Erin Brinkerhoff

A Timeline of Technology

Erin Brinkerhoff http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_clock

Strand 1: 8000 BC to 1750 Agricultural Age: This was a

time when extended families lived together. Children were homeschooled or learned in a one-room schoolhouse. People traveled by foot or on a horse. The family business was agriculture.

http://www.stanthonyfresno.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ag.jpg

Strand 1: 1750 to 1950

Industrial Age: This age saw the introduction of nuclear families. Factories became the way to make money. Children attended public schools where they were grouped by age and grade level.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Industry_smoke.jpg

Strand 1: 1950 to 2005

Information Age: During this era, families changed yet again to represent broken homes, i.e. there were one parent households and in some two parent households, both parents were the same sex. Electronic technology took off and included cell phones, computers, various vehicles, and the internet.

HTTP://WWW.CHANDLERCAREGIVERS.COM/IMAGES/INFORMATION.JPG

Strand 1: 2005 to Present Communication Age: This is the

newest age. It has taken technology to a new level. Families haven't changed much but technology has expanded to allow people to ignore distance and live, work, and collaborate together. This era depends on social media as a vehicle for this collaboration. It allows us to share and spread ideas with the click of a button. School has morphed to include technology and, in some cases, has allowed for a move back to a "one-room schoolhouse" in a digital sense. http://blog.w3i.com/wp-content/uploads/communication.jpg

Strand 2: Technology 1900-1909

1900: Charles Seeberger invented the modern-day escalator.

1901: The first successful reception of a radio transmission by a radio receiver.

1902: James Mackenzie invented the polygraph machine.

1903: Crayons are invented by Edward Binney & Harold Smith.

1907: Auguste & Louis Lumiere invented color photography.

http://blogs.clarionledger.com/annieoeth/files/2012/10/ecycler-crayons.jpg


1910: First talking motion picture demonstrated by Thomas Edison.

1912: Motorized movie cameras are invented.

1914: Morgan gas mask is invented by Garrett A. Morgan.

1916: Radio tuners that received different stations.

MORGAN’S GAS MASK

http://www.blackinventor.com/images/garrettmorgan5.png


1921: The first robot is built.

1923: The traffic signal is invented by Garrett A. Morgan.

1925: John Logie Baird invented the mechanical television.

1928: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

Penicillin

http://usermeds.com/static/penicillin-5.jpg


1932: Edwin Herbert Land invented Polaroid photography.

1937: The photocopier is invented by Chester F. Carlson

1937: The first jet engine is built.

1939: The electron microscope is invented.

The First Jet Engine

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Whittle_Jet_Engine_W2-700.JPG


1943: The slinky is invented by Richard James.

1944: Willem Kolff invented the kidney dialysis machine.

1945: The atomic bomb is invented.

1947: Cell phones were first invented.

1948: George de Mestral invented Velcro.

Velcro

http://www.happyfamilylife.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/velcro1.jpg


1951: Super glue is invented.

1952: The hydrogen bomb is built by a team of people that included Edward Teller.

1953: Texas Instruments invented the transistor radio.

1958: The computer modem is invented.

1959: The microchip is co-invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.

The Microchip

http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/69365/evt110101162900098.jpg


1962: The audio cassette is invented.

1962: The first computer video game is invented (Spacewar).

1965: James Russell invented the compact disc.

1966: For cars, electronic fuel injection is invented.

1967: The hand held calculator is invented.

1968: The first computer mouse is invented.

1969: The ATM is invented as well as the bar-code scanner.

http://wiki.ggc.edu/images/6/6d/SpaceWar.jpg


1970: Alan Shugart invented the floppy disk.

1972: The word processor is invented.

1973: Robert Metcalfe & Xerox invented the Ethernet.

1977: Raymond V. Damadian invented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

1979: The walkman was invented.

Word Processor

http://www.cbi.umn.edu/graphics/cpt.jpg


1981: MS-DOS was invented as well as the first IBM-PC.

1982: The human growth hormone was genetically engineered.

1983: Soft bifocal contact lenses are invented.

1984: The CD-ROM is invented. Apple Macintosh is invented.

1985: Microsoft invents the Windows program.

1986: The disposable camera is introduced by Fuji.

1988: Christian Andreas Doppler invents Doppler radar.

1989: High-definition TV is invented.

http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01244/appleimac1984_1244597i.jpg

Apple Macintosh


1990: Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web, Internet protocol, and WWW language.

1991: The digital answering machine was invented.

1993: The Pentium processor was invented.

