ESSAYS ON THE KNIGHTS AND

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

IN MALTA

1500 - 1798

MARIO BUHAGIAR

midseaBCDKS

Contents

Abbreviations

Preface

List of Plates

Frivolous and VainglOlious Grand Master de Paul

Hughes de Loubens de Verdalle 1531-1582-1 595 Cardinal and G rand Master

The Miraculous Image of the Madonna of Philermos and its Uniqueness to the Knight Hospitallers of J erusalem, Rhodes and Malta

The Treasure of Relics and Reliquaries of the Knight Hospitallers in Malta

The Treasure of the Knight Hospitallers in 1530: Reflections and Art Historical Considerations

Church Art and Architecture in the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Cen turies: A Focus on Some of Malta's

VII

IX

XlIl

9

13

29

55

Lesser Known Artistic Heritage. 73

The Baroque Art of the Maltese Islands 89

Two Signed Paintings by Giulio Cassanno 99

v

The Beheading 'if SI Catherine at Zejtun, Malta: A Maltese-Sicilian Caravaggist Painting 105

Paintings in Cow: Patronage in a Small bland Community 113

Images of Death in Early Modern Paintings in Malta 123

Malta's Art Historical Contacts with France: 1530-1798 131

The Auberge d'Aragon: An Art Historical Appreciation 145

The Ceiling of the Church of the Virgin of Victory, Valletta: Its Significance to the History of Maltese Baroque Painting 151

The Paintings of Francesco Vincenzo Zahra (171 0- 1773) A Critical Appreciation 157

The Church of StJames in Merchants Street, Valletta: An Art Historical Appreciation 175

Niceolo Nasoni between Malta and Portugal 181

Antonio Pippi: A Forgotten Quadraturista 189

The Cathedral City of Mdina: A Case Study of Baroque Triumphal Revivalism in the Central Mediterranean Island Principality of the Knights of The Hospital of StJohn 193

The Portuguese Soeio-Artistie Imprint on Eighteenth Century Malta: The Baroque Triumphalism of Don Antonio Manoe! de Vilhena and Don Emanuel Pinto de Fonseea 201

Plates 213

Ceneral Bibliography 307

Index 319

VI

Index

A

Abela, Cian Francesco (historian and cognoccnte), ix, 24, G3 , 75 Academic de l'Architecture, France, 140 Accademia dell' Arcadia, Italy, 201, 211n Accademia di an Luca, Rome, 95,96,97, 11 8, 119, 137, 176 Advanced Gate, Vittoriosa, 1 '~ 3

Agius de Soldanis, Giovannj Pietro (historian and cognocente), 11 5, 132, 189 Aglabhids, 193 Agrippina di Nineo (Saint), 87n Aix-en.Provcnce, 143, 197 Alexander VII (Pope), 21, 22 Alfonso J (King), 3, 7n Algardi, Alcssandro (sculptor), 91 ,92, 93 Alpheran de Bussall , Fra Panio (Bishop), 143 , 164,197 Alpheran de Bussall , Fra Mdchior, 23 Amato, Don PaoIo (architect) , 141 A ndrew of C re te (Saint), 39 Andrew the Apostle, 39 Anne (Saint), 49, 5211 Anne of Austria (Queen of trance), 48, 5211 Anthony the Abbot (Saint), 38 Antioch,30 Antnnello da Messina (painter), 78 AllIoninus of Florence (Saint), 164 An tonio Emanuele di Mc~ina (paimer) , 189 Aquilina, Fr George (historian), 52 Aragol1cse Crown, 7 Archiepiscopal Curia, Malta, IG6, 168 Arezzo, 82, 181 Ariagnd, Fra Don Gio Paoio, 46

Argentina, 136 Armenia., 106 Arms of Castillc and i.kon, 176 Asscnsa, Franeesco (silversmith), 24 Attardu, Blasio (procurator of the Parish Chu rch of Auard), 76 Attardu, Lytcrio (procurator of the Parish Church of Attard), 76 Aubcrgc d 'Alemagnc, Valletta, 146, 147 Auberge d 'Aragon, Valletta, 145·150 Auberge de CastiIJe, Vailetta, 145, 150, 203 , 209 Auberge d' h alic, VaUetta, 146, 148 Auberge de Provence, Vallelta, 146, 148, 184 Augusta, Sicily, 141 Augustinian Priory, Victoria, 114 A\'cntine H ill, Rome, 9 1 Avignon, France, 136 A\'oia, Sicily, 100

B

Bachelicu , Fran~ois (military engineer), 141, 142 Baia, Naples, 42 Bah'llolct near Paris, 138 Balaguer y Camara~a, Fra Miguel (Bishop) , 63 Balbiani , Fra Flamin io, 23 Dalbiani, Fra Cristoforo, 24 Balzan (market town in Ma lta), 3 Bambacci, Baldasarc (painter), 154 Sanca G iuratale, Mdina, sec Mdina, municipal Palace

319

ESSAYS ON T HE KNIGHTS AND ART AND ARCHIT ECTURE IN MALTA

Banca C iuratale, Cozo, 1-l-3 BalOni , Pumpco (painter), 138 Barbara , Giovanni (a rchitect), 164, 200n Barbara, D on Ciovanni (philanthropist), 17'2 Barbary Corsairs,S Ban.:ellona, 56 Bamz7.i,Jacopo, sce Vigno]a Banalesi, Urbano (scu]plOr), !l3 BartdJo t Cl)'Pt , CC)lWenl ua! C h UITh, Vallctta. 63 Basilil.:a of St Peter, Rome, 129 Bay of Biscay, 178 Bayezid (Ottoman Sultan), :W Belgium, 134 Belli, Andrea (architect), 96, 200n. 209 Bdlini, Giovanni (paintcr), 3-l-Bcllori, Cian Pict ro (biographer of a rtists). 92 Bcnedict XIlI (Pupe), 184,20-1 Bcnedict of Norci<l (Saint). 99 Bcn('dictine ),Jonastery o f" S t Peter, i\[dina, 197 Bcnetial, i\ Ian:o (painter), 138 Berlin, 102 Berna rd of C lairvaux (Saint), 39 Bernard , Pierre (pai nter), 137, 202~3

Bernini. Cian Lorenzo (llculptor and architect), 89, 91 , 93, 9..j. Bcrrcllini , Pictro, sCc Pietra dOl Cortona BCl'lnl ndu, Ludovico (Saint), IG4 BibJiothcca Publica, Valletta, sce National I,ibrary of .Malta Bihliolheca Ap(J~IO[i('a, Vatjeana . 21 BibliothCque National, Paris, 25n Bir Miftuh church, see Parish uf Santa i\Iaria, Bir M itiuh Bi r i\Iiftuh paintings. 124 Birgu. sec \'iucllima Birkirkara, Malta, 86 Blaise, Saint, :;8, 51 n Blonde!. i\federieo (a rch itect), !H , 1!l4 BlondcJ des Croisettcs. :vlery (a rchifect and militaryenl-,>1l1c-cr). t 38, 1-t 0 Blondcl Franc:;ois (Field l\l an; llal in tht' Frcndl army). H O, 194 Biondy, (\lain (histnri:lIl1. SOn, 111 n Bobuli Carden.~, FI()n:~nce. 162 Bohem ia, I..j.7 ROlllt\,-ja, Gi useppc (a rchitcct). 153 Bonello, Vinccn7'.O (art historian), 79 Boniface (Sain t) , -I Honnici Call, R:lfd (painter and restnrer), I Un Bordino Famil~; 78 Borghesc Collection, Rome, GO Borght' se. Scipiollc (Cardinal), 59, 60

Bormla. ~Iaha , 4, 62, 96, 162 BorrigcUo, Fra. AlIreiio, 17 Borromco, Carlo (Saint), 40, 44 H(lrrom eo, Mgr Federico (Inquisitor), 44 Burrom ini, Fra nce!lCO (architect), 176 BOSl"h("uo. )'1a.ha , 11

