojTHBiiHKa

Bolivian (woman), 6oJiHBHHn;ti Bo-livians, BojiHBHfl Bolivia; 6ojiHBiiH-

CKHH Bolivian

6pa3HJien; Brazilian (man), 6pa3HjiLii;Ei

Brazilians, BpasHJiHfl Brazil; 6pa-

3HJIBCKHH Brazilian

Bajuiiiei^ Welshman, BaJijiHHKa Welsh-woman, BajiJiHHi^H Welsh, Yajitc

Wales; BajiJiHHCKHH Welsh

Beerp Hungarian (man), BenrepKa

Hungarian (woman), BGHrpH Hun-

^ The feminine forms of a number of nouns denoting nationalityeither do not exist or are not used in the literary language.



170

garians, BenrpHfl Hungary; Benrep-

CKHH Hungarian

BGHecyajien; Venezuelan (man), Bene-cyaJiKa Venezuelan (woman). Bene-

cy3Jn>ii;i>i Venezuelans, BeHecyaJia

Venezuela; BCHecyaJibCKHH Venezu-

elan

BbeTHaMe^ Vietnamese (man), Bbex-

HaMKa Vietnamese (woman), blgt-

HaMi^w Vietnamese, BtexHaM Viet-

nam; BbeTHaMCKHH Vietnamese

raneu Ghanean (man), raHKa Ghanean

(woman), rani^H Ghaneans, Tana

Ghana; rancKHH Ghanean

TBaTeManen; Guatemalan (man), rBaxe-

MaJibii;w Guatemalans, FBaTeMaJia

Guatemala; rBaxeMaJibCKHH Guate-

malan

rBHHeen; Guinean, rsHHeHiiiLi Guineans,

rBHHGH Guinea; rEHHencKHH Guinean

repMaHHH Germany; repMancKHH

German {see HeMen;)

roJiJiaHflei; Dutchman, ronjiaH^Ka

Dutchwoman, rojiJiaHj^qbi DutcK

ToJiJiaHAHH Holland; rojiJiaHACKHH

Dutch

rpeK Greek (man), rpeqaHKa Greek

(woman), rpeKH Greeks, Fpei^HH

Greece; rpeêcKHH Greek

flanaHHH Dane (man), aaxHaHKa Dane

(woman), flaxHaHe Danes, JânnH

Denmark; ;;axcKHH Danish

GBpea Jew, espeHKa Jewess, eBpen

Jews; GBpeHCKHH Jewish

eBponeen; European (man), eBponennibi

Europeans, EBpona Europe; eBpo-

neficKHH European

erHnxflHHH Egyptian (man), ernnxae-

Ka Egyptian (woman), ernnxHHe

Egyptians, Eranex Egypt; ernnex-

CKHH Egyptian

HHflHeix Indian (man), HHAnaHKa In-dian (woman), nH^Hnii;bi Indians,

Hhahh India; hhahhckhh Indian

HHA0He3He^ Indonesian (man), hhô-

HesHHKa Indonesian (woman), hh-

ji;0He3HHi;u Indonesians, HnÔHesHHIndonesia; HHflOHesHHCKHH Indone-

HopaaHen; Jordanian (man), HopjâHii,Hi

Jordanians, MopJâHHH Jordan;

HopAancKHH Jordanian

HpaKeix Iraqi (man), HpaKiibi Iraqis,

IlpaK Iraq; HpaKCKHH Iraq

HpaHen; Persian (man), npaHKa Per-

sian (woman), HpaHn;bi Persians,

UpaH Persia (Iran); npancKHMPersian (Iranian)

HpjiaHAei; Irishman, npjidHAKa Irish-

woman, HpJIaH;^^w Irish, HpjiaHAHH

Ireland, HpjiaH;i;cKHH Irish

ncJiaHêiii Icelander (man) ncjiAHjiKaIcelander (woman), HCJiaH3ii;bi Ice-

landers, HcjiaHAHfl Iceland; HCJiaHjt-

CKHH Iceland

Hcnaneit Spaniard, HcnaHKa Spanish

(woman), HcnaHLtM Spanish, Hcna-

HHH Spain; HcnancKHH Spanish

HxaJibHHeri Italian (man), nxaJibHHKa

Italian (woman), HxajibaHn;H Ital-

ians, HxaJiHH Italy; HxaJibHHCKHH

Italian

HeMGHeit Yemeni, HeMeHn;Li Yemeni,

HeMGH Yemen; HeMeHCKHH Yemeni

KaM6oAMtHen; Cambodian, KaMSo^JKHH-

n,u Cambodians, KaM56fl;H«a Cambo-

dia; KaM5oA»«HHCKHH Cambodian

KanaAen; Canadian (man), KaHa^Ka Ca-

nadian (woman), KaHÂii;bi Cana-

dians, KaHaâ Canada; KanaACKHH

Canadian

KHnpnox Cypriot, KHnpHOXM Cypriots,

Knnp Cyprus; KHnpcKHH Cyprian

KHxaen; Chinese (man), KHxaaHKa Chi-

nese (woman), KHxaHqu Chinese,

KnxaH China; KHxancKHH Chinese

KOJiyMSnen; Colombian (man), KOJiyM-

6hhi];h Colombians, KojiyMSnH Co-

lombia; K0JiyM6HHCKHH Colombian

KOHrojieaen; Congolese (man), Konro-

Jieaqw Congolese, Konro The Congo;