1995: The Java computer language was invented.

1997: The gas-powered fuel cell was invented.

Digital Answering Machine

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panasonic-Anrufbeantworter.jpg/240px-Panasonic-Anrufbeantworter.jpg

Strand 2: Technology 2000-Present

2002: Ryan Patterson invented the Braille Glove.

2003: Toyota’s Hybrid car hits the market.

2005: Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim invented YouTube.

2009: A retinal implant for the blind was invented.

2011: The world’s smallest ink jet printer was invented.

Braille Glove

http://edu.glogster.com/media/10/42/5/22/42052227.jpg

Reference for slides 6-16

http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/twentieth.htm

http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/ModernInvention.htm





Strand 3: Work 1900-1909 The country was rapidly

growing with the continued influx of people moving here.

The year that showed the biggest growth for immigrants was 1907. By the end of the decade the population of the United States sat at 91,000,000.

1/3 of the people in the U.S. lived in an urban area and because of this agricultural jobs were being systematically replaced by industrial jobs.

http://www.gjenvick.com/images/Immigration/EllisIsland/1907-ArrivingAtEllisIsland-500.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1910-1919 By 1910, 1/3 of the

workers were female although there was a definite division of labor at work.

Only certain occupations were open to women – teaching, retail sales, nursing, & clerical work.

Women were not paid as much as men.

http://www.swindonviewpoint.com/sites/default/files/1-64b%20Station%20Road%20Female%20Workers%20in%20the%20Southern%20Laundry%201910-163.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1920-1929 Many corporations were

now requiring degrees for their workers: they had to go to college or complete training programs.

Many people were getting many things patented – patent attorneys were in high demand.

People made more money. Coupled with the emergence of credit cards, consumer spending sky rocketed.

http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Aap-exhibit/images/PCD600/IMG0060.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1930-1939 America saw a transition in

the type of economy that existed: we went from an industrial to a consumer.

Businessmen had a very small amount of faith in the new economic philosophies that were being developed.

This was also the time of the Great Depression – an economic depression that effected the world. It was the biggest one in existence.

(Click the video to play)

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search#selItemsPerPage=60&intCurrentPage=0&No=0&N=4294939062&Ne=&Ntt=great%2Bdepression&Ns=&Nr=&browseFilter=&indexVersion=&Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%252Bmatchallpartial

Strand 3: Work 1040-1949 The Great Depression ended by the

middle of this decade. America largely profited from the

beginning of World War II in 1939. It helped us climb out of the Great Depression.

America became the largest arms producer in the world because of WWII. This also helped our economy.

The Cold War began in 1947 and lasted for almost 50 years.

During this time, many women were finding themselves needing to work due to the large number of men being sent overseas to the war. The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (started in 1943) is an example of this.

The Cold War (click to play)

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search#selItemsPerPage=60&intCurrentPage=0&No=0&N=4294939062&Ne=&Ntt=cold%2Bwar&Ns=&Nr=&browseFilter=&indexVersion=&Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%252Bmatchallpartial

Strand 3: Work 1950-1959 This was a simple time in

our country. Men were the main breadwinners and women typically stayed home with the family.

Confidence in the business community was high. People felt like there was nothing they couldn’t do.

There were many small businesses and people were supporters of their local businesses rather than large corporate-type stores.

1950s Family

http://www.antiquewireless.org/images/tvearly10081.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1960-1969 The housing and

computer industries became the largest, overpowering chemicals, automobiles, and electrically powered consumer durables.

Automobile companies had higher incomes than all the agriculture companies in the U.S.

The economy was at one of its strongest points. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/

extra/images/jan-june00/economy4.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1970-1979 The emergence of the

Vietnam War hurt the U.S. economy badly.

There was an energy shortage and a large number of people who were unemployed.

Inflation was at an all-time high.

Many of those unemployed were soldiers returning from Vietnam. Women in the workforce also contributed to the high unemployment rate.

This was a terrible time for the U.S. economy.

http://imagecache6.allposters.com/LRG/26/2694/GATUD00Z.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1980-1989 Economic recession was

effecting much of the world.

Capitalism was returning and people were buying things such as European cars and designer clothes.

During this decade, America became a true economic giant. We were trading transpacifically and this helped solidify our status as a world economic power.

http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/moneyfly2.jpg

Strand 3: Work 1990-1999 The internet heavily

influenced this decade. Suddenly, the world was more accessible to more people and this influenced business greatly.

This was a time of prosperity for the U.S.

