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The Economic Times Title : Don't overestimate your Esop value Author : CHANDRALEKHA MUKERJI Location : Article Date : 11/23/2015 Don't be blinded by the lucre of stock options offered by startups. Converting them into cash won't be easy. Last week, Flipkart, the poster boy of India's start up success story, sold a stake in its employee trust fund for `180240 crore.This came as a rare opportunity for many of its onpaper crorepati employeesthose with stock optionsto finally get cash in their bank accounts.They are a lucky lot, given most startups struggle to survive. And, in most cases, the stock options given out by startups aren't even worth the paper they are printed on. Employee Stock Option Plans or Esops are offered as a part of an employee's compensation. Esop holders have the right to purchase a certain number of shares in the company at a predecided price, agreed upon at the time of salary negotiations. With the rise in the company's valuation, the stocks will be worth much more than the discounted rate at which they are offered to the employee.That's the idea. However, you need to be wary of Esops given out by startups. You are betting that the valuation of the company will rise. But, there is always a risk of devaluation. In fact, as happens with most startups, the company may even have to shut shop. “Employees of companies that fail, end up holding worthless stock,“ says T. Srikanth Bhagavat, MD and Principal Advisor, Hexagon Capital Advisors. In the ecommerce industry, where monthly attrition rate at the junior and middle management level is 1520%, Esops are a talentretention tool. At senior levels, they are used by cashstrapped companies to hire talent they otherwise can't afford. Esops are a highrisk gamble. “While the up side might be quite high, if there is no visibility of money coming in, they are not worth the risk,“ says Pratyush Prasanna, former VP, Paytm and now an entrepreneur. Gains from Esops, even if the valuations soar, take time to materialise. In fact, accumulating stocks via Esops takes considerable time, known as vesting period. And even before the vesting period begins, there is something called a cliff period. You have to wait out the cliff and the vesting period before getting a chance to see some cash. The vesting period at an Indian startup is typically four years, with a 1218 months cliff. So, you become eligible for exercising Esops after at least an year of joining and then you have to accumulate stocks over the next four years. If you quit or get fired before your Esops get vested, you lose your money. Even the number of Esops that you vest per year during the vesting period often follows a schedule that does not favour the employee. “Some companies with a fouryear vesting period, have increasing slabs of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, rather than equal vesting (25% per year), which is unfair for shareholders who might quit early,“ says Prasanna. Apart from the vesting period, your eligibility to accumulate stocks is also linked to your performance. “By providing Esops, companies make sure that employees are putting in their best efforts for the success of the venture,“ says Praveen K. Dewan, Managing Partner, Antal International. So, unless you meet targets, you may not be able to vest your Esops. If all goes wellyour company is a success, the perceived valuation becomes a reality, you are able stick around and are recognised as a contributor to its suc cess, there is still no guarantee that you will get the cash you believe you deserve. Remember, you have Esops of a startup and not a listed company.Unless the company goes public, there are few options of cashingoutand they are not of your choosing. You may be able to monetise your Esops, if your company gets acquired.For instance, Fashion etailer

Esop - Dont Overestimate Your Esop

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Page 1: Esop - Dont Overestimate Your Esop

The Economic TimesTitle : Don't overestimate your Esop valueAuthor : CHANDRALEKHA MUKERJILocation :Article Date : 11/23/2015

Don't be blinded by the lucre of stock options offered by startups. Converting them into cash won'tbe easy.Last week, Flipkart, the poster boy of India's start up success story, sold a stake in its employee trust fundfor `180­240 crore.This came as a rare opportunity for many of its on­paper crorepati employees­­thosewith stock options­­to finally get cash in their bank accounts.They are a lucky lot, given most startupsstruggle to survive. And, in most cases, the stock options given out by startups aren't even worth thepaper they are printed on.

Employee Stock Option Plans or Esops are offered as a part of an employee's compensation. Esopholders have the right to purchase a certain number of shares in the company at a pre­decided price,agreed upon at the time of salary negotiations. With the rise in the company's valuation, the stocks willbe worth much more than the discounted rate at which they are offered to the employee.That's the idea.

However, you need to be wary of Esops given out by startups. You are betting that the valuation of thecompany will rise. But, there is always a risk of devaluation. In fact, as happens with most startups, thecompany may even have to shut shop. “Employees of companies that fail, end up holding worthlessstock,“ says T. Srikanth Bhagavat, MD and Principal Advisor, Hexagon Capital Advisors.

In the e­commerce industry, where monthly attrition rate at the junior and middle management level is1520%, Esops are a talent­retention tool. At senior levels, they are used by cash­strapped companies tohire talent they otherwise can't afford. Esops are a high­risk gamble. “While the up side might be quitehigh, if there is no visibility of money coming in, they are not worth the risk,“ says Pratyush Prasanna,former VP, Paytm and now an entrepreneur.

Gains from Esops, even if the valuations soar, take time to materialise. In fact, accumulating stocks viaEsops takes considerable time, known as vesting period. And even before the vesting period begins, thereis something called a cliff period. You have to wait out the cliff and the vesting period before getting achance to see some cash. The vesting period at an Indian startup is typically four years, with a 12­18months cliff. So, you become eligible for exercising Esops after at least an year of joining and then youhave to accumulate stocks over the next four years. If you quit or get fired before your Esops get vested,you lose your money. Even the number of Esops that you vest per year during the vesting period oftenfollows a schedule that does not favour the employee. “Some companies with a four­year vesting period,have increasing slabs of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, rather than equal vesting (25% per year), which is unfairfor shareholders who might quit early,“ says Prasanna.

Apart from the vesting period, your eligibility to accumulate stocks is also linked to your performance.“By providing Esops, companies make sure that employees are putting in their best efforts for the successof the venture,“ says Praveen K. Dewan, Managing Partner, Antal International. So, unless you meettargets, you may not be able to vest your Esops. If all goes well­­your company is a success, theperceived valuation becomes a reality, you are able stick around and are recognised as a contributor to itssuc cess, there is still no guarantee that you will get the cash you believe you deserve. Remember, youhave Esops of a startup and not a listed company.Unless the company goes public, there are few optionsof cashing­out­and they are not of your choosing.

You may be able to monetise your Esops, if your company gets acquired.For instance, Fashion e­tailer

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Myntra, which was acquired by Flipkart in May 2014, allowed its employees, who had quit by the timeof the acquisition but had vested Esops, to sell their shares. However, this may not be the case with allcompanies that get acquired. Your stocks could get transferred to the acquiring company, or you may beallowed to encash just a portion of your stock holding.

Theoretically, whenever a company gets some cash, there is a possibility of Esop monetisation, however,at times, founders partially encash their shares when they receive funding, but employees aren't giventhat option.Further, as the company sells stake, the employees' stock holding gets diluted. “As a companygrows and raises more rounds of funding, even key employees don't get commensurate stocks that isbeing diluted with multiple funding rounds,“ says Prasanna.In rare cases, holders may get some cash, ifthe company announces dividend, or if the board offers to buy back employee shares.

If you are joining an early­stage startup, make sure you evaluate the scalability of the idea and thefounders' background before accepting Esops as part of your remuneration.Also, says Dewan, “Discussthe exit plan for your Esops, in case the IPO of the company does not happen in a reasonable time.“

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