KOHroJieacKHH Congolese

KOpeen Korean (man), KopeaHKa Ko-

rean (woman), KopeH^H Koreans,

Kopea Korea; KOpencKHH Korean

KyoHHeq Cuban (man), Ky6HHKa Cu-

ban (woman), Ky6HHi|iii Cubans,

Ky6a Cuba; Ky6HHCKHH Cuban



171

JiaoTHHHH Laotian (man), JiaoxHHKa

Laotian (woman), JiaoxHHe & Jiaoc-

n;H Laotians, JIaoc Laos; JiaoxflH-

CKHH & jiaoccKHH Laotian

JiaTHHoaMepHKanen; Latin American

(man), jiaTHHoaMepHKaHKa Latin

American (woman), jiaTHHoaMepn-

KaHii;H Latin Americans, JlaTHBCKan

AMepHKa Latin America; JiaTHHO-

aMepHKancKHH Latin American

jiHBaHeii Lebanese, jmsaHiîJ Lebanese,

JlHBan The Lebanon; jiHBaecKHH

Lebanese

jiHBHeix Libian, jihbhhiih Libians, JIh-

BHH Libia; jihbhhckhh Libian

MaJiaei^ Malayan (man), MaJiaHKa Ma-layan (woman), MaJianiiiH Malayans,

MaJiaHH Malaya; MaJiaicKHH Ma-layan

MRJiHen; Mali (man), MaJiHHKa Mali(woman), MajiHHii;H Malis, MaJiH

Mali; MajiHHCKHH Mali

MaJibram Malagasi, MaJibramn Mala-

gasi; MajibramcKHH Malagasi

MapoKKanen; Moroccan (man), MapOK-

KaHKa Moroccan (woman), MapoK-

KaniiM Moroccans, MapoKKO Moroc-

co; MapoKKancKHH Moroccan

MeKCHKanen Mexican (man), mgkch-

KaHKa Mexican (woman), mgkch-

KaniiH Mexicans, MeKCHKa Mexico;

MCKCHKaHCKHH Mexican

Monro Ji Mongolian (man), MonroJiKaMongolian (woman), MonronH Mon-golians, MoHroJiHfl Mongolia; moh-

roJibCKHH Mongolian

Herp Negro (man), nerpHTHHKa Ne-

gro {woman), nerpM Negroes; nerpn-

THHCKHH Negro

HeMGii German, neMKa German (woman),

neMiiH Germans; neMGiIKHH German

HenaJiert Nepalese, nenaJibi^H Nepa-

lese, HenaJi Nepal; nenaJibCKHHNepal

enrepneii Nigerian, nnrepHnqH Nige-

rians, HnrepHH Nigeria; nnrepHH-

CKHH Nigerian

HOBOsejiaH/jen; New Zealander (man),

HOBoaejianziKa New Zealander (wom-

an), HOB03ejiaH;5iîii New Zealand-

ers, HoBan Sejian^HH New Zea-

land; HOBoaeJiaHACKHH New Zealand

HopBGJKei; Norwegian (man), nopBrnnaNorwegian (woman), HopBmitHNorwegians, HopBernn Norway;

HOpBGHCCKHH Norwegian

naKHCTanen; Pakistani, naKHCxaHUiH

Pakistanis, IlaKHCxaH Pakistan;

