Era following the Civil War when the U.S. government: Brought Southern states back into the Union...
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Era following the Civil War when the U.S. government: Brought Southern states back into the Union Ended slavery and attempted to protect freedmen Rebuilt
Era following the Civil War when the U.S. government: Brought
Southern states back into the Union Ended slavery and attempted to
protect freedmen Rebuilt the nation
Slide 2
Reconstruction occurred in two phases: Presidential
Reconstruction Lenient to allow Southern states to quickly rejoin
Union Initiated by Lincoln; Carried out by Johnson Congressional
Reconstruction Directed by Radical Republicans wanted stricter plan
Keep Confederate leaders from regaining power in the South Protect
rights of freedmen (former slaves)
Slide 3
LINCOLNS PLAN 10% Plan - Quick and Easy Former Confederate
states could re-enter Union when: 10% of states population had to
take oath of allegiance to U.S. Recognize freedom of former slaves
ANDREW JOHNSONS PLAN Swear allegiance to the Union Hold state
constitutional conventions - set up state govt Cancel secession
& ratify (approve) the 13 th Amendment States could then hold
elections
Slide 4
Rejected Presidents plan Did nothing to protect former slaves
or keep Confederate leaders from re-gaining power in the South
Wanted 50% to swear oath of allegiance Former slaves should receive
full citizenship and voting rights Thaddeus Stevens (Penn.) Charles
Sumner (Mass.) Wanted Congress to oversee Reconstruction Majority
of states population should have to swear allegiance for admittance
to the Union **More difficult process of mending Union**
Slide 5
Created by Congress in 1865 Assisted former slaves and poor
whites in transition from society based on slavery to one allowing
freedom Run by the war department Distributed clothing & food
Set up 40 hospitals Set up 4,000 schools
Slide 6
Declared that African Americans were citizens Denied states
right to restrict citizens rights to: Testify in court against
whites Make contracts Hold property Johnson vetoed law Congress
overrides with 2/3
Slide 7
White southerners reestablished civil authority Restrictive
laws known as black codes Many former slaves had to sign yearly
labor contracts Former slaves could NOT: Carry weapons Serve on
juries Testify against whites Marry whites Own land (Only in some
states)
Slide 8
Congress pushed through Reconstruction Acts beginning in 1867
Southern states put under military rule Southern states hold new
constitutional conventions African Americans allowed to vote - in
the states Equal rights for African Americans Ratification of the
14 th Amendment (citizenship)
Slide 9
Slide 10
13 TH AMENDMENT 1865 neither slavery nor involuntary
servitudeshall exist in the United States 14 TH AMENDMENT 1868 all
persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens 15 th
Amendment 1870 No one can be kept from voting because of race,
color, or previous condition of servitude
Slide 11
Tenure of Office Act (1867) President couldnt fire cabinet
members Johnson thought this act was unconstitutional Fires
Secretary of War Edwin Stanton Law was later declared
unconstitutional by Supreme Court House of Representatives charges
him Senate tries the case Required 2/3 vote to remove from office
Vote was 35 to 19 one vote short of 2/3 needed for removal from
office
Slide 12
Civil War hero won presidency Worked with Congress to
reconstruct the South By 1868, most Confederate states had been re-
admitted to the Union under Congressional Reconstruction Because of
Congressional Reconstruction, African-American men in the South
could vote for the first time
Slide 13
Slide 14
SCALAWAGS Southerners who joined the Republican Party Many
southerners were hopeful for change Some wanted to gain political
office through the African American vote CARPETBAGGERS Northerners
who moved South after the war Southerners believed they wanted to
profit from condition of the South Some were agents of the
Freedmans Bureau, teachers, or ministers
Slide 15
Hiram Revels elected to Mississippi state senate in 1869 1870 1
st African American elected to U.S. Senate Period of 1865-1877 saw
greater African American involvement in politics Local, State, and
Federal levels Many of those running for office had been educated
in the North
Slide 16
40 acres and a mule Promised by General Sherman President
Johnson returned land to original owners Homestead Act 1866 Set
aside 44 million acres for freed blacks Unsuitable for farming
Sharecropping Landowners divided land Workers gave a share of crop
to landowner Tenant farming Land rented from landowners
Slide 17
Ku Klux Klan Started in Tennessee in 1866 Nathan Bedford
Forrest 1 st Grand Dragon Former Confederate General Left Klan due
to violence Spread through South Turned into violent terrorist
organization
Slide 18
Election of 1876 Grant would not pursue a third term - scandal
Republicans Rutherford B. Hayes Democrats Samuel Tilden Tilden wins
popular vote, but loses electoral vote 20 electoral votes disputed
Compromise: Democrats accept Hayes Withdrawal of federal troops
from southern states Federal money for infrastructure Hayes to
choose conservative for Cabinet post
Slide 19
As a result of Congressional Reconstruction (1867-1877) All
eleven Southern states were re-admitted to the Union The 13 th, 14
th, and 15 th Amendments were passed Providing protections and
opportunities for African Americans in the South Difficult to
enforce and sustain as Democrats slowly took back the Southern
legislatures Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, property
qualifications