eSolution Intermediate S S Appendix

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e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension

Vocabulary and ComprehensionScope and Sequence

e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension 313

Level 1 314

Level 2 318

Level 3 322

Level 4 326

Level 5 330

Level 6 334

Assessments 338

Bonus Passages 339


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Appendix


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A1e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension

Appendix

Assessments A2

Level 1 Birds: Our Feathered Friends A2

Level 2 Fish Facts A4

Level 3 Reptiles: Cold-Blooded Animals A6

Level 4 Marsupials A8

Level 5 Insects A10

Level 6 Mammals: The Highest Animal Class A12

Bonus Passages A14

113B Black Gold: Can We Live Without It? A14

222B American Roads: A Rough Ride A16

302B Wall Across the Yangtze: Three Gorges Dam A18

411B Vampire Bats: Bloodsucking Mammals A20

512B Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction? A22

610B Salmon: A Bleak Future? A24

Guide to Genres A27

Common English Prefxes, Sufxes, and Roots A28

Hasbrouk-Tindal Table o Oral Reading

Fluency Norms A30

San Diego Quick Assessment o Reading Ability A31

Glossary A35

Reerences A38

Assessment Level 1

Birds: Our FeatheredFriends

Assessment Level 1

Birds: Our Feathered Friends

1 There are thousands of different birds. Birds have two legs and two


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Right There Think & Search On My OwnAuthor & Me

Teacher Guide Appendix

Friends

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452

Assessment Level 1

e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension Student Level 1

Birds: Our Feathered Friends

Comprehension

1 Another good title or this passage would be

A Birds, Snakes, and Dogs.

B All About Birds.

C Feathers.

D Ostriches and Penguins.

2 The third paragraph is mostly about

A eathers.

B how birds fy.

C where birds live.

D birds that cannot fy.

3 Select the sentence that is not true.

A Some birds are very small.

B Birds are the only animals with eathers.

C All birds can fy. D Most birds live in trees.

4 Because the ostrich has strong legs, it can

A swim well.

B fy ar.

C run ast.

D jump high.

5 The author probably wrote this passage to

A share inormation about birds.

B sell bird cages.

C get people to buy a book about birds. D tell unny stories about birds.

6 How are penguins and ostriches alike? How are they dierent? Answer using complete

sentences.

Both penguins and ostriches are birds that cant y. Ostriches are very big and can run

fast. Penguins are smaller and are good swimmers.

(Answers will vary.)

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451e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension Student Level 1

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There are thousands of different birds. Birds have two legs and two

wings. Some birds are very small. Others are large. Birds are the only

animals that have feathers. Feathers can be any colo r. They keep birds

warm and dry. Flight feathers are very smooth.

Most birds can fly . Birds can fly because they have very light

bones. Their strong muscles move the wings. The tail helps the bird

to steer in the sky. Different birds have different shaped wings. This

is because birds live in different places. Most birds live in trees. Other

birds live high in the hills. Some live on the ground. Some birds fly long

distances . They live one place in the summer. They live someplace else in

the winter.

Some birds cannot fly. They are too big. The biggest bird is

an ostrich. It can grow to be 8 feet tall and can weigh 300 pounds.

An ostrich has strong legs. It can run very fast. Some birds are good

swimmers. Penguins are birds that can swim. They can swim very fast.

They use their wings to swim.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the followingstrategies: monitoring comprehension, activating backgroundknowledge, questioning, visualizing, inerring, analyzing.

1 Title Selection

Read the passage. Ask, What is this passage mostly about? Eliminate the answer choices that are too broad,covering more inormation than is in the passage, ortoo narrow, covering only a small part o what is in

the passage. Select the answer that would be another good titleor this passage.

2 Main Idea

Read the third paragraph. Pay special attention tothe frst sentence o the paragraph, called the topicsentence. It oten has useul clues about the mainidea o the paragraph.

Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This passage is mostly about ___.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.3 True/False

Read the instructions careully, paying attention tothe words not true.

Read each sentence. All inormation in the sentencemust be true or the sentence to be true.

Reer to the passage, as needed. Eliminate theanswer choices that are true.

Select the sentence that is alse.4 Cause and Eect

Read the sentence stem. Consider what the ostrichs legs allow it to do. Select the answer that correctly completes the sentence. Reer to the passage or more inormation, as needed.

5 Authors Purpose

Reread the passage. Ask, Is the author telling me acts, trying to convinceme to do something, or trying to entertain me?

Select the answer that best describes what the authoris trying to do.

6 Compare and Contrast

Read the instructions, paying attention to the wordsalike and dierent.

Visualize a penguin and an ostrich.Ask, How are they alike? How are they dierent? Use two or three acts rom the passage in your answer.

Answer in complete sentences.

Assessment Level 1 Assessment Level 1 Birds: Our Feathered Friends

Vocabulary

7 Select the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.

Birds: Our FeatheredFriends


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a. Because birds have very light bones, they can fy through the air.

A not heavy

B something bright in color

b. An ostrich can grow to be 8 eet tall.

A body parts used or walking.

B units used or measuring length

c. Most birds can fy in the sky.

A an insect with two wings

B to move through the air

8 Circle the homophone that correctly completes each sentence. Write the word on the line.

a. Birds use strong wings to fy. (their, there)

b. Some birds live in place all year. (won, one)

c. An ostrich can up to 300 pounds. (weigh, way)

d. All birds have wings. (to, too, two)

9 Read each word in the left column. Find its antonym in the right column. Write the capitalletter on the line beside the word.

a. dierent A dark

b. small B same

c. warm C large

d. dry D cool

e. light E wet

B

C

D

E

A

their

one

weigh

two

Vocabulary

7 Multiple Meaning Words

Multiple meaning words are words that are spelledthe same but have dierent meanings.

Identiy the multiple meaning word in each sentence. Look or context clues that help determine whichmeaning o the word makes sense in the sentence.

Check the answer by replacing the underlined wordwith the defnition to see i it makes sense in thesentence.

8 Homophones

Homophones are words that are pronounced thesame but have dierent meanings. They are usually

spelled dierently. Read each sentence. Pay attention to the spelling o each word. Visualize what each homophone means. Select the word that fts with the context o thesentence.

9 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Read the frst word in the let column. Visualize the words meaning. Read the words in the right column. Select the wordthat means the opposite o the word in the letcolumn.

Repeat the process with the rest o the words in thelet column.

Friends

Assessment Level 2

Fish Facts

Assessment Level 2

Fish Facts

1 There are many kinds of fish. They come in many colors, shapes,


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Assessment Level 2


Fish Facts

Comprehension

1 What is the same about all fsh?

A All fsh have gills, fns, and live in water.

B All fsh have gills, fns, and can live on land or in water.

C All fsh start out as tadpoles.

D All fsh live in salt water.

2 The last paragraph is about

A where fsh live.

B why fsh are good swimmers.

C how fsh use their gills to breathe oxygen.

D why some fsh live in reshwater.

3 Decide whether each sentence is a act or an opinion. Fill in the correct bubble.

Fact Opinion

a. All fsh are beautiul.

b. Fish come in dierent sizes and colors.c. Fish use their fns to control their direction in the water.

d. Fish are un to watch.

e. Fish use gills to get oxygen rom water.

