Equity, Recovery & Resilience - Amazon S3€¦ · U.S. National Disaster Recovery Framework (2016) “Establishes a common platform and forum for how the whole community builds, sustains,

Laurie Johnson PhD FAICP Consulting | Research

Equity, Recovery & ResilienceSoCo Rises Summit

June 4, 2018


After Great Disasters: An In-depth Analysis of How Six Countries Managed Community Recovery


Lincoln Institute of Land Policyhttp://www.lincolninst.edu/publications/

Book Policy Focus Report

Free for download:


Recovery


Disaster Recovery Process

Sources: Adapted from Haas, Kates, and Bowden, 1977)


Source: Olshansky, Hopkins, & Johnson, Natural Hazards Review, August 2012

Qu

an

tity

of

Cap

ital

Serv

ices

Time Disaster Event

Capital services reaching end of life

New and replacement

capital services

Normal city building processes, in all their complexity, now must happen in a compressed time period (e.g. 100 years → 10 years, 10 years → 2 years)

“Time Compression” is a Unique Characteristic of Post-Disaster Recovery


Quantity of Capital Services

● The place of disaster becomes different from other places in many ways

● Processes of physical construction, supply of financial resources, restoration of neighborhood socio-economic networks happen unevenly and unnaturally across the community

● Different activities compress unequally

– Financial transactions

– Construction

– Creating social capital

– Institution building

Source: Olshansky, Hopkins, & Johnson, Natural Hazards Review, August 2012

Capital services reaching end of life

New and replacement capital services

Co

mp

ress

es m

ore

slo

wly


Source: Alan Gutierrez’ blog, thinknola.com, 2006

Blogger’s “Flowchart” of New Orleans’ Post-Katrina Recovery Process


Recovery happens as many simultaneous “decision-actions” are made by those directly and indirectly impacted by the disaster.

“We will REBUILD

bigger and better

than ever.”

“We will

RELOCATE.”

“We will

RECONSTRUCT

what we had.”

“We are WAITING

to see what

happens.”


Other Tenets of Disaster Recovery● Recovery is real life at high speed with no clear endpoint. Normal life/

community problems magnified and needs compressed in time and space

● Inequities and pre-disaster trends often exacerbated due to simultaneous and competing demands for limited resources

● Currencies of recovery are money, information and collaboration (to combat the simultaneous needs, uncertainty and decision demands)

● Bureaucracies often do not adapt well, and new governmental and non-governmental organizations typically emerge to fill information gaps and provide more resources

● “Windows of opportunity” for change and betterment arise due to concentrated elimination of urban elements which reduces the opportunity cost of change; these windows open and close in time

● Success is measured by both speed and quality (which often conflict). Need to plan and act simultaneously


When disaster strikes, there is already a plan for reconstruction indelibly stamped in the mind of every affected resident—the plan of the pre-disaster city. This is the ‘first’ recovery plan, and all previous plans or new plans made following the disaster will undoubtedly compete, for many residents, with the first plan, oftentimes intensely.

(Haas, Kates, and Bowden , Reconstruction Following Disaster, 1977)


Equity


Disaster Recovery Process

Sources: Adapted from Haas, Kates, and Bowden, 1977)

Public Participation/

Community Engagement

Inform Consult Involve Collaborate Empower

Increasing Level of Change/Community Impact


2+ Years On…. Four Tribes of Christchurch, NZ: The angry, the disillusioned, the untouched and the hopeful.

(Source: The Press, September 7, 2013, http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/9136868/The-tribes-

that-bind-Christchurch)


Proven Value of Post-Disaster Recovery Plans● Help address equity and reduce uncertainty through

the collection and analysis of post-disaster conditions and needs

● Help make the case for money and justify funds already allocated

● Serve as important demonstrations of leadership to inform and influence stakeholders

● Help provide the means for public discussion of loss, the future (adapting to the “new normal”) and to generate new ideas and seize opportunities to transform and thrive


U.S. National Disaster Recovery Framework (2016)

“Establishes a common platform and forum for how the whole community builds, sustains, and coordinates delivery of recovery capabilities”

● Individual and Family Empowerment

● Leadership and Local Primacy

● Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning

● Engaged Partnerships and Inclusiveness

● Unity of Effort

● Timeliness and Flexibility

● Resilience and Sustainability

● Psychological and Emotional Recovery


Equity as a Lens for the priorities and use of public, philanthropic and NGO funds

“In response to Presidentially declared disasters, Congress may appropriate additional funding for the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program as Disaster Recovery grants to rebuild the affected areas and provide crucial seed money to start the recovery process. Since CDBG Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) assistance may fund a broad range of recovery activities, HUD can help communities and neighborhoods that otherwise might not recover due to limited resources.”


Resilience


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:5-Stage Model Self-

actualization

Esteem Needs

Belongingness and Love Needs

Safety Needs

Biological and Physiological Needs


“Holistic” View of Community Resilience

People, Livelihoods

Governance and Community Institutions

Economy, Networks and Supply Chains

Structures, Infrastructure, and Built Environment

Environmental, Ecology, and Physical Environment

(Source: Laurie Johnson 2011)


Piner High School Graduation, May 2018

Kent Porter/The Press Democrat

Resilience is formed through the interdependencies that evolve from established societal patterns and the work of building resilience both pre- and post-disaster.(Multi-national Resilience Work Group, 2014)

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Equity, Recovery & Resilience - Amazon S3€¦ · U.S. National Disaster Recovery Framework (2016) “Establishes a common platform and forum for how the whole community builds, sustains,