Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Era I Unit 2WHI.2 Pre-History
Voorhees
(Words in purple are for your notes)
HUMAN ORIGINS AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS, PREHISTORY TO 1000 B.C. (B.C.E.)
Prehistory
WHI.2 The student will apply social science skills to understand the period
from the Paleolithic Era to
the agricultural revolution by
• a) explaining the impact of geographic environment on hunter-gatherer societies;
• b) describing characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies, including their use of tools and fire;
First, list the WHI.2 Vocabulary:• Advance
• Agriculture
• Archeology
• Artifact
• Fossil
• Hominid
• Migration
• Prehistory
• Primary source
• Radiocarbon dating
• Revolution
• Secondary source
• Technology
Lewis Leakey
Leave space for each of your definitions
You are responsible for paying attention and knowing these words
Look!
fossils versus artifacts
Fossil=
• preserved remains of animal or plant
Artifact=
• object made by human
ACTIVITY: artifact analysis
• Observe and analyze artifact
• Imagine what it was used for
• Hypothesize how the humans lived
• List 3-5 statements to theorize
• Know: Technology= human-made items that make life easier
Predicting activity
On the front page of your Prehistory packetIllustrate what you think you know about early humans…
What did they wear and eat?How did they live?
What did they live in?Did they have technology?
What did they use?Did they have fire?Could they talk?
Were there many people around?What did they look like?
prehistoric spear thrower
Venus of Lespugue
How do scientists date fossils?• Radiocarbon dating is used to date fossils
• All living organisms absorb radiocarbon
• Radiocarbon decay can be measured
How do scientists date artifacts?
Relative dating:
• Stratigraphy
Absolute dating:
• Date to objects of known age
• Tree ring dating
• Radiocarbon dating
• Electron spin resonance
• Uranium series dating
• Thermoluminescence
• Potassium-argon dating
create a time line…
• Mark prehistory to present
• Stone Age= 3 million years ago
• Label the birth of Jesus of Nazareth and Before Common Era and Common Era
___________________________________________C.E.B.C.E.
Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age
Prehistory
• Hominid= animal that has a large
brain and walks upright– hominid family:
• Humans
• “Great Apes”
–Gorilla
–Orangutan
–Common
chimpanzee
–Bonozo
Early Hominids
• Australopithecus– "of the south ape”– Lived 3.9 and 3.0 million
years ago
• Homo habilis– "handy man“ or "skillful
person“– Lived from approximately
2.5 million to at least 1.6 million years ago
Early Hominids
• Homo erectus– “upright man”– Believed to have been
the first hominid to leave Africa
– Lived 2 million to 1 million years ago
• Homo neanderthalensis– Lived from about
250,000 to as recent as 30,000 years ago
– Prehistory= before writing
– Also known as the Stone Age
– It has two parts: old and new
Prehistory
Olduvai Gorge- Tanzania, Africa
“The Cradle of Humanity” – fossils ranging 2.5 million to 32,000 Years Ago
A. Homo sapiens (humans of today)
• "wise or intelligent man”
• Lived from about 250,000 years ago to the present
B. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago
The Stone Age
homo sapiens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcS8CcqPJcI
migration (movement) of humans
Pleistocene Epoch- much of the Earth’s water turned into ice The sea level dropped as much as 300 ft and the shallow Bering Strait between Alaska and Siberia became a natural land bridge
I. Paleolithic= Old Stone Age
A. Hunter-gatherer societies
1. hunted large game
2. gathered roots, nuts, berries, grasses
B. Environment= big part of their lives
C. NOMADS
1. moved around
2. followed the animals
AmericanStone Age
3. lived in caves and temporary shelters
What is it like to be nomadic?
Did they have religion?
Did they have leaders?
France- 400,000 BC
Paleolithic…d. Lived in clans (groups of families)
e. Developed oral language (speaking)
f. Created cave art (culture)
g. Fire
WHI.2 The student will apply social science skills to understand the period
from the Paleolithic Era tothe agricultural revolution by
• c) analyzing how technological and social developments gave rise to sedentary communities;and
• d) analyzing how archaeological discoveries are changing current understanding of earlysocieties.