Personal incomes doubled. Women were finally able to

fully participate in the workforce/education and were thus able to obtain more of a variety of jobs/careers. http://

recruiterpoet.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/rosie1.jpg

Strand 3: Work 2000 to Present A global financial

crisis began in the United States and effected much of the industrialized world.

The United States still maintained the world’s largest economy.

Food and gas prices are at an all-time high in the United States.

Gas Prices

http://www.thewisdomjournal.com/Blog/wp-includes/images/gasprices.jpg

References for slides 18-28 http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468300036

.html

http://www.1920-30.com/business/ http://www.bookrags.com/history/america-1930s-bu

siness-and-the-economy/sub5.html

http://www.enotes.com/1930-business-economy-american-decades

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468301436.html

http://www.ehow.com/info_8214885_business-jobs-1950s.html

http://elcoushistory.tripod.com/economics1960.html




http://www.1920-30.com/business/

http://www.1920-30.com/business/

http://www.bookrags.com/history/america-1930s-business-and-the-economy/sub5.html












Strand 4: Educational Theories: Cognitivism

Cognitivism came to the United States in the 1920s.

This theory rests heavily on the need for teachers to help activate schema and create new learning.

It believes that students must think about information to learn.

Learning happens in the brain. It is an internal process.

Teachers must provide scaffolding to help build background knowledge.

http://www.leerbeleving.nl/wbts/1/brain.jpg

Strand 4: Educational Theories: Behaviorism

Developed by B.F. Skinner. It began to make an impact in the 1960’s.

This theory has three basic concepts: Learning happens when a change in behavior happens, the environment helps shape behavior, and timing and reinforcement help explain the learning process.

Conditioning changes behavior. There are two types: Classical and Operant.

B.F. Skinner

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg/220px-B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg

Strand 4: Educational Theories: Behaviorism (continued)

Classical Conditioning: desired behavior is made a reflex response to some sort of a provocation.

Operant Conditioning: behavior is reinforced with either a reward or a punishment.

Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning

http://0.tqn.com/d/psychology/1/G/y/3/Ivan-Pavlov.gif

Strand 4: Educational Theories: Constructivism

This theory became a big deal in the late 1980s.

Learning is “constructed” using the learner’s background knowledge. The learner creates new ideas/concepts.

Learning is personal. It happens within the learner and is not necessarily influenced by outside sources. It comes from ideas that have been internalized.

It is a free exploration of ideas within a structure.

Montessori schools draw from this theory.http://www.montessori.org/

newjoomfiles/ConferenceLogoSmall.jpg

References for slides 30-33

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_theory_(education)

Strand 5: Society & Culture 1900-1909

President McKinley is assassinated in 1901.

The Wright Brothers are successful in making the first flight in 1903.

The Model-T is introduced by Ford in 1908.

Plastic is invented in 1909.

The Model-T (click to play)

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search#selItemsPerPage=60&intCurrentPage=0&No=0&N=4294939062&Ne=&Ntt=model-t&Ns=&Nr=&browseFilter=&indexVersion=&Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%252Bmatchallpartial


Halley’s Comet is spotted in 1910.

The Titanic sinks in 1912.

World War I begins in 1914.

By 1919, World War I ends with the Treaty of Versailles.

The Titanic

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/RMS_Titanic_3.jpg/300px-RMS_Titanic_3.jpg


The period of prohibition begins in 1920.

A woman swam the English Channel in 1926.

Babe Ruth hits a record number of home-runs by 1927.

The Stock Market crashes in 1929. http://

www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/ProhibitionPoster.jpg


Gandhi holds his Salt March in 1930.

The Empire State Building construction is finished in 1931.

The first Nazi concentration camp is created in 1933.

In 1933 the Dust Bowl caused severe soil erosion in parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and northern Texas.

World War II begins in 1939.

Gandhi and the Salt March

http://winners.virtualclassroom.org/0501/rights/gandhi/saltmarch.jpg


Construction of Mount Rushmore is completed in 1941.

Allies land in France on D Day on June 6, 1944.

Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in 1945.

The United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki.

Hitler commits suicide on April 30, 1945.

Mount Rushmore

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Mount_Rushmore_National_Memorial.jpg


The hydrogen bomb is constructed under orders from President Truman in 1950.

World War II is officially ended when President Truman signs a peace treaty with Japan in 1951.

The polio vaccine is created in 1952.

In 1954, segregation is ruled illegal in the United States.