naKHCxancKHH Pakistani

oanaMitH Panamanians, IlaFaMa Pana-

ma; nanaMCKHH Panamanian

nepyanen; Peruvian (man), nepyaHKaPeruvian (woman), nepyanrtbi Peru-

vians, riepy Peru; nepyancKHH Pe-

ruvian

noJiaK Pole (man), noJiLKa Pole (wom-

an), noJiHKH Poles, EojiBma Po-

land; noJiBCKHH Polish

nopxyraJien; Portuguese (man), iiopxy-

raJiKa Portuguese (woman), nopxy-

raJibii;H Portuguese, nopxyraJiHH

Portugal; nopxyraJibCKHH Portu-

guese

pyMHH Rumanian (man), pyMHHKaRumanian (woman), pyMHHLi Ru-

manians, PyMHHHH Rumania; py-

MMHCKHH Rumanian

pyccKHH Russian (man), pyccKBH Rus-

sian {woman), pyccKHe Russians,

PoccHH Russia; pyccKHH Russian

ceHeraJiei5 Senegalese, ceeeraJibiiBi Se-

negalese, CeneraJi Senegal; cene-raJibCKHH Senegalese

cep6 Serbian (man), cepSna Serbian

(woman), cep6H Serbs, CepSzH

Serbia; cep6cKHH Serbian

CHpneix Syrian (man), cHpnaKa Syrian

(woman), CHpHHn,H Syrians, CnpHHSyria; cnpHHCKHn Syrian

cjiOBaK Slovak (man), CJiOBa^Ka Slo-

vak (woman), cnoBaKH Slovaks,

CjioBaKHH Slovakia; cjiOBai;KHHSlovak

coMaJiHGi^ Somali (man), coMaJiHHKa

Somali (woman), coMaJiHHiiiH So-

malis, GoMaJiH Somaliland; coMa-

jiHHCKHH Somali

cyAaHGi; Sudanese (man), cyâHKa Su-

danese (woman), cyAanqH Suda-



172

nese, CyABH The Sudan; cy;âHCKHM

Sudanese

TaHJiaH;;ei; Thai, TaHJiaHAUH Thais,

TaHJIaH;^ Thailand; TaHJidn/tCKHii

Thai

Torojieaeq Togolese, lorojieartH Togo-

lese, Toro Togo; ToroJieacKHH To-

golese

TyHHcei; Tunisian (man), xyHHCKa Tu-

nisian (woman), TyHHcn;M Tunisi-

ans, TyHHC Tunis; xyHHccKHH Tu-

nisian

TypoK Turk (man), xypâHKa Turk

(woman), xypKH Turks, TypmiHTurkey; TypertKHH Turkish

yKpaHHeu Ukrainian (man)^ yKpaiiH-

Ka Ukrainian (woman), yKpaHHii;i>i

Ukrainians, VKpaHHa The Ukraine;

yKpaHHCKHH Ukrainian

ypyrBaei^ Uruguayan (man), ypyrBafi-

iû Uruguayans, YpyrBaH Uruguay;

ypyrnaHCKHH Uruguayan

yajibcnw Welsh, VajiBc Wales; yajiBc-

KHH Welsh

^HJiHnnHHen; Filipino, ^HJiHnnHHrtu

Filipinos; (DnJiHnnHHH The Philip-

pines

$HHH Finn (man), $HHKa Finn (wom-

an), $HHHH Finns, (PHHJIflHJtllH

Finland; ^JHHCkhh Finnish

4>paHn;y3 Frenchman, ^panniyweHKaFrenchwoman, ^panaysu French,

OpaHi^Hfl France; $paHii;y3CKHH

French

xopsaT Croat (man), xopsaTKa Croat

(woman), xopeaTLi Croats, Xopsa-THH Croatia; xopeaTCKHH Croatian

peHJiOHert Ceylonese (man), ri;eHJi6HKa

Ceylonese (woman), ii;eHJi6HixiJ Ceylo-

nese, L[eHJi6H Ceylon; iienjiOHCKHH

Ceylonese

qex Czech (man), neniKa Czech (wom-

an), HexH Czechs; HexHH Czechia;êracKHH Czech

miJiueij, Chilian (man), qnjiHHKa Chil-

ian (woman), qEjiHHi^ti Chilians,

Hhjih Chile; ^hjimhckhh Chilian

mBGHixapeii Swiss (man), mBeniiSpKaSwiss (woman), mBeHn;api;iJ Swiss;