4 What could readers conclude ater reading the passage?

A There is a lot to learn about fsh.

B Many people like to catch fsh.

C Some people like to eat fsh.

D There are only a ew kinds o fsh.

5 Select the sentence that is not true.

A

All fsh have fns and gills. B Fish are good swimmers.

C Fish use their gills to get oxygen rom the water.

D Freshwater fsh live in the ocean.

6 What causes a fsh to move through the water?

Fish move through water by moving their tails from side to side. They use their ns

to steer.


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454e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension Student Level 2e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension Student Level 2

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and sizes. Some fish are as small as tadpoles. Others are larger than

crocodiles. Some fish are thin, while others are fat.

All fish have three important things in common. They all live in

water. All fish have fins to control the direction of their movement. They

all use gills to get oxygen from the water.

Some fish live in the ocean. They are saltwater fish. Other fish live

in rivers and lakes. These fish are freshwater fish.

Fish are good swimmers. They propel themselves through the water

by moving their tails from side to side. Fish use their fins to steer . Some

fish have only one fin. But most fish have more than one fin.

Gills are water-breathing organs . They are located in the fishs

mouth. The fish takes in water through its mouth. The water goes

through gill slits. These help the fish to get oxygen from the water as it

passes through.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the followingstrategies: monitoring comprehension, activating back-ground knowledge, questioning, visualizing, inerring.

1 Details

Read the question, paying attention to the questionwords what is the same.

Read the answer choices. Reread the passage to fnd the correct answer.

2 Main Idea Read the last paragraph. Pay special attention tothe frst sentence o the paragraph, called the topicsentence. It oten has useul clues about the mainidea o the paragraph.

Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This paragraph is mostly about ____.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.3 Facts and Opinions

A act is inormation that can be proven to be true. An opinion is a eeling, personal view, or belie.Words that make judgments oten indicate asentence is an opinion.

Read each sentence and decide whether it is a actor an opinion.

4 Drawing Conclusions

Read the question. Pay attention to the word conclude. In order to draw a conclusion, you have to puttogether inormation you have read with what youalready know. The inormation isnt always directlystated in the text.

Select the answer choice that draws the mostappropriate conclusion.

5 True/False

Read the instructions careully, paying attention thewords not true.


Reer to the passage, as needed. Eliminate theanswer choices that are true.

Select the answer choice that is alse.6 Cause and Eect

Read the question. Consider what a fsh uses to swim.Reer back to the passage, as needed. Use inormation rom the passage in the answer.


Assessment Level 2

Fish Facts

Assessment Level 2

Vocabulary

7 Write the word rom the passage that matches each defnition.

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a. body parts fsh use to swim (Line 5)

b. body parts that fsh use to breathe (Line 6)

c. move or push something (Line 9)

d. control the direction o something (Line 10)

8 Read each word in the let column. Find its synonym in the right column. Write the capital

letter on the line beside the word.

a. many A tiny

b. ast B lots

c. large C quick

d. small D huge

9 Create the singular possessive orm o each word in parentheses. Write the new word in

the blank.

a. A tail moves it through the water. (fsh)

b. A mouth is ull o very large teeth. (crocodile)

c. A babies are called tadpoles. (rog)

10 Circle the pair o antonyms in each sentence. Write the antonyms on the lines below

the sentence.

a. Some fsh are big, and other fsh are small.

b. Some fsh are thin, while others are at.

c. Saltwater fsh live in the ocean, while reshwater fsh live in rivers and lakes.

and

and

and

B

C

D

A

ns

gills

big small

propel

steer

shs

crocodiles

frogs

thin fat

saltwater freshwater

Vocabulary

7 Defnitions: Context Clues

Read each defnition. Pay attention to words orcontext clues that give hints about the word that bestmatches the defnition.

Use the line number to help you locate the word inthe passage.

Note that the part o speech (noun, verb, adjective,or adverb) o the target word in the defnition willoten match the part o speech o the correct answer.For example, move through the air: fy.

8 Synonyms

Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. Read the frst word in the let column. Visualize the words meaning. Read the words in the right column. Select the wordthat has the most similar meaning.


9 Possessive Sufx: -s

Adding the sufx -s to a noun shows singularpossession and means belonging to. For example,Kims bicycle means the bicycle belongs to Kim.

Identiy the noun in parentheses that will take thepossessive orm.

Write the singular possessive orm o the noun inthe blank.

Read the completed sentence aloud to be sure itmakes sense.

10 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Read the sentence. Circle the two words that mean theopposite o each other.

Write each antonym on an answer line.

Assessment Level 3

Reptiles: Cold-BloodedAnimals

Assessment Level 3

Reptiles: Cold-Blooded Animals

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Reptiles have lived on Earth for a long time. They have been here

for more than 300 million years Reptiles are animals They are cold


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Assessment Level 3


Reptiles: Cold-Blooded Animals

Comprehension

1 Based on the passage, what generalization can be made about reptiles?

A Reptiles belong to four classes and they are all cold-blooded.

B Some reptiles live in water.

C Scales protect reptiles from the sun.

D Lizards are a kind of reptile.

2 What causes reptiles to get hot?

A They eat a lot and the food keeps them warm.

B They have lived on the earth for a long time.

C Warm temperatures around them make them warm, too.

D Their thick scales make them hot.

3 How does the title help the reader know what the passage is about?

A It makes the reader guess the main topic.

B It tells the reader the main topic will be reptiles and that they are cold-blooded.

C It describes how reptiles and mammals are different. D It lets readers know that reptiles have been around for a long time.

4 All of these sentences about reptiles are true, except:

A Reptiles have lived on Earth for more than 300 million years.

B When temperatures are high, cold-blooded animals are hot.

C There are more than 8,000 different kinds of reptiles.

D Turtles are not a kind of reptile.

5 The second paragraph mainly tells

A how crocodiles and alligators are in the same class of reptiles.

B where reptiles can be found.

C how the 8,000 different types of reptiles are grouped into four c lasses. D how long reptiles have lived on Earth.

6 According to this passage, how are turtles and snakes alike? (Answers will vary.)

Turtles and snakes are alike becau se they are both reptiles.

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for more than 300 million years. Reptiles are animals. They are cold-

blooded. This means that their body temperature changes. When it is

cold outside, reptiles are cold. When it is hot outside, reptiles are hot.

Reptiles eat 30 to 50 times less food than mammals . This is because they

do not have to burn fuel for energy . Reptiles have dry, scaly skin. Their

skin protects them from drying out.

There are many kinds of reptiles. More than 8,000 types of reptiles

live on Earth. Reptiles live all over the world. Some reptiles live on land.

Others live in the water. Living reptiles fall into four classes. Turtles are

one class of reptiles. They are reptiles with a shell . Turtles are the oldest

living reptile group. Crocodiles are another class of reptiles. Alligators

are included in this group. Lizards are a type of reptile. Snakes are

reptiles, too.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the followingstrategies: monitoring comprehension, questioning,visualizing, inerring, determining importance,summarizing/synthesizing, analyzing.

1 Generalizing

Generalizations are broad statements aboutsomething. They may not be true in every case, butthey are true most o the time. A specifc act ordetail is not a generalization.

