KA 6563 Sustainable Urban Design Prof.Riza Atiq Abdullah

Present by :

Sarah Hazim P65407

Introduction Erbil is one of the cities

of Iraq, It is Located on the north part of country

About 350 KM from the capital Baghdad and the area about 13,165 km square.

» Labor Force: 865,000 » International borders:

Turkey, Iran

ErbilWith population of 2

million. The using language is kurdish.

Districts Erbil includes:

 Makhmour Koisanjaq Shaqlawa Soran ,Rawanduz

and Diana Mergasur Choman

The History of Erbil

Erbil is one of most ancient cities in the world. It was born during the early Mesopotamian civilizations, around 10,000 years ago and it develop in less than one century ago from a small agricultural settlement to a well-established Middle Eastern tourism and business destination .

Erbil’s castle Erbil city is well-

known for having a Castle in the centre of the city and for having a 36 meters long Minaret, (al Mudhafaria Minaret) which located in the west region of Erbil city

Urban DesignAt the moment, hundreds of large-

scale projects are being built in the area of Erbil. They include highways, urban rail networks, international and local universities and schools, luxurious five-star hotels managed by global hoteliers, Dubai-styled shopping malls,sports complexes, hospitals and dozens of large-scale residential projects.

Transport  The primary road route from Kirkuk

to Mosul runs through southern Erbil province. Another primary road from Kirkuk runs to Erbil City. From Erbil city, major routes run west to Mosul and northeast to Shaqlawah and Choman, and to the Hajj Umran border crossing at the Iranian border. There is also an eastern route to Sulaymaniyah.

TransportErbil’s Airport was renovated in

2005. in August 2005 Erbil’s Airport receives regular direct flights from Oman, Dubai, Istanbul and Frankfurt and several additional European cities are planned for the near future.

A major railway line runs north from Baghdad to Kirkuk and to Erbil city.

The Biodiversity In Erbil and surrounding areas there

are many problems which influence negatively on the biodiversity like:poor rains ,global warming,

Water scarcity of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers recently reduced the number of fishes and natural plants

The existence of pollution factors that difficult to control such as radioactive pollution due to depleted uranium in the wars

Steps that have been taken

A Project to planting 100 million trees in the peri-urban areas to purify the environment.

Develop environmental police system to monitor illegal fishing operations and the percentage of car exhaust pollution and to prevent cutting the trees.

Climate changeAT the moment the global climate

passes throw the situation of change in high average temperatures for the Pan-Globe and change in rainfall and snow

Scientists differ about the origin of this increase and cause, between natural increase, and Increase of the concentration of gases which cause the global warming .

Climate changeIn The second half of the last century

there was continuous rise in average temperatures throughout the country , Iraqi Meteorological Authority said that the overall rate of maximum temperatures in Erbil for years 1941 - 1970 it was 21 degrees Celsius only, and rose to reach 32.6 degrees Celsius in 2000, and this climate change effect on rainfall percentage.

Green Spaces Erbil has 25% of green spaces

and high percentage area of mountains

Employments According to statistics in the past seven

years, 7,500 people have applied for jobs, but the department could only find jobs for 500 people. In the meantime, more than 1,000 foreign workers were brought to Erbil Region last year only .

Four years ago, government figures showed unemployment rate in Erbil at 14%. But this year, officials from the Ministry of Labor indicate that the rate has gone down due to small debts, welfare, and the opening of many centers for job training.

EducationIn Erbil there is One university

(Salahaddin University), which includes colleges of law, medicine and engineering,129 secondary schools, 12 vocational schools (commercial, industrial and technical)

There are 22 libraries in Erbil.

EducationKnow there are many new foreign

universities with international staff like the British Royal University.

Also there are many international Secondary and Primary schools

was opened recently.

Health careThe Ministry of Health is working to

increase interest in government hospitals and monitor shipments of medications to avoid cheating.

Construction of several private hospitals with specialist staff and attract foreign staff from abroad to reduce the rates of travelling citizen to outside of Iraq for treatment.

Health care

Control prices of private hospitals and prevent it from rising so that most citizens receive treatment.

monitoring the spread of epidemics and disseises .

Economy of Erbil

The economy of Erbil depend on 3 main factors :

1:The agriculture Erbil has over 300 poultry farms,

with  various kinds of plants :fruits , vegetables, Wheat and Barley.

Economy of ErbilErbil produces approximately

36,000 tons of fresh chicken meat per year and a commensurately large number of eggs.

  Erbil also produces large crops of

tomatoes, cucumbers, and melons. In addition, large commercial heads of sheep, goats and cattle.

Economy of Erbil2:the tourism Many Iraqi people from the middle and the south go to the north especially in summer to get rid of hot weather. last year Achieved profits of half a million dollars. 3:Trade Between the neighboring regions of Turkey and Iran.

Bekhal And Kally ali bik

Recycling in Erbil Erbil has factories for recycling

metal, plastic , paper and glass .

There are many popular dishes that are characterized by Erbil, such as yoghurt ,bread and special dishes that made it in holidays and weekends like (dolma and beryani) and (klejaa) which is made on Eid al fitter and adhha.

The Food

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