ESA Missions and Related Activities in the ILWS Framework

Solar System Missions Division

ESA Missions and Related Activities

in the ILWS Framework Hermann J. Opgenoorth

Solar System Missions DivisionResearch and Science Support Department

ESA - ESTEC

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Ulysses

Exploring the Heliosphere in 4 Dimensions


Ulysses Milestones

• Launch: 6 Oct 1990 by space shuttle Discovery

• Polar Passes:

1994 (south) / 1995 (north)

2000 (south) / 2001 (north)

2006/7 (south) / 2007/8 (north)

• End of Prime Mission: 30 Sep 1995

• ESA Extensions of Scientific Operations:

Jun 1993 SPC: 1 Oct 1995 – 31 Dec 2001 (6.2 yrs)

Jun 2000 SPC: 1 Jan 2002 – 30 Sep 2004 (2.75 yrs)

Feb 2004 SPC: 1 Oct 2004 – 31 Mar 2008 (3.5 yrs)

Nov 2007 SPC: 1 Apr 2008 – early 2009 (on contingency funds to support Great Observatory)

On 15 Jan 2008 loss of X-band transmitter - continued operation on S-Band

…with slowly freezing hydrazine because of absent X-band transmitter heat output.

June 12, 2008: END-OF-MISSION Press Event in Paris ESA-HQ - Orbit in Peace - Ulysses !!!


Ulysses 3rd round over the sun’s poles


Ulysses: still measuring the polar solar wind

Fast wind from the N polar coronal hole

X-band Anomaly (15 Jan 2008)

[ Max. N latitude (80°) reached on 14 Jan 2008 ]

velocity

density

temperature

perihelion

Fast wind from the S polar coronal hole




SOHO - our eye on the Sun




SOHO’s Future• Current mission extension until 12/2009

• Joint programs with HINODE and STEREO

• 08/2008: Launch of “next-generation SOHO”: SDO

• 2009: cross-calibration of MDI/EIT with SDO

• > 2010: reduced automated mission (Bonus/Bogart mission)

(coronagraphs, TSI,…)

• Recent Senior review outcome: continued operation to 2013 (See NASA presentation)

• ESA decision pending - presentation to Nov 2008 SPC (in competition)


magnetopause

cusplobe

magnetosheath

solarwind

plasma sheet

bow shock

Scientific regions visited by Cluster: Scientific regions visited by Cluster: daysidedayside

February


magnetopause

cusp lobe

magnetosheath

solarwind

plasma sheet

bow shock

Scientific regions visited by Cluster: Scientific regions visited by Cluster: nightsidenightside

September


Cluster milestones• Cluster I launched by Ariane 5 (failure): 4 June 1996

• Cluster II first Launch: 16 July 2000 by Soyuz Fregat (first ESA spacecraft from Baikonour)

• Second launch: 10 August 2000 by Soyuz Fregat

• End of Prime Mission: 1 February 2003

• First extension: 1 Feb. 2003 - 31 Dec. 2005 + full orbit coverage

• Cluster active archive startup: Feb 2003

• 2nd extension: 1 Jan. 2006 - 31 Dec. 2009 Very successful mid-term review in late 2007

• Because of raised perigee no reentry until 2013

• New 4 year extension proposal (including coll.

with Themis and Swarm) to be submitted to

Nov 2008 SPC (decision in competition)

2001

2008-2009

2010-2013 decreased inclination


Cluster observed long electron diffusion region near magnetic reconnection

Simulation of magnetic reconnection [Shay et al., 2007]


Cluster observations in electron diffusion region[Phan et al., Phys. Rev. Let., 2007]

Very good agreement between observations and simulations

Observations Simulations

B-field

Velocity

Density

CLUSTER

[Lavraud et al., Geophys. Res. Lett, 2007]

CME accelerate plasma above 1000 km/s near magnetosphere

SOHO CME

Cluster high speed flows and simulations

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SolarWindspeed


10

100

1000

10000

100000

Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07

Date

Inter-spececraft distance (Km)

C1,C2,C3C3,C4

cusptail

C1

C2

C3

C4

d

Separation distances changed every 6 Separation distances changed every 6 monthsmonths

50km!

“Multiscale”

April-May 2008: 45 deg. tilt of C3 close to C4 - first real 3-d field and wave measurements !

ESA Support to Hinode

• ESA, in sub-contractual collaboration with the Norwegian Space Centre, provides

one additional downlink contact to Hinode for each of the 15 orbits per day

• This support considerably improves the overall scientific data return and the cadence of

observations from the Hinode mission

• The European scientific community is

catered with processed data through

a dedicated Hinode data centre

at the University of Oslo

• MoU with JAXA about partnership

• ESA commitment maintained after X-band

Failure and activities presently shifted to

increased support via S-band stations, also

utilising Norwegian assets in Antarctica.

