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ESPA Storage Changes Presented by Mike McVay, P.E., P.G. November 8, 2018

ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

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Page 1: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

ESPA Storage Changes

Presented by Mike McVay, P.E., P.G. 

November 8, 2018

Page 2: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 3: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Inflow – Outflow = ∆Storage

Aquifer Water Balance

ESPA Inflows = Incidental recharge from SW irrigation, Canal Seepage, Perched River Seepage, Tributary Underflow, Precipitation.

ESPA Outflows = Evapotranspiration, Spring Discharge, Well Pumping

• Requires large investment of time, money and effort.• Direct calculation of change‐in‐storage using water‐level 

measurements.  • A more efficient method of calculating change‐in‐storage allows us to 

evaluate both aquifer conditions and aquifer management activities.

Page 4: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Mass Measurements

1. Storage change calculations are based on data collected during mass measurement events.

2. Mass measurement events are designed to collect as much data as possible during a brief window of time. 

3. Provides a snapshot of the aquifer.

4. Reduces the influence of variable water use.

5. Provides continuity in the data used for analyses over time. 

Page 5: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Using Water‐Level Data to Estimate Changes in Aquifer Storage

1. Water‐level data have been differenced to produce water‐level changes at discrete points (at the wells).

2. Changes at the wells have been interpolated across the ESPAM2.1 model area to create water‐level change maps.a. The resulting volume represents water and aquifer matrix.

3. Specific Yield (Sy) is the ratio of the volume of water that drains from a saturated rock due to gravity to the total volume of the rock.

Page 6: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Specific Yield = Available WaterAQ

UIFER

WATER+

AQUIFER MATRIX

AVAILABLE WATER(specific yield)

Page 7: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Using Water‐Level Data to Estimate Changes in Aquifer Storage

1. Water‐level data have been differenced to produce water‐level changes at discrete points (at the wells).

2. Changes at the wells have been interpolated across the ESPAM2.1 model area to create water‐level change maps.a. The resulting volume represents water and aquifer matrix.

3. Specific Yield (Sy) is the ratio of the volume of water that drains from a saturated rock due to gravity to the total volume of the rock.

4. The water‐level changes have been multiplied by the average, calibrated Sy from EPAM2.1 to calculate the change in volume of water.

Page 8: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 9: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 10: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 11: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 12: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 13: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 14: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

20,000,000

1912

1916

1920

1924

1928

1932

1936

1940

1944

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

Cumulative Storage Ch

ange

 (acre‐feet)

Changes in Volume of Water Stored in the ESPA

Mass Measurement USGS Water Budget Volume Change

Page 15: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Storage Change between Mass Measurements• Mass measurements provide an efficient method for 

calculating storage changes every few years.

• Mass measurements give general indication of the volume of water stored in the aquifer; however, it is difficult to make management decisions with only this information.

• Hundreds of wells are measured in the spring each year.  We have been using these annual data to calculate storage changes (1980‐2018).

• Beginning in the spring of 2016, IDWR conducts coordinated measurement of the ESPA well network (synoptic measurement events) to facilitate storage‐change calculations.

Page 16: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 17: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

SWSI 2015 = 0.6SWSI 2016 = ‐1.3

Page 18: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

SWSI 2016 = ‐1.3SWSI 2017 = 3.5

Page 19: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

(Color ramp and contour interval match 2018)

SWSI 2016 = ‐1.3SWSI 2017 = 3.5

Page 20: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

SWSI 2017 = 3.5SWSI 2018 = 2.3

Page 21: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

20,000,000

1912

1916

1920

1924

1928

1932

1936

1940

1944

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

Cumulative Storage Ch

ange

 (acre‐feet)

Changes in Volume of Water Stored in the ESPA 

IDWR Water Level Volume Change Mass Measurement USGS Water Budget Volume Change

1952 – 2018 ≈ 11,000,000 AF total removed from storage1952 – 2018 ≈ 160,000 AF/yr average removed from storage

2015 – 2018 ≈ 2,100,000 AF gain in aquifer storage

Page 22: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Aquifer Storage Change: 2016‐2018• Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of 

runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017.• The impacts from the wet winter continued through the 

2017 and 2018.• Activities associated with the Settlement Agreement began 

in 2016, and the State‐sponsored Managed Recharge program increased substantially.

• State‐sponsored recharge contributed approximately 560,000 acre‐feet from spring 2017 to spring 2018.

• Private recharge and diversion reductions associated with the Settlement Agreement contributed an unknown, but substantial volume of water to aquifer storage.

Page 23: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

4,300

4,800

5,300

5,800

6,300

6,800

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

20,000,000

1912

1916

1920

1924

1928

1932

1936

1940

1944

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

Discharge

 (cfs)

Cumulative Storage Ch

ange

 (acre‐feet)

ESPA Volume of Water and Thousand Springs Discharge

Calculated Thousand Springs Discharge IDWR Water Level Volume Change USGS Water Budget Volume Change

Page 24: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Synopsis

1. The water levels in the ESPA have risen significantly the last two years.a. Partly due to recharge and demand reductions.b. Partly due to exceptional precipitation.

2. The large increase in ESPA storage is a good start to a long‐term solution.a. The ESPA leaks, and aquifer‐storage gains are  

fleeting.

Page 25: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Discussion

Page 26: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

March/April Water Levels

• Water‐level changes provide a straight‐forward, reliable method for calculating changes in aquifer storage.

• Water levels reflect the  amount of water in the aquifer.

• Conducting measurements in the March/April maximizes the time between irrigation seasons (unperturbed water table).

• March/April measurements allow for the integration of the impacts due to irrigation‐season activities into a resulting condition (annual aquifer storage change).

Page 27: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

290

295

300Apr‐09 Apr‐10 Apr‐11 Apr‐12 Apr‐13 Apr‐14 Apr‐15 Apr‐16 Apr‐17 Apr‐18 Apr‐19

08S 19E 02DCCD1 (MP 31)

Page 28: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

20,000,000

1912

1916

1920

1924

1928

1932

1936

1940

1944

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

Cumulative Storage Ch

ange

 (acre‐feet)

Changes in Volume of Water Stored in the ESPA 

IDWR Water Level Volume Change Mass Measurement USGS Water Budget Volume Change

Page 29: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

Aquifer Storage Change: 2016‐2018• Activities associated with the Settlement Agreement began 

in 2016, and the State‐sponsored Managed Recharge program increased substantially.

• Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017.

• Managed recharge was conducted shortly before, during or after the spring 2017 and 2018 synoptic measurements.

• Managed recharge presents new complexities that we are working through.

• The storage‐change calculations are still useful, but not nearly as straightforward. 

Page 30: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65April‐09 April‐10 April‐11 April‐12 April‐13 April‐14 April‐15 April‐16 April‐17 April‐18 April‐19

Dep

th to

 Water (ft)

03S 33E 31DBD1 (Hilton Spill)

2017

2018

Page 31: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 32: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

‐10

‐8

‐6

‐4

‐2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025

Groun

d Water In

dex (feet) 

Year

Annual Ground Water Level Index:Settlement Agreement Sentinel Wells

Page 33: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued

SWSI 2017 = 3.5SWSI 2018 = 2.3

Page 34: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 35: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 36: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 37: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 38: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 39: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 40: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 41: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 42: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 43: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 44: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 45: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 46: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued
Page 47: ESPA Storage Changes€¦ · • Winter of 2016‐2017 was exceptional, and large volumes of runoff occurred at unusual times during 2017. • The impacts from the wet winter continued