Look or words like most, oten, and all. Thesewords oten indicate a sentence is a generalization.

Read the answer choices. Ask, Is this a simple act, or is it a generalization? Select the answer that oers a generalizationabout reptiles.

2 Cause and Eect

Read the answer choices.Ask, What heats up cold-blooded animals? Reer to the passage or more inormation, as needed.

3 Title Selection

Reread the title. Visualize what you would expect ina passage with this title.

Read the answer choices and eliminate those thatare clearly incorrect.

Select the answer that best summarizes how the titlehelps the reader know what the passage is about.

4 True/False

Read the instructions, paying attention to the wordexcept. This means to look or the exceptionthesentence that is nottrue.

Read each sentence. Eliminate the answer choicesthat are true.

Select the answer choice that is alse.5 Main Idea

Read the second paragraph. Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This paragraph is mostly about ____.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.6 Compare and Contrast

Read the question. Think about how turtles and snakes are similar. Reer to the passage or more inormation, as needed.Answer in a complete sentence.

Assessment Level 3

Reptiles: Cold-BloodedAnimals

Assessment Level 3 Reptiles: Cold-Blooded Animals

Vocabulary


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a. animals that have hair or ur (Line 5)

b. describing plates o skin that are dry and rough (Line 6)

c. a hard outer covering on a turtle (Line 11)

d. contained, to have been part o a group (Line 13)

8 Circle the word in each row that does not belong.

a. mammals millions thousands hundreds

b. Earth planet world class

c. turtles crocodiles fsh lizards

d. years months days temperatures

9 Add the sufx -est to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

a. old Spot is the o our three dogs.

b. long Sarah has the hair in our class.

c. cold The gym is the room in the school.

10 Read each word in the let column. Find its antonym in the right column. Write the capital


a. less A harms

b. lived B wet

c. cold C more

d. dry D died

e. protects E hot

est

est

est

mammals

scaly

oldest

longest

coldest

shell

included

C

D

E

B

A

Vocabulary




Note that the part o speech (noun, verb, adjective, oradverb) o the target word in the defnition will otenmatch the part o speech o the correct answer. Forexample,powerto be active or to do work: energy.

8 Categories and Classifcation

Read across each row o words. Visualize what each word means. Identiy the word that is least similar in terms omeaning to the other words and circle it.

Check the answer by identiying the category orthe remaining words.

9 Adjective Sufx: -est

When the sufx -estis added to an adjective, it is usedto compare three or more people, places, or things. Itmeans most. For example, i no one can run as ast as

Tamara, then Tamara is the astestrunner. Add the sufx to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

10 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Read the frst word in the let column. Visualize the words meaning. Read the words in the right column. Select the wordthat means the opposite o the word in the let column.


Assessment Level 4

Marsupials

Assessment Level 4

Marsupials

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A marsupial is a type of mammal. Unlike other mammals,

marsupials have pouches. They carry their babies in their pouches . Most


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Assessment Level 4


Marsupials

Comprehension

1 Why did the author most likely write this passage?

A to tell amusing tales about marsupials

B to convince people that they shouldnt be scared of marsupials

C to encourage people to go see marsupials at the zooD to share information about marsupials

2 How is this passage organized?

A It gives a cause and then describes an effect.

B It states main ideas followed by supporting details.

C It shares different peoples opinions.

D It offers a series of steps in a process.

3 Based on the passage, one conclusion readers could make about opossums would be:

A People can be fooled into thinking an opossum is dead.

B Opossums look like large bears.

C Some opossums live in trees and do not drink water. D Opossums can grow to be as large as kangaroos.

4 What gives kangaroos the ability to escape trouble?

A They are very big and scary.

B They have powerful legs that allow them to jump far.

C They dont need to drink water.

D They can climb trees quickly.

5 How are kangaroos and koalas alike?

A They both live in trees.

B They both can jump long distances.

C

They both carry their babies in their pouches. D Neither one drinks water.

6 If you scared an opossum, what would you expect it to do? (Answers will vary.)

I would expect the opossum to fall over and play dead.

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of the marsupials in the world live in Australia.

Kangaroos are marsupials. They have strong back legs and can jump

long distances. Kangaroos have strong tails. Their tail is used for balance.

The red kangaroo can grow to be about seven feet tall. They ca n weigh

more than 200 pounds. They move fast. Sometimes, they travel at 40

miles per hour.

Another Australian marsupial is the koala. Koalas live in trees. They

have thick, gray fur, a black nose, and no tail. Koalas look very cuddly.

They only eat leaves from a gum tree. The leaves are juicy. Koalas do not

drink water.

Wombats are also marsupials. They are Australian rodents.

Wombats live in holes in the ground. They sleep during the day and come

out at night. Wombats diet consists of grass and plant roots.

Opossums are the only marsupials that live outside Australia.

Opossums look like large rats. They have long faces and tails. Opossums

eat eggs, fruit, insects, and small animals. When they are scared, theyfall to the ground and pretend to be dead. This is how the term playing

possum originated .

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the followingstrategies: monitoring comprehension, questioning,visualizing, inerring, determining importance, analyzing.

1 Authors Purpose

Read the passage. Ask, Is the author telling me acts, trying to convinceme o something, or trying to entertain me?

Read the answer choices and eliminate the choicesthat are clearly incorrect.

Select the correct answer.2 Text Organization

Read the question, paying attention to the wordshow and organized.

Compare the passage to the types o organizationlisted in the answer choices.

Select the answer that best describes how thepassage is organized.


Read the question and the answer choices. Pay attention to the word conclusion. In order to draw a conclusion, you have to puttogether inormation you have read with what youalready know. The inormation isnt always directlystated in the text.

Select the answer choice that draws the mostappropriate conclusion about opossums.

4 Cause and Eect

Read the answer choices. Consider what eature allows kangaroos to escape. Reer to the passage or more inormation, as needed.


Read the question. Visualize a kangaroo and a koala. Ask, How are they similar? Read the answer choices. Reer back to the passage, as needed.


Read the question, paying attention to the questionwords what would you expect.

Use a act rom the passage to support the answer. Answer in a complete sentence.

Assessment Level 4

Marsupials

Assessment Level 4

Vocabulary

7 Select the meaning o the underlined word in each sentence.

a. Koalas only eat leaves from a gum tree.

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A parts of a plant

B goes away

b. Marsupials carry their babies in their pouches.

A a small bag used or carrying things

B a pocket of skin on the belly of certain animals

c. A red kangaroo can grow to be about seven feet tall.

A a unit for measuring length

B body parts used for standing and walking


a. A red kangaroo can more than two hundred pounds. (weigh, way)

b. A wombat lives in an underground . (whole, hole)

c. Koalas have gray fur, a black nose, and tail. (know, no)

9 Complete each sentence using a word with the prefx un-.

a. Something that is not marked is .

b. Something that is not tied is .

c. Something that is not true is .

10 Find the idiom in the passage that means pretending to be dead or asleep. Write the idiom

on the answer line.

weigh

hole

no

unmarked

untrue

untied

playing possum

Vocabulary




Check the answer by replacing the underlinedword with the defnition to see i it makes sense inthe sentence.