Hinode

ESA - EOP Living Planet 3-satellite mission to study core dynamics and geodynamo processes, crustal magnetisation, and ocean circulation from low Earth orbit. Ionosphere-magnetosphere current systems and magnetic forcing of the upper atmosphere need to be derived and taken care of - “one man’s noise is another man’s data” Selected by Earth Obs. Program Board for Launch in 2009 (now late 2010) Electric Field Instrument (Ion Drift Meter) provided by CSA in collaboration with ESA Science Programme

Plan to use new Cluster extension for collaboration in ionosphere / magnetosphere interaction studies during 2011-2012 Plan to use extensive ground-based network for calibration and science

ILWS Future Missions - SWARM


PROBA - 2 ESA Technology Demonstrator

Project for On-Board Autonomy within ESA D/TECSuccessor of PROBA1 (launched in 2001, dedicated to Earth observation)

ESA mission with Belgium as lead funder (through GSTP)

Prime contractor: Verhaert Design & Devl. (Belgium)

Schedule: development 2003-2006 and expected launch in 2009 into an LEO 06-18 Sun-synchronous orbit

Following a proposal to the ESA NLM programme the Proba-2 science operation has been «adopted« for a 2 year mission duration by the May 2006 SPC meeting - at a cost of 2.8 Meuro for ESA.

Implementation of operation support presently ongoing


Clear ESA and European memberstateinterest to participate in this mission -but discussion presently on hold,awaiting clarity about Solar Orbiterpayload selection

KuaFu - in detailed study phase within CNSA, CMA, and PKUSolar Storm, Aurora and Space Weather Exploration

Launch Date: 2012


Bepi Colombo:two satellites

to Mercury’s

magnetosphere


Bepi Colombo:two satellites

to Mercury’s

magnetosphere

Mission/Programmatic Status at present:

Recent mass crisis (>500 kg) makesSoyuz launcher no longer feasible

Due to heat load new heavier structuremust be developed, now using Ariane 5launcher with expected date of 2014

Expected cost increase : order of 180 M€

Vote in SPC June 2008 not to cancel the mission following SPRT recommendation

Other cost increases in H/P, Gaia, LPFrequire reassessment of CV programme

Renewed discussion about “overheated”Science Programme at next SPC (Nov 08)… stay tuned


Solar Orbiter Next major Solar and

Heliospheric mission ESA ILWS flagship

2015 - 2025

Now with theInner

HeliosphericSentinels


4 Inner Heliospheric Spacecraft OrbitsJoint Solar Orbiter / Sentinels (“SOS”) Science and Technology Definition Team (JSTDT) installed by ESA and NASA evaluated synergistic science opportunities such a joint mission and defined an updated joint mission definition. Obvious science opportunities are • the remote sensing capabilities of Solar Orbiter added to the in situ Sentinels and • a multi-spacecraft in-situ heliospheric connectivity to any such observations on the Sun added to the Solar orbiter mission• increased overall data return

JSTDT report published in Autumn 2007




• Nov SPC meeting: Solar Orbiter confirmed in Cosmic Vision at

cost cap of 300 Meuro (assumption of NASA launcher)• Oct 2007: Parallel AO for Solar Orbiter (ESA)

and FOSO - SMEX (NASA)• Jan/Febr 2008: Payload Proposals received by ESA and NASA• April/May 2008: payload categorisation NASA and selection ESA• 9 June 2008: payload selection coordination meeting ESA/NASA (announcement around time of next ESA NASA Bilateral, 16 July 08)• Status within ESA at present:

- Crisis of Bepi Colombo may spill over to SO in terms of cost and time schedule- Solar Orbiter may enter timeframe of new

Cosmic Vision- At present activities continued with launch

option 2015, but newly initiated cost and schedule

reassessment.

Solar Orbiter Mission Status


COSMIC VISION 2015-2025

Overwhelming response to Cosmic Vision call ca 90 proposals (~50 for SS)In Solar System area down-selection to 2 M class and 2 L class missions

M - Class Missions (300 M€ envelope):

Marco Polo - sample return mission to asteroid

Cross Scale - true multi-scale mission for general space plasma physicsconsiderable interest for ILWS and international collaboration (see next slides)

L - Class Missions (650 M€ envelope): to be down-selected to only 1 in late 2009

Laplace - Jovian system and Tandem - Kronian system missions


Euclid-400-51b

In Astronomy area similar down-selection to M-missions:Plato (extra-solar planet finder), Euclid (dark energy) and Spica (Infrared Space telescope with JAXA) andL-Mission: Xeus (X-ray observatory)

After parallel studies of all competitors in 2009/10 final down-selection toone M- and one L-mission (possibly two M-missions with larger envelope)

