Ergonomics Tutorial

8/9/2019 Ergonomics Tutorial

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HOMEHOMECopyright EASE Inc Tutorials 1986-2002

Basic IndustrialBasic IndustrialErgonomicsErgonomics

Basic IndustrialBasic IndustrialErgonomicsErgonomics

An EASEworks Manufacturing TutorialAn EASEworks Manufacturing TutorialAn EASEworks Manufacturing TutorialAn EASEworks Manufacturing Tutorial

STARTSTART


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Scope of this TutorialScope of this TutorialScope of this TutorialScope of this Tutorial

This tutorial will give Industrial and Manufacturing Engineers

an understanding of the basic concepts of ergonomics,

known risk factors, methods of analyzing tasks, and

suggested ways of reducing risk in an industrial or

warehousing environment.

Ergonomics is an inexact science and the results of some

method analyses can be open to interpretation. However a

little common sensegoes a long way.


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ContentsContentsContentsContents

What is Ergonomics

Understanding Ergonomic Risk

Analyzing & Recognizing Ergonomic Problems

Reducing the Risk

Work Station & Tool Check Lists

New Product Design

EASE Contact Information


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What is Ergonomics?What is Ergonomics?What is Ergonomics?What is Ergonomics?

A study of the relation between people and

their work environment.

Is used to prevent injuries and illnessesassociated with the design of physical work.

Is used to increase employee safety and

comfort and to optimize work performance

and quality.


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The term ergonomics comes from the Greek

words ergon (work) and nomos (law).

Too often ergonomics is only applied because of

the Law.

Ergonomics should be seen as a win/win

opportunity to improve productivity and quality

while increasing employee safety and morale.


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Reactive Ergonomics is where you respond to a

work place complaint or injury.

Reactive Ergonomics is where you respond to a work place complaint orinjury.

Proactive Ergonomics is where you analyze a proposed task at design timeto prevent an injury.

A real world ergonomics program should include both analyses. But due toconstraints of time and staffing not every task can or indeed needs to be

analyzed.

Good work station & tool design will prevent a lot of problems whatever thetask.


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Stretching to reach

Repeated heavy lifting

High pinch forces

Handling objects that are sharp, very hot, or very cold.

Working with hands above shoulders

Long periods of work without a change in body posture.

Examples of work requirements that can cause discomfort, fatigue,

injury, and illness are:



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Is to make the work fit the operator, not

make the operator fit the work.

The Goal of ErgonomicsThe Goal of ErgonomicsThe Goal of ErgonomicsThe Goal of Ergonomics



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Fatigue

Pain

Illness sprains, back ache, etc

Low morale

Frustration & Irritation

Poor Quality

Absenteeism

Higher costs

Higher employee turnover &

training

Effects on the OperatorEffects on the OperatorEffects on the OperatorEffects on the Operator Effects on the CompanyEffects on the CompanyEffects on the CompanyEffects on the Company

And why do we need it?And why do we need it?And why do we need it?And why do we need it?



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Higher productivity

Higher Quality

Reduced operator injury Increased morale

Greater job satisfaction

Lower medical & insurance costs

Reduced lost time

Lower absenteeism

Less employee turnover

And what is the benefit?And what is the benefit?And what is the benefit?And what is the benefit?



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Understanding Ergonomic RiskUnderstanding Ergonomic RiskUnderstanding Ergonomic RiskUnderstanding Ergonomic Risk

Physical Activity

Fatigue

Physical Exertion

Fatigue & Recovery

Overexertion & Cumulative Trauma

Body Type


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It is important to note that occasional exposure to a risk factor is not usually

harmful.

Significant exposure to a risk factor may be harmful to sections of the

population.

You cant specify the physique, age, sex of the operator.

Ergonomic analysis tools are going to be based on 95% of the working

population being able to do the work.


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Our bodies use energy from the

food we eat to meet two kinds of

physical demands.

Internal demands are the

processes which maintain life and

growth within our bodies.

External demands are the physical

activities which we perform during

our waking hours

Internal:Internal: Cell Growth: Digestion:

Circulation: Respiration etc.

