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7/29/2019 EPICS I Final Project
1/11
10-15-09
0.7 mm
Engineering Hall Annex
Golden, CO 80401
Project Managers:
Tamara Carey
EPICS
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, CO 80401
Subject: Project Plan
Introduction
Point Seven Millimeters is a team of engineering students from Colorado School ofMines with diverse backgrounds and specialties. We are a diligent and intelligent group of
people who implement teamwork, diligence, and innovation to complete our projects and goals
in a timely manner.
Project Definition
Lockheed Martin has designed many high-altitude vehicles that operate in the
Stratosphere mainly using solar energy. These vehicles use a lot of energy and current solar
collection methods have been deemed inefficient. The current methods for gathering solar energyonly utilize the absorbed, direct solar radiation, yet there are two types of albedo, white-sky and
black-sky, that are believed to be rich in energy. Our goal for this project is to design an
experimental device that will be balloon-lifted to measure the energy levels of these albedos inthe Stratosphere, 60,000 to 80,000 feet in elevation, and to determine what percentage of these
energy sources can be collected and employed on high-altitude vehicles.
Project Constraints
Our team plans to execute this project in the most efficient way possible while adhering
to all constraints. The design apparatus will collect and measure the solar energy of the twoalbedos and also the direct radiation while being able to sort it from one another using several
solar panels in different directions and also with the aid of a digital camera or video recorder.The various constraints the design are such that it must weigh less than 1.5 kilograms, and a
Dacron cord of 4.0mm must pass through a hole in the center of the instrument with the holes
diameter not exceeding 6.4mm. Also, on the balloon flight there will be many instruments beingflown and the default spacing is that of 1 meter. Our project design will remain within all of the
structural design requirements including the material, thermal, environmental, electrical, and
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structural systems that are specified in section 3 of the DemoSat User Guide. It shall also
include a National Instruments (NI) Single board RIO PowerPC based system supplied byLockheed Martin and undergo many rigorous structural and functional testing specified in
section 5 of the User Guide before it is to be deemed ready for flight.
Project Progression
Our team has already completed the creative phase of the design process. This phaseincluded identifying the projects needs, a clarification memorandum, defining the problem
given to us, a letter of understanding of the project, gathering data, and preparing the project
plan. We have achieved these things through numerous meetings in class and also duringextracurricular hours.
Project Designs
TaylorsOur diamond shaped design is very plausible and efficient. The diamond design allows
for view on all sides and protection for what impact may be ensued. The structure that was
chosen for this option was made out of aluminum, which we decided would be the best materialnot only because it is extremely strong but also it is lightweight and a relatively inexpensive. For
insulation we chose Aerogel because it is an extremely good insulator and it is also a really
lightweight which helps us get under the 1.5 kg limit. The inside of our diamond will havemultiple instruments that will help us not only measure the albedo but also the pressure,
temperature, solar energy, taking pictures and a data recording device. For the albedo and solar
energy we will be using solar panels, and for the pressure we will be using and altimeter. Fortemperature we will have a thermometer and we will have 3 digital cameras so we can get anoverall view of what it really looks like around the balloon. The camera will be set on a timer to
take a picture every 10 seconds so we can pinpoint the type of energy bouncing off the earth. The
data collector will also be simultaneously recording the temperature, pressure, and solar radiationso we can determine the optimal height for flight, etc. And in addition we will coat the diamond
in gold foil because of its great reflective properties. (Figure 1)
MarksThis satellite will be constructed in line with the Demostat regulations. The basic shape
that was chosen for this design is a cube. An addition to the basic cube is the tube on the left sideof the satellite. It is designed to hold the motor that will change the angle of the solar panel,which is positioned at end of the tube. The solar panel doesnt need to be large, just big enough
to collect the data of the albedo power. There will be three different angles for the solar panel to
be set at. One would be to collect the direct solar radiation, the other. The two two inch holes onthe bottom of the device are for the cameras to be set in. The cameras are recessed into the cube
so that the fisheye lenses dont get damaged when the payload hits the ground. The fisheye
lenses are designed to help get an overall view of the surroundings. With the reuse of this device
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in mind everything need to be able to withstand the requirements of the fall. Something that was
included in the design of this satellite is a heater. This will be to make sure that the componentsstay at their respective operating temperatures. Another item that will be included in the design is
the data collection device. This will be connected to the camera, altimeter, solar panels, and the
