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8/7/2019 Ergonomics Anthropometrics
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ErgonomicsAnthropometrics
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Ou tline
Anthropometrics
Measuring AnthropometricsStatic DimensionDynamic Dimension
Anthropometrics Data TablesDesign by Anthropometrics
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Lets Start with this
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O pen yo u r mind
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Anthrop-what? Anthropometry d eals with human bo d y
shape and
size. Anthropos (greek) = person, human beingM etron (greek) = measure, limit, extent Anthropometrics = measurement of people
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Meas u ring Anthropometrics
Transverse Plane Frontal Plane Sagittal Plane
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Meas u ring Anthropometrics
Two main points in measurement:
Static DimensionDynamic Dimension
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Static DimensionsD efinition: Measurements taken when thehuman bo d y is in a fixe d position, which typically involves stan d ing or sitting.Types
x Size: length, height, wi d th, thicknessx Distance between bo d y segment jointsx Weight, Volume, Density = mass/volumex Circumferencex Contour: ra d ius of curvaturex Centre of gravity x Clothe d vs. unclothe d d imensionsx Stan d ing vs. seate d d imensions
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Static Dimensions
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Static Dimension
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Static DimensionP alm d imension
Foot d imension
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Static DimensionH ea d Dimensions
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Static DimensionsStatic Dimensions
S tatic D imensions are relate d to an d vary withother factors, such as
AgeGend er
Ethnicity OccupationP ercentile within Specific P opulation GroupH istorical P erio d (d iet an d living con d itions)
S tatic D imensions are relate d to an d vary withother factors, such as
AgeGend er
Ethnicity OccupationP ercentile within Specific P opulation GroupH istorical P erio d (d iet an d living con d itions)
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Static DimensionsStatic Dimensions
AGE
Age (years)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
L engthsand
Heights
Anthropometry an d aging
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Dynamic DimensionD efinition: Measurements taken when the human
bo d y is engage d in some physical activity.Types: Static Dimensions (a d juste d for movement),Rotational Inertia, Ra d ius of Gyration
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Dynamic DimensionP rinciple 1 - Estimating
Conversion of Static Measures for Dynamic Situationsx e.g. d ynamic height = 97% of static heightx e.g. d ynamic arm reach = 120% of static arm length
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Dynamic DimensionP rinciple 2 - Integrating
The entire bo d y operates together to d etermine the value of a measurement parameter
x e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoul d er movement + partialtrunk rotation an d + some back ben d ing + han d movement
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Dynamic Dimension
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U seful Anthropometrics for Design
C learanceLeg room, hea d room, & access to confine d spaces
Reach
Designed
for 5th%ile, thus 95th%ile of users can reach furtherS trengthSimilar to reach, 95% are stronger than require d in d esign
P ostureComplex, limits may be impose d in multiple d irections,
e.g. Too high for a short person as ba d as too low for a tallperson
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C ommon uses of Anthropometric variables
Stan d ing eye height:Maximum height for visual d isplay = height of shortpersons eye height
Stan d ing elbow height:Maximum bench height for stan d ing work Delicate = higher
H igh force = lower
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C ommon uses of Anthropometric variables
Sitting elbow height:Arm rest heights & work surface heights
H ip brea d th:Minimum seat wi d th
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E rgonomic Design Principles
1. Designing for the Average
2. Designing for the Extremes
3. Designing for Adjustment
4. Designing for special purposes
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Ergonomic design stepsD ecide who you are designing for
first of all you need
to know exactly who you ared esigning for.The group of people you are d esigning for is calle d the user population .
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Ergonomic design stepsD ecide which body measurements arerelevant
You need to know which parts of the body arerelevant to your d esign
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Ergonomic design stepsD ecide whether you are designing for the'average' or extremes or adjustment
nobod y is 'average' in all bo d y d imensions. Someonemight be say, of average height but have a longer thanaverage han d length.You may use %ile concept
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Ergonomic design steps%ile concept
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Ergonomic design steps
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Ergonomic design steps
Add dimensional allowances for any clothing, equipment, safety precautions,and task performance
Think about other human factors
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Design for E veryoneDesign processes that consi d er human
variability will influence:Comfort / Musculoskeletal painComfort = pro d uctivity, visual & muscle fatigue
Ong (1984)P erformance / Usability
25% improvement in d ata-entry operatorsH ealth & Safety Short term: re d uce muscle action, i.e. fatigueLong term: sickness absence - back, neck pain,repetitive strain injuries.
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G ro u p Assignments I :
Ergonomics anthropometric assessment (using5W + 1 H )Design a pro d uct/tool for special population,
briefly d escribe what d imension can be use d for your d esign