8 Homophones

Homophones are words that are pronounced thesame but have dierent meanings. They are usuallyspelled dierently.

Read each sentence. Pay attention to the spelling o each word. Visualize what each homophone means. Select the word that fts with the context o thesentence.

9 Adjective Prefx: un-

The prefx un- means notor opposite o. For example,i a dog is not riendly, then it is unriendly.

Read each sentence stem. Complete each sentence using a word with theprefx un-.

10 Idioms

An idiom is a common expression that cannot beunderstood by the literal meaning o the separate words.It has a special meaning that can only be understood as

an entire phrase. For example, the idiom a piece of cakereers to something that is easy to do.

Find the idiom in the passage. Write the idiom on the answer line.

Assessment Level 5

Insects

Assessment Level 5

Insects

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Insects belong to a huge group of animals. This group is called

arthropods. All arthropods have a hard outer coat called an exoskeleton.


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Assessment Level 5


Insects

Comprehension

1 List the stages of insect metamorphosis in the correct order from 1 to 5.

a. The larva enters the pupa stage.

b. An insect lays its eggs.

c. Each larva has several molts.

d. An adult insect emerges.

e. Eggs turn into larva.

2 Another good title for this passage would be

A Insects and Metamorphosis.

B Insects and Animals.

C The World o Insects.

D Exoskeletons and Arthropods.

3 The second paragraph mainly tells about the

A dierent body parts o insects.

B change called metamorphosis.

C numbers o dierent insects in the world.

D discovery o new insects.

4 According to the passage, all of these sentences are true, except:

A Arthropod is another name or insect.

B The bottom section o an insect is called the abdomen.

C During the pupa stage, the insect will eat fve times its weight.

D There are more than 900,000 dierent kinds o insects.

5 Which sentence would the author probably disagree with?

A Metamorphosis is an amazing process o change.

B Arthropods are very interesting creatures.

C Insects are creepy and not worth studying.

D Arthropods are the largest animal group in the world.

6 Why do you think scientists continue to discover new kinds of insects every year?

(Answers will vary.) Many insects are small and live in hard-to-nd places. There are so

many kinds of insects that there must always be new types to nd.

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This exoskeleton protects the soft insides of an arthropods body.

An adult insects body is divided into three sections : a head, a

thorax , and an abdomen. The insects head contains mouthparts, eyes,

and antennae. The thorax is the middle part of an insects body. Three

pairs of jointed legs a re found on the thorax. Insects have six legs. Two

pairs of wings are also attached to the thorax. The abdomen is the bottom

part of an insect. It is the biggest part of the body.

Most insects undergo a change . This change is called a

metamorphosis. The metamorphosis has four stages : egg, larva , pupa ,

and adult. Most insects lay eggs. Each egg then turns into a larva. After

several molts , the larva enters the pupa stage. During this stage, it does

not eat or move. When the pupa stage ends, the adult insect emerges .

There are thousands of insects in the world. More than 900,000

kinds have been found. That is more than three times as many other

animal types put together. Many more new insects are discovered every

year.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the followingstrategies: monitoring comprehension, questioning,visualizing, inerring, determining importance,summarizing/synthesizing, evaluating.

1 Sequence o Events

Review the passage. Ask, Which stage o metamorphosis happens frst? Ask, Which stage happens next? Number the stages rom frst to last. Reer to the passage or more inormation, as needed.

2 Title Selection

Reread the passage. Ask, What is this passage mostly about? Eliminate the answer choices that are too broad,covering more inormation than is in the passage,or too narrow, covering only a small part o what isin the passage.

Select the answer that would be another good titleor the passage.

3 Main Idea

Read the second paragraph. Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This paragraph is mostly about ____.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.4 True/False

Read the instructions careully, paying attentionto the word except. This means to look or theexceptionthe sentence that is nottrue.


Select the answer choice that is alse.5 Authors Viewpoint

Think about the authors tone and the inormationin the passage.

Read the answer choices. Ask, Does the author sound positive, neutral, ornegative about the subject?

Select the answer choice that the author wouldlikely disagree with.


Read the question, paying attention to the questionword why.

Use a act rom the passage to support the answer. Answer in complete sentences.

Assessment Level 5

Insects

Assessment Level 5 Insects

Vocabulary


a. the middle part of an insects body (Line 5)thorax

l


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b. a stage when young insects have a soft tube-shaped body (Line 11)

c. a stage when a larva sheds its outer skin (Line 11)

d. appears after being hidden (Line 14)


the sentence.

a. The hard exoskeleton protects the soft insides of an arthropods body.

b. The smallest part of an insect is usually the head, while the abdomen is the biggest

section.

9 Read each word in the let column. Find its synonym in the right column. Write the capital


a. abdomen A kinds

b. section B found

c. discovered C stomach

d. several D part

e. types E a few


a. After the larva molts, the insect will enter the pupa stage.

A a period or phase in a process

B a raised platform in a theater

b. There are three sections of an insects body.

A parts of an object

B different seating areas in a stadium

c. Most insects undergo a change called metamorphosis.

A coins

B the process of becoming something different

and

and

C

D

B

E

A

emerges

pupa

larva

hard soft

biggestsmallest

Vocabulary




Note that the part o speech (noun, verb, adjective,or adverb) o the target word in the defnition willoten match the part o speech o the correct answer.For example, move through the air: fy.

8 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Read each sentence. Circle the two words that meanthe opposite o each other.

Write each antonym on an answer line.9 Synonyms

Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. Read the frst word in the let column. Visualize the words meaning. Read the words in the right column. Select the wordthat has the most similar meaning.



Multiple meaning words are words that are spelled thesame but have dierent meanings.



Assessment Level 6

Mammals: The HighestAnimal Class

Assessment Level 6

Mammals: The Highest Animal Class

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3

Mammals are the highest class of animals. There are about

5,000 living mammal species. Mammals have several characteristics in

common. All mammals are warm-blooded. That means that their body


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Assessment Level 6


Mammals: The Highest Animal Class

Comprehension

1 What generalization could readers make ater reading this passage?

A All mammals are warm-blooded.

B While mammals have some common characteristics, there are many different

kinds of mammals.

C Mammals have four types of diets.

D The blue whale is the largest of all mammals.

2 Why did the author most likely write this passage?

A to provide a general overview of mammals

B to persuade the reader to learn more about mammals

C to encourage readers to check out a book about mammals from the library

D to provide entertaining stories about mammals

3 Write the name o the kind o mammal that would have the ollowing diets.

a. plants

b. meat and plants

c. insects

d. only meat

4 Ater reading the second paragraph, what would be the best defnition or the sufx -vore?

A a place to eat

B teeth

C eating, feeding on

D swirling

5 What is the main idea o the frst paragraph?

A There many different kinds of animals.

B Mammals have four kinds of diets.

C All mammals share certain characteristics. D There are many differences between mammals.

6 Compare and contrast dogs and aardvarks, based on inormation in the passage.

(Answers will vary.) Dogs and aardvarks are both mammals, which means they both have

fur, give birth to live babies, and produce milk for their babies. But dogs are carnivores,

while aardvarks are insectivores.

herbivore

omnivore

insectivore

carnivore

. .