External:External: Walking: Lifting:

Standing: Exercising: etc

How the Body uses EnergyHow the Body uses EnergyHow the Body uses EnergyHow the Body uses EnergyPhysical ActivityPhysical ActivityPhysical ActivityPhysical Activity


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If activities exceed our personal limits of stamina or strength (and

this varies from person to person), then two kinds of fatigue may

result

Localized fatigue:- effects the particular part of the body that is

working, for example the arms.

Whole body fatigue occurs when several body parts are over

exerted.

FatigueFatigueFatigueFatigue


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Is either dynamic or static.

Dynamic exertion is where there is visible movement of the body.

Static exertion is where the body or part of the body is held in place.

Static exertion is often more tiring because the muscles have no

chance to recover.


Physical ExertionPhysical ExertionPhysical ExertionPhysical Exertion


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The amount of force you use in an exertion and the length of the

exertion both effect how soon and how much fatigue will set in.

Localized fatigue is best relieved by changing activities to rest working

muscle groups or by resting the working limb.

Whole body fatigue is best reduced by reducing the level of body activity

or by resting the body.


Fatigue and RecoveryFatigue and RecoveryFatigue and RecoveryFatigue and Recovery


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If an operator works in an activity that exceeds their strength or stamina,

then overexertion injuries and cumulative trauma injuries are possible.

Overexertion can cause immediate injuries to muscles, tendons and

ligaments. Such as sprains, strains and tears.

Cumulative Trauma injuries are of the wear and tear type and include

damage to hands, wrists, shoulders, elbow and some back disorders


OverexertionOverexertionOverexertionOverexertion


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Stamina

Strength

Height

Weight

The working population varies in age, sex, health and size.

In most western countries you cant specify the age, sex, fitness or size

of the operator.

Proportions

Vision

Hearing



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Frequent Hand Use

Arms Extended

Bending & Twisting

Static Body Posture

Using Force

Vibration

Contact Stress

Temperature

Noise Fatigue


Risk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk Factors


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Copyright EASE Inc Tutorials 1986-2002

Risk Activities may occur at work, and may occur at home. Consider the

body posture, force requirement and hand grip when bowling or hanging

washing on a line.

When walking a factory, you can often tell the physically demanding tasks

by the operators performing them. Big, buff, men! But consider who will

get the blame (and cost) for operator injury if Big Bill hurt his back at

home, and now has to do his physically demanding tasks?

The work has to fit the operator, not the operator the work!

Things to considerThings to considerThings to considerThings to consider



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Tasks often have multiple Risk Factors

To analyze the task, multiple assessments have to be done to cover

Force, Repetition, Posture, Fatigue

The task time is important. If risk is found, any proposed solutions

must take into account manufacturing cycle time requirements, and of

course

COSTCOST.

Things to considerThings to considerThings to considerThings to consider



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Analyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing Tasks

Posture

Force

Repetition

We need to know how much force is involved for each body posture, how

often is it repeated, for how long is it held, how often is the total taskrepeated and for how long the task is worked.

Ergonomic Analysis MethodsErgonomic Analysis MethodsErgonomic Analysis MethodsErgonomic Analysis Methods

Fatigue & Recovery

Employee Survey

Recognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing Problems


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Analyzing a video of the task

is the best way to make

ergonomic analyses of a task




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Since you obviously cant assemble

anything without the use of hands and

fingers we have to be concerned with

the position of the hands, the type of

grip forces involved, vibration,

pressure, temperature and the

number of repetitions.

PosturePosture -- Constant Use ofHands and FingersConstant Use ofHands and FingersPosturePosture -- Constant Use ofHands and FingersConstant Use ofHands and Fingers

Recognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing Tasks


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Pronation thumb down, turning the

wrist over 45 degrees

Supination thumb out, palm up.

Turning the hand palm up over 20

degrees

Ulnar Deviation twisting hand

outwards over 15 degrees

Exceeding these angles may cause

problems when used in conjunction with

high repetition and/or force.