niBeHnapHH Switzerland; mBeHrtap-

CKHH Swiss

TUBeji, Swede (man), raBeflKB Swede

(woman), msejiu Swedes, inBen.HH

Sweden; mBeflCKHH Swedish

moTJiaHêii Scotsman, moxJiaHflKa

Scotswoman, moxJiaHfln.H Scots,

nioxjiaHflHH Scotland; moxjianflCKHH

Scotch

a^Hon Ethiopian (man), a^nonKa Ethi-

opian (woman), afjûonu Ethiopi-

ans, S^HODHH Ethiopia; a^noncKHHEthiopian

lorocjiaBH Yugoslavs, lOrocJiaBHH Yu-

goslavia; lorocJiaBCKHH Yugoslav

fiuoBeii, Japanese (man), HUOBKa. Japa-

nese (woman), fln6Hn,L] Japanese,

HnoimH Japan; hdohckhh Japa-

nese

NUMERALS

1 OAHH, OAHa, oAHo; nepBJbiH, -an,

-oe, -we first

2 Asa, flee; BxopIOH, -an, -6e, -wesecond

3 Tpii; TpexluH, -bn, -be, -bH third

4 qexwpe; qexBepxIwii, -an, -oe, -we

fourth

5 nHXb; nflx|wii, -an, -oe, -we fifth

6 mecTb; mecxlou, -an, -oe, -we

sixth

7 ceMb; ceffbMjoH, -an, -oe, -we sev-

enth

8 BOceMb; BocbM|6u, -an, -oe, -we

eighth9 AeBHXb; AeBflx|wii. -an, -oe, -we

ninth

10 necflXb; AecflTlwii, -an, -oe, -we

tenth

11 oAHHHaAi;aTb; oîiHHaAuaxIwJf,

-an, -oe, -we eleventh

12 ABenamaTb; ffBenaAiâxIwu, -an,

-oe, -we twelfth

13 xpiiHaAi;aTb; TpnHaAaax|wu, -a a,

-oe, -we thirteenth

14 qexbipHajwaTb; qexwpHaAuax|wu,-afl, -oe, -we fourteenth

15 nflXHÂiâxb; nHTHaAuaT|wu, -an,

-oe, -we fifteenth

16 mecxHajwaxb; niecxHaAuax|wii,

-an, -oe, -we sixteenth

17 ceMHaAqaxb; ceMHafluax|wM, -aa,

-oe, -we seventeenth



173

18 BOceMHaAuaTb; BOceMHaAiâT|ijii,

-an, -oe, -we eighteenth

19 fleBflTHawaxb; jêBHTuajmaiTlhiu

,

-an, -oe, -we nineteenth

20 flBawaxb; ABa;maT|wH, -an, -oe,

-we twentieth

21 ABaâaTb oahh; ABaîâTb nep-

b|wh, -an, -oe, -we twenty-first

30 TpHAuaTb; TpemaT|wH, -aa, -oe,

-we thirtieth

40 copoK; copoKOBJOH, -an, -oe, -we

fortieth

50 HHTbAecHT; nflTHAec«T|wH, -aa,

-oe, -we fiftieth

60 mecTbAecHx; mecTHffecaTlwfi,-aa, -oe, -we sixtieth

70 ceMbflecax; ceMHffecHTJwfi , -aa,

-oe, -we seventieth

80 BoceMbflecax; BOCbMHAecaTlwfi,

-aa, -oe, -we eightieth

90 AeBaaocTo; fleBaHOCTlwii, -aa,

-oe, -we ninetieth

100 cTo; coTlbiH, -aa, -oe, -we one

hundredth

101 CTO OAHH, CTO oâa, cto o^ho;

CTO nepBlwii, -aa, -oe, -we onehundred and first

110 CTO AecaTb; cto AecaTlwa, -aa,

-oe, -we one hundred and tenth

200 flaecTH; «Byxc6T|wH, -aa, -oe,

-we two hundredth

300 TpHCTa; TpexcoTlwa, -aa, -oe,

-we three hundredth

400 qeTwpecTa; qeTwpexcoTlwH, -a a,

-oe, -we four hundredth

500 naTbcoT; naTHc6T|WM, -aa, -oe,

-we five hundredth

600 raecTbcoT; raecTncoTlwa, -aa,

-oe, -we six hundredth

700 ceMbcoT; ccmhcotIwh, -aa, -oe,

-we seven hundredth

800 BoceMbcoT; BocbMHCOTlwii , -aa,

-oe, -we ei^ht hundredth

900 fleBaTbcoT; flesaTHCOTlwii, -aa,

-oe, -we nine hundredth

1000 Twcaqa; TwcaqHlwil, -aa, -oe,

-we thousandth

1961 Tbicaqa êaaTbcoT raecTbêcaT

oahh; Tbicana aeaaTbcoT raecTb-

flecaT nepalwH, -aa, -oe, -we one

thousand nine hundred and sixty-

first

lOOOO aecaTb Twcaq; flecaTHTwcaq-

H|biH, -aa, -oe, -we ten thousandth

1000000 mhjijihoh; mhjijihohhIwh,

-aa, -oe, -we millionth

1000000000 Maanaap^; MHJijraapA-

h|wh, -aa, -oe, -we milliardth

DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS,SEASONS, TIME-UNITS

Days of the Week

noHeAejibHHK m. MondayBTopHBK m. Tuesday

cpeâ /., pi. cpeAH WednesdayqcTBepr m., gen. nexBepra Thursday

naTHHiâ /. Friday

cy666Ta /. Saturday

BOCKpeccHbe neut. Sunday

Months

aHBapb m., gen. HEBapa January

(j[)eBpajib m., gen. (|)eBpajiH February

MapT m. Marchanpejib m. April

Mail m. MayuiOHb m. June

iiiojib m. July

aarycT m. August

ceHTa5pb m., gen. ceHTflSpa Septem-

beroKTaSpb m., gen. OKTaSpn October

Hoa6pb m., gen. HoaSpfl November

AeKa6pb m., gen. ;êKa6pH December

Seasons

Bocaa /. spring

jiCTO neut. summerocenb /. autumn3HMa /. winter

Time-Units

ceKyHâ /. second

MHHyTH /. minute

qac m., pi. âcw, Hacob hour

rofl m., prepos. b ro^y & o r6ji,e; gen.