The Cat in the Hat is published by Dr. Seuss in 1957. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/thumb/b/b8/Polio_vaccine_poster.jpg/220px-Polio_vaccine_poster.jpg


In 1960 the first presidential debates are aired on television.

An attempt by the United States to invade Cuba (using exiled Cubans) is unsuccessful in 1961.

On August 5, 1962 Marilyn Monroe is found dead.

The Civil Rights Act is passed on February 10, 1964.

On April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated.

http://library.thinkquest.org/11046/days/cuba_map.jpg


The Beatles break up in 1970.

Abortion is legalized in the United States in 1973.

On March 29, 1973, the United States pulls out of Vietnam.

President Nixon resigns the presidency in 1974.

Elvis is found dead on August 16, 1977.

Elvis Presley

http://assets.rollingstone.com/assets/images/artists/304x304/elvis-presley.jpg


On March 30, 1981, someone tries to assassinate President Reagan.

On November 30, 1982, Michael Jackson releases Thriller.

A hole in the ozone layer is discovered in 1985.

In 1986, the Challenger Space Shuttle explodes.

On November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall falls.

Michael Jackson’s Thriller

http://www.geardiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Michael-Jackson-Thriller.jpg


The Hubble Telescope was launched in to space on April 24, 1990.

The Cold War officially ends in 1992.

Princess Diana dies on August 31, 1994.

Columbine High School is the victim of the Columbine Shootings in which 13 people died at the hands of two students on April 20, 1999.

Princess Diana

http://gossipextra.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Princess-Diana-50th-Birthday1.jpg

Strand 5: Society & Culture 2000-Present

On September 11, 2001, planes crash into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, killing almost 3,000 people.

Space Shuttle Columbia blows up on reentry and all 7 astronauts on board are killed on February 1, 2003.

The Iraq war officially begins when the United states bombs Baghdad on March 19, 2003.

Barack Obama becomes the first non-white president of the United States on November 4, 2008.

Osama bin Laden is found and killed on May 2, 2011 by Unites States troops.

The crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia

http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/StarChild/space_level1/columbia_crew.jpg

References for slides 35-45

http://history1900s.about.com/od/timelines/tp/1900timeline.htm

http://americasbesthistory.com/abhtimeline2000.html








Strand 6: Religion in Schools 1900

Evolution becomes part of the public high school curriculum. There are more students going to high school so more students are learning this idea.

By 1905, evolution is being challenged and pitted heavily against fundamentalist beliefs.

http://media.smithsonianmag.com/images/consequences-of-evolution-631.jpg

Strand 6: Religion in Schools 1910 - 1960

Evolution continues to be challenged by religion. A further delineation of the religious point of view and the evolutionist point of view become apparent.

In 1923 in Oklahoma, the first anti-evolution bill is passed. It bans the teaching of Darwin’s theories of creation.

Legal battles continue over the types of teaching that can take place in schools.

http://3dchristianity.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/creationevolution.png

Strand 6: Religion in Schools 1960s

In 1962 through 1963, the Supreme Court bans prayer in school. This didn’t stop it from happening in areas where there was a large conservative Christian population.

Laws against teaching evolution are ruled unconstitutional. Religion continues to fight against the removal of God in schools.http://mitchellarchives.com/wp-content/

uploads/2008/10/religion-in-school-headline.jpg

Strand 6: Religion in Schools 1970-1989

Equal Time Bills become popular. Creationists created this idea that equal time should be spent teaching the evolution and creation sciences.

Many people were against this. They said that biblical teachings had no place in public school science classrooms.

In 1987, the Supreme Court overturns the equal time bill. This was not the end of the fight.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png

Strand 6: Religion in Schools 1990s

Religion reaches into the content of science textbooks. In some southern states, textbook publishers are required to add a disclaimer to inform students that the content of the book is not meant to influence their belief in God and creationism.

In 1999, Kansas stops teaching evolution. Other scientific ideas that are dropped are the Big Bang and anything that assumes that the world is billions of years old.

Also in 1999, the Columbine Shootings are blamed on the removal of God from public schools.

http://kansasfreeland.com/images/Kansas_flag.gif

Strand 6: Religion in Schools 2000s and Beyond

In February of 2001, a newly elected school board overturns the Kansas’s previous decision to eliminate non-religiously rooted ideas from the science curriculum.

In the 2000s, the United States remains split over the evolution vs. creationism debate. Discussion is still happening on religion’s role in the public school setting.

http://nwcreation.net/images/weighingcreation.jpg

Reference for slides 47-52

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/1990.html




Documents

Erin Brinkerhoff