PosturePosture -- Constant Use ofH

ands andF

ingersConstant Use ofH

ands andF

ingersPosturePosture -- Constant Use ofH

ands andF

ingersConstant Use ofH

ands andF

ingers



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Radial Deviation twisting the

hand inwards over 10 degrees

Flexation bending hand forward

over 45 degrees

Extension raising hand

backward over 40 degrees




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Keep the hand in a neutral posture.

Minimize forces required to operate.

Minimize vibration

Have padded handles

Tool design is crucial. Tools need

to be designed to:




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A wrap or power grip is best.

Pinch forces over 7lbs can cause

injury.

Hook and contact grasps expose the

operator to the potential of contact

stress with sharp, or hard objects.

Using the hand(or any body part) tostrike objects obviously isnt

recommended, but you do see it, as an

operator slaps something into place.





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Twisting or Bending of the Wrists effects the median nerve

passing through the carpal tunnel which can lead to carpal tunnel

syndrome.

Repetitive Hand & Wrist Motions effects the tendons passingthrough the carpal tunnel which can lead to

tendinitis/tenosynovitis.

Vibration effects the blood vessels in the fingers which can lead

to Raynauds Phenomenon.

Pinch grips can lead to contact stress and overexertion of the

hands.





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Arms Extended

Working with the arms above

the shoulder can lead to the

compression and entrapment of

nerve in the shoulder. It also

causes fatigue to the muscles of

the shoulder and arm.

Arms Extended

Working with the arms above

the shoulder can lead to the

compression and entrapment of

nerve in the shoulder. It also

causes fatigue to the muscles of

the shoulder and arm.


Arms and ShouldersArms and ShouldersArms and ShouldersArms and Shoulders



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ARM AND SHOULDER

Working with the elbows

abducted at an angle of 25

degrees or more can lead to

the compression and

entrapment of nerves in the

shoulder. It is also causes

fatigue to the muscles of the

shoulder and arm.

ARM AND SHOULDER

Working with the elbows

abducted at an angle of 25

degrees or more can lead to

the compression and

entrapment of nerves in the

shoulder. It is also causes

fatigue to the muscles of the

shoulder and arm.





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Horizontal reach over 25 inches

(62.5cm) is greater than thereach of 5% of the female

population without bending. A

vertical reach of over 70

inches(175cm) is above the

reach of 5% of the female

population

The longer the reach, the

greater effect of any weight

involved. The more off center

the reach, the greater effect of

any weight involved.

Horizontal reach over 25 inches

(62.5cm) is greater than thereach of 5% of the female

population without bending. A

vertical reach of over 70

inches(175cm) is above the

reach of 5% of the female

population

The longer the reach, the

greater effect of any weight

involved. The more off center

the reach, the greater effect of

any weight involved.





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The best position for

assembly work is with the

arms to the front, elbowsclose to the body, at a

vertical height between the

operators chest and thigh.

Moving the arm across the

midline of the body should

be avoided.

The best position for

assembly work is with the

arms to the front, elbowsclose to the body, at a

vertical height between the

operators chest and thigh.

Moving the arm across the

midline of the body should

be avoided.

Analyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing Tasks Recognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing Problems



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The lower the reach, the greater effect of any weight involved.

The more off center the reach, the greater effect of any weight involved.


Bending and TwistingBending and TwistingBending and TwistingBending and Twisting


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In general twisting, bending

and leaning of the torso should

be avoided. Repetition with

weight in a poor body posture

may cause injury in asignificant percentage of the

population.

In general twisting, bending

and leaning of the torso should

be avoided. Repetition with

weight in a poor body posture

may cause injury in asignificant percentage of the

population.

The risk angles are

leaning more than 5

degrees, twisting more

than 15, and bending

more than 60.

The risk angles are

leaning more than 5

degrees, twisting more

than 15, and bending

more than 60.




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Bending & Twisting alsoapplies to the neck.

In general neck side bendingor held in a twisted positionis to be avoided.

Bending & Twisting alsoapplies to the neck.

In general neck side bendingor held in a twisted positionis to be avoided.

