essential questions:How does muckraking lead to actual

reform, as seen around 1900? PART 1: PROGRESSIVE ERA MUCKRAKING

When? related words:

description:

Progressive Era

about 1890 to WWI (1917)

the time of a movement for progress to correct the problems of the Gilded Age

A muckraker is an investigative reporter who exposed problems during the Progressive Era.

McClure’s was the most

famous magazine for

muckrakers to publish

their investigative

reports.

consider:

How does the video affect the way that you think about the food that you eat?

example:

Jacob Riis attacked urban slums with his book, How the Other Half Lives.

We will look at some photographs taken for his book. Describe what problems he is exposing and how he exposed them in the space provided. The titles for each are written by Riis.

Dens of Death

A Flat in the Pauper's

Barracks with All Its

Furniture

It Costs a Dollar a Month to Sleep in These Sheds

Scene on the Roof of the Mott Street Barracks

Men's Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station

A Seven-Cent Lodging House, Pell Street

Bohemian Cigarmakers at Work in Their Tenement

The Slide That Was the Children's Only Playground

Night School in the Seventh Avenue Lodging House

The Walls Began to Give

Use the pages given to complete the chart about the muckrakers. Notice the extra question for Upton Sinclair.

muckraker what problem he/she exposed

how he/she exposed the problem

Jacob RiisDescribe the pictures (pages 418-419 in the text if absent) that he used in his book.

urban slums wrote the book How the Other Half Lives

example:

Ida Tarbell

Lincoln Steffens

Upton Sinclair

“…old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together… the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one – there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.”

excerpt from The Jungle

This causes the Meat Inspection

Act to be passed.

Modern Muckraking due by Friday:You are to do some muckraking of your own and compare it to Progressive Era muckraking. Consider a problem in society that you think needs more exposure to get the public and the government to act on it.

CRITERIA 0 POINTS: 1 POINT: 2 POINTS: 3 POINTS:

muckrakingYou have not exposed a problem.

Your muckraking is related to a modern problem, but does not discuss it much OR Your muckraking is not on a modern problem.

Your muckraking relates to a modern problem, but does not focus primarily on the problem (perhaps too much focus on a possible solution)

Your muckraking focuses on exposing the extent of a modern problem

comparison 1

You have not noted any accurate similarities of differences.

You have noted an inaccurate and/or completely insignificant similarity or difference between your muckraking and Progressive Era muckraking.

You have noted either an accurate and insignificant or a significant and somewhat inaccurate similarity or difference between your muckraking and Progressive Era muckraking.

You have noted an accurate and significant similarity or difference between your muckraking and Progressive Era muckraking.

other

Your muckraking is none of the following:

thorough easy to interpret on time

Your muckraking is one of the following:

thorough easy to interpret on time

Your muckraking is two of the following:

Thorough easy to interpret on time

Your muckraking is: thorough easy to interpret on time

consider:

How can you, or anyone else, act to fix a problem in society once they realize how bad the problem is?

essential question:

How does muckraking lead to

actual reform, as seen around 1900?

PART 2: MUCKRAKING CAUSES REFORM

description of problems:

who / what exposed the extent of the problem:

what reform resulted:

Problem #1: Labor Problems

How can we describe the problems that labor (workers) faced?

• desperate immigrants keeping wages low

• others?

Problem #1: Labor

desperate immigrants keeping wages low

• labor unions (i.e. Samuel Gompers and the AFL)

who / what exposed the extent of the problem:

• Lewis Hine’s photographs of child workers

Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads and to put

back the empty bobbins. Bibb Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga.

This is a young driver in the Brown mine. Has been

driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily.

Brown, W. Va.

Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. 3 boys looked under 14. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small

boys and girls were employed. Youngsters all smoke. Tampa, Fla.

The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of

youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, S.C.

Richard Pierce, age 14, a Western Union

Telegraph Co. messenger. Nine

months in service, works from 7 a.m. to 6

p.m. Smokes and visits houses of prostitution.

Wilmington, Del.

• newspapers’ coverage of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

more images from the fire:

• some improved conditions and pay for workers, including safety laws

What reform took place?

union membership, 1897-1920

• child labor laws passed

What was the problem?

• others?

Problem #2: urban slums

• immigrants flood cities (overpopulation)

• Jacob Riis

Who/what led the way for reform?

• the Social Gospel Movement (salvation through service to the poor)

What reform took place?• Jane Addams created the

Hull House, a settlement house, to provide housing and other assistance to the poor

What problems does alcohol cause?

Problem #3: alcohol

• Carrie Nation and others worked for prohibition (banning alcohol) by advertising dangers

Who/what led the way for reform?

• 18th Amendment = prohibition

What reform took place?

problem

Now, create a formula for problems 2 and 3 in your groups. Be sure that the problem, muckraking, and solution all go together.

The Progressive Era formula

child labor

+ Lewis Hine

= child labor laws

+ muckraking (someone or something exposing the problem, leading citizens to demand change)

= reform

example for problem #1:

What was the problem?

• women could not vote• others?

Problem #4: women

Who/what led the way for reform?

What reform took place?

Skim chapter 13, section 2 to fill in this portion of the chart.

Who/what led the way for reform?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights from the Seneca Falls Convention to the Progressive Era

Carrie Chapman Catt, left,

represented the new

conservative side of the

women’s rights movement; Alice Paul was part of

a more militant group of

activists in the late 1800s.

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organized a protest parad to coincide with President Wilson’s Inauguration in March 1913.

many also opposed women’s suffrage:

What reform took place?

• Lincoln Steffens

Who/what led the way for reform?

• Thomas Nast

What was the problem?• elected officials

helping “robber barons”

Problem #5: government

What reforms took place?• voters are given more power

(i.e. 17th Amendment allows for direct election of senators)

state legislature

votes for chooses

U.S. Senators

votes directly for

• progressive politicians (i.e. Robert LaFollette) replace the corrupt ones

Teddy Roosevelt, seen right, would tame the Tammany Tiger. Robert LaFollette, above, reformed Wisconsin’s state government.

problem

Now, create a formula for problems 4 and 5 individually. Be sure that the

problem, muckraking, and solution all go together.

The Progressive Era formula

+ muckraking (someone or something exposing the problem, leading citizens to demand change)

= reform

Progressive Era Muckraking Reforms ReviewOne common mnemonic device (memory tool) is creating an acrostic. This is done by memorizing the first letter of each word in a phrase. Ideally, the first letters will form a real word or name, but may also form a nonsensical word. An example is below. Create two others based on the muckraking reformers of the Progressive Era.

example:

JETHRO

acob Riis

xposed

enements in

ow the Other Half Lives,

ead

ften