Eosin. Giacomo (historian), 42, 50n, 56, 135 BOllari, SaivalOrc (art historian), 79 Bottega of ;vbuia P reti, 154, 159 Bm,-jo, Mgr Carlo {Inquisitor), 2 Brazil, 136, 186 Brazilian Baroque, 186

Braydon, Pat riek {traveller and author) 89 20 1 ~ , ,

British Institute. l\'lalca, 149 BriHany, 45, 107 Brllschi , Oumen ico (painter), 120 Bugeja, VlIlcenzo (philanthropist), 120 Buhal,,>1ar, AllIonio (sc ulptor), x Buhagiar, Emanuele (!lCulptor), x Bu hagiar, Gi:J.1l Nicola (p ainter), 95, 119, 153, 158,162-3, 164,1 66 Buhagiar, K cith (archac()logist), xi Ruhagiar, Lilian:J., xi Buhagiar. Rocw (painter), 97 , 118. 11 9 Hulgarini. Fra Fa.uslO. 124 BuonaIUici. Francesco (architect), 94, 140 Bunntalellti, Ber nardo (sculptor), 182 Suot , Fra Renc, +8 Bur-mola, sec Burm la, 4 BUSll tti l, ~lichcle (paintcr), l l9 Byz.m til\[· Aft , 55 Byzantinc Empire, 37 Bp:antine ImperiaJ Cuun School of icon painting, 20

C

C ab.-t' de Roquc\-airc, F.-a Nicholas, 33 Cachia, Lcopuldo, 5311 Cam., :\fe1ch inrrc (sculptor), 89, 92 , 95 Cagliare~, ~l g- r Baldassarc (Bishop), 2 , 105, 106,107. 11+, 115 Calcle ra da Caravaru,rio, Polidoro, sce Pulidoro Caldcr-a da Caravaggio Cali, Giuscppe (pain ter), x, 120 Calleja , G iU!;cppe (painter), 77 C amilleri, Daniel, xi Canova, Antonio (SCll1ptor), 129 Ca(Jr~i n. GuiUaullIc (chancellor and eh runicier of tht' Hopitallers), 15, 24n, 32,

SOn Capilano della Vcrga , 3 C apmrola o ll tide Rome, II

320

INDL,

Capuchin church, Gaza, 85, 120n Cap Llchin ~'I Llsellm, Floriana, Malta, 85. 120n Caracciolo, G iovanni Battista (paiuter), 91 Carafa, Fra Grcgorio (Grand !\llastcr), 4{i,

48, 93 Carafa, Fra Paolo, 152 Carala, Fm Vincenzo, 59, 60 Carapccchia, Romano (architect), 9+, 95, 159, 175, 176, 186 Caravagf,';o, !\1 ichdangelo M erisi (pain ter), 60, 61 ,90, 100, 105, 109, I l l, 125-6, 132, IGO,178 Cardona, Don An lonio (feudal lord of Malta),7n Carmeii te C hurch. Mdina , 9+, 1+1,1 04-,195 Ca rm elilc church, Vallena, 91,109, 152, 153 Carmeli t ~ friars in ld alta, 76, 77, 124-5,153 , 194 Carnival, 14G Carpasco, (Rhodiol Greek p riest), 14-Carracca Sant' Anna, 16,62, 6+ Caruana, AA. (archaeologist), 78 Casa di CarLt,l, see Conservatorio, Floriana Casa Bnndi , Cozo Castello, 116 Casa Bolino, Valle na, 149 Casa Leon i, Santa Vcnera, 1 4:~

Casa ~.fanresa, Floriana, 166 Casi, Val d i Sieve, Florence, 175 Cassar, Vtttorio (archited), 6 Cassal~ Gerolamo (architect), 6, 11 , 74, 145, 148,149 Cassarin(), Fra nccsco (painter). 109 Cassan no, Giulio (painter), 99- 103,109,1 10, I II,I2G Castellclli, Giovanni, 117 Castille, Spain, 116 C~tillian Knights, 178 Castrum M ans sce Fort St Angelo Castone de lla Torrc d i Rczzonico, Carlo (cognocente), 34, 89 Catacomb of PrisciUa, Rome, 52 Catalunya, 43 , 117 Cat hedral M useum, ;"ldina, 41 , 66, 67 , 126, 130n , 143, 194-6 Cathcdl7ll of Vannes, Brittany, 45 Cathcrine of Alexandria (Saint), 36, 37 Catheri ne the Great (Tzarina), 205 Cathcrine of Austria (Q ueen), 37 Catholic Europe, 10,20 1 Cauchi,J ohn A. (curator of fi ne arts), 99, 10 1, 102, 11O, I74n Caumons, fra Francisque, 92 Cave ch urch of St Agatha, Rabat, Malta, 77 -78

Cave church of St Leunard, Rabat, Malta, 77 Chapel of Ar.lgOIl, Conventual Church. Valletta,45 Chapel of AuYcrgne, ConventuaJ C hurch, Valletta, 95 , 16 1 Chapel of CaslilJe, COllvcntual Church , Valle tt:l, 137 Chapel of Germany, ConYcntual Church , Valletta, 16 1 C hapel of the Holy C rucifix, Cathedral C hun;h, Mdina , 170 Chapel of the Holy Relics, CO!lvcntual C hurch, Vallcna, 40, 63 C hapel of Ihe Nativity of the Virgin, Bir Mifi uh church, 79-80 Chapel of Sail Carlo Borromeo, sce Chapel of the Holy Relics, Convcntual Church, Valle tta Chapel of St Michad, Conventual Church, Vallctta,6 C hapel of Ihe Blessed SacrJ.ment, Gozo, Cathedral, I 16 Chapel of the Madonna of Philermos, see l\-1adonna of Phi1crmos, Chapel of the Madonna of the Rosary, Dominican church Rabat, Malta, 80 C hapels of Grand .Masters Palace, Vallc tLiI, 4-1,48 C harles V (Em peror), 7n, 55 C hcnn de Ballay, Jacque.~, 100 C hiaia, Naples, 60 Chiesa , G iovanni Palllo, 153, IS,} C hicsa lvladrc di Piazza Armcrina, Sit: ily, 87n Christ(lphcr (Saint), 46 Chu rch of ~hnosque , P rovcllt:t:, +8 Church of St Ann , rart StAlIgelo, 57 Church of Sl Amhony lhe Abbot, Rhudes, 25 C hurt:h of St AllthollY the Abbot, Vilt onosa, 133 C hurch of St Anthony of Padua, Fori Manoel, 1+2, 143,208 Church of St Barbara, Ta' G ruwa, C ow, 114 C hurch of S, Bartholom ew, Scidi, Sicily, 109 Church of St Calheri ne, Rhodes, 15 Church of St Fausl ino, Vitcrbo, +2 C hurt:h of St Francis, Vallctta, 9+, 154 Church of StJ ames, Vallett:t" 94, 175-9,186 Church of StJohn of Petra, Constantinople, 30 C hurch of StJ ohn the Almoner, 'Ta' G huxa', Bormla, Malta, 63 C hurch uf StJ oscph, Gozo, Ca..stello, 11 5 Church or St Leonard, Mosta, 125 Church of SI M ark Rhodes, 15,21 C hurch uf St Niehula ('Ta ' l- Envieh), Valletta 94

321

ESSAYS O N THE KNIGHTS AND ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN MAL1A

