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Essential QuestionEssential Question
Which events brought Which events brought the United States into the United States into
World War II?World War II?
Norway and DenmarkNorway and Denmark Germany needed Germany needed
iron shipments iron shipments from Sweden for from Sweden for industryindustry
April 1940 – April 1940 – German army took German army took control of Norway control of Norway and Denmark to and Denmark to protect iron protect iron shipmentsshipments
Netherlands, Belgium, Netherlands, Belgium, LuxembourgLuxembourg
Germany’s plan – Germany’s plan – move around the move around the Maginot LineMaginot Line
May 10, 1940 – May 10, 1940 – Hitler launched a Hitler launched a blitzkrieg in the blitzkrieg in the westwest
France SurrendersFrance Surrenders
June 22, 1940June 22, 1940
France France surrendered to surrendered to GermanyGermany
Germany installed Germany installed a puppet a puppet governmentgovernment
England’s ResponseEngland’s Response
Winston Churchill Winston Churchill – new prime – new prime ministerminister
Hitler expected Hitler expected Britain to Britain to negotiate peacenegotiate peace
Churchill Churchill remained defiantremained defiant
Speech in Parliament, Speech in Parliament, ChurchillChurchill
““Even though large tracts of Europe Even though large tracts of Europe have fallen . . . We shall not flag or have fallen . . . We shall not flag or fail . . . We shall defend our island, fail . . . We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”surrender.”
Battle of Britain (1940)Battle of Britain (1940)
German German Luftwaffe Luftwaffe attempted to attempted to destroy the destroy the British Royal Air British Royal Air ForceForce
Bombing of LondonBombing of London
August 23, 1940 August 23, 1940 – German planes – German planes first dropped first dropped bombs on Londonbombs on London
England England retaliated by retaliated by bombing Berlin bombing Berlin the next nightthe next night
Bombings of LondonBombings of London
Hitler’s new Hitler’s new goal – terrorize goal – terrorize British British population into population into surrenderingsurrendering
British hid British hid nightly in nightly in bomb shelters, bomb shelters, subway subway tunnelstunnels
British TechnologyBritish Technology
Developed radar, Developed radar, placed stations placed stations along the coastalong the coast
British planes British planes shot down more shot down more Germans than Germans than could be could be replacedreplaced
Germany’s Plan ChangesGermany’s Plan Changes
Oct. 12, 1940Oct. 12, 1940
Hitler cancelled Hitler cancelled the invasion of the invasion of BritainBritain
British pilots had British pilots had saved Britain from saved Britain from invasion invasion
Quote, ChurchillQuote, Churchill
““Never in the field Never in the field of human conflict of human conflict was so much was so much owed by so many owed by so many to so few.”to so few.”
Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act
By Dec. 1940 – By Dec. 1940 – Great Britain ran Great Britain ran out of money to out of money to fight Germanyfight Germany
Allowed shipment Allowed shipment of supplies to of supplies to Britain as a country Britain as a country “vital to the “vital to the defense of the defense of the U.S.”U.S.”
Hitler Attacks Soviet UnionHitler Attacks Soviet Union
June 1941 – June 1941 – launched an launched an invasion into the invasion into the U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.
Churchill said that Churchill said that any “who fights any “who fights against Nazism against Nazism will have our aid.”will have our aid.”
Atlantic Atlantic CharterCharter
August 1941August 1941
Roosevelt and Roosevelt and Churchill met Churchill met off the coast of off the coast of NewfoundlandNewfoundland
Agreed to a Agreed to a postwar world postwar world of democracy of democracy and free tradeand free trade
U.S. vs. JapanU.S. vs. Japan
Japan threatened Japan threatened British colonies in British colonies in the Pacificthe Pacific
Roosevelt Roosevelt blocked the sale blocked the sale of airplane fuel of airplane fuel and scrap iron to and scrap iron to JapanJapan
Axis PowersAxis Powers
Japan signed an Japan signed an alliance with alliance with Germany and Germany and ItalyItaly
Pearl HarborPearl Harbor
Japan made a surprise Japan made a surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941attack on Dec. 7, 1941
Sank or damaged 21 Sank or damaged 21 ships of the U.S. ships of the U.S. Pacific fleetPacific fleet
Destroyed 188 Destroyed 188 airplanes, killed 2403 airplanes, killed 2403 AmericansAmericans
Declaration of WarDeclaration of War
Dec. 8, 1941 Dec. 8, 1941 – Roosevelt – Roosevelt asked asked Congress to Congress to declare wardeclare war
PassedPassed
Roosevelt’s SpeechRoosevelt’s Speech““Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which
will live in infamy – the United States of will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the naval and air forces of attacked by the naval and air forces of Japan . . . I believe I interpret the will of the Japan . . . I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but we will make certain that this uttermost, but we will make certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us form of treachery shall never endanger us again . . . No matter how long it may take us again . . . No matter how long it may take us . . . The American people in their righteous . . . The American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.”might will win through to absolute victory.”
Germany’s ResponseGermany’s Response
Dec. 11, Dec. 11, 19411941
Both Both Germany Germany and Italy and Italy declared declared war on war on the U.S.the U.S.
U.S. War ProductionU.S. War Production
American war American war production production turned the tide turned the tide in favor of the in favor of the AlliesAllies
Tanks Replaced CarsTanks Replaced Cars
Automobile Automobile industry mass industry mass produced trucks, produced trucks, jeeps, and tanksjeeps, and tanks
Assembly lines Assembly lines for most military for most military equipmentequipment
Liberty ShipsLiberty Ships
Basic cargo Basic cargo ship for the ship for the warwar
Welded in Welded in shipyardsshipyards
War Production BoardWar Production Board
Determined the Determined the most important most important goods to be goods to be produced and the produced and the distribution of distribution of raw materialsraw materials
Selective Service and Training Selective Service and Training ActAct
Peacetime draft Peacetime draft begun after begun after Germany Germany invaded France invaded France in 1940in 1940