II. The Neolithic Era= New Stone Age
Agriculture= farming
1. Farming!
a. Technological and social advancements
(advance means to move forward)
b. Stable communities
c. 10,000 BCE (-ish)
A. The Agricultural Revolution
Neolithic Era
2. Major step in the advance of civilization
Advance= move forwarda. Permanent settlements b. Settled in fertile river valleys
dolmen or portal tomb
“Ice Man”
Neolithic Era
3. Used advanced tools
• The use of new materials like “cold hammered” copper, gold, and lead
4. Made pottery
5. Developed weaving skills
III. Archeological discoveries
A. 3 Cities:
1. Aleppo (Fertile Crescent)
2. Jericho (Fertile Crescent)
3. Çatalhöyük (Anatolia/Turkey;
Asia Minor)
Aleppo (Fertile Crescent)
Aleppo in the news…
Aleppo massacre: as more bodies are lifted from the river, families bury their dead
Jericho, Israel (Fertile Crescent)
Jericho (8000 BCE)
Mount of Temptation Monasteryoverlooking Jericho
Çatalhöyük- Anatolia
Çatalhöyük- Anatolia
• Archeologists study past human culture and behavior
Çatalhöyük,Anatolia
Stonehenge (Megalithic structure)
B. Stonehenge
1. England
2. Neolithic Bronze Age
Megalithic structures
Malta (Mediterranean Sea)
Malta (Mediterranean Sea)
Carnac, France
Callanish Stone Circle, Scotland
Easter Island, Chile
Review- (fill in the blanks):
• Hunter gatherers- life shaped by their ___________________
• Homo sapiens emerged in east _____________ between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago
• Homo sapiens ______________ from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas
• Hunter gatherers depended on ___________ plants and animals
environment
Africa
migrated
wild
Paleolithic
• Early human societies- developed _______ and began to overcome limits set by physical environment
• Hunter gatherers= _____ Stone Age:
– Were _________ (they moved around)
– Invented first _______, simple weapons
– Had ______ (warmth, light, protection, and cooking)
– _______ (small groups)
– Cave ______
culture
Old
tools
fire
art
nomadic
clans
Neolithic
• Settlements= _____ Stone Age:
– Settled _____________ (farming)
– ___________ settlements
• Societies:
– Developed agriculture
– Domesticated __________
– Advanced ______
– Made __________
– __________ skills
Newagriculture
Permanent
animals
tools
pottery
Weaving
archeologists:
• Continue to _____ and interpret evidence of early humans
• Locate and analyze ______ remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts
• ____________- good example-begun in Neolithic Age, completed in Bronze Age
• Aleppo and Jericho- ______ Crescent
• __________- Anatolia (currently under excavation)
find
human
Stonehenge
Fertile
Çatalhöyük
5 REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHI.2
1) Homo sapiens in Africa, between 100,000 and 400,000
years ago,
• A lived in semi-permanent settlements.
• B had an organized government.
• C had complex tools.
• D were nomadic.
2) Hunter gatherers had a life that was shaped by
• A an agricultural society.
• B the environment.
• C a complex government.
• D organized religion.
3) Neolithic societies
• A were disorganized.
• B relocated frequently in search of food.
• C had simple tools.
• D were also referred to as New Stone Age.
4) Scientists that study past cultures by analyzing human
remains, fossils, and artifacts are called
• A Paleontologists.
• B Archaeologists.
• C Psychologists.
• D Entomologists.
5) An example of a site in England that was begun during the
Neolithic Age and completed during the Bronze Age is
• A Mesopotamia.
• B Ganges.
• C Stonehenge.
• D Delian.
LET’S SEE HOW YOU DID
Okay…
1) Homo sapiens in Africa, between 100,000 and 400,000
years ago,
• A lived in semi-permanent settlements.
• B had an organized government.
• C had complex tools.
• D were nomadic.
2) Hunter gatherers had a life that was shaped by
• A an agricultural society.
• B the environment.
• C a complex government.
• D organized religion.
3) Neolithic societies
• A were disorganized.
• B relocated frequently in search of food.
• C had simple tools.
• D were also referred to as New Stone Age.
4) Scientists that study past cultures by analyzing human
remains, fossils, and artifacts are called
• A Paleontologists.
• B Archaeologists.
• C Psychologists.
• D Entomologists.
5) An example of a site in England that was begun during the
Neolithic Age and completed during the Bronze Age is
• A Mesopotamia.
• B Ganges.
• C Stonehenge.
• D Delian.
The End