motor. The batteries are also a crucial part of this device. We need to bring just enough power up
to the stratosphere as we need. It would be optimal to use the power generated from the solarpanels to power the computer and the motor, but without knowing the exact amount of power
that the solar panels can generate, we cant depend on them as a source of energy. The motor will
need to be able to communicate the angle that the solar panel is pointed at so we can knowwhether we are collecting direct solar radiation or albedo. The auto leveling system is designed
to keep the device level with the ground at all times. In consists of a metal ball that in encased
with another metal surface. These two metal surfaces would be very low friction so that thepayload could swivel easily. This system is the most complicated system of the satellite. This is
our second design option which measures the white and black sky albedo as well as the direct
solar radiation. (Figure 2)
IansIn one of our proposed designs, our measurement device would be efficient in finding out
exactly how much solar radiation comes off from the albedo, both black sky and white sky. The
proposed shape of the entire device is a cube with chamfered edges between the sides so that
there is at least some aerodynamic shape to the casing. We do not have to worry too much aboutaerodynamics as our device will most likely be underneath other devices in the chain and will
definitely be underneath the balloon which the device chain will draft behind. Our solar panels
will be located on the lower and upper chamfered edges so we do not have to take in to account
blockage from the other devices that are below and above ours on the device chain. These will be
connected to the National Instruments (NI) Single Board RIO measurement device that isconfigured to measure amps running through the photovoltaic cells in the panels. The
photovoltaic cells will be measuring the black sky, white sky, and direct solar radiation. Ofcourse, the NI device will be located in the center of the case in a foam (or other impact resistant
material) envelope to keep the device from being damaged from impact with the sidewalls of the
case and to raise the insulative R value. This proposed design would also include a barometerconnected to the NI device to measure the altitude of the apparatus. This way we would be able
to correlate height of device vs. amount of solar radiation harvestable. Alternatively, we couldinclude a radio altimeter to correlate the two variables. The decisive factors in that issue will be
weight, size, and/or cost of each item. On the bottom of the payload, we will include a camera
that would take a picture of what we are measuring with the solar panels. In order to workaround the fact that there will most likely be a payload underneath ours, we will attach a fish-eye
lens onto our camera to get a 360 view of what we are measuring. These photos will be of use
when the data is being observed after the flight. It will help researchers identify spikes or troughs
or other phenomena in the height vs. solar radiation harvestable graph. We will program ourcamera and our NI device to take one picture/record data every 10 seconds to save battery and
memory. In order for our payload not to swing about during the flight (so our data doesnt have
to take into account changing angles with the earth), we will ideally have gyroscopes attached toour casing. These will act in the same way as a bike wheel keeps a bike up straight while
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spinning. The reason why there would be two is to assist the gyroscopes and help eliminate any
possibility of rotation around any axis. These two gyroscopes will spin in opposite directions sothat the device as a whole does not rotate around the Dacron cord. As a final consideration about
the temperature inside the casing, our casing walls will be lined on the inside with a similar foam
(lighter and with a higher insulative R value) and the outside will be coated with light gold foil to
reflect the heat back inside the device so it keeps its heat. (Figure 3)
Final Design
In the end, 0.7mm chose Taylors design as the final project design based on a lot of
reasons. The decision was based on feasibility. It will be the easiest to make, and will be veryeffective. Ians design was the best overall design but had too much that could go wrong with it
and it possibly would have been too much weight. His gyroscope was a great idea but that also
was one of the variables that could have been thrown off, because the motors could be spinning
at different speeds or the motors might just stop working. Ians design is too complicated for
what we are provided yet it is still a good and fascinating option. (Table 1)Marks design had potential but lacked certain necessities. For example, he proposed only
one solar panel, which would have made it very difficult to measure the albedo and the solarenergy. If we added another panel it could have thrown off the weight balance because the
weight is distributed so that the single solar panel can be detached from the box and rotate
according to certain measurements.Taylors design is fairly simple and the most feasible. It does not require many
components to keep it from falling off balance and it gets the job done over and beyond. The
type of information that will be gathered from this idea will exceed all expectations because ofits ability to measure so many different factors and it can take photos on three sides. It is
expected to also provide the most detail. The only drawback to this design is the expense. It willbe extremely costly to provide the Aerogel for the entire design but it is an expense we are
willing to spare.