Bending the neck back

further than 5 degrees or

forward further than 20

should also be avoided

Bending the neck back

further than 5 degrees or

forward further than 20

should also be avoided

Use of head protection such as awelding mask needs to be accounted for

in any fatigue assessment

Use of head protection such as awelding mask needs to be accounted for

in any fatigue assessment




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The operator needs to

be in a balancedposture.

The effects of repetition

and force will be

increased detrimentally

due to poor posture!

The operator needs to

be in a balancedposture.

The effects of repetition

and force will be

increased detrimentally

due to poor posture!


PosturePosturePosturePosture


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Methods that analyze body posture include:-


PosturePosturePosturePosture

RULA Rapid Upper Limb Assessment.

REBA Rapid Entire Body Assessment. NIOSH 91 Takes Body Posture into Account.

There are other methodologies. The screens shown earlier are based on

RULA.

NoteNote: This tutorial does not explain how to use RULA.


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PosturePosturePosturePosture.

The task shown here

has two RULA actionlevel 4s, meaning that

an immediate change

in method is suggested

The task shown here

has two RULA actionlevel 4s, meaning that

an immediate change

in method is suggested


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Lifting

Pushing Pulling

Carrying

Pinch Force

Holding in place

Analyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing Tasks Recognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsF

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The most frequently

used lifting analysis in

the USA is the NIOSH91guide.

This has a maximum

weight of 51 lbs (23kg)

It mainly uses weight

and body posture to

determine a lifting indexfor the 5% female.

This screen shows inputfor NIOSH91, as well as

for the Alpha analysis

This screen shows inputfor NIOSH91, as well as

for the Alpha analysis


LiftingLiftingLiftingLifting


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An index of 1 or less is

ideal, but may be

unrealistic. What % ofyour workforce are 5%

female

Some companies are

OK with a 2 or below

This screen shows the

results of a NIOSH91analysis of a given lift


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Whilst NIOSH91

focuses on the entire

body, the analysis

shown here gives

results for strength,

fatigue and recovery

by back, shoulder,

elbow and hand.

A 4 means that 95%

of the working

population cant do

the task without risk of

injury.


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By using the tools

available you can

see areas of concern

Rule of thumb as

you increase theweight of a lift (50 lb

max) the more

neutral you must

keep the body

posture.


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Space constraints

Available rest between lifts

Capability of the employee

skill in handling loads

past injuries

Note:Note: The affectivity of safe lifting techniques has been questioned. Proper

lifting is not a substitute for a well engineered work place. Loads that can be

lifted by the legs from a squat can exceed the capacity of the lower back.

Other variables that can effect the degree of difficulty in lifting loads safely

are:

Size (bulk) of load

Floor/shoe traction

Stability of load

Adequacy of grip

Distance to carry


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Pushing is better than pulling

(less strain on back).

Pushing can be split into whole

body or arms only.

Suggested standing force limits

are 50lbf using 2 hands.

A 2 wheel manual cart should

not be loaded with >250lb or

114 kg. 3 or 4 wheel manual cart

should not be loaded with

>500lb or 228kg

Pushing can be split

into whole body or

arms only

Suggested force limits

are 24lbf using 2

hands.

PushingPushingPushingPushing PullingPullingPullingPulling


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Pinch forces of over

2lbs (1 kilo) are

generally considered to

have injury potential

Carrying loads greater

than 50 lbs is to be

avoided.

The load should be kept

close and near waist

level

The load should have

handles

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Pinch ForcesPinch ForcesPinch ForcesPinch Forces CarryingCarryingCarryingCarrying


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Holding a force in place isvery fatiguing as the muscles

dont get to rest and recover

Hold in PlaceHold in PlaceHold in PlaceHold in Place


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Causing fatigue if

insufficient recovery time Compounding the effects

of force

Compounding the effects

of poor body posture

A no significant weight assembly task where all

parts are under a pound canstill have risk if the repetitions are high

enough.

