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Ontwikkeling van slimme materialen voor de offshore industrie
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Ontwikkeling van slimme materialen voor de offshore industrie
S. Erik OffermanS. Erik Offerman
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
19 September 2013
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Materials 2013
3 billion more middle-class consumers in next 20 years
Energy
Materials
Food
19 September 2013 2
Driving up demand for a range of different resources Source: McKinsey report – Resource revolution (November 2011)
Food
Water
Challenge: linkages
Solving one problem enhances the other problemDo it smart => Offshore?
19 September 2013 3
Source: Ester van der Voet et al. (2010), Leiden University
Do it smart => Offshore?
Offshore resources of interest
• Oil & gas
• Wind
• Minerals• Minerals(mining)
Bron: Shell
Trends offshore industry
• Further away
• Deeper
• Higher pressure• Higher pressure
• Hotter gasses/oil
• Harsher environments: Colder/Arctic environment
Trends offshore industry (cont.)
• Safer
Activities offshore industry
• Lifting
• Drilling
• Pipe laying• Pipe laying
• Construction
• Dredging
All Sea’s Pieter Schelte
Material requirements
• Strong
• Ductile
• Though
• Affordable
• Available
• Weldable/joinable
Material requirements continued
Resistance to:
• Corrosion
• Fatigue
• Wear• Wear
• Low temperature
• High Pressure
Material requirements continued
Design criterion
Steel strong enough
Steel too weak
Resistance to: High temperature
Steel too weak
Critical temperature
Microstructure <-> Mechanical Prop.
19 September 2013 11
M. Militzer, Science 298 (2002) 975.
50 µm
Microstructure
• Chemical elements
• Phases
• Precipitates
19 September 2013 12
• Grain size
• Solid solution
• Dislocation networksS.E. Offerman, 305 Science (2004) 190.
Microstructure Engineering
Design and production of microstuctures via
thermodynamic and kinetic simulations and
experimental validation
19 September 2013 13
experimental validation
Austenite/ferrite transformation steel
M. Militzer et al., Acta Materialia 54 3961 (2006)
19 September 2013 14
3D phase field simulation
M. Militzer et al., Acta Materialia 54 3961 (2006)
Ferrite growth
19 September 2013 15
Hendrik Strandlund, KTH, Sweden
Carbon concentration
19 September 2013 16
Hendrik Strandlund, KTH, Sweden
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaImproving fire-resistance steel
Gözde Dere et al.Scripta materialia (2013) 651.
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaMicrostructure 4 steel specimens
Without NbFast cooling
With NbSlow cooling
With NbIntermediateCooling rate
With NbFast cooling
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaMany low-angle grain boundaries for Nb & fast cooling
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaCompression test during heating
Strain
Strain
Temperature (°C)
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaNb: +90°C & GB: +45°C
• Exact specimen temperature measurement
by welding a thermocouple to the specimen.
• Low interaction with X-rays.
In-situ characterization of microstructures in steel
Hemant Sharma et al.Acta Mater. (2012)
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
22
3D X-Ray Diffraction Microscope
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
Beam line ID11 @ European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Developed by DTU & ESRF
Intensity →Volume
3DXRD
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
, ,spots grain grain grain
Position Orientation position strain→
Intensity
spots→Volume
grains
24
φ
φ
Φ1
2
y
Non-destructive characterization of 2281 grains
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
25
(a) (b)
x
y
Modes of grain growth during fire
Mode No. Volume Rotation Mosaicity
I + + +
II + = +
III - + -
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
26
IV - = -
V = + +
VI = + =
VII = = =
• Offshore industry is breaking fresh ground
• Novel materials are needed to enable innovation in the offshore industry
• Fundamental materials research opens the path to
Conclusions
19 September 2013 27
27
• Fundamental materials research opens the path to material innovation
TUD:Gozde Dere, Hemant Sharma, Richard Huizenga, Roumen Petrov, Jilt Sietsma, Pina Mecozzi,
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: Jon Wright, Alexei Bytchkov
Acknowledgement
19 September 2013 28
28
Funding: STW
Support: Tata Steel, Ovako Wire B.V., and SKF