Church of SI Peter, Zurrieq, 76 Church of SI Roch, Mdina, 128, 142 Church of S, Roch, Valleua, 128 Church of St Sulpice, Paris, 48 Church of SI Ursola, Valletta, 29, 52n, [54 Church of SS Faustino and Giovita, Vitcrbo, 16, 56 Church of San Calaldus, Rabal , 17 1 Church of San Domcnico, Arezzo, 82 Church of San Domenico, Taverna, 116 Church of San Ignazio, Rome, 191 Church of San Lorenzo, Birgu, see Convclllual Church, Vitloriosa Church of San Mattew tal·Maqluba, Qrendi, Malta, 95 , 161 Church of San Pawl tat-Targa, Naxxar, 168 Church of San Salvador, Ubcda, Spain, 133 Church of San SalvalOrt=, VaUetta, 92 , 93 Church of Santa Cat.1.rina d'Italia, Vallctta, 94, 153, 175, 176 Church of Santa Domenica, Zabbar, BD Church of San Mattew tal-Maqluba . Q rendi, Malta, 95, 16 1 Church of Santa Liberata, Kalkara, Malt.a, 166 Church of Santa Margarita, RormL., 96, 172 Church of Santa Maria, Bubaqra, Zurricq, Malta, 124 Church of Santa Maria del Priorato, Rome, 91 Church of Sama Maria di Porta Salvo. Vallcua, 89 Church of Santa Maria di Gesu., Rabat, l\.1alta,64 Church of Santa Maria di Gestl, Vallctta, 94, 140, 154, 162 Church of Santa M aria in Campitelli , Rome, 140 Church of Santa "Marija, Ghajn Xejba. Cow, 11 4 Church of Santa Marija taJ-Knejjes, Malta, 75 Church of St Ubaldesca, Paola, Malta, 6 Chureh of the Annunciation, Wied Liemu, Rabat, Malta, 77 Church of the Annunciation, Wied il­LUl17Jata, Gom, 117 Church of the Clerigos, O pono, Portugal, 181,185 Church of the Epiph any, Fort SI Angclo, 59, 60 Church of the Immaculate Conception, Qala, Gozo, 114 Church of the Immaculate Com:cption 'Ta. Sarria' see Sarria Church

Church of the ~:lisericordia , Oporto, POrtugal 181 Church of ,he Nativity of the Virgin, 'Ta' Bclligha', Lija, 169 Church of the Nativity of the Virgin 'Ta' Savi na' , Gozo, 11 6, 162 Church of the Saviour, Mdina, 79 Chu rch of the Saviour, Gezo Castello, 114 Church of the Shipwreck of St Paul, SI Paul's Bay, Malta, 10 1, 110 Church of the Virgin of the Grotto, Rabal, Malta, 80, 86n , 164, 167 Church of the Virgin of Lesse, Valleua, 92, 96,99, 100, 10 1,1 09 Chun:h of the Vir1:,'ln of Pilar, Valletta, 152, 153, 175 Church of the Virgin of Victories, Vallella, 17, 26n , 134, 15 1-6 C hurch and monatcry of St Catherinc of Alexandria, Va][etta, 175 Chigi, Fabio, see Alexander VII (Pope) Cianlar, Count Giovanni Antonio (historian a nd cognoccnte), 132, 2 11n Cicero, 193 Cimabuc (painter), 82 Citta Vecchia, see Mdina Cina. Pinto, see Q ormi Cilia Vilhcna, sce Floriana Civitas, see Mdina Civitavecchia,42 Claire of Assisi (Saint), 39 Claval1i, Dragoneno (financer of the Knights in Rhodes), 69 Clavnmunt, Fra Stefano" 33 Clement Xl (Pope), 156n Clement XIII (Pope), 129 Cloyact', Commcndatore, 24 Cu-Cat hedral of St j ohn, Valletta, see Conventual Church, Vallena Coeco Palmieri, Mgr. Davide (Bishop), 194 Coemilerium Sanet i Pauli , R abat, 123 Coglituri, Maneo (architect), 75 Colben,jean Bapliste (administrator), 135 Colombanus (Saint), 41 CoIonna, Cotanza, .Marchcsa of Caravaggio, 60 Colonna dclla Fama, Valleua, 1I Collq,'latc Church of SI Hclen, Birkirkara, Malta, 167, 168, [69 Collegiate Church of St Paul, Rabat, Malta. 29, 95,133, 161 , 166 Cullege de France, Paris, 54n Commcndary of St j ohn Latcran, Paris, 44 Conca, Sebastiano (painter), 185 Consiglio Popolare, Mdina, see Mdina Univeritas

322

INDEX

Conservatorio, Floriana, 1\.'Iaha, 204-Consrallline the Great, 30 Constantinople, 14,30, 36, 40, 66 COllvcntual Chaplins, 2, 152,204 Convcntual Church, Acre, 30, 33,34, 133 Convcntual Church, Rhodes, 15, 33, 52n, 55,58 Convcnmal Church of Stjohn, Vallctta , 2, 4, 6, 7n, IB, 22, 29, 4{), 41 , 42, 43, 44, 46, 62, 63 ,68,74,91-92,93. 95, 99, lOO, 101, 109, 110, 127, 129, 135, 137, 151, 154, 160, 178, 190.203, 204,207 Convcntual Church, Viuoriosa, 16, 17,57, 124, 133, 134 Conventual Hospital, sec Sacra Infenneria Corinth , 106 Cordoba, Argentina, 136 Cordoba Cathedral, Spain, 134 Cordula (Saint), 40 Corona Ottomana Incident, 52n Cosimo III (Gr'dlld Duke of Tuscany), 182 Cosmas and Damian , (Doctor Saints), 38, 43 Cospicua , sce Borm[a Cotoner, Fra Nicholas (Grand l\'(aster). 45, 132, 147 Cotoner fra Rufd (Grand Master), 132, 147 Cottonera Lines, Malta, 63 Council of Trent, 58, 106, 126, 12B Counter Reformation, 10, 89. 102, liS , 126, 128, 201 COllvre Porte, Vittoriosa, 143 Crcmona, Giuseppe Uudge), 120 Crete, 84 Cross of Assisi, 68 Crusades, 36 Cutajar, Oominic (curator or tine arts), 97n, 100, 101 ,158, 162 Cyprus, 30, 40, 66, 84

D

D' Acugna, Fra Pietro, 23 D ' Amboise, Fra Aimery (Grand .Master), 31, 3233,34, 38, 56 D ' Amboise, Georgc (Cardinal), 31 , 50n D 'AnteUa, Fm Francesco, 126 D'Arcna, Ciuseppe (painter), 95, 161 D 'Aubignc de Tignc, Louis Fran.;ois (miJit31l' engineer), 142,208 D'Aubusson, Fra Pierre, (Grand Master), 10, 15, 19,3 I,35,50n,57 Da Cortona, Pietro (painter), 93 Da Martoni Nicol6 (pilgrim to Ihe Holy Land), 33, 66

Da San Severino, Roberto (pi lgrim tn the Holy Land), 33, 37 Da Volterra, Danitlc (painter), 160, 173n De Alemagna, Fra Domcnico, 36 Dc Britto, Fra Diego, 37 De la Cassicrc, Frdjcan I'Eveque (Grand Master), 12, 132 Dc Castellct family arms, 107 Dc Caslellel, Fra Philippus, 105, 106, 107 De Chambray, Fra Francesque, 203 Dc Cluys, Fra Pierre. 133 De Cordoba, Fra Franccseo, 116 De Cordon de Livieux, Fra Giacomo, 45 De Dominici, Bernardo (biographer of Neapolitan artists), 95, 152, 153, 161 De Dominici, R''l.imondo (painter), 152 De Lastic, Fra J can, Grd,nd Master, 38, SIn Dc l'EscuI , Fra Maturin , see Romegas De Froullay, Fra Louis Gabrid, 48, 52n De Lueea Dennis (architectural hislOrian), 175 De Mendoza, Fm Pictro Gonzales, 175 Dc Mondion, Fratl\ois (architect), 94, 95, 141-3,198-9, 202,204 De Montcliu , F'ra Gcrolamo, 47 De Naillac, Fra Philibert (Grand Master), 14,69 Dc Nini Claret , Fm Richard, 116 De !'Orme Pltilibert (architect), 143, 199 De Palastron La HilicfC, D. , 5 De Pagan, Comte Blaise Fran.;ois (military engineer), 139 Dc Pau1c, Fril Antoine (Grand Master), 1-7, 47 De Pelloquin, FraJat.:qucs, 17 Dc Qucralt, Fra Carlo, 118 De Redin, Fra Martin (Gr'<md Master), 147 De St Pierre, Bernardin (novelist), 129 Dc Sousa y Silva. Fra Raimondo, 96 De Tflvora c Noronha Don j eronimo, 186 Dc Ta\'ora e Noronha, Don Roque, 184, 186 De Troy,jean-Fran.;ois (painter), 138 De Tencin, Fra Gucrin (philanthropist and cognocente), 158, 205 Dc Villeneuve, Fm HClion (Grand Master), 35,36,37,66 De Vos,j udecos (weaver), J 35 De Wignacou rl , Fra A10r (Gr.md Master), 19, 59,60,90, 100, 10 1. 105, 107, II O,ll l n, 132, 133, 160 De la Tours, Gcorgcs (painter), 102 Del Bene, Fra Tommaso, 47 Del Canclto, Fra Fabrizio (Grand Master), 35, 61 D es Mesmes, Frajean j acques, 134, 136