In tasks with a less than 30 second cycle

time, more than 1500-2000 similar hand

motions per hour can lead to injury

RepetitionRepetitionRepetitionRepetitionAffects by:


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Localized fatigue can be analyzed

as we have seen with tools like the

Alpha analysis. Whole body fatigue

can be analyzed by using a Kilo

Calorie Analysis or an industrial

engineering tool such as a PF&D

(Personal Fatigue & Delay) analysis

Localized fatigue can be analyzed

as we have seen with tools like the

Alpha analysis. Whole body fatigue

can be analyzed by using a Kilo

Calorie Analysis or an industrial

engineering tool such as a PF&D

(Personal Fatigue & Delay) analysis


atigue and RecoveryF



atigue and Recovery


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Dont ignore the operator. Not only will

they tell you where a task causes

discomfort, but often they have

thought of ways of alleviating it.

Dont ignore the operator. Not only will

they tell you where a task causes

discomfort, but often they have

thought of ways of alleviating it.

Analyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing TasksAnalyzing Tasks Recognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsRecognizing ProblemsEmployee SurveyEmployee SurveyEmployee SurveyEmployee Survey


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Employee SurveyEmployee SurveyEmployee SurveyEmployee Survey

Compare the results of

your ergonomic analyses

with the survey.

Compare the results of

your ergonomic analyses

with the survey.



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Design each work station follow a checklist

Use ergonomically designed tools follow a checklist

Have work instructions and ensure the operator follows them

Do an analysis of the task

The BasicsThe BasicsThe BasicsThe Basics

Reducing the RiskReducing the RiskReducing the RiskReducing the Risk


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Constant use of hands & fingers rotate to jobs where hand use is

lower.

Arms extended & unsupported alter the design of the work station

to bring the work closer. Dont work above shoulders, dont require

elbow abduction (elbows up).

Bending & Twisting reposition the objects to the front of the worker

at an appropriate height

Using significant force reduce the weight of the load if possible,keep the body in neutral postures, use assisted lifts, reduce pinch

forces, use power grips, minimize lift distance.



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Static body posture alternate between standing and sitting, restone foot on a support while standing

Vibration isolate body from vibration source, rotate to nonvibrating job, use better designed tools

Contact Stress cushion exposed body parts (eg gloves), pad hardor sharp objects, round or smooth rough edges

Heat/cold limit exposure to temperature extremes, provideheating/cooling systems, provide protective clothing

Noise use hearing protection, reduce exposure to high noiselevels.



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Lifting provide handles, allow large containers to tilt or havecollapsible sides, raise tote bins to appropriate height

Holding in place provide clamps or fixtures



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Can you cost justify it?

Have you made productivity improvements?

Is the new cycle time better or worse?

Is that acceptable?

But is management going to buy off on it?But is management going to buy off on it?But is management going to buy off on it?But is management going to buy off on it?



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This solution using alifting arm while greatly

reducing the risk has

added 8 seconds to

the cycle time

Does it matter?

This solution using alifting arm while greatly

reducing the risk has

added 8 seconds to

the cycle time

Does it matter?



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Work Station & Tool Check ListsWork Station & Tool Check ListsWork Station & Tool Check ListsWork Station & Tool Check Lists

The use of work station and tool design check lists will go a long way inalleviating ergonomic problems.

If your answers are negative, fix them if possible


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Does the work spaceaccommodate the smallestemployee reach to the largestemployee clearance?

(No=Bad) Are work surfaces and chairs

adjustable? (No=Bad)

Does the work keep theoperator immobile? (Yes=Bad)

Requires handling of largebulky materials regardless of

weight? (Yes=Bad) Is the floor slippery?

(Yes=Bad)

Is matting provided? (No=Bad)

Does the work spaceaccommodate the smallestemployee reach to the largestemployee clearance?

(No=Bad) Are work surfaces and chairs

adjustable? (No=Bad)

Does the work keep theoperator immobile? (Yes=Bad)

Requires handling of largebulky materials regardless of

weight? (Yes=Bad) Is the floor slippery?

(Yes=Bad)

Is matting provided? (No=Bad)



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Does the work require eye

focus at differing

distances? (yes=bad)

Is lighting adequate?