Competetive L-mission from present programme


Cross-Scale – key concepts• Multiple spacecraft clusters /constellations on a hierarchy of scales

• Electron groupElectron instruments3 axis electric and magnetic fields

• Ion groupFast ion instrumentsMagnetic field instruments

• Fluid groupBulk plasma and field instrumentsEnergetic particles

• NoteNeed different instrumentation at each scaleOther agencies could provide one or more scales

Cross-Scale

34

Mission requirements• Key Concepts

Behaviour ≠ Behaviour of – Simultaneous multi-scale– Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma

laboratory

• Mission Design– Electron Scale: Comprehensive

payload– Ion Scale: Targeted payload– Fluid Scale: Context payload– Focus: coupling between scales– Extensive payload at electron scale:

JAXA SCOPE

Cross-Scale

35

Alternative configurations

Three tetrahedra Shared corner

Cross-Scale

36

Orbit/Launch• Near-Earth space contains

– Shocks– Reconnection– Turbulence

• Orbit: 1.4x25 Re or 10x25 Re (14 deg. inclination)

• Launch up to 10 s/c via dispenser, • presently studying 5 and 7 s/c

options.• Separate SCOPE launch for 2

JAXA + 3rd party• Extendable by other agencies

Cross-Scale

37

Planning• Selected for further study in October 2007• Science Study Team composition (Nov 2007)• Concurrent Design Facility study (Dec 2007)• Invitation to tender to Industry (Mar 2008)• Selection of 2 parallel studies (May/June 2008)• Industrial Study for 1 year• Selection of one M and one L or alternatively two M missions in late 2009


Other ESA NewsScience Directorate (D/Sci) will cease to exist on 15 June 2008

New Directorate of Science and Robotic Exploration (D/SRE)Director remains the same: D. Southwood re-appointed 1+2 yrs to April 2011Main effect initially: ExoMARS will fall in D/SRE responsibility area

RSSD split into Sci-S (Scientific part, mainly in ESTEC, NL) and Sci-O (Operational part, mainly in ESAC, Spain) (VN’s out June 11, 2008)

“Nationally Led Missions” concept will continue, biennial calls for proposals

SOLAR Payload Suite has started to operate on ISS Columbus module

New ESA Council proposal for Space Situation Awareness Programme (incl. SW) to Conf. of Ministers in Nov. 2008 (see A. Glover, End-User TG)

Proba-3 continues within ESA Technology Directorate (D/TEC): Formation Flying Demonstrator with possibly a coronagraph on main spacecraft and separate occulter on second spacecraft.


European ILWS Strategy in an Overview

Major ESA Support or ESA – led Modest ESA Support

Strong ESA/SCI endorsement

1 Sun and Solar Wind Energy Source

Soho & Ulysses ext.Solar Orbiter BC–MMO SolarSent.

Solar – B grnd. stat.Coronagraph (MoO)Stereo grnd. stat

L1 mission(s)Solar - ISS Proba - 2

2a Ionosphere - Thermosphere Energy deposition

Swarm To be identifiedDemeterRavens

2b Magnetosphere Energy conversion

Cluster / DSP extensionM 3 development

NLM’scandidates tbi

OrbitalsFrisbeeNational Multi-Sats

3 Sun and Climate End-to-End Observ.

_ TSI M of Opp / C-PhPicard & Earthshine

_

4 Data Exploitation, Analysis & Models

Cluster Active Archive (CAA)

SDO DB or EN-SVO Stereo / Solar–B GrSt

Model and Theory Space Weather / GB

European ILWS Strategy in an Overview

Major ESA Support

or ESA – ledModest ESA Support

Strong ESA/SCI endorsement

1 Sun and Solar Wind Energy Source

Soho & Ulysses ext.Solar Orbiter <==BC–MMO SolarSent.

Solar – B grnd. stat.Coronagraph (Soho Bonus Miss.)Stereo grnd. stat. <=

L1 mission(s)> KuaFu ASolar - ISS (D/HME) == Proba - 2

2a Ionosphere - Thermosphere Energy deposition

Swarm To be identified

DemeterRavens -> KuaFu B

2b Magnetosphere Energy conversion

Cluster / DSP extensionCross-Scale (CV15-25)

NLM’s (?)candidates tbi

Orbitals -> RBSP ?Frisbee (?)Natnl. Multi-Sats(?)

3 Sun and Climate End-to-End Observ.

SOHO Bonus <== Mission (TSI)

TSI - Mission of Opp. Earthshine (?)

Picard (CNES)

4 Data Exploitation, Analysis & Models

Cluster Active Archive (CAA)

SDO DB or EN-SVO Stereo / Solar–B GrSt

Model and Theory Space Weather / GB

Documents

ESA Missions and Related Activities in the ILWS Framework