323

ESSAYS ON T HE KNIGHTS AND ART AND ARCHITECTUR E IN MALTA

Damato. Guzt (architect), 57, 156n Deboben , Fm Guilhelm , 5 1 n Debono, Pe truzzo (arch itect)" 197 Dclaville Le Roulx,J oseph (medievalist and diplomat), 13 I Denys, (Saint), 41 Despuig, Fra Ramon (Grand Master), 147 Dimeg, MastroJ acopo (architect), 75 Dingli (rural town in Malta), 64-Dingli, Filippino (painte r), 11 7, 11 8, 125 Dingli, Tommaso (architect), 74, 125 Discalscd Carmclite friars in Malta, 45 D odecanese Islands, 13,29,55 Dominican Church , Raba t, see Church of the Virgin or the Grotto, Rabat Dominican Church , Vallctta, sce Church of the Virgin or Porto Salvo, ValIetta Dominican Convent, Rabat, Malta, 164 Dominican Convent, VaJlc tla, 155 Dominican Priory, see Dominican Convent Dominichino (painter), 90 Dupuy, Fm Raimond (M aster of the Hospital) , 47,13 1 Durante, C laudio (mannista), 159 D urante, Feuce (marmista), 159 Durante, Gregorio (marmista), 159 Di.irer, Albrecht (pain te r), 59, 60 Dusina , Mgr Pietro (Inq uisitor and Apostolic Delegate), 123 Dutch Brazil, 136 Dutch Caravaggist painters, 127

E

Early Renaisssance paintings, 78 Eastern Christian ity, 30 Earthquake of 1693 , 140, 14'2, 195, 196 Eckhout Albert (pain ter), 136 EnJightenment Movement, 129 Enzina Corba, Cal a lunya , 42 Erardi, Alessio (painter), 94. 152, 154-5, 162, 163, 165 Erardi, Stefano (painte r), 94 , 118, 128, 155, 161·2 Etienne Chevalie r (admi nistrator), 133 Euphcmia (Sain t), 37 Eustache (Sain t), 41

F

Fabri. t orenzo (stone carve r), 159 Fa lsone Family, 78 Farncsc, Alessandro (Cardinal), 11

Farrugia , G oorge (restoTCr of paintings), 78 Faubourg St Germai n, Pari.~, 48 Favale, Fra Michcle, 36 Favray, Amoine (paimer). 33, 62 , 96. 127, 137.8. 163, 171·2,202·3 Fausti no (Saint), 42 Ferdinand I (Grand Duke of Tuscany), I1 Fcrraris de CeUe, Giovane lla (historian), 26n Ferr-ata, fuole (sculptor), 92 Ferreira Alves, J aime (art historian), 186 Ferrer, Vincent (Saint), 167 Ferri, Ciro (scu lptor), 93 Fm.son, Luis (painter), 101 Flanders, 57 Flemish art, 82 Flora, (Hospitaller Saint), 47 Florence, x, 48, 106, 178, 181 Floriana, M alta, 85, 128, 166, 168. 204 Floriana Fortifications, 139, 140 Floriani da Macerata (military engineer), 6 rontana, Carlo (arch itect), 94, 176 Formica, Caspare (painter), 81 , 159 Fort Manoel, 142, 143,204, 207·8 Fort S t Angelo, 52n, 56, 57 , 59, 62, 73, 74,85 FOrt St E1mo, 62 FOT( San Salvatorc, Vittoriosa, 204 Fortesque, Ad rian (Saim), 47 Fortress of L"li.tzzo, , 106 Fortress of Lepanlo, 19 Fortress of Mahometta, 19 For tress of Passava, 19 Fouquet,J ean (paimer), 133 Fra Bartolomeo (painter), 178 France, 36. 13 1, 133, 135 Franceseo de Medici (Grand Duke of Tucany), 178 Francis of Assisi (Saint), 45 Francis of Paola (Saint), 45 Francis of Sales (Saint), 45 Franciscan Friars Minor, Valletta, 154 Franciscan Friars Mi nor Convemuals, Valletta 15 Franciscan Minim friars , 45 Franc;ois, Duke of Lorraine, 134 French Academy, Paris, 132 French Grand Masters, 132 French Kn ights, 100, 132, 202 French Revolution, 19, lOO, 136 French Rococo, 205 French Royal Court, 49, 135 French Royal Family, 49 Fsadni, Fr 1-·Iichael (Dominican historian), 174n

324

G

Gala, Lorenzo (architect), 94, Illn, 194-·5, 197,199 Galadial1o, Frn Giacomo, 45 Galea, Rev. Giacomo, 11 B Galimberti, Giuseppe (painter), 120 GaUeria Nazionalc di Palazzo Abatelis, Palermo, 61, 82, I3Dn Galley Squadron of the Knights, 19 Garnpieri, Fra Giorgio (Grand Prior), 18 Garnier, Luca (painter), 11 7, 16l Canes, Fra !v[artin (Grand Master), 40,147, 160 Gash,John (art historian), 61 , 203 Gemaldchraleric, Berlin, 102 Genoa, 48 Gearge (Saint), 2, 37, 11 6 Georgian Squares, London, 148 Gcran:l. (Founder of the Hopilallcrs), 29, 48 German Aubcrge, see Aubcrge d'Alcmagnc Ghajn Xejba, Gozo, 114-Gha.xaq (rura l towo in Malta), 164-Giardina (painter), I 14-Giardini da Forli, Giovanni (sculptor), 92 Giaquinto, Canado (painter), 185 Gilastri, Horatio (benefactor), 119 Gimach, Carlo (architect), 18 ( Glanfcuil Ablx.-y, France, 99 Goblelin, j ean (dyer), 135 Gobelins Manufactory, Paria, 135, 136 Golgolha, mount, 41 Gow, 85, 11 3, 11 5, 140 Gozo CasteUo, 114, 115, 116, 143 Gozo Caslello church, 116, 1I 7, 189 Gozo Cathedral, 94,116, 184, J89 Gozo Cathedral Museum , 84, 121 n G020 Cathedral's frompt {'aNI dome, 19 [ Gow H ospitaJ, 143 Gozo Ministry, 143 Gourgion, Elena (Gozitan gcnllcwoman), 117,125 Gourgio n, Giovanni (Gozitan gcnlleman), 11 7,125 Grand Harbou r, 62, 89, 92, 107,135,193, 204 Grand Hospital of the Knights, sce Sacra Infcrmcria Grand Maters' Crypt, Conventual Church , Vallctta, 129, J90, 207 Grand lvlaslers' Palace, Vallena, 4, 7n, 11, 29,34,41 , 48137, 183,184.190,207, 209 Grand ~llas(ers' Palace Collection, 91 Great Siege of 1565, 17, 18, 701l Grcch Antonaci (painter), 191

INDE.X

Grech, Giuseppe (painter), 97 Grech , Giuseppc (mcdkal doctor), 206 Grcch, Re\~ Salvatore, I 18, 119 Greek Catholic Church , Vallclta, 13 Greek Christia nity, 39 Greek Saints, 30 Gregory XV (Pope), 46 Gregory of Nazianus (Saint), 39 Griggs, W. (chromolithographer), 77 Grima , Basilio, 119 Guarena, Fro Fral\cesco de la Rovera, 23 Guastella, C. (art historian), 109 Gucrcino, II (painter), 90, 161 Guidi , Oomenico (sculptor), 93 Guccio di M annaia (goldsmith), 68 Gudja (rural town in M alta), 80

