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Essential QuestionEssential Question:: What role did the U.S. play in What role did the U.S. play in
winning the wars in Europe & winning the wars in Europe & the Pacific?the Pacific?
Warm-Up Question:Warm-Up Question: What other major American What other major American
war is most similar in its war is most similar in its resemblance to the U.S. resemblance to the U.S. entrance into WW2?entrance into WW2?
Battle of The AtlanticBattle of The Atlantic Germany attempted to stop supplies Germany attempted to stop supplies
reaching the Alliesreaching the Allies German U-boat operations led to the German U-boat operations led to the
sinking of numerous Allied shipssinking of numerous Allied ships ““Wolfpack” operations began against Wolfpack” operations began against
convoysconvoys
Battle of Atlantic Cont’dBattle of Atlantic Cont’d Growth of US participationGrowth of US participation
- Germans initiate unrestricted - Germans initiate unrestricted submarine warfaresubmarine warfare
-Germans attack shipping routes -Germans attack shipping routes near US Coastnear US Coast- Allies use a convoy system and air - Allies use a convoy system and air cover to improve the amount of cover to improve the amount of supplies reaching the Alliessupplies reaching the Allies-Increased loss of German -Increased loss of German submarines, turning point of the submarines, turning point of the battlebattle
The Allies began to win the Battle of the Atlantic in 1941 with Lend-Lease aid, but took control in
1943 with America’s entry into the war
North African TheaterNorth African TheaterGermany and it’s allies controlled much of
Europe and Northern Africa. In 1942, British and American troops invaded North Africa and won control of the area by the middle of 1943.
When the U.S. entered WW2 in late 1941, victory seemed remote
Germany controlled almost all of Europe
Axis armies controlled
Northern Africa & threatened
the Suez Canal
Germany pressed into Russia
Japan dominated the western half of the Pacific Ocean
But…over the next 2 years, the U.S. & the Allies began to win the wars in Europe & the Pacific
Europe 1941-1943
To win the European campaign, 2 different plans were proposed
The U.S. wanted to attack across Nazi-controlled France by 1943
England wanted to attack Italy from Northern Africa in 1942
In 1942, U.S.-Anglo troops began the Italian campaign
& Stalin was ANGRYIn 1943, the Soviet army won at Stalingrad; Germany was never again on the offensive
The USSR “freed” Poland, Hungary, Romania
Italian CampaignItalian Campaign Roosevelt and Churchill Roosevelt and Churchill
met in Casablanca and met in Casablanca and determined that they determined that they would accept only would accept only unconditional unconditional surrenders from Axis surrenders from Axis Power countriesPower countries
The Battle of Anzio was The Battle of Anzio was the bloodiest of the the bloodiest of the campaign. It last 4 campaign. It last 4 months.months.
The Italian king called The Italian king called Mussolini to Rome and Mussolini to Rome and had him arrested.had him arrested.
Tehran Conference, 1943Tehran Conference, 1943 In 1943, FDR, Churchill, Stalin met in Tehran, In 1943, FDR, Churchill, Stalin met in Tehran,
Iran for the first of three wartime conferences: Iran for the first of three wartime conferences: The USA, Britain, USSR coordinated their The USA, Britain, USSR coordinated their
war strategywar strategy FDR & Churchill finally committed to Stalin’s FDR & Churchill finally committed to Stalin’s
demands to open a western front (D-Day)demands to open a western front (D-Day) Discussed plans to create a “general Discussed plans to create a “general
internat’l organization” to promote “peace & internat’l organization” to promote “peace & security” (UN)security” (UN)
By agreeing to “Operation Overlord” (D-Day), the Allies would divide the
Axis military across two fronts
FDR proposed a future United Nations dominated by “4 policemen” (USA, Britain, China, & USSR)
with power to “deal immediately with any sudden emergency which requires action”
European TheaterEuropean Theater General Dwight David Eisenhower,
Supreme Allied Commander, coordinated the plan to recapture Europe. On June 6th, 1944 Operation Overlord was launched. It is most commonly referred to as D-Day..
