Eq Damage Masonry

8/13/2019 Eq Damage Masonry

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EARTHQUAKE EFFECTSEARTHQUAKE EFFECTS


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Load Bearing wall systemLoad Bearing wall system

BeamBeam--column Frame systemcolumn Frame system

Dual systemDual system

Slab and column frame systemSlab and column frame system


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Com lete dama e to stone masonrCom lete dama e to stone masonrhouseshouses


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Dama e to a traditional houseDama e to a traditional house


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cracks on the corner art of


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ONRY BUILDINGSONRY BUILDINGS

Damage on masonry buildings start

from corner separation


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ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE BEHAVIOURANALYSIS OF DAMAGE BEHAVIOUR

OF BUILDINGSOF BUILDINGS

BUILDING FOUNDATIONBUILDING FOUNDATION--SOIL INTERACTIONSOIL INTERACTION

Buildings resting on firm soil/rock perform wellBuildings resting on firm soil/rock perform well

Buildin constructed on fills suffer severe dama eBuildin constructed on fills suffer severe dama e Structure on loose saturated sand may lead toStructure on loose saturated sand may lead to

liquefactionliquefaction

settlementsettlement


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COMMON TYPES OF DAMAGECOMMON TYPES OF DAMAGE

The inertia forces due to roof/ floor isThe inertia forces due to roof/ floor istransmitted to the to of the walls and iftransmitted to the to of the walls and if

the roofing material isthe roofing material is improperly tied toimproperly tied to

the wallthe wall it dislod esit dislod es TheThe failure of bottom cordfailure of bottom cord of roof trussof roof truss

as well as the whole buildingas well as the whole building


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The failure of pier occurs due to combinedThe failure of pier occurs due to combinedaction of flexure and shear. Near verticalaction of flexure and shear. Near vertical

cracks near corner wall joints occurcracks near corner wall joints occur

indicatinindicatin se aration of wallse aration of wall For motion perpendicular to the walls, theFor motion perpendicular to the walls, the

cracking and separation of the walls arecracking and separation of the walls are


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Generally, gable end wall collapsesGenerally, gable end wall collapses

walls, the wythe of masonry is eitherwalls, the wythe of masonry is either

..away of half the wall thickness on theaway of half the wall thickness on the

. .


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CAUSES OF FAILURE OF MASONRYCAUSES OF FAILURE OF MASONRY

BUILDINGSBUILDINGS

These buildings are very heavy and attract largeThese buildings are very heavy and attract large

inertia forcesinertia forces

Unreinforced masonry walls are weak againstUnreinforced masonry walls are weak against

tension and shear, and therefore, perform rathertension and shear, and therefore, perform rather

poor during earthquakepoor during earthquake

These buildings have large in plane rigidity andThese buildings have large in plane rigidity and

t ere ore ave ow t me per o s o v rat ont ere ore ave ow t me per o s o v rat on

which results in large seismic forcewhich results in large seismic force


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BEHAVIOUR OF BUILDINGSBEHAVIOUR OF BUILDINGS

Poor PlanningPoor PlanningUnsymmetrical section in planUnsymmetrical section in planLarge openingsLarge openingsProximity of buildingsProximity of buildings

Lar e s ans of wallsLar e s ans of walls

Poor Building MaterialsPoor Building Materials

Poor quality of material having less tensile andPoor quality of material having less tensile andshear strengthshear strength oor ua o mor ar oor ua o mor ar


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ANALYSIS OF DAMAGEANALYSIS OF DAMAGE

Poor DesignPoor Design

Lack of lateral strengthLack of lateral strengthUnequal distribution of mass or stiffnessUnequal distribution of mass or stiffnessLow time period of vibration and attract largeLow time period of vibration and attract largeearthquake forceearthquake force

Poor Detailing and Unsatisfactory ConstructionPoor Detailing and Unsatisfactory ConstructionAbsence of box like action, no earthquakeAbsence of box like action, no earthquake

bandsbandsLack of adequate joint connections, wall to wallLack of adequate joint connections, wall to wall


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e an pos on o open ngs, an r.c. an se an pos on o open ngs, an r.c. an s


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REINFORCED CONCRETE BANDREINFORCED CONCRETE BAND


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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANTEARTHQUAKE RESISTANTDESIGN OF MASONRYDESIGN OF MASONRY

BUILDINGSBUILDINGS


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SITE ANALYSISSITE ANALYSIS

Following parameters should be noted carefullyFollowing parameters should be noted carefully Earth uake ZoneEarth uake Zone

Ground SlopeGround Slope

Soil TypeSoil Type

Ground water tableGround water table

Building byeBuilding bye--lawslaws

SurroundingsSurroundings

SELECTION OF SHAPE AND PLAN OF BUILDINGSELECTION OF SHAPE AND PLAN OF BUILDING

-- A regular shape of building with plan symmetric about both axesA regular shape of building with plan symmetric about both axesshould be selected. Suitable separation joints may be provided toshould be selected. Suitable separation joints may be provided tomake the different arts re ular and s mmetricmake the different arts re ular and s mmetric


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DESIGN STEPSSTEPS IN MASONRY BUILDINGS - continued.

FOUNDATION DESIGNFOUNDATION DESIGN

A suitable foundation type should be selected according to theA suitable foundation type should be selected according to the

guidelines. Minimum depth should always be providedguidelines. Minimum depth should always be provided

WALL DESIGNWALL DESIGN

Wall thickness, brick strength and mortar composition should beWall thickness, brick strength and mortar composition should be

selected according to seismic zone and soil conditionsselected according to seismic zone and soil conditions

EATHQUAKE BAND AND VERTICAL REINFORCEMENTEATHQUAKE BAND AND VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT

Earthquake bands and vertical reinforcement should be provided inEarthquake bands and vertical reinforcement should be provided in

DESIGN OF ROOFDESIGN OF ROOF

at roo s s ou e es gne n as per : . n case oat roo s s ou e es gne n as per : . n case o


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AVOID LONG WALLS


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UNDATIONS FOR MASONRY BUILDINGS


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AILS AT CORNERS AND THROUGH

To avoid

splitting of

rubble masonry,

stones should

be provided in

sufficient

numbers


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MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN


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RTHQUAKE BANDS AND VERTICAL


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ARTHQUAKE TIMBER BANDS FOR BRICK/


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ARTHQUAKE R.C. BANDS FOR BRICK/


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Eq Damage Masonry