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Erikson’s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development
Oral-Sensory
Age: Birth to 12 – 18 Months
Basic Conflict: Trust vs Mistrust
Important Event: FeedingSummary: The infant must
form a first loving trusting relationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust.
Muscular-Anal
Age: 18 months to 3 yearsBasic Conflict: Autonomy vs
Shame/DoubtImportant Event: Toilet trainingSummary: The child’s energies
are directed toward the development of physical skills, including walking grasping, and rectal sphincter control. The child learns to control but may develop shame and doubt if not handled well.
Locomotor
Age: 3 to 6 yearsBasic Conflict: Initiative vs
GuiltImportant Event:
IndependenceSummary: The child
continues to become more assertive and to take more initiative, but may be too forceful, leading to guilt feelings.
Latency
Age: 6 to 12 yearsBasic Conflict: Industry vs
InferiorityImportant Event: SchoolSummary: The child must
deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority, failure and incompetence.
Adolescence
Age: 12-18 yearsBasic Conflict: Identity vs
Identity ConfusionImportant Event: Peer
relationshipSummary: The teenager
must achieve a sense of identity in occupation, sex roles, politics and religion.
Young Adulthood
Age: 19-40Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs
IsolationImportant Event: Love
relationshipsSummary: The young
adult must develop intimate relationships or suffer feelings of isolation.
Middle Adulthood
Age: 40 to 65 yearBasic Conflict:
Generativity vs Stagnation
Important Event: Parenting
Summary: each adult must find some way to satisfy and support the next generation
Maturity
Age: 65 to deathBasic Conflict: Integrity vs
DespairImportant Event:
Reflection on and acceptance of one’s life
Summary: The culmination is a sense of oneself as one is and of feeling fulfilled.