pi. Jiex year

BCK m., pi. BeKa century

COLOURS

5eji|wH, -aa, -oe, -we white

rojiySloii, -aa, -oe, -we light-blue

»;ejiT|bm, -aa, -oe, -we yellow

3eJieH|biH, -aa, -oe, -we green

KpacHJWH, -aa, -oe, -we red

KopH*iHeB|wii, -aa, -oe, -we brown.ihji6b|wh, -aa, -oe, -we lilac

opaHH<eB|biii, -aa, -oe, -we orange

posoBlwii, -aa, -oe, -we pink

chh|hu, -aa, -ee, -ae blue



174

ceplbiu, -afl, -oe, -we grey

cBex.ilwH, -an, -oe, -we light

TeMHJbiii, -aa, -oe, -we dark

^HO.ieTOBlwii, -an, -oe, -we violetqepHlwu, -an, -oe, -we black

PARTS OF THE BODY

rojioea /., ace. roJiOBy, pi. rojiOBti,

roJiOB, roaoBaM, etc. head

niea /. neck

njieio neut., pi. hjichh shoulder

rpyffb /., prepos. Ha rpy/tii chest

cnHHa /., ace. cnnny, pi. cnHHti back

6oK m., pi. ooKa side»{hb6t m., gen. H^HBOxa stomach

pyKa/., aec. pyKy, pi. pyKHhand, arm

.laAOHb /. palmjioKOTb m., gen. jiokth, gen. pi. jiok-

xefi elbow

KyjiaK m., gen. KyjiaKa fist

Hora /., aec. Hory, pi. hofh foot, leg

KOJieHO neut., pi. KOJienn knee

najieu m., gen. naJibqa finger, toe

HoroTfa m., gen. hofth, gen. pi. Hor-

xefi nail

cepAue neut., pi. cep^na heart

jierKoe neut., pi. JierKne lung

HtejiyAOK m., gen. jKeJiy^Ka stomach

BOJiocbi pi., gen. pi. BOJioc hair

yxo neut., pi. ymn, ymen ear

jio6 m., gen. jT6a forehead

HOC m., pi. Hocu nose

rjias m., pi. rJiasa eye

6poBb /., gen. pi. 6poBeH eyebrow

pecHHaa /. eyelash

ii],eKa /., pi. msKH cheek

poT m., gen. pxa mouthry5a /., pi. rySu lip

3y5 m., gen. pi. aySoB tooth

BHCOK m., gen. BHCKa temple

H3biK m., gen. flawKa tongue

noAôpoAOK m., gen. ô;^5op6^Ka chin

yc m., pi. ycM moustache

saTbijiOK m., gen. aaxMJiKa back [of

the head

6opoAa /., ace. Sopo^y, pi- Sopo^M,

6op6;t beard

TRAITS OF CHARACTER ANDMAN'S QUALITIES

aKKypaTH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we painstak-

ing

aKTHBH|wu, -an, -oe, -we active

6ecnoK6HH|biif, -aa, -oe, -we restless

66ap|wh, -aa, -oe, -we cheerful

BeH<jiHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we polite

Beceji|wUv -aa, -oe, -we gay

BHHMaTe;ibH|wu, -aa, -oe, -we atten-

tive

reHHajibH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we of genius

rnyn|biH, -aa, -oe, -we stupid

roÂlWH, -aa, -oe, -we proud

rpy6|wii, -aa, -oe, -we rude, coarse

A65p|wH, -aa, -oe, -we kind

H<aAH|wu, -aa, -oe, -we stingy

HiecTOKlHH, -aa, -oe, -ae cruel

3a56TJiHB|biM, -aa, -oe, -we solicitous

3aAyM4HB|biM, -aa, -oe, -we thought-

fulHCKpeHH|nu, -aa, -ee, -ae frank, sin-

cere

jiacKOBlwii, -aa, -oe, -we affectionate

.i>khb|wh, -aa, -oe, -we untruthful

.ierK0Mi6cJieHH|biu, -aa, -oe, -we

light-headed

jieHUB|wu, -aa, -oe, -we lazy

jiobkIhh, -aa, -oe, -ae adroit

jiio6onwTH|wu, -aa, -oe, -we curious

jiH)5o3HaTejibH|biH, -aa, -oe, -we in-

quisitive

MyApluU) -aa, -oe, -we wise

Mya«ecTBeHHlbiii, -aa, -oe, -we coura-

geous

HacTOuqHBlwM, -aa, -oe, -we persis-

tent

He»(H|wu, -aa, -oe, -we gentle

nepBHlwu, -aa, -oe, -we nervous

ocTopoHCHlwH, -aa, -oe, -we careful

ocxpoyMHlwif, -aa, -oe, -we witty

npaBAHB|biM, -aa, -oe, -we truthful

po5K|nH, -aa, -oe, -ae timid

pacceaHHlwif, -aa, -oe, -we absent-

mindedcaMOJiio6HB|wu. -aa, -oe, -we touchy

caMoyBepeHH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we self-

opinionated

cepbe3H|wii, -aa, -oe, -we serious

cKpoMHiwH, -aa, -oe, -we modest

CMeji|wa, -aa, -oe, -we courageous

cnoKOHH|WH, -aa, -oe, -we quiet,

calm

cnoc66HlwH, -aa, -oe, -we capable

cnpaBeAJiHBlwif, -aa, -oe, -we just