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common. All mammals are warm blooded. That means that their body

temperature remains constant regardless of the temperature of their

environment. The majority of all mammals have bodies partially or

wholly covered with hair. Most female mammals give birth to live young.

They nourish their offspring with milk secreted by mammary glands.

Mammals have hearts with four chambers. They have three middle-ear

bones: the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Mammals have four kinds of diets. Herbivores are plant-eaters.

This group includes beavers, cows, horses, and pandas. Ca rnivores are

meat-eaters. Whales, dolphins, dogs, tigers, and lions fall into this group.

Omnivores eat plants and meat. Humans, raccoons, and some bears fall

into this category. Insectivores eat insects. Aardvarks and anteaters are

examples of insectivores.

There are many different kinds of mammals. The blue whale is the

largest of all mammals. African elephants are the largest land mammals.

In terms of speed, the cheetah is the fastest mammal, while the sloth

is the slowest. The giraffe is the tallest mammal. Pygmy shrews and

bumblebee bats are the smallest mammals. The striped skunk is the

smelliest mammal of all.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the followingstrategies: monitoring comprehension, activating back-ground knowledge, questioning, visualizing, inerring,determining importance, analyzing.

1 Generalizing

Generalizations are broad statements aboutsomething. They may not be true in every case, butthey are true most o the time. A specifc act ordetail is not a generalization.

Read the answer choices. Select the answer that oers a generalizationabout mammals.

2 Authors Purpose

Read the passage. Ask, Is the author telling me acts, trying to convinceme to do something, or trying to entertain me?

Select the answer that best describes what theauthor is trying to do.

3 Details

Read the instructions. Find the inormation in the passage related toanimal diets.

Write the answers on the lines.4 Drawing Conclusions

Read the instructions, paying attention to thesufx -vore.

In order to draw a conclusion, you have to puttogether inormation you have read with what youalready know.

Ask, What do the words herbivore, carnivore,omnivore, and insectivore have in common?(Answer: They all describe kinds o animal diets.)

Select the answer that would be the best meaning.5 Main Idea

Read the frst paragraph. Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This paragraph is mostly about how ____.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.6 Compare and Contrast

Read the instructions. Pay attention to the wordscompare and contrast. Compare means to decide howthings are alike, and contrastmeans to decide howthings are dierent.

Visualize a dog and an aardvark. Using complete sentences, write about how the twoanimals are similar and how they are dierent.

Assessment Level 6

Mammals: The HighestAnimal Class

Assessment Level 6 Mammals: The Highest Animal Class

Vocabulary


a. Mammals are warm-blooded and temperature remains constant

regardless of the temperature around them. (their, there)

their


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regardless of the temperature around them. (their, there)

b. Almost all mammals have on most of their bodies. (hare, hair)

c. The hearts of mammals have chambers. (four, for)

d. For some mammals, is the only food they eat. (meet, meat)

8 Add the sufx -est to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

a. fast Cheetahs are the mammals.

b. large African elephants are the land mammals.

c. tall Giraffes are the mammals.


a. Some bears fall into the category of omnivores.

A are included, belong

B the season of the year that follows summer

b. The body temperature of mammals remains the same regardless of their environment.A leftovers, scraps

B stays

c. Mammals are considered to be the highest class of animals.

A a group of students who are taught together

B a group of animals based on similarities

est fastest

st

est

largest

tallest

meat

four

hair

Vocabulary

7 Homophones


Read each sentence. Pay attention to the spelling o each word. Visualize what each homophone means. Select the word that fts with the context o thesentence.


When the sufx -estis added to an adjective, it isused to compare three or more people, places, orthings. It means most. For example, i no one in the

class can run as ast as Alonse, then Alonse is theastestrunner.

Add the sufx to each word. For words that end in e,remember to just add -st.

Use the new word to complete the sentence.





Bonus Passage 113B

Black Gold: Can We Live Without It?

1

2

3

It is hard to think about a world without oil. Oil is often called black

gold. That is because oil is worth a lot of money. Oil can make people

rich. Countries want to have oil on their land. People are willing to go to

Bonus Passage 113 B

Black Gold: Can We LiveWithout It?


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e SOLUTION: Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension Bonus Passages

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war over oil.

Oil is used for many things. Plastic, soap, and glue are made from

oil. Oil is used to heat homes. Oil is used for gas. We need gas for cars,

buses, trains, and planes.

Oil is a big business . People need more and more oil. But oil is not

easy to get. It has to be drilled from oil wells. Drilling for oil is a hard job.

Many of the oil wells are used up. The U.S. spends a lot of money looking

for new ways to find oil.

Every year there is a 2 percent rise in the need for oil. This is a

problem. There is not enough oil for all the needs. Someday we may

run low on oil. Some people think we could run low in the year 2030. In

the meantime, we need to find ways to use less oil. We also need to find

other ways to run our cars and heat our homes. Someday we may live in

a world without oil.

470

Bonus Passage 113B

. .


Black Gold: Can We Live Without It?

Comprehension

1 The second paragraph is mostly about

A how oil makes people rich.

B why people want and need more and more oil.

C how hard it is to drill or oil.D what lie would be like without oil.

2 According to the passage, what could be the eect o the increased use o oil?

A The U.S. may plant more trees in the orests.

B More people may take car trips around the U.S.

C More people may start to take trains and planes.

D People may need to fnd new ways to live without oil.


A encourage people to buy solar-powered cars.

B inorm people about the need to use less oil.

C tell people not to buy plastic and soap made rom oil.

D get people to heat their homes with wood.

4 The author o this passage probably would not say:

A Oil is worth a lot o money.

B People should try to use less oil.

C People should work on ways to live without oil.

D There will always be enough oil or everyone.

5 What causes the U.S. to continue to look or ways to fnd oil?

A Everyone wants to know i they have oil on their land.

B Due to the many ways that oil is used, oil wells will soon be drained.

C Larger cars need more oil.

D More people are moving to Alaska.

6 Compare this Bonus Passage to Passage 113, Oil: Black Gold. How are the two passages

alike? How are they dierent?

Both passages are about oil. The rst passage tells why oil is worth a lot of money. The

Bonus Passage is about how we are using up all the oil.


Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use thefollowing strategies: monitoring comprehension,activating background knowledge, questioning, inerring,determining importance.

1 Main Idea

Read the second paragraph. Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This paragraph is mostly about ___.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.2 Cause and Eect

Read the question and the answer choices. Consider the eect o the increased use o oil. Reer back to the passage or more inormation,as needed.

3 Authors Purpose

Read the passage. Ask, Is the author telling me acts, trying toconvince me to do something, or trying toentertain me?


4 Authors Viewpoint

Read the instruction, paying attention to theword not.

Think about the authors tone and what the authorwould likely not say. Select the correct answer.

5 Cause and Eect

Read the question and the answer choices. Think o reasons why the U.S. continues to look orways to nd oil.

Select the answer that best answers the question.6 Compare and Contrast

Read the questions. Reer back to Passage 113, Oil: Black Gold,as needed.

Think o the main topics or each passage. How arethey alike? How are they dierent?


Bonus Passage 113B Black Gold: Can We Live Without It?

Vocabulary


a. Many things are rom oil. (maid, made)made

their

Bonus Passage 113 B

Black Gold: Can We LiveWithout It?