H

H aarlem, Holland , 61,1 34 HaJ Kbir (lost village in Malta), 75 Hal Millieri frescoes, 73 , 80, 86 Hclena (Saint), 40 H ellul, Don Pietro (parish priest of Zunicq, MaJta), 76 H erberstcin, Count Fra Gio Giuscppe, 21 H ethe rington , Paul (Byzaminist), 4 1, 67 H ilarion the Abbot (Saint), 38 H ippodrome, Constantinople, 37 H istory of Art Programme, University of Malta, 154 H oly Innocents, 48 H oly La.nd, 13,61 Holy Sepulchre, 32, 67 H oly See, 4, 5, 205 H omcdcs, Frajuan (Grand Master), ll, 17, 26n.42,147 H ospice of St Cathcrine, Rhodes, 36, 66 Hotd de Ville, Manosque, Provence, 48 H ouel ,j ean (painter), 138 House of Cataunya, Valletta, 146 House of Gu.ise, 134 Houses of Vallctta, 153 H ughes, Quentin (architectural historian), 176 Huf..J'() (Saint), 47 Hungary, 43 H y.lIcr, Giuscppc (painter), 79,80

Iberian Knights, 147 Iconoclast crisis, 14, 20

325

ESSAYS ON T H E KNIGHTS AND ART Mm ARCHITECTURE IN MALTA

Imbroll, Fm Salvatore (Grand Prior), 2, 5, 27n Imprcsa Sante Guido, Rome, 144-n Inglou, Anton (paintcr), 120 logo, Fra lame, 39 Innocelu X (Pope), 92 Irenc (Saint), 102 Isola di San Giuliano, 147 Isuru(Q Ccntrale di Rcstauro, Rome, 65 Italian Knights, 146 Italy, 36, 90, 149, 185

J

J abah Altar, 60 James the Elder, (Apostle), 35 J an Van Scol"cl, 61 J oao V (King of Portugal), 185,206 Joanni V 'e! MagnifieD', seeJ oao V J em, brothcr of Sultan Bayczid, 30 J erusalem, [4, 30, 35, 36, 41 J esuit Church, VaJletta, 91, 94, 16 1,206 J esuit College, VaUena, 94, 206 J ewish Community, R hodes, 26n John of Damascus (Saint), 39 J ohn the Almoner (Saint), 38 John the Baptist (Saint), 11, 13,20,30,39, 48,63 J ohn and Paul (Roman martyrs), 46 J oseph (Saint), 46 J udas iscariot, 33 Juvara, Filippo (architec:.:t), 185

K

K alkara (scaidc town in Malta), 166 Kilian (seaside), 41 King of Sardcnia , 202 Kingdom of Je rusalem, 35 Kingdom of the ' .... "'0 Sicilies, 9 Kn ights of StJoh n, x, I , 3" 4, 7n, 9, 13, 14, 29, SS, 56, 61, 65, 73, 89, 106, 13 1, 137,145, 158, 182, 192,193,20 1, ctpassim" Knights Grand Cross, 2, 4, 7n, tl prusim" Knigh t HospitaUers sce Knigh ts of StJohn Knights of Just icc, 7n, i t pasim Knight Resident , Fort St Angelo, 57

L

La Sacra Religione, see K nights of St J ohn L'Isle Adam , Fm Philippe Villiers (Grand

Master), 10, 15, 19,20,21,56, 58,62,64,133,134, 144n, 199 L'Isle Adam illuminated graduaJs, 133 L"lmego Cathedral, POrlugal, 186 Languaglia, Fra A1evamo, 47 Langue of Aragon, Caralunya, and Navarre, 145, 146 L"mguc of Auvergne, 13 1 Langue of Castille, Leon and POrtllgal, 137 , 175 Langue of England, [SOn Langueof France, 100, 131 , 140, 143, 147, 161 Langue of Germany, 147 Langue of I taly, 147 Langue of Provence, I , 6, 131 LaOD, 100 Lapparelli, Francesco (architect), 149 Lascaris, FraJ can Paul (Gr:.md Master), 22, 44,45 , 53n, 139 Latc Gothic metal work, 35 Latin occupation of Consmntinoplc, 31, 37, 40 Latin West, 131, et posim Laurence (Sain!), 4 La7...zarus of Belha ny, 35 Lazzareuo Isolation Hospital, 128, 21t n Le Blond , Etienne (weaver), 136 Le Brun, Charles (painter), 136 Le Maine de la Corbe family, 107 Le Prestre de Vauban , Sebastian (military engineer), 139, 142 198,202 Leeee, Italy, 209, 210 Leo III (Byzantine Emperor), 14,20 useot, Pierre (architect), 143 Lesser Armenia, 106 Levitzky, Dimitri Grigoryevich (painter), 205 Lija (market town in Malta), 169 Lisbon, 45 Loire Valley, 99 Lomcllini, Fra f'rancesco, 59 Lomellini, Fra S tefa nn, 23 London, 77 Longhi, Pielro (painter), 202 Loretla, Gioacchino (pain ter), 117 Louis of France (King and Saint), 32, 49 Louis IX , scc Louis of France Louis X II (King of France), 32 Louis XIII (King of Francc), 48 Louis XIV (King of France), 135, 136, 139 Louis XVI (King of France), 138 Louvre Museum, Paris, 143, 199,202 Luke (Saint), 14,34,84 Luqa (market town in iMaha), 117, 125 Luti, Bencdetto (painter), 138

326

INDEX

LuttrelJ, Anthony (historian), x, 14, 25n, 41 Lyons, 136

M

Macarius (Basi lian subdcacon), 26n Madonna Eleimonitria icon, 13, IS, 16, 25n, 55 Madonna of Damascus icon, 13, 15, 16, 25n, 55,65 Madonna Haghiosoritissa icon, 19 Madonna of Philermos icon, 13~27, 34, 57, 65 Madonna of Vladimir icon, 65 Madonna of VictOries devotion , 18, 22 Madrid,178 M agistral Palace, see Grand ~.fasters' Palace, Vallctta Mahon, Sir Dennis (art historian), 173n Mahony, Lconard (architectural historian), 96, 196,200n Malines, Belgium , 133 Mallorca, 42 Maltese Baroque School, 54, 156, 166, et passim !\'Iahese Pauline Cult, 123, et passim Malvasia, Carlo Cesare (biographer of artists), 100 Manchester City Art Gallery, 97n Manocl de Vilhena, Fra Antonio (Grand Master), 10, 11 ,39, 45, 9'~, 145,158,159, 184,190,196,197-8,193, 202. 203-5, 206 Manod Lion, 199, 202, 203-5 M anocl Theatre, 145, 158, 176, 182-3, 190,209 Manosque, Provence, 48, 142 Maratta, Carlo (painter), 95,156,162 Marchcse, Cou nt Isidoro (cognoscentc), 138 Marchcse, Count Savcrio (CO&'l1osccntc and art hilorian), 154, 156n, 160, 183, 189, 191 ,208 Margherita Lines, Couoncra, Malta, 7 In Marquis of ViUlena (Viceroy of Sicily), 141 Ma rquisatc of San Vinccnzo Ferrer, 197 Marsalforn (seaport in Gozo), 140 Marsalforn projected fortified town, 140 Marsamxett Harbour, 128, 204, 207, et passim Marsaxlokk Harbour, 48, 107, 108 Marseilles, 10 I, 136 Martines, Gar.lia (Blessed), 47 Mary Magdalenc (Saint), 35 Massa frumentaria, 23, et passim