cTapaTejibH|wH, -an, -oe, -we assid-

uous

CTpaHH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we strange, queer

CTp6r|HH, -aa, -oe, -ae exacting,

strict

cypoBlwa, -aa, -oe, -we severe

TajiaHTjiHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we talented



175

TpycJiHB|MH, -aa, -oe, -we cowardly

yMHJbiH, -afl, -oe, -we clever

ynpflMlwii, -aa, -oe, -we stubborn

xHTplwH, -aa, -oe, -we sly, cunningxpa6p|wH, -aa, -oe, -we brave

qecTH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we honest

nê^plwii, -aa, -oe, -we generous

3HeprHqH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we energetic

THE FAMILY

poAHTejin pL, gen. poanxejieH parents

oxen; m., gen. OTii;a father

AiaTb /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn,instr. Maxepbio; pi. Maxepn, Maxe-

pen, MaxepaM, etc. mother

CWH m., pi. CHHOBbfl, CHHOBeH SOU

Jôqfa /., gen., dat., prepos. flonepn,

instr. jÔHeptio; pi. jônepn, jjôê-

peH, AonepflM, floqepLMH daughter

6paT m., pi. 6paxi.a, Spaxbee brother

cecxpa /., pi. cecxpH, cecxep, ce-

cxpaM, etc. sister

poacTBeHHHKH pi. relatives

AeAymKa m., gen. pi. jêfl;ynieK grand-father

6a6yinKa /., gen. pi. 6a6ymeK grand-

mother

BHyK m. grandson

BHyqKa /., gen. pi. BHyqeK grand-

daughter

AHâ m. uncle

Texa /. aunt

njieMaHHHK m. nephewnjieMaHHHu;a /. niece

j^Boiopo^HWH 6paT m. cousin

;^Boi6poAHaa cecTpa /. cousin

CLOTHES, FOOTWEAR,LINEN

najibTo neut., indecl. overcoat

iny6a /. fur coat

njiam m., gen. njianâ raincoat

KocTioM m. suit, costume6pi6Kn no sing, trousers

Tpycw no sing, shorts

HHAHcaK m., gen. nH^JKaKa jacket, coat

pâmKa /., gen. pi. pySameK shirt

rajicTyK m. tie

CBHTep m. sweater, pull-over

AHceMnep m. jumpernn»caMa /. pyjamasxajiax m. dressing-gown, housecoat

HOCKH pi., sing. HOCOK m., gen. nocKa

socks

mjiana /. hat

manKa /., gen. pi. manoK cap

map4) rn. scarf

nepqaxKH pi., gen. nepnaxOK; sing.

nepnaxKa /. gloves

njiaxfae neut. dress

loGKa /., gen. pi. k)6ok skirt

6jiy3Ka /., gen. pi. 6Jiy30K blouse

K64)xa /. jacket

»KaKex m. jacket

qyjiKH pi., gen. HyjioK; sing. qyjioK

m., gen. qyjiKa stockings

6oxHHKn pi., gen. 6oxhhok; sing. 60-XHHOK m., gen. ooxHHKa boots

xy^jiH pi., gen. pi. lyêJih', sing.

xy(|)jifl /. shoes

rajioran pi., sing, rajioraa /. galoshes

66xw pi. overshoes

6ocoH6»CKn pi., gen. OoconoJKeK; sing.

6ocoH6>KKa /. sandals

xano« KH pi., gen. xanoêK; sing, xa-

no^Ka /. slippers

canoru pi., gen. cauor; sing, cauor m.,

gen. canora riding boots, high-boots

BaJieHKH pi., gen. BaJienoK; sing. Ba-

jiBHOK m., gen. BaJieHKa felt boots

BopoxHHK m., gen. BopoxHHKa collar

pyKaB m., gen. pynaBa, pi. pyKasa

sleeve

noac m., pi. noaca belt

KapMaH m. pocket

nyroBHEâ /. button

maj-poK m., gen. mnypKa lace, shoe-

lace

npaHCKa /., gen. pi. npaJKen buckle

ofleajio neut. blanket, quilt

cKaxepxb /., gen. pi. CKaxepxen table-

cloth

caji(J)exKa /., gen. pi. caji$exoK nap-

kin

nojÔAeajibHHK m. quilt cover

noAymKa /., gen. pi. noAymeK pillow,

cushion

npocxbma /., pL npocxHHH, npo-

cxuHb, npocxHuaM bedsheet

H^BOJioqKa /., gen. pi. HaBOJioêK

pillow-case

nojioxeaqe neut., gen. pi. noJioxeneq

towel

njiaxoR m., gen. njiaxKa scarf;

hocob6h njiaxoK handkerchief

6ejibe neut., no pi. underwear; linen

HHWHee 5eabe underwear



176

ARTICLES OF TOILET

MbiJio neut., no pi. soap

sy^Hfiifl nacTa /. toothpasteKpeM AJiH 6pHTbH shaving cream

aySeoii nopomoK m., gen. nopomKatoothpowder

rySeaH noMana lipstick

iqeTKa /., gen. pi. mexoK brush;

