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ergonomics. Training for Mangers and Supervisors. What is Ergonomics. The science of fitting jobs to people. Ergonomics uses knowledge of physical abilities, limitations & human characteristics that apply to job design. . Ergonomic Design. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ERGONOMICSTraining for Mangers and Supervisors
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WHAT IS ERGONOMICS
• The science of fitting jobs to people. • Ergonomics uses knowledge of physical abilities, limitations
& human characteristics that apply to job design.
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ERGONOMIC DESIGN
• Considers the tasks, equipment & environment to provide efficient use of worker capabilities while ensuring that job demands do not exceed those capabilities
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WHY ERGONOMICS?
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PROPER ERGONOMICS CAN
• Improve Efficiency• Increase Production Capability• Reduce Workplace Injuries• Lower Workers’ Comp Costs• Reduce Absenteeism
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MUSCULAR SKELETAL DISORDERS
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MUSCULAR SKELETAL DISORDERS
• Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are an injury or illness to soft body tissue such as: – Muscles– Nerves– Tendons– Ligaments– Joints– Cartilage– Spinal Discs
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MUSCULAR SKELETAL DISORDERS INCLUDE
• Strains & Sprains• Soreness or Pain• Carpal tunnel syndrome• Connective tissue disorders
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MUSCULAR SKELETAL DISORDERS
• MSDs are medical conditions that develop gradually over a period of time.
• MSDs do not typically result from a single instantaneous event.
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CAUSES OF MUSCULAR SKELETAL DISORDERS
• Bending• Climbing• Crawling• Reaching• Twisting• Overexertion• Repetitive Exposure• Standing
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RISK FACTORS
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RISK FACTORS
• Risk Factors are the elements of workstation design or employee action that can result in Muscular-Skeletal Disorders.– Environmental Factors– Activity Factors
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ENVIRONMENT RISK FACTORS
• Heat or cold• Lighting• Vibration• Tool design• Noise
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ACTIVITY RISK FACTORS
• Static or awkward postures• Improper gripping• Improper lifting• Repetitive Motion
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HEAT & COLD
• Heat effects: – Blood circulation – Causes cramps, burns, rashes and general discomfort.
• Cold effects:– The body's blood circulation– Causes hypothermia, loss of flexibility, distraction and
poor dexterity. • Comfortable temperature range:
• 68 to 74 degrees • Humidity 20 – 60%
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VIBRATION
• Excessive vibration causes pain to muscles, joints and internal organs.
• Soft tissue trauma to the hands, arms, feet and legs.
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LIGHTING
• Under & over lighted areas causes:– Headaches– Muscle strains– Fatigue– Eye strain
• Poorly lighted areas also contributes to trip & fall hazards & poor coordination.
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TOOL DESIGN
• Handle shape• Control type• Control location• Vibration• Impact• Pressure
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NOISE
• Noise peaks above 100 decibels cause:– Headaches– Increased blood pressure– Muscle tension & fatigue– Irritability & distraction
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FORCE & EXERTION
• Forceful exertions place higher loads on the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
• Factors: – Weight – Bulkiness– Speed
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POSTURE
• Prolonged standing - varicose veins, back stress, pooling of blood in legs.
• Sitting without back support - low back stress.• Seat too high - decreased circulation, (legs dangling over
end) bruises.
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POSTURE
• Shoulders rounded - Upper/lower back stress, respiratory distress.
• Leaning forward - Lower back stress.• Arms extended or over-reaching - Stress to arm muscles,
upper back stress.
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POSTURE
• Elbows "winged" - Joint stress at shoulder, poor use of bicep muscles.
• Stepping backwards - Loss of balance, displaced gravity, muscle stress.
• Locking knees - Stress to back of knee, poor blood circulation
• Bent Wrist – excessive force when gripping.
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REPETITION
• Frequent & prolonged repetition of the same movements cause muscle fatigue and stress.
• Factors that increase repetition hazards:– Number of cycles per minute.– Force required.– Posture
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GRIPPING
• Factors that increase gripping hazards:– Bent wrist– Surface area– Surface friction– Vibration– Type of grip
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LIFTING
• Factors that increase lifting hazards:– Weight– Size– Repetition– Twisting– Bending– Reaching– Method
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CONTROL MEASURERS
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HAZARD CONTROLS
• Engineering Controls• Administrative Controls• Work Practice Controls
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ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• Re-design of work station• Re-design of tools• Lighting modification• Vibration control• Noise Control• Automation• Mechanical Lifting• Material Flow
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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
• Employee rotation.• Job task enlargement.• Adjustment of work pace. • Redesign of work methods.• Alternative tasks.• Rest breaks.
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WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
• Work techniques & procedures.• Conditioning period. • Training Lifting techniques.• Personal Protective Equipment.
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ANALYSIS TOOLS
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CHECKLISTS
• Basic Screening Tool• General Risk Analysis• Computer Work Stations• Hand Tool Analysis• Hazard Identification• Task Analysis• Workstation Evaluation
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PROGRAM ELEMENTS
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PROGRAM ELEMENTS
• Management Leadership• Employee Participation• Hazard Identification• Hazard Information• Medical Management • Program Evaluation • Recordkeeping
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MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
• Assign responsibilities. • Provide authority, resources & information.• Examine existing policies. • Take action to correct problems. • Communicate regularly with employees.
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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
• Reports of signs, symptoms & hazards. • Recommendations from employees & supervisors. • Records review of existing safety & health records.• Routine facility safety & health inspections.
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INFORMATION & TRAINING
• Signs & symptoms. • Importance of early reporting. • Specific hazards & controls.• Reporting MSDs & hazards.• How to recommend control methods. • Protective Measures.• Ergonomics program & their role.• OSHA standard requirements.
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EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
• Report of signs, symptoms & hazards.• Hazard control recommendations. • Access to information.
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MSD MANAGEMENT
• Prompt response. • Work restrictions or other measures.• Prompt access to a health care professional.• Written Medical Opinion.• Medical Follow-up.
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PROGRAM EVALUATION
• MSD records• Engineering Controls• Administrative Controls• Work Practice Controls• Opinions
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RECORDKEEPING
• Reports of MSD or hazards.• Responses to employee reports.• Job hazard analysis.• Hazard control records.• Ergonomics program evaluation.• MSD management records.