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b. Many people would be happy to fnd oil on land. (their, there)

c. Oil is used or cars, , and trains. (plains, planes)

d. People spend a lot o money looking or ways to fnd oil.

(new, knew)


a. It is hard to drill or oil.

A a solid frm surace

B a difcult task

b. Oil can make some people very rich.

A a metal container oten used to hold ood or liquid

B the ability to do something

c. People need to fnd other ways to run their cars and heat their homes.

A use machinery to do work

B use eet to move quickly on the ground

9 Circle the word in each row that does not belong.

a. war fght peace argue

b. horses buses cars trucks

c. world moon Earth planet

d. gold diamonds oil sand



a. easy A more

b. hot B hard

c. big C little

d. less D cold

their

planes

new

B

D

C

A

Vocabulary

7 Homophones


Read each sentence. Pay attention to the spelling o each word. Visualize what each homophone means. Select the word that ts with the context othe sentence.



Identiy the multiple meaning word in the sentence. Look or context clues that help determine whichmeaning o the word makes sense in the sentence.

Check the answer by replacing the underlined wordwith the denition to see i it makes sense inthe sentence.

9 Categories and Classifcation

Read across each row o words. Visualize what each word means.Identiy the word that is least similar in terms omeaning to the other words and circle it.

Check the answer by identiying the category orthe remaining words.

10 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Read the rst word in the let column. Visualize the words meaning. Read the words in the right column. Select the wordthat means the opposite o the word in the let column.


Bonus Passage 222B

American Roads: A Rough Ride

1

2

3

4

U.S. roads and highways are in bad shape . Many of them are falling

apart. This is a big problem. First of all, it is dangerous to drive on bad

roads. Poor roads can cause accidents in which people are hurt or killed.

S d d i i d i d f C b k d

Bonus Passage 222 B

American Roads:A Rough Ride


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Teacher Guide Appendix473

Bonus Passage 222B

. .


American Roads: A Rough Ride

Comprehension

1 According to this passage, what is one eect o trac jams?

A People honk at each other.

B They cause pollution.

CThey encourage people to drive to more places.

D People can relax and drive more slowly.

2 What would most likely happen i more money were spent on taking care o roads?

A There would be ewer accidents.

B People would take more plane fights.

C There would not be any trucks on the roads.

D It would take longer to drive somewhere.

3 Which sentence would the author o this passage probably agree with?

A The roads in the U.S. are just ne and should be let alone.

B The U.S. spends too much money on xing roads.

C To keep people o the roads, the U.S. should build more airports.

D The U.S. should spend more money on roads.


A encourage people to take trains and planes.

B explain the causes o pollution.

C inorm people that U.S. roads are in bad shape.

D get people to drive more slowly.

5 Ater reading this Bonus Passage and Passage 222, Roads and Highways, compare

and contrast the important points made in both passages. How are they alike? How are

they dierent?

The two passages are alike in that they both describe the importance of roads and

highways in the U.S. Passage 222 tells the history of building roads and highways in

the U.S. Passage 222B makes the point that today the U.S. roads and highways are in

bad shape. More money needs to be spent on xing the roads.


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Second, driving on poor roads is not good for cars. Cars may break down.

Then they need to be fixed. This costs money and takes time. Third,

when roads are bad, it takes longer to drive on them. This can cause

traffic jams . Traffic jams waste gas. They also cause pollution .

Why are Americas roads in such poor condition ? There are many

reasons. One reason is that road traffic keeps growing. There are more

cars on the roads today. But there are even more trucks. Heavy trucks

cause damage to our roads.

Another reason is that the U.S. is not taking care of its roads. The

U.S. does not have a big plan for fixing its roads. It costs a lot of money

each year to fix the roads. We need to put more money into fixing our

roads. Having better roads will make driving safer. Traffic will move

better. The U.S. needs better roads.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use thefollowing strategies: monitoring comprehension,activating background knowledge, questioning,visualizing, inerring, determining importance,summarizing/synthesizing.

1 Cause and Eect

Read the answer choices. Ask, What is one eect o trac jams? Reer back to the passage or more inormation,as needed.

2 Cause and Eect

Read the answer choices. Consider what would most likely happen i moremoney were spent on taking care o roads.

Reer back to the passage, as needed.3 Authors Viewpoint

Read the passage. Think about the authors tone. Ask, Does the author sound positive, neutral, ornegative about the subject?

Select the sentence that the author is most likely toagree with.

4 Authors Purpose

Reread the passage. Ask, Is the author telling me acts, trying toconvince me to do something, or trying toentertain me?



Read the questions. Reer back to Passage 222, Roads and Highways,as needed.

Think o the important points made in eachpassage. How are they alike? How arethey dierent?


Bonus Passage 222B American Roads: A Rough Ride

Vocabulary


a. movement o cars and trucks rom one place to another

(Line 7)

trafc

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b. harmul matter in the air, water, or soil (Line 7)

c. crashes or collisions involving a moving car, truck, or bus

(Line 3)

d. main roads between towns or cities (Line 1)

7 Circle the homophone that best completes each sentence. Write the word on the line.

a. Rough roads can cause cars to down or get in accidents.

(break, brake)

b. In the U.S. are many roads that are in poor condition.

(their, there)


the sentence.

a. The roads and highways in the U.S. are getting worse, not better.

b. Poor road conditions are dangerous, not sae.


a. Trafc jams can waste gasoline and take up a lot o time.

A ruits that are crushed and oten used on bread

B stops or blocks so that nothing can move

b. Roads and highways in the U.S. are in bad shape.

A outline o something

B general condition o something

c. Driving on poor roads can cause many problems.

A to have little or no money

B in need o repair

and

and

pollution

worse

dangerous safe

better

accidents

highways

break

there

Vocabulary


Read each denition. Pay attention to words orcontext clues that give hints about the word that bestmatches the denition.


Note that the part o speech (noun, adjective, verb, oradverb) o the target word in the denition will otenmatch the part o speech o the correct answer. Forexample,powerto be active or to do work: energy.

7 Homophones


spelled dierently. Read each sentence. Pay attention to the spelling o each word. Visualize what each homophone means. Select the word that ts with the context o thesentence.

8 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings.Read each sentence. Circle the two words that meanthe opposite o each other.

Write each antonym on an answer line.




Check the answer by replacing the underlinedword with the denition to see i it makes sense inthe sentence.

Bonus Passage 302B

Wall Across the Yangtze: Three Gorges Dam

1

2

3

4

The Three Gorges Dam is in China. It is the largest dam in the

world. The dam took many years to build. The work began in 1993. It

ended in 2009. The dam cost billions of dollars to build.

The dam was built for many reasons. The main one was to

Bonus Passage 302 B

Wall Across the Yangtze:Three Gorges Dam

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Bonus Passage 302B

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Wall Across the Yangtze: Three Gorges Dam

Comprehension

1 Decide whether each sentence is a act or an opinion. Fill in the correct bubble.

Fact Opinion

a. The Three Gorges Dam is the largest dam in the world.

b.China started to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1993.

c. It was a good idea to build the Three Gorges Dam.

d. The Three Gorges Dam runs a power plant.

e. The Three Gorges Dam is worth the cost.