(no=bad)

Are noise levels less than

85 dbA for ambient and

less than 140 dbA forimpact? (no=bad)

Is humidity in the range 20

to 85? (no=bad)

Is temperature in the range

of66-79F for light work,

64-74F for medium and

60-68F for heavy?(no=bad)

Does the work require eye

focus at differing

distances? (yes=bad)

Is lighting adequate?

(no=bad)

Are noise levels less than

85 dbA for ambient and

less than 140 dbA forimpact? (no=bad)

Is humidity in the range 20

to 85? (no=bad)

Is temperature in the range

of66-79F for light work,

64-74F for medium and

60-68F for heavy?(no=bad)


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Are there peak loadsof muscular effort?(yes=bad)

Frequent or extreme

lifting requirements?(yes=bad)

Excessive pushing,pulling or carrying?(yes=bad)

Is material manuallymoved over long

distances? (yes=bad) Are there extended

reaches? (yes=bad)

Are there peak loadsof muscular effort?(yes=bad)

Frequent or extreme

lifting requirements?(yes=bad)

Excessive pushing,pulling or carrying?(yes=bad)

Is material manuallymoved over long

distances? (yes=bad) Are there extended

reaches? (yes=bad)


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Could loads be reduced

by using more frequent,

lighter loads?

Can Lifting Aids beused?

Can the lifting be

replaced by sliding?

Are hand holds or

handles available?

(No=Bad)

Does the job exceed the

capabilities of most

employees? (Yes=Bad)

Could loads be reduced

by using more frequent,

lighter loads?

Can Lifting Aids beused?

Can the lifting be

replaced by sliding?

Are hand holds or

handles available?

(No=Bad)

Does the job exceed the

capabilities of most

employees? (Yes=Bad)


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Is the operator working with

the neck bent further than 15-

20 degrees? (Yes=Bad)

Are the wrists bent or flexed?

(Yes=Bad)

Are there twisting motions ofthe wrist? (Yes=Bad)

Are the arms outstretched?

(Yes=Bad)

Is the work required above

the shoulder? (Yes=Bad)

Are most reaches to the front

of the operator? (No=Bad)

Is the operator working with

the neck bent further than 15-

20 degrees? (Yes=Bad)

Are the wrists bent or flexed?

(Yes=Bad)

Are there twisting motions ofthe wrist? (Yes=Bad)

Are the arms outstretched?

(Yes=Bad)

Is the work required above

the shoulder? (Yes=Bad)

Are most reaches to the front

of the operator? (No=Bad)


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Work Station & Tool Check ListsWork Station & Tool Check ListsWork Station & Tool Check ListsWork Station & Tool Check Lists Is the body leaning

forward? (Yes=Bad)

Is there excessive twisting

or stretching? (Yes=Bad)

What are the cycle time

requirements of the task?

Is this a high volume task?

Is the operator sweating?

Having problems keepingup? (Yes=Bad)

Would you like to do this

task? Every day? (No=Bad)

Could you do this task?

Every day? (No=Bad)

Is the body leaning

forward? (Yes=Bad)

Is there excessive twisting

or stretching? (Yes=Bad)

What are the cycle time

requirements of the task?

Is this a high volume task?

Is the operator sweating?

Having problems keepingup? (Yes=Bad)

Would you like to do this

task? Every day? (No=Bad)

Could you do this task?

Every day? (No=Bad)


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Is this the right tool for thetask? (no=bad)

Has wrist flexing beeneliminated? (no=bad)

Can the tool be used in eitherhand? (no=bad)

Are operators elbows close tothe body? (no=bad)

Are dual handles 120 degreesapart? (no=bad)

Does it permit a full grasp?(no=bad)

Is the handle long enough?(no=bad)

Is it easy to hold? (no=bad)

Is this the right tool for thetask? (no=bad)

Has wrist flexing beeneliminated? (no=bad)

Can the tool be used in eitherhand? (no=bad)

Are operators elbows close tothe body? (no=bad)

Are dual handles 120 degreesapart? (no=bad)

Does it permit a full grasp?(no=bad)

Is the handle long enough?(no=bad)

Is it easy to hold? (no=bad)



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Is the handle oval shaped?(no=bad)

Does it have plastic on it ?(no=bad)