1. sy^H^fl lueTKa toothbrush,

2. nêTKa ajih bgjioc (oAeHC^bi,

65yBH) hairbrush (clothes-brush,

shoe-brush)

paciecKa colloq. /., gen. pi. pacêcoK

combsepKajio neut., pi. sepKaJia, aepnaji

looking-glass

6pHTBa /. razor

AyxH no sing., gen. jiyxoB perfume

OAeKOJiOH m. eau-de-Cologne

nyApa /. powderKpeM m. cream

THE HOUSE AND ITS PARTS

flOM 771., pi. jiOMB. house

sAaene neut. building

noMeiueBBe neut. premises

dTa»< m., gen. aiaJKa floor, storey

noff'beaff m. entrance

KBapTHpa /. flat

KopHAop m. passage

KOMHaTa /. room

3aji m. hall

Ka6HHeT m. study

KyxHfl /., gen. pi. KyxoHb kitchen

cnajibHH /., gen. pi. cnaJien bedroom

CTOJioeaH /. dining-room

BaHHan /. bathroom

GajiKOB m. balcony

Kpuma /. roof

Tpy6a /., pi. Tpy6H chimney

jiB^T m. lift

jiecTBBua /. staircase

BepBJia no sing, railings

jspeph /., gen. pi. aBepen door

OKBO neut., pi. OKHa, okoh, OKHaM

windownoji m., prepos. na nojiy, pi. noJiu

floor

BOTOJioK m., gen. noTOJiKd ceiling

CTBBa /., ace. CTeey, pi. cxenH wall

noAOKOBBBK m. window-sill

saMOK m., gen. saMKa lock, padlock

KJiioq m., gen. KJiioâ key

FURNITURE

CTOJi m., gen. CTOJia table

CTyji m., pi. ciyjibfl chairmKa^) m., prepos. b mKa(|)y & o mKa-

$e, pi. mKa(|)u cupboard, wardrobeKBBHCBbifl mKa4> m. bookcase

6y4>eT m. buffet, dresser

cepBaBT m. sideboard

ABBdB m. divan

KpecJio neut., gen. pi. Kpeceji armchair

KpoBaTb /. bed

TyMGoqKa /., gen. pi. TyM6oHeK bed-

side table

BemajiKa /., gen. pi. BemaJiOK hanger

PLATES, DISHES, ETC.

Tape*iK^/., gen. pi. Tape.iOK plate

cxaKaH m. glass, tumbler

MamKa /., gen. pi. ^jameK cup

6jii6Aii;e neut., gen. pi. 6JlK)^,e^ saucer

BBJiKa /., gen. pi. bhjiok fork

.lOWKa /., gen. pi. jiojkck spoon

Boa« m., gen. noma, knife

KacTpiojifl /. sauce-pancKOBopoAa /., pi. CKOBopoAU frying-

pan

no^BOC m. tray

qaiiBBK m. teapot, teakettle

KpyHCKa /., gen. pi. Kpy?KeK mugKyBIDBB m. jug

6aBKa /., gen. pi. 6aH0K jar

6yTbijiKa /., gen. pi. 6yTUJiOK bottle

Baaa /. vase

rpa(bBB m. carafe

6oKaji m. wine-glasspioMKa /., gen. pi, pioMOK liqueur

glass

FOOD-STUFFS

xjie6 m. bread

Macjio neut., no pi.: c.iBBO^Boe M&cnobutter, pacTBTSJibBoe mScjio oil

HBiio neut., pi. flHua, Ann egg

cwp m., pi. CHpH cheese

cjiHBKH pi. creamCMeTâa /., no pi. sour cream

TBop6r m., no pi. cottage cheese

Ke4)Bp m., no pi. kefir

MOJioKo neut., no pi. milk

MHCO neut., no pi. meat

pwSa /. fish

KOBcepBu pi. preserves



177

K0Ji6aca /. sausage

rop^HEâ /. mustard

nepeu m., gen. nepi;a pepper

cojib /., no pi. salt

Kpyna /., pi. KpyuH groats

caxap m., no pi. sugar

KOH(feTa /. sweet

neneHbe neiit., no pi. pastry, biscuits

BapeHbe neut. jam

moKOjiaA rn., no pi. chocolate

Meff m., no pi. honey

MopoHteHoe neut., gen. MopojKenoro,

no pi. ice-cream

nnpoHCHoe neut., gen. nnpo^KHoro, pi.

nHpojKHHB fancy cakeBHHO neut., pi. BHHa wine

BO^Ka /. vodka

Dishes

a)'BaHerpeT m. Russian salad

HKpa /., no pi. caviare

cejib;5fa /., gen. pi. cejibjên herring

cajiaT m. salad

b) SyjibOH m. broth

cynm., pi. cynbi

soupmiH pi., no sing, nên, maM, ni;aMn,

(o) ntax cabbage soup

6opa^ m., gen. 6opina borsch

(beetroot soup)

paccojibHHK m. soup with pickled

cucumbers, capers, etc.

