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EPA’s Safer Choice ProgramBridget Williams & Randy Yakal
February 13, 2018
Introduction to the Safer Choice program
Appeal of the label
Safer Choice-certified products
Product review process
Safer Choice Standard
Ingredient criteria & review
Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL)
CleanGredients®
Outline
2Safer Choice Program
A voluntary EPA ecolabel program that draws on EPA expertise to evaluate the potential hazards of ingredients in chemical-based products
Focus on safer chemical ingredients− With provisions for performance, packaging, and ingredient disclosure
Verifies and reviews all ingredients up the supply chain
Encourages green chemistry− chemical manufacturers− product manufacturers− retailers− consumers & purchasers
Safer Choice Program
3Safer Choice Program
What does the Safer Choice label mean?
4Safer Choice Program
Verification by a trusted government agency that products contain only chemical ingredients meeting Safer Choice criteria, and in so doing they:− Are safer for families, pets, communities, and the
environment− Are safer for workers and work places− Perform
An appealing label that customers can trust− Facilitates rapid decision-making
Market Demand for the Safer Choice Label
• Consumer Reports (May 2015):– Consumer Reports dedicated a
full page to the Safer Choice label, explaining “why we like the label”
• Survey by a Leading Retailer:– Majority of consumers
responded that the new label would be a compelling reason to try a product
Safer Choice Program 5
35% of consumers say they have seen the Safer Choice label on store shelves.
Survey of 2,000+ U.S. Adults
Safer Choice Program 6
76% of consumers…− 83% of parents... − 86% of millennials…
responded that they would use the Safer Choice label to inform purchasing decisions.
76% are likely to use the label to help make purchase decisions
www.epa.gov/saferchoice/products
About 2,000 certified products from 500 partners• ~ 700 Retail
• >1,300 Industrial & Institutional
Safer Choice-certified Products
Safer Choice Program 7
Facility/Household Cleaning− All-Purpose Cleaners, Appliance
Cleaners & Rinse Aids− Automatic Dishwasher Products− Carpet Cleaners & Floor Care
Products− Degreasers− Dish Detergents & Soaps− Granite/Stone/Wood/Leather Cleaners− Kitchen/Countertop Cleaners− Laundry Detergents, Fabric Softeners
& Pre-Treaters− Toilet Bowl Cleaners− Tub/Tile Cleaners− Window/Glass Cleaners
Health & Beauty− Hand Soaps
Automotive & Outdoor− Aircraft Cleaning Products− Athletic Field Paint− Car Care Products− Deicers− Dust Control Products− HVAC Maintenance− Marine/RV Cleaners− Outdoor Furniture Cleaners− Parts Washers
Pet Care Products− Pet Shampoos− Carpet Cleaners− Laundry Products− Odor Removers
Safer Choice Product Types
8Safer Choice Program
Safer Choice Product Review Process
9Safer Choice Program
To use the label products must:
Meet the Safer Choice Standard− Every chemical ingredient is reviewed for human health and
environmental safety− Product level requirements include: performance, packaging,
and ingredient disclosure
Be covered under a Partnership Agreement between the manufacturer and EPA − Renewed every 3 years
Undergo annual audits
The Standard Behind the Safer Choice Label
10Safer Choice Program
http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/standard
Partnership Agreement (renewed every 3 years) Annual audits
Ingredient disclosure Performance testing VOCs, pH, & synergistic effects Packaging
Master & Functional Class Criteria
Safer Choice Standard
Requirements products must meet to earn the Safer Choice label:
ProductLevel
CompanyLevel
Ingredient Level
http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/standard
11Safer Choice Program
Functional-class criteria− Chelating and sequestering agents− Colorants, polymers, preservatives, and related chemicals− Enzymes and enzyme stabilizers− Fragrances− Oxidants and oxidant stabilizers− Processing aids and additives− Solvents− Surfactants
Master criteria− www.epa.gov/saferchoice/safer-choice-master-criteria-safer-chemical-ingredients
Ingredient-Level Criteria
12Safer Choice Program
Every chemical is evaluated per ingredient class criteria (colorants, surfactants, etc.) No de minimis for added ingredients
Impurities, residuals, preservatives, & stabilizers are all considered
Every material, including fragrance material, must be disclosed and meet criteria
Ingredient-Level Criteria
13Safer Choice Program
A Safer Choice toxicological profile for a single chemical ingredient includes data on:
Ingredient Review Process
14Safer Choice Program
• Carcinogenicity• Mutagenicity• Reproductive &
developmental toxicity
• Neurotoxicity• Repeated dose
toxicity• Skin irritation
Human Health Effects
• Persistence
• Bioaccumulation
• Degradation products
• Eutrophication
• Aquatic toxicity
Environmental Fate & Toxicity
Physical-chemical properties
Toxicity information on required endpoints
Steps for data retrieval and estimation:
1. Full literature review including toxicology and chemistry studies
2. Identification of analogs, metabolites, and potential degradation products
3. When experimental data is not available for a chemical: Model predictions: EPA’s EPISuite, ECOSAR, & OncoLogic Read across from analog chemicals
Modeling information can be found at: https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-futures
Ingredient Review Process (cont.)