Project Schedule
We are now in the critical phase of our project. This phase includes the definition ofsubsystem in which each team member will pick a subsystem of the project and describe the
system in great detail and work the logistics of that subsystem with the rest of the device (week
of Nov. 10). We will also be developing specifications in the critical phase. This will includedeveloping how each subsystem will actually fit together. The dimensions of the satellite will
also be determined during this stage(weeks of October 12th
19th
, 26th
). Analyzing feasibility is
another step in the critical phase. That includes determining if the project that has been designedis a possible and realistic solution to the problem (week of Nov. 3
rd). The subsystem analysis is
the next step and includes determining if the subsystems need to be changed to work better
together (week of Nov. 10th
). The next step is to develop a marketing stratagem. This will consist
of deciding how to propose and present the project to the client (week of Nov. 24th
). Preparingand executing the design plan, which is the next step, consists of putting together all the
subsystems and making the model of the design (weeks of Dec 8th
and 15th
). The final stage of
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our project will be the report and exhibition. This step includes presenting the project to the
client (week of the 15th
). We expect to complete our task by (week of the 15th). (Table 2)
Summary
This team is ecstatic to work on this project to better our understanding of albedo absorption and to
witness the applications of such knowledge in the near future. Thank you greatly for the opportunity toadvance our knowledge in the pursuit of better and stronger solar power.We feel very grateful to have thisopportunity to work for you and would like to take this time to ask your approval to proceed with our plan to
design and provide for you a representative model. Thank you so much for your time. We cannot wait to
begin working on this fascinating project.
Sincerely,
Jake Reece, Team Liaison
Team Point Seven Millimeters
[email protected](719) 287-2704
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Citations
Popa, Adrian. "Re: Why was gold colored foil on lunar landing
equipment?." madsci.org. 05 Jul 2001. madsci.org, Web. 15 Oct 2009..
Brain, Marshall. "How Gyroscopes Work."HowStu ffWorks. HowStuffWorks, Inc.,Web. 15 Oct 2009.
.
"NASA JPL Stardust." Aerogel . 01 Mar 2005. NASA, Web. 12 Oct 2009.
.
Hughes, C., M. Glavin, E. Jones, and P. Denny. "Wide-angle camera technology for
automotive applications: a review." Aut omotive Fish-Eye Lens. 04 Jul 2008. IET
Intelligent Transport Systems, Web. 15 Oct 2009..
"Barometer."HowStu ff Works. HowStuffWorks, Inc., Web. 12 Oct 2009..
"Aerogel." United Nuclear Scientific Equipment and Supplies. 2009. 2009 United
Nuc lear Scient ifi c LLC., Web. 12 Oc t 2009.
.
"NI Single-Board RIO Embedded Systems." National Instrument. 2009. NationalInstruments Corporation, Web. 12 Oct 2009.
.
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Table 1
Design Cost Effectiveness Ease of Use Durability Feasability Overall
Ian 4 7 4 7 5 27
Taylor 1 8 8 6 9 32
Mark 3 7 3 4 4 21
Scale 1-worst 10-best
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Table 2
Project Schedule
Project: High Altitude Albedo Measurements
Number: 3
Month: October November December
Week of: 12th 19th 26th 3rd 10th 17th 24th 1st 8th 15th
WEEK # 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Prepare project plan ~ ~
Critical Phase
Define subsystems ~ ~
Develop specs/gather data ~ ~ ~
Analyze feasability ~
Subsystem analysis memo ~
Integrate subsystems ~
Develop marketing strategy ~
Prepare design plan ~
Final report ~
Final exhibition ~