Jianma /., no pi. noodle soup

c) 6H4)raTeKc m. beefsteak

ryjiHra m. goulash

KOTJiexa /. rissole, cutlet

poMmTeKc.m. rumpsteak

neneHKa /., no pi. liver

cupHHKH pi. cottage-cheese pan-

cakes

niHHqeJib m. schnitzel

HH^Hnqa [-mn-] /. fried eggs

d) MaKapoHbi pi. macaroni

Kama /. cereal pudding

pnc m., no pi. rice

e) KaKao neut. indecl. cocoa

K64)e m., indecl. coffee

qaii m., no pi. tea

KOMnoT m. stewed fruit

KHcejib m., gen. KHcejia thin (fruit)

jelly

Fruit, Berries, Vegetables

aGpHKoc m. apricot

ananac m. pineapple

aneJibCHH m. orange

5aHaH m. banana

rpyma /. pear

jiHMOH m. lemonMaHâpHH m. tangerine

nepcHK m. peach

h6jioko neut., pi. hSjiokh, gen. a6jiOK

apple

BHHorpan ^' grapes

MopKOBb /., no pi. carrots

orypeu; m., gen. oryprta cucumber

noMHAop m. tomato

BHmHH /., gen. pi. EHmen cherry

KJiySHHKa /., no pi. strawberries

cjiHBa /. plumqeperanfl /., gen. pi. qepemeu sweet

cherry

ap6y3 m. water-melon

AbiHH /. melon

repox m., no pi. peas

KanycTa /., no pi. cabbage

KapTO^JCJib m., no pi. potatoes

jiyK m., no pi. onion(s)

CBeKJia /., no pi. beetroot

pe^HC m., no pi. radishes

peAHCKa /., colloq. radishes

(j)ac6jib /., no pi. French beans

PLANTS

Trees

6epe3a /. birch

Ay6 m., pi. Ay6M, -6b oak

e.ib /. fir-tree

HBa /. willow

Kejq) m. cedar

KJieH m. maple

ocHHa /. aspen

najibMa /. palmcocHa /., pi. cocuH, cocen pine-tree

Flowers

acTpa /. aster

BacHJieK m., gen. BacHJibKa corn-

flower

JiaHjûm m. lily-of-the-valley

MaK m. poppy

HesaGyAKa /., gen. pi. ueaaSyAOK

forget-me-not

<|)najiKa /., gen. pi. ^naJiOK violet

poMamKa /., gen. pi. poMamcK daisy

poaa /. rose



178

Cereals

KyKypyaa /., no pi. maize

OBec m., gen. OBca oats

nmeHHqa /., no pi. wheat

po>Kb /., gen. pjKH, no pi. rye

pHC m., no pi. rice

ANIMALS AND BIRDS

Wild Animals

BOJiK m., gen. pi. bojikob wolf

ea« m., gen. ema hedgehog

sajui m., gen. 3aHâ hare

KpoKOAHJi m. crocodilejieB m., gen. jibsa lion

jinca /., pi. jmcH fox

MeABe^b m. bear

o6e3bflHa /. monkey, ape

CJiOH m., gen. cjiona elephant

THrp m. tiger

qepenaxa /. tortoise

Domestic Animals

BepGjiiOA ni. camel

BOJi m., gen. BOJia ox

Koaa /., pi. Koati goat

KopoBa /. cowKomKa /., gen. pi. KomeK cat

Jioma^b /., gen. pi. JiomaêH horse

OBqa /., pL OBnH, ouen sheep

oceji m., gen. ocjia donkeyco6aRa /. dog

CBHHbfl /., pi. CBHHbH, CBHHeH pig

Bopo6eH m., gen

Bopona /. crow

Birds

Bopo6bH sparrow

rojiySb m., gen. pi. roJiyGen pigeon,

dove

rycb m., gen. pi. rycei goose

BHAioK m., gen. HHfliOKa turkeyK^pniâ /., pi. KypH hen

jieoeAb m., gen. pi. jie6efleH swanopeji m., gen. opjia eagle

nonyran m. parrot

naBJiHH m. pea-cock

cTpayc m. ostrich

yxKa /., gen. pi. yxoK duck

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

aaoT m. nitrogen

ajiiOMHHHH m. aluminium6poM m. bromine

BOAopoA m. hydrogen

rejiHH m. helium

HceJieso neut. iron

SOJIOTO neut. gold

HOff m. iodine

Kajinii m. potassium

cepa /. sulphur

cepe6p6 neut. silver

CTponqHH m. strontium

CBHHeu, m., gen. CBHHua lead

KHCJiopoA m. oxygen

MBflb /. copper

HaTpnii m. sodiumHHKejib m. nickel

ojiOBO neut. tin

paAHH m. radium

pryrb /. mercury

yrjiepoff m. carbon

ypan m. uranium4>6c4»op m. phosphorus

xjiop m. chlorine



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