2 The second paragraph is mostly about

A the reasons the Chinese decided to build the Three Gorges Dam.

B pollution o the Yangtze River.

C oods along the Yangtze River.

D how the dam was constructed.

3 Write B i an event happened beore the Three Gorges Dam was built. Write A i an event

happened ater the Chinese started building the dam.

a. Due to great oods, millions o people lost their homes rom time to time.

b. Because water would fll the dam, people had to move to other locations.

c. The Three Gorges Dam provides clean energy and reduces pollution.

d. Water trafc was not always easy or sae.

4 What caused the Chinese to decide to dam the Yangtze River? Select all that apply.

A Floods oten caused people to lose their homes.

B River trafc sometimes was not easy or sae.

C Farmers needed new armland.

D There were too many old villages along the river.

E China needed more clean electrical energy.

5 Ater reading this Bonus Passage and Passage 302, Yangtze River, compare and contrast the

most important points and key details presented in both passages. How are they alike? Howare they dierent?

Passage 302 is about the Yangtze River and its importance to the Chinese people. The

key details in this passage include the three different parts of the river. Passage

302B is about the Three Gorges Dam across the Yangtze River. The key details in this

passage include the reasons why the dam was built.


B

A

A

B

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e da as bu t o a y easo s. e a o e as to

stop flooding on the Yangtze River. Along the river, floods had killed

thousands of people. Millions more had lost their homes. Also, the

dam was made to help traffic on the river. It made it easier and safer to

travel. Finally, the dam runs a power plant. It provides clean energy. This

reduces pollution .

On the other hand, many people did not think the dam was a

good idea. The dam cost a lot of money to build. More than 1.2 million

people had to move to make way for the dam. Farmland was lost. Animal

habitats were hurt. Fisheries were also hurt. Historical sites were ruined.

People are worried about new landslides. They are also worried about

water pollution.

Are the benefits of the dam worth the cost? Only time will tell.

Comprehension

In answering these questions, students use the

following strategies: monitoring comprehension,questioning, visualizing, inerring, determiningimportance, summarizing/synthesizing, analyzing.

1 Facts and Opinions

A act is inormation that can be proven to be true.Facts oten include statistical inormation, such asnumbers, times, and dates.

An opinion is a eeling, personal view, or belie.Words that express emotion or make judgmentsoten indicate a sentence is an opinion.

Read each sentence and decide whether it is a actor an opinion.

2 Main Idea

Read the second paragraph. Pay attention to therst sentence o the paragraph, called the topicsentence. It oten has useul clues about the mainidea o the paragraph.

Say the ollowing phrase beore each answerchoice: This paragraph is mostly about ___.

Select the answer that makes the most sense.3 Sequence o Events

Review the passage. Ask, What happened beore the Three Gorges Damwas built?

Ask, What happened ater the dam was built?Label each event accordingly.

4 Cause and Eect

Read the question. Consider the reasons why the Chinese decided todam the Yangtze River.

Select all the answer choices that apply. Reer back to the passage, as needed.


Read the questions. Reer back to Passage 302, Yangtze River,as needed.

Think o the important points and key detailsin each passage. How are the alike? How arethey dierent?


Bonus Passage 302B Wall Across the Yangtze: Three Gorges Dam

Vocabulary

6 Write the word rom the passage that matches each denition.

a. makes smaller or less (Line 9)

b. the process o making air, water, or soil dirty or harmul

reduces

ll ti

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Wall Across the Yangtze:Three Gorges Dam

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(Line 9)

c. the natural places where animals and plants live

(Line 13)

d. advantages or improvements (Line 16)

7 Add the sux -est to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

a. large Three Gorges Dam is the dam in the world.

b. small Even the homes are now sae.

c. tall The dam may even be the dam in the world.


a. Millions o people lost homes when the river fooded.

(there, their)

b. More than one million people moved to make or the water thatcovered their land. (weigh, way)

c. People who lived in low lands be saer rom foods.

(would, wood)

d. Some people worried that the dam would cause problems.

(new, knew)



a. build A expand

b. many B dangerous

c. killed C destroy

d. sae D ew

e. reduce E saved

C

D

E

B

A

habitats

benefts

largest

their

way

would

new

st

est

est

smallest

tallest

pollutionVocabulary


Read the denition. Pay attention to words or contextclues that give hints about the word that best matchesthe denition.


Note that the part o speech (noun, verb, adjective, oradverb) o the target word in the denition will otenmatch the part o speech o the correct answer. Forexample, astmovement or action: rapid.


When the sux -estis added to an adjective, it is usedto compare three or more people, places, or things. It

means most. For example, i no one in school can runas ast as Aisha, then Aisha is the astestrunner.

Add the sux to each word. For words that end in e,remember to just add st.

Use the new word to complete the sentence.8 Homophones


spelled dierently. Read each sentence. Pay attention to the spelling o each word.

Visualize what each homophone means. Select the word that ts with the context othe sentence.

9 Antonyms

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Read the rst word in the let column. Visualize the words meaning. Read the words in the right column. Select the wordthat means the opposite o the word in the let column.


Bonus Passage 411B

Vampire Bats: Bloodsucking Mammals

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Vampire bats are the only mammals that feed on blood. They can

be found in Mexico. They also live in South and Central America. These

small animals are hunters during the darkest part of the night. Their

victims are usually cattle a nd horses. However, vampire bats have been

Bonus Passage 411 B

Vampire Bats:Bloodsucking Mammals

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Bonus Passage 411B

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Vampire Bats: Bloodsucking Mammals

Comprehension

1 Which sentence best summarizes the second paragraph?

A Vampire bats hunt in the middle o the night.

B Vampire bats are known to carry rabies.

C Vampire bats bite their victims and then drink the fowing blood.

D Vampire bats have razor-sharp teeth.

2 What causes the animals blood to continue to fow instead o clotting?

A the bats razor-sharp teeth

B the bats gentle bite

C the saliva in the bats mouth

D the bats tongue laps up the blood quickly

3 What does not usually occur when a vampire bat attacks a victim?

A The bat bites the animal with razor-sharp teeth.

B The vampire bat drinks the animals blood.

C The animals blood fows and does not clot.

D The animal wakes up.

4 Which sentence is a generalization about vampire bats?

A A vampire bat will drink the victims blood or about 30 minutes.

B Most oten, vampire bats attack animals rather than people.

C Vampire bats live in Mexico, as well as Central and South America.

D Vampire bats have heat sensors on their noses.

5 Ater reading this Bonus Passage and Passage 411, Bats: Flying Creatures o the Night, use

inormation rom both passages to describe some dierent sensor systems in bats that help

them survive.

Bats use some unique sensor systems to survive. They have a way of navigating called

echolocation that allows them to hunt at night. Bats make high-pitched sounds as they

y. In ight, they are able to avoid objects by listening to the echoes that bounce off

objects. In making these sounds, they can also locate prey. In addition, vampire bats

have heat sensor systems located on their noses. These sensors allow them to locate

spots where warm blood is owing close to the skin of animals. These two unique sensor

systems help bats survive.


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known to attack humans as well. Vampire bats land on the ground near

their sleeping victims. The bats creep toward them on all fours.