Mastro Gian (stone calVer), 2 10 Masucci, Agostino (painter), 138, 185 M athcw the Evangelist, 35 Mauri tis, J ohan (prince of Nassau-Orange), 136 Maurus (Saint), 99 Mazzingus, Fra A1oysius, SOn, 62 Mazzuoli, Giuseppe (sculptor), 92, 93 Mdina, 123, 126, 128, 130n, 142,159, 193-200 Mdina Banca Giuratale, 142 Mdina Carmelite friars, 76, 77 Mdina Cathedral, 3, 69, 73, 94, 169 Mdina Cathedral Altar of Repose, t 58, 196 ~tdina Cathedral Chapter, 2, 94,158, 169, 194 Mdina Cathedral Chapter Hall, 168-9, 170, 194,196-7 Mdina Corte Capitallale. 143, 199,207 Mdina Episcopal Palace, 197 Mdina Episcopal Seminary, 197 Mdina G reeks' Gate, 142 Mdina Magistral Palace, 198-9 Mdina Main Gale, 95, 142, 198, 207 Mdina Town Council see Mdina Universitas Mdina U niversitas, 2,3, 93. 198.207 Mdina Municipality, see Mdina Unive rims MdinaMunicipal Palace, 199 Mdina Torre dcllo Stendardo, 198 Mecaui , Gerard (Blessed), 47, 48, M editerranean Sea, 55 ff passim Melite (Roman City of M alta), 193 Mendez de Vasconcellos, Fra Luiz (Grand Master) , I Mendicant friars, 74, 159 Menicant O rders. see Mendicant friars M crcieca, Simon (historian), 101 , 110 Merovingian saints, 41 Mcssina (Sicily), 46, 47,58,61 Messina, Giovanni (painter), 154 Mcssina Painters, sce Messina School of Antoncllo Messina School of Antonello, 78 Messincs Cathedral, Belgium, 134 M cssines Calhedr<\1 Museum, Belgium, 134 Metastasio, see Trapassi, Pietro Metaxi, Nieolaus (Greek priest). 15 Merchants Street, Valieua , 94 Mieallef, Bartolomeo (painter), 85 , 87 n, 114 Micallef, Salva.torc (pain ter and reMorer), 173 wIiche1angelo, x Midsea Books, xi Mifsud, Padre PeJagio, sce Padre Pclaf,olo Minniti , Mario (painter), 100, 101 , 109, 110, 1I 1, 112n

327

ESSAYS O N TH E KNIGHTS AND ART AND ARCHITECTU RE IN MALlA

M insija lriprych, 85 Miz-.li,joscph (p ublish er), xi Molina, Fra f'l'lichclc (Bishop), 11 6 Monastery of Cetinje, Montcnegro, 65 Monastery and church of St Cat herinc of Alexa ndria, VaUeua, 175 Monroy, Don Gonsalvo (rcudallord of Malt<l),7n Montagu,j ennifer (a rt historian), 92 Montencgro, 19, 24,65 Mo rea, 141 M oscoIV,65 Mosta (market town in Malta), 76, 125 Mosla rot unda, scc Parish church of the Ass umption , M osta Mount Philcrmos, Rhod(:s, 15 M ount Sinai, 26, 36 Muscat, Giorgio, 117, I 18, 125 M usee de Beaux-Art , Marseilles, 101 Musee de la Ville, Evreux, France, 202 M usco Regionale di Mcssina, 61 M useos de Arle de BarceUona, 56 Mu~um of Fine Aru, Val1c tta, 92, 1020 Museums Department, 151 M uslim Sici ly, 81, (I pasim

N

Naples. 42, 46, 89, 90, 127, 152 Napoleon Bonaparte, G8 Neapolitan Baroque, 162, 167, (/ pasim Nattier, j ean-Man:: (painter), 203 National Library of Malla, Valletta, 158 National Museum of Cetinje, Montenegro, 19 National Museums Departmcnt, ~blta, 78 National M useum of Archaeology, 184 National Museum or Fine Arts, Valletta, 91. 95, 97 n, 127, 134, 161, 172, I73n,203 Nav)' of the O rder. 6, ~l past", Naxxar, 84, 100, 141, 158, Na:uar parish church, 75 Nax.xar Parish C hurch Museum, 166 Nazini, GiuSCPIX Niw la (painter and engrave r), 182, 183 Na7.Qni Niccolo (painter and architect), 11, 129,181-7, 190 Nco-Classical Revival, 129 Ncs~clf(Kle-Rcichcnst cin , Count Wilhelm, 39 Nieasius and Ferdinaml (martyrs), 47 Nice, 42, 56, 6'2 Nicholas of Bari (Sain t), 38 Nicholas IV (Pope), 68

Nicodemus (Basilian priest), 26n Nig~us (Saint), 40 Norwich Cathedral, 134 Notre Dame de Liesse, Picardy, 100

o

Odazzi, G iovanni (painter), 185 Officc of Ihe Prime ~linister, Valle tta, 150 Old Bakery Street, Vallc tla, 153 O man, Charles (art historian), 3 1, 33, 35, 36 Oporto, Portuga l, I:'H, 18 1, 184, 185, 190 Oporlo Cathedral, 134, 105 Opono Cathedral C hapter, 185 Orant Madonna see Madonna H aghiosoritissa O ratory of the Beheading, COllventuaI Church, Va Jletla, 47, 63, 93,160 O ratory of the Blessed Saerdmem, Dominican church Vallett3, 155 O ratory of the Blcsr.ed Sacrament, Zej tun, 167 O ralory of the Crucitix, Cospicua, 172 Or.uory of the Crucifix, Senglca, 166 O ratory of Ihe C rucifix , Fr.tncisan Friars Minor ValJ~ t ta, 154 DralDl)' of the Onorati, j esuit C hurch , Vallena, 16 1 Oratory of St Ph ili p Neri, Vittoriosa, 91 Oriental Saints, 30, (l parim O ttoman Aeet, I07,~JPasiTll OUoman Turks,3,5, 10, 15, 17, 19, 30,43,55,56,84,1 70,(lpassilll

p

Pace, Saivatore, IG4 Pace Forno, Mgr Gaelano (Bishop), 5211 Pacelti, Vincenzo (sculptor), 137, 2\0 Paciaudi, r aolo Maria (devotional author), 33,41,48,62,63, 66,67 Padovano, Aless.'l.ndro (painter), 78 Padre PclaJ.,olo (chronicler and cognoscentc), 144n, 17 1, 183, 189 Pddua, 35 Paladin i, Filippo (painter), 11, 101, 108, 109, 115,124,132,160 PaiJ.cio du Frei xo, Opo['(o, 186 Palazzo Carara, Valle tta, 153, 177-8, PaJazzo della Castc llania, VaJlclta" 209 Palazzo San Vil1CCIlZO, Mdina, 197 Palazzo S..:aIaHmi , Paten no, 123 Paiermo, 7n, 46, 61,82, 123,

328

130n, 141, 164 Palestine" 40 Palma Andrca (architcct), 141 Paola (market town in Malta), 6, 47 Pappaleo, Pietro (sculptor.architect), 141 Papcfust , Fra Pietro, 30 Patriarch of Constantinople, 14 Paris, 1,3 1, 32, 33,68,99, 135, 138, 143 Parish church of the Annunciation of the Virgin, Balzan , 163, 167 Parish church of the Annunciation of the Virgin, Tarxien, 165, 166, 167, 17 1, 172 Parish Church of the As~umption of the Virgin, Atlard, 74, 76, 87n, 114, 162 Parish Church of the Assumption of the Virgin, Birkirkara, 86 Parish church of the Assumption of the Virgin, Dingli , 63-64 Parish church of the Asumplion of the Virgin, l\·fosta, 87, 114,162, 173n Parish church of thc Assu mption of the Virgi n, Zcbbug, Cozo, 120 Parish Church of Ihe Nativity of the Virgin, Senglea , 166 Parish Church of the Immaculate Conceprjon, Bormla, 162 Paris h church of the Saviour, Lija, 155, 164, 167 Parish church of Santa Maria, Bir Miftuh, 79, 80, 84, 124 Parish church or St Bartho10mcw, Gharghur, 163 Parish church of St Cathcrinc of Alexandria, ZejlUn, 74, 80, 94, 105,106,107,108, 163, 169 Parish church of St Catherine or Alexandria, Zurrieq, 124 Parish Church of SI CeOJ-gc, Qormi , 123, 160,166 Parish church of St Gt."OTgc, Victoria, Cow, 11 7, 119, 125, 160 Parish Church of StJohn the Baptist, Xewkija, 116, 165 Parish Church of St Ma r!,rarct, Sannat, 11 9 Parish of St Nicholas of Bari, Siggicwi, 79 Pari h Church of St Paul Shipwrecked, Valletta, 164 Parish church of St Philip, Zebbug, Malta, 171 Parish Church of the Virgin of Graces, Zabbar, 125, 128, 165, J 71 Parish Church of the Virgin of Porta Salvo, VaUetta, 154