Are all the fingers used to triggerit? (no=bad)

If not, is the thumb? (no=bad)

Is it easy to trigger? (no=bad)

Has vibration been minimized?(no=bad)

Is the handle oval shaped?(no=bad)

Does it have plastic on it ?(no=bad)

Are all the fingers used to triggerit? (no=bad)

If not, is the thumb? (no=bad)

Is it easy to trigger? (no=bad)

Has vibration been minimized?(no=bad)

Tool DesignTool DesignTool DesignTool Design


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New Product DesignNew Product DesignNew Product DesignNew Product Design

New products should not be designed solely for function, but also for

assembly.

Part of DFA (Design for Assembly) is accounting for ergonomics.

EASE, Inc has integrated software modules that reflect this belief.


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New products are designed in a DFA module that uses standard touch

labor data as part of the process.

When a beta design is ready, it can be transferred to a routing system,

standards in place by operation for the addition of material handling

data (where parts are in relation to the work station & operator, that

may not be known at design time) and input of manufacturing

engineers.


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The process plan is then transferred to line balancing to ensure that

different production schedules can be met.

Each station for a new process, should have an ergonomic review done

proactively.

If problems surface at this stage, the beta design can be sent back for

revision.

Once the design is acceptable, work instructions can be added to the

routing, and we are ready for production.



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Thank you for viewing this tutorial.Thank you for viewing this tutorial.

For further information about EASEFor further information about EASEInc, our clients, consulting services,Inc, our clients, consulting services,

software products and softwaresoftware products and software

customization, or to end this tutorial,customization, or to end this tutorial,

please select from the buttons at left.please select from the buttons at left.

Thank you for viewing this tutorial.Thank you for viewing this tutorial.

For further information about EASEFor further information about EASEInc, our clients, consulting services,Inc, our clients, consulting services,

software products and softwaresoftware products and software

customization, or to end this tutorial,customization, or to end this tutorial,

please select from the buttons at left.please select from the buttons at left.

EASE Inc.

CLIENTS

CONSULTING

SOFTWARE

CONTACT US

EXIT

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EASE IncorporatedEASE Incorporated is an international corporation,

founded in 1986.

EASEEASE is headquartered in Southern California

with satellite offices in Europe and the United

States.

EASE IncorporatedEASE Incorporated provides productivity improvement services through the

application of the EASEworksEASEworksSoftware, training, consulting services and

implementation support.

Who is EASE Inc?Who is EASE Inc?Who is EASE Inc?Who is EASE Inc?

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EASE CustomersEASE CustomersEASE CustomersEASE Customers


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EASE CustomersEASE CustomersEASE CustomersEASE Customers

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The ServiceThe ServiceThe ServiceThe ServiceOur major focus is to offer sustainable productivity improvements and cost

reductions for our clients. We can provide you with consulting assistance for. .

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Equipment Evaluation Facility Layout Establishing Best Practices

Competitive Benchmarking Design Engineering Process Engineering Production Engineering Implementing Ergonomic

Improvements

Training and Training Support &Certification

Improving Labor Efficiency

Productivity Analysis Implementing Lean Manufacturing Manufacturing Engineering ISO 9000 Implementation Developing Work Standards Process Mapping

EASE will provide engineers with extensive experience in YOURYOUR industry. Your

engineers will have the ability to take over, with confidencewith confidence, where we leave off.


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SoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareEASEworks Software modules cover:

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WorkStandards

Product Cost Estimating

Line Balancing

Work Instructions

Ergonomics

Design For Assembly

EASE Inc. provides full training, start up assistance and consulting services for

all modules.

Software customization services are also available.


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Phone:Phone:

Fax:Fax:

EE--Mail:Mail:

Web:Web:

[email protected]

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(949) 348-7511

(949) 367-9906

www.easeinc.com

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Contact InformationContact InformationContact InformationContact Information

EASE IncEASE Inc.

27405 Puerta Real, #380

Mission Viejo, CA 92691

EASE IncEASE Inc.

27405 Puerta Real, #380

Mission Viejo, CA 92691

Documents

Ergonomics Tutorial