Vampire bats have heat sensors on their noses. These sensors help

them to find the perfect spot on their victims body. That is the spot

where warm blood flows just beneath the skin. Vampire bats bite the

skin with their razor-sharp teeth. They are able to pierce the skin so

gently that the victim does not awaken. The bats then lap up the blood

with their tongues. Vampire bats continue drinking the victims blood for

about 30 minutes. The saliva in the bats mouth prevents the blood from

clotting .

The quantity of blood vampire bats drink is not enough to harm a

victim. But the bite of a vampire bat is very dangerous to animals and

humans for other reasons. Vampire bats often carry rabies , which can be

transmitted to their victims. Their bites can also cause a serious infection.

Comprehension


following strategies: monitoring comprehension,activating background knowledge, questioning,visualizing, inerring, determining importance, analyzing.

1 Main Idea

Read the second paragraph. Say the ollowing phrase beore each possibleanswer: This paragraph is mostly about how ____.

Select the answer that best summarizesthe paragraph.

2 Cause and Eect

Read the answer choices. Ask, What causes the animals blood to continueto fow, rather than clotting?

Reer back to the passage or more inormation,as needed.

3 Details

Read the question, paying attention to the wordsdoes notoccur.

Read the answer choices. Eliminate the answer choices that name things thatdo occurwhen a vampire bat attacks its victim.

Reread the passage to nd the correct answer.4 Generalizing

Generalizations are broad statements aboutsomething. They may not be true in every case, butthey are true most o the time. A specic act ordetail is not a generalization.

Look or words like most, mostly, and oten. Thesewords oten indicate a sentence is a generalization.

Read the answer choices. Ask, Is this a simple act, or is it a generalization? Select the answer that oers a generalization aboutvampire bats.

5 Compare and Contrast Read the instructions. Consider what causes bats to change their coursewhen fying. Also think about how vampire bats usetheir noses to nd the best place on the body to eedon their prey.

Reer to both passages or more inormation,as needed.

Use inormation rom both passages in the answer. Answer in complete sentences.

Bonus Passage 411B Vampire Bats: Bloodsucking Mammals

Vocabulary

6 Write the word rom the passage that matches each denition.

a. a mammal that licks the blood o humans or animals (Line 1)

b. people or things that have been hurt or killed by something else

(Line 4)

vampire

victims

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Vampire Bats:Bloodsucking Mammals

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c. a very sharp cutting edge (Line 10)

d. a disease that can kill animals and humans when bitten by an inected animal

(Line 17)

e. becoming thicker or almost solid (Line 14)

7 Add the prex trans- to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

a. continental It was a airplane fight.

b. port The truck will a shipment o ood.

8 Add the sux -est to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

a. small Vampire bats are among the members o the

bat amily.

b. dark The bats attack in the part o the night.

c. mean Some o the animals are very small.

9 Circle the pair o synonyms in the sentence. Write the synonyms on the lines below

the sentence.

Although the amount o blood that a vampire bat drinks rom its victims is not harmul, the

bite o a vampire bat could be dangerous.

andharmful dangerous

transport

transcontinental

smallest

darkest

meanest

razor

rabies

clotting

trans

trans

est

est

est

Vocabulary


Read each denition. Pay attention to words orcontext clues that give hints about the word that bestmatches the denition.


Note that the part o speech (noun, adjective, verb,or adverb) o the target word in the denition willoten match the part o speech o the correct answer.For example, almostbut not quite nished: nearly.

7 Adjective, Noun, or Verb Prefx: trans-

The prex trans- means across or beyond, or to moverom one place to another. For example, the word

transatlanticmeans across the Atlantic Ocean. Add the prex to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.


When the sux -estis added to an adjective, it isused to compare three or more people, places, orthings. It means most. For example, i no one in theneighborhood has a smaller dog than Carmen, thenCarmen has the smallestdog.

Add the sux to each word. Use the new word to complete the sentence.

9 Synonyms

Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. Read the sentence. Circle the two words that havesimilar meanings.

Write each synonym on an answer line.

Bonus Passage 512B

Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction?

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Loch Ness is a lake in Scotland. The Loch Ness monster is thought

to be a creature that lives in fresh water. The existence of the monster is

part of the local folklore. Popular interest and belief in this myth began

in 1933. Some people reported that they saw a monster in the lake.

Others also claimed to have seen a creature in the lake mist Many people

Bonus Passage 512 B

Loch Ness Monster: Factor Fiction?

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Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction?

Comprehension

1 The author o this passage would probably say:

A People should travel to Loch Ness to search or the monster.

B A monster lives deep in the muddy waters o Loch Ness.

C One day someone will prove that there really is a Loch Ness monster.

D There is no Loch Ness monster.

2 What caused photographers to take photos and scientists to use sonar to look or the

Loch Ness monster?

A Someone wanted to write a book about reshwater animals.

B People wanted to know i the Loch Ness monster really existed.

C Photographers wanted to try out the new underwater cameras.

D They wanted to take a trip to the Scottish Highlands.

3 Based on the passage, which sentence is a good generalization about the Loch Ness monster?

A Popular interest in the Loch Ness monster began in 1933.

B Many people like to read and think about the Loch Ness monster.

C Underwater photography was used as a means to fnd the monster.

D Sonar uses sound to detect and locate objects under water.


A provide an exciting story about an unusual reshwater creature.

B encourage people to take a tour to the Scottish Highlands.

C share actual inormation about the Loch Ness monster.

D sell underwater photography equipment.

5 Ater reading this Bonus Passage and Passage 512, Nessie: The Loch Ness monster, do you

believe there is a monster living at the bottom o Loch Ness? Give reasons or your answer,

using inormation rom both texts.

After reading both passages, I do not believe there is a monster living at the bottom

of Loch Ness. Scientists have tried to nd the monster using sonar and u nderwater

photography, but they have not found any real proof of a monster. The story of the

monster has been told over the years. Perhaps at one time someone saw something in

the mist and thought it might be a monster. The story grew and grew. I f there really

were an unusual creature in the lake, scientists would have found it by now.


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Others also claimed to have seen a creature in the lake mist. Many people

traveled to Loch Ness in hopes of seeing the monster.

No one seemed to be able to have a clear view of the monster. The

descriptions of the monster varied from one account to another. Older

reports indicated that the monster looked like a horse. Others stated it

was a sea dragon. Then people claimed that the monster looked more

like a dinosaur or ancient reptile. The reports may have been wishful

thinking.

From time to time, people tried to prove that the Loch Ness monster

actually existed. Photographers tried to use underwater cameras to take

photos. However, no one was able to get a clear photo in the muddy

lake. Scientists tried to use sonar, or sound waves, to find the monster.

They could not say for sure that they found a living creature. They may

have found a set of logs and rocks in the form of a monster lying on the

bottom of the lake. No one has been able to prove that the Loch Ness

monster exists. It may have been a hoax designed to get tourists to visit

Loch Ness. The hoax then became a modern-day myth.

Comprehension


following strategies: monitoring comprehension,activating background knowledge, questioning,visualizing, inerring, determining importance, evaluating.

1 Authors Viewpoint

Read the passage. Think about the authors tone. Ask, Does

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