INDEX

Paul [ (lzar), 18, 24 Pecheux, Laurnnl (painter), 137,207 Pepper, Stcphen (art historian), 173n Pereira, Emanuel (painter), 128 Perellos y Roccafu l, Fra Ramon (Grand Mastcr), 45, 92, 93, 135, 136,147, 152,153, 155,162, 164,206 Pereira Pinto, Frn Don J ose, 45, 46 Peres d'Aleccio, Matteo (paintcr), 132 , 160, 209 Perugino (painter), 79 Peter {he Great (Tzar), 136 Philip the Apostle, 33 Philip 11 (King of Spain) , 18 Philip III (King of Spain), 37 Philippines, 23 Philomena (Saint), 39, 52n Piazza e elsi, Valletta, 147 Pietro da Conona (painter), 118 Pkardy; lOO Piccolomoini, Fra Sigismondo, 24 Pinto de Fonseca, Emanuel (Grand Master), 10, 24, 35, 40, 44, 48, 49, 96,129,137, 202 , 205-6, 208-9 Pin to de Fbnscca, Don Miguel A.Jvaro" 206 Pinto Smres, VaUeua, 210 Pippi, Antonio (painter), 183, 189·92, 20 1, 203 Pisa,47 Pisanello, Antouio (painter), 123 Pisani, Lazzaro (painter), 77 Polidoro Caldern da Caravaggio u}aintcr), 58 Placido and Flavia (Saints), 45 Plague epidemics, 102, 124, 127, ttpasim Plague saints, 124, 127·8 Plieri, Stefano (painter), 160 Polycarp of Smyrna (Saint), 40 Pontormo,J acopo (painter), 178 Pontremoli, Mgr Pier Francesco (Vicar General), 108 Porte delle Supplichc, Uffizi, 182 Porta Sant' Anna, Floria na, 143 Porte de Bombcs, Floriana, 143 Portugal, 12, 18 1, 182, 183, 185,206,207 Porsella-Flores,J.F.X. , 52n Prefettura di Lecce, 209 Presidential Palace, Vallcna, sce Grand Masters' Palace Preti, Fra Mania (painter), 24, 47, 90, 95, 100, 11 6, 125,127-8,132,143,1 5 1, 152,153, 154, 159-160,161 Preziosi, Coullt, 206

329

ESSAYS ON TH E KNIGHTS AND ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN MALTA

Priory of Catahmya , 146, 166, 168 Prior of the Conventu al Church, 2, rI pasim Priory of St Gilles. Provence, 48 Procopius (Saint), 39 ProclUmenos, Nicholas (Rodiot nobleman), 42 Post Frans (painlcr), 136 POllssin, Nicholas (painter), 24, 138, 143 Pozzo, Andrea (painter), 19 1 Provence, 1,48, tl passim Pulcclla, Gi<MU1ni Antonio (painter), 76, 80, 114 Puglia, 210 Puzallo, Sicily, 76

Q

Qala (village in Gozo), 115 Qormi (market town in MaJta), 2, 81 , 82, 123, 166, 206 Qormi Parish Church Museum, 165 Qrendi (village in Malta), 95, 161 Queen Adelaide, 14 7 Queen Adelaide Square, ValIclta, 147

R

Rabat (rural lown in Malta), 73, 77, BD, 126 Ragusa, Sicily, 109 Randazzo, Sicily, 78 Raphael (painter) , x Raymund of PenafOTt (Saint), 164 Reger,Johan, 50n Regnaud, Enrico (painter), 152, 155 Relics of the Apostles" 35 Renato, Fra Giulio, Count Litta, 19 Reni, Guido (painter), x, 91 , 161 Republic of Genoa, 205 Republic Street, Vallcna, 175 Reynaud, Ennco (painter), 97 , 119 Rhodes, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16,20,24,29,30,32, 33,35,36,39, 40,41 , 42,55,56,61, 62, 66, 67,205, el passim Ribas Montelieu, Fra Ge rolamo, 15Gn Ribcra,Jusepc (pai nter), 91 Riecio, Giovanni Battista (painter), 124 Riguaud, Hayacinthe (pai nter), 52n, 203 Rinaldi, Carlo (architect), 140 Rimer, William Ueweller), 270 Rocco of Montpellier (Saint) , 46, 52n , 84 Romau High Baroque, 90, 93, 140, 176 Rome, x, 1, 5, 56, 60, 65, 89,90,91,92,95,118, 127, 138,140,182, elpasim

Romegas , 12n 35 Rooalia (S';n' l , 46 Rouen , 3 1 Rubcns (painter), 138 RulTo, Mgr Antonio (Inquisitor), 45 RulI, Fra Bartolomeo (Bishop), 40 Russia, 19, 205 Russian Imperial Court, 65 Russian Museum, SI Petersburg, 206

S

Sacchi, Andrea (pain ter). 9 1 SACl Restoration Laboratory, Florence, 106, llln,112n Sacra Infermcria, Vallena, 7n, 102, 147 Sack of Rome, 56, 58 St Albcrt the Great College, Valletta , ix, x SI Andrew Bastion, Valletta, 147 SI Barbara Bastion, VaUcna, 92 SI Davon Cathedral, H 3..t'u1cm, 134 SI Georgc's Chapel, Windsor, 144 SI Germain de Pres Abbey, Paris, 99 St Jol1O's Museum, Valleua, 58, 60, 138, 152, 156n, 203 St Laurence Parish Church, Vittoriosa, 4, 58 St Lucian Tower, ~'larsax1okk , III St Paul's Anglican Cathedral, Valletta, 147 St Paul's Day (seaside town in Malta), 100, 110 St Paul's Grotto, Rabat, Maila, 63, 93 St Pctersburg, 19,65, 136, 206 St Pctcrsburg Acadcm), 205 St Thomas Gate, Cottoncra Lines, 71 n St Thomas Bay, Marsacala, Malta, 106, 107, 108 St Thomas Tower, Marsacala, Malta, Il l n Salamanca Cathedral, Spain , 134 Salinas, Fra Franceseo. 116 Salle, Bali FraGuillaume de la, 23 Salvo d ' Antonio (painter), 79 Sammu t, George (edi tor), ix San Anion Palace, 3, 184 San Carlo alIe Quauro Fonlane, Rome, 176 San Francesco (galley of the Knights), 5 San Giovanni, (galley of the Knight.,), 5 San Giovanni, Val Valdarno di Sopra, Tuscany, 181 San Gwann (residential town in Malta), 85 San Lorenzo a Marc, Birgu, 57 Saneia the Venerable (Queen of Aragon), 47 Santa Vencra, 143 Santo Spirito Hospital, Rabat, Malta, 2 11 Sannat, Gozo, 114, 11 8

330

INDEX

Santo Stcfano , Florence, 182 Saragossa, Spain, 40 Sarria Church, Floriana , Malta , 128 See of Larida, Catalunya, 117 Sebaslian (Saint), 102 Second French Empire, 131 Second World War, 52n, 59, 85, 1561t, 208 Senate or M cssina, 4 1 Senglea (H arbour town in Malta), 107, 147,

154, 163, 166 Seville Cath edral, Spain, 134 Schermerhorn, Elizabeth (historian), 145.204 Scibcrras, Kcith (art historian), 121n, 155,