The long-awaited 2nd front came on June 6,
1944 with D-Day
U.S. & British troops landed at 5 strategic points, pushed through France drove
towards Germany
Europe 1944-1945
Yalta Conference in February Yalta Conference in February 1945 1945
The “Big 3” met at Yalta to The “Big 3” met at Yalta to discuss post-war Europe given discuss post-war Europe given the eminent defeat of Germany:the eminent defeat of Germany: Stalin refused to give up Eastern Stalin refused to give up Eastern
Europe but he did agree to “self-Europe but he did agree to “self-determination” determination”
Stalin agreed to send Soviet troops Stalin agreed to send Soviet troops to the Pacific after the German to the Pacific after the German surrender if the USSR could keep surrender if the USSR could keep Manchuria Manchuria
To recognize the independence & sovereignty of nations in Eastern Europe
Soon after the Yalta Conference in Feb 1945, FDR died…and Harry Truman became president
In late April 1945, the Allies broke through the Eastern & Western Fronts forcing both
Italy & Germany to surrender
Essential QuestionEssential Question:: What was the American What was the American
strategy for winning the war in strategy for winning the war in the Pacific? the Pacific?
War in the PacificWar in the Pacific By 1942, Japan had captured Burma, Hong Kong,
Malaya, Thailand, and the Philippines. The Allied troops took back the Pacific with a
strategy called island hopping. The US Navy and Marines avoided Japanese strongholds and attacked areas of weakness.
The Doolittle Raid on Tokyo on April 18, 1942 was a morale boost
U.S. victory at Midway in 1942 gave the Allies naval supremacy
“Island-hopping” allowed the Allies to win strategic islands without investing precious
time, resources, & American lives
The Japanese refused to play by according to the Geneva Convention “rules” of war
Victories at Saipan in 1944 & Iwo Jima & Okinawa in 1945 allowed for bombings on Japan
The German surrender in May 1945, allowed the U.S. to turn its full attention towards Japan
The Decision to Drop the A-The Decision to Drop the A-BombBomb
With no definitive end it sight, how With no definitive end it sight, how would the Allies defeat Japan?would the Allies defeat Japan? The U.S. military favored a full-scale The U.S. military favored a full-scale
invasion of Tokyo by 1946invasion of Tokyo by 1946 The Japanese refused to surrender & The Japanese refused to surrender &
were arming civilians for an Allied were arming civilians for an Allied invasion invasion
At the At the Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference in July 1945, in July 1945, Truman gave the order to use the Truman gave the order to use the atomic bombatomic bomb
Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago
Triumph & Tragedy in the Triumph & Tragedy in the PacificPacific
In August 1945, the USA forced Japan In August 1945, the USA forced Japan to surrender by dropping 2 atomic to surrender by dropping 2 atomic bombs bombs
Effect of the atomic bomb:Effect of the atomic bomb: Saved hundreds of thousands of Saved hundreds of thousands of
American (& Japanese) livesAmerican (& Japanese) lives Revenge for Pearl Harbor Revenge for Pearl Harbor Showed the USSR that the USA had the Showed the USSR that the USA had the
ultimate weapon (began theultimate weapon (began the ColdCold WarWar nuclearnuclear armsarms race)race)
HiroshimaNagasaki
WW2 Timeline WW2 Timeline ((AlliesAllies, Axis, , Axis, USSRUSSR))
Its Finally Over!Its Finally Over!
ConclusionsConclusions WW2 was the largest & deadliest war WW2 was the largest & deadliest war
in history & changed the U.S.in history & changed the U.S. Wartime industry ended the Great Wartime industry ended the Great
Depression, expanded the size of the Depression, expanded the size of the federal gov’t, & ushered in affluent federal gov’t, & ushered in affluent decade decade
The USA emerged as a world The USA emerged as a world superpower, developed a nuclear superpower, developed a nuclear arsenal, & engaged a Cold War against arsenal, & engaged a Cold War against the USSRthe USSR