156,210,212n Sciduna , Bernardine (art historian), 155 Scientia (quarterly scientic journal), ix, I Scaglia, Fra Bernardino, 38 Scarialli, Giuseppe (painter), 154 Schlosskirche of Wittcnberg, 60

Siena, 92 Sienesc art, 84 , 182 Sicily,S, 6, 43 , 46, 76,84, 95, 109, 141 , ( t

pasim Sicilian Baroque, 14 1, 197 Siege of Chios, 14 1 Siege of Rhodes, 1522, 2 1, il pasim Siggicwi (rural town in Malta), 75, 79, 80

Slaves' Revolt , 53n Slaves' Prison, Valletta, 7n Solcyman the Lawgiver (Sultan), 55 Sorbonne University, Paris, 37 , 132 Soldani Bcnzi, Massimiliano (sculptor), 94,

210 South fla ly, 85, 95 South Italian Baroque, 197 Smith, Robert (art historian), 183, 184 Spacia, Lione[lo (painter), 91 , 100, 10 I , 109,

132 Spain, 10, 18, 34, 39, 56, 61 , et panm Spanish C ivil War, 134 Stellini , Rev. Benedatlo, 119 Stephen (Saint), 35-36, 43 Srorn, Matthias (painter), 127 Strada Villegaignon, Mdina, 199 Sublt.:yras, Pierre (painter), t 38 Sunday Times of Malta, ix Susino, Don Francesco (art chronicler), I11

Syracuse, Sicily, 105, 141

T

Ta' Belligha, Lija, 169 Ta' Gruwa, Gow, 114 Ta' 1bmo Tower, Maraeala, I t In

Ta' Savina, Cozo, 116 Tal-Basasa Tower, MarsascaLa, III N Tal-GardieJ Tower, MarascaJa, I I In Tal-Maq luba, Qrendi, 161 Tal Minsija, Sail Gwann. 85 Ta t-Targa, Nax.xar, 168 Tarxien (market town in Malta), 63, 71n, 165 Taula de Canvi, Barcellona, 56 Taver na, Calabria, 116 Tensar, FraJohannes, 14 'Jeruel Cathedra l, Spain, 134 Tetrakov Callery, Moscow, 65 Titian (painter), 138 Theodora (Saint), 39 Theoc1ista (Saint), 42 Tonna, J o (architect), 148 Toscana (H opitaller Saint), 47,48 Troisi, Pietro Paolo (sculptor), 96, 169, 196, 2oon, 208 Thomas of Canterbury (Sai nt), 38, 39 Town Council, Mdina see Consiglio Popolare, Mdina Trapassi, Pietro (poet), 211n. Tribunal of the Inquisition, Malta, 110 T rinicl dei Monei, Rome, 17 3n Tuileries Palace, Paris, 143, 199 T urchi, Alessalldro (painter), 89 Turks sec Ottoman Turks Tuscany, 11 , 181 , 182, 184,

u

Ubaldesca (Hospitaller Saint), 6, 47 Uffizi Gallery, Florence, 59, 60, 182 Ulm,48 Umbrian School of paintings, 79 University of Lcidcn, 68 U niversity of London, 15 1 University of Malta, 155, 158, 206 Uni\'eri ty of Studits, sce University or Malta Urban VIII (Pope), 5 Urrea Camarasa, Fra Pedro, 101, 109 Ursula and her 11,000 companions (Saints), 39,40

v

Val cli Sieve, Tuscany, 178 Valdarno di Sopra, Tuscany, 181 Valcnan (Saint), 48 Valerian Pcreculions, 87n Valette Pansot, J eall de la, Grand ~1aster, 10, 18,19,37,43

33 1

ESSAYS ON T H E KNIGHTS AND ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN MALTA

VaBella, 2, 3, 6, 11 , Ill , 43, 63, 89, 90, 91, 95,102. 158,16+,175,194, Vallctla /onifie:ltions, 107, 1+5, 1+7, 150 Vallena Auberges, 145, 147, 159, 195 Vallc tta l\'larina, 96, 100,101,210 VaUeua Rehabi litation Project, 15 1 Van cler Heijdcl1, Charlo ltc (art h istorian), G8 Van Loo, Carl (painter), 138 Varallo, (Cardinal), 59 Varela Gomes, Palllo (art historian), Ht!, 186, 187n Vauban. sec Le Prestt: de Vauban, Sebastian Vclasco, GillscPPc (pai nter), [64 Vella, Rev. Andrew (hbturian), ix Vella, Gi:1nni u)ainter), 121 n Vclla Apap, D Ull Nikol, 1'21, Venice, 9, 35, 68, G9 Verdala Palace, 2, 3, 11 , 1'2, J 84 Veroalle, Hughes dc wuuens (Grand l\faster) 9-12, 37,47, 11 4, 132,178,205 Versailles, 135, 136,202 Vcrrinc Orat ions, 193 Vianny, Fra Pierre, 63 , 71 n Victoria , GO'.lO, 114, 116, 117, 119, 1'25, 160 Vil· tOriuus (Saint), 40, 46 VilJalonga, Fra Fr:lJl(:esco, 23 Villilmagna, TUGl.Il )" +8 Vilhena, Don An lonio .Manocl dc, !;Cc ~'lanocl de Vi lhcna Antonio Vincent Ferrer (Saint), 45 Vincent of Saragossa (Saint) , 4{)

Viscu Cathcdral, Portugal, 134 Viterbo, 15,42, 56 Viceroy of Sicily, 5 VignoJa, J acupo Barozzi (architect), 11 Viguicr, Fra Antonio Paoiu, 4 Vittoriosa (.\britime City in Malta), 3, 16, 17, 42 , 70n, 75, 85, 89, 91,107, '104,t'lpassiim Vittoriosa Church Collegiate Chapter58 Virgin of Philermos, sce Madonna of Phicrmos

w

Walburga (Sain t), 41 \ Vall paintings, Bir Miftuh parish ch urch, 80-81 Waiter Rcllizzi Collection, l\JaJ.ta, 130n Wayside churches of Zurricq, 80 \Vied Liemu, Rabut, Malta, 77,194 \Vied i1-LuIl7Jata, Go:w, 118 \Vied Ziri, Mosta, !v[alta, 76 Wignacourt, Fra AJoph, sec De WignacollIt

\ Vignaco\U"t :u.:quedu(.; t, 107 \Vignacourt CoUegialt' ~1uscum , Rabal, 93, 126, In Willibald (Sainl), 41 Windsor, 133 Win ter Palace, St Petcrsburg, 65, 136 \Villcnbcrg,60 Wo Ugang 01' Regcllsuurg: (Saint), 41 \YOl"!idalc, ~ Larc (a rt historian), 9711 Wren, Christophcr (architect). 146

x

Xerri, Dun i\1ikieJ (patriut), 148 Xewkija (village in G07.0), I [6, 165 Ximcnes (Knight of St j ohn), 5 Ximcne~ de 'l exada, Fra Francesco (Grand i\faster), Hi

y

Yugoslavia, 65

z

Zabbar (market town in !\ofaha), 80, 125, 1'28 Zaccheus, 41 Zahra, Pasqualc (s tone carvcr), 16'2 Zahra, Francesco Vincenzo (pain ter), 96, 116, [[8, [38, 157-17-' ,196-7 Zambecchari, Fm Alc~andJ'f), 9'2 Zammit, Capt. C harles Gcorge (archaeologist and Director of .Museum), 77 Zammit, Sir TheOlodes (an:hac:ologist), 57 ZaOlmit, Vincem:o (chronicler), 167 Zarb, Fr. Seraphim (Biblical Scholar), ix Zebbug, (village in Gozo), 120 Zebbug (market town in iVlalra), 171 Zejtun (market town in Mata), 74, 80, 92, 105,1 07 Zerafa, Franct.'Sco (archilt:ct), 209 Zcrara, Fr Mari us (cunuor of fi ne arts), x Zimbalt), Giuscppe (architect), 209 Zondadari, Alcssandro (Cardinal), 182 Zondadari , Fra r ... l arcanlOnio (Gmn Master), 43.93-94,[82 Zurrieq (market town in Malta), 76, 80

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