15Safer Choice Program
For acute mammalian toxicity, data must demonstrate that chemical toxicity thresholds are above cutoff values
Acute Mammalian Toxicity Criteria Example
16Safer Choice Program
Safer Choice Environmental Criteria Example
17Safer Choice Program
Going beyond lists
2-Butoxyethanol Frequently included in lists of
solvents of concern− Cal/OSHA Hazardous
Substances List Human health concerns
include hemolysis leading to toxicity in kidney, spleen and liver.
Not allowed in Safer Choice-certified products
2-Propoxyethanol Not widely recognized as a
solvent of concern− Not on Cal/OSHA Hazardous
Substances List Similar human health concerns
including hemolysis leading to toxicity in kidney, spleen and liver.
Not allowed in Safer Choice-certified products
18Safer Choice Program
www.epa.gov/saferchoice/safer-ingredients
Living list of 900+ safer chemicals, arranged by functional use, that meet EPA’s Safer Chemical Criteria
Continually expanding by ~100 chemicals/year Uses
− Research whether proposed formulations might be eligible for Safer Choice
− Sustainable chemistry measure for products not carrying the Safer Choice label
− Highlight innovation and meet demand for safer chemicals− SCIL can be a source of low-priority substances under TSCA
Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL)
19Safer Choice Program
918 chemicals & 987 listings on SCIL as of October 2017
Safer Chemical Ingredients List(SCIL) (cont).
20
By functional ingredient classes:-Antimicrobial Actives (7)-Chelating Agents (22)-Colorants (44)-Defoamers (12)-Emollients (26)-Enzymes & Enzyme Stabilizers (30)
-Fragrances (152)-Oxidant & Oxidant Stabilizers (19)
-Polymers (59)-Preservatives & Antioxidants (34)-Processing Aids & Additives (149)-Skin Conditioning Agents (46)-Solvents (67)-Specialized Industrial Chemicals (14)-Surfactants (282)-Uncategorized (24)
Safer Choice Program
Safer Choice Program 21
Safer Chemical Ingredients List Color Codes
22Safer Choice Program
Green circle - low hazard based on experimental or modeled data.
Green half-circle - expected to be of low hazard based on experimental or modeled data. Additional data would strengthen our confidence in the chemical’s status
Yellow triangle - met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient class, but has some hazard profile issues.
23Safer Choice Program
How to List on SCIL
24Safer Choice Program
www.epa.gov/saferchoice/how-list-chemical-safer-chemical-ingredients-list
www.cleangredients.org Database of proprietary ingredients that meet
Safer Choice criteria Marketing tool for chemical suppliers –
ingredients are listed by trade name CleanGredients reviews include consideration of
preservatives, residuals, and specific composition requirements (e.g., EO/PO ratio for surfactants)
GreenBlue’s CleanGredients®
25Safer Choice Program
Bridget Williams
(202) 564-8558
Randy Yakal
(202) 564-4127
www.epa.gov/saferchoice
Contact Information
26Safer Choice Program
ACS Green Chemistry Student Chapters Activity
“Formulate your own hand soap using the Safer Choice Criteria”
Introduction: Cleaning products are everywhere and are used multiple times a day. Whether it’s washing your hands, cleaning dishes, washing clothes, or disinfecting surfaces, we interact with them on a daily basis. But what are the ingredients that make cleaning possible? Have you ever taken the time to look at the label on the back of the container? Chances are you haven’t. If you have, do you understand everything that is written and know the function of every chemical ingredient that makes up the composition of liquid hand soap? As future chemists, possibly in the personal care industry, you will be responsible for understanding the functions and uses of chemical ingredients. These chemical ingredients will be the building blocks for the products you will help to formulate. So, wouldn’t you want to know if there any chemicals you should avoid using? Green Chemistry is important in the design of future innovations and technologies because its principles offer a way to create new products (i.e. household soap/cleaners) that minimize risk while still offering superior performance and lower costs. More specifically, one can use Green Chemistry thinking to reduce the risk of adverse human and environmental health effects in next generation household cleaners by purposely reducing the hazards associated with products and processes. Green Chemistry offers a competitive advantage by facilitating the development of less hazardous products at the design phase!
After participating in the Safer Choice Webinar, you now are aware that some of the ingredients found in the cleaning products you use might have potential adverse effects to human and environmental health. YIKES! However, through the efforts of EPA Safer Choice Program, there are methods and resources to identify better alternatives that eliminate the possibility of future adverse effects. For this student chapter activity, you will be putting your Green Chemists hats on to investigate and research better alternatives for cleaning products! Activity #1: Formulate a Safer Choice Consumer Product As a student chapter, you will apply the information you learned in the Safer Choice webinar and creatively attempt to formulate your own liquid hand soap based upon the Safer Choice Ingredient List. Utilize the list to develop a formulation that would meet the Safer Choice Standard. At a basic level, liquid hand soap formulations can be narrowed down to the following ingredients:
1. Water 2. Surfactants & Emulsifiers 3. Colorants/dyes 4. Fragrances 5. Skin Conditioning Agents 6. Antimicrobial additives
Using this as a mere guideline, use all available resources at EPA Safer Choice and develop a formulation label for a hand soap with the type of ingredients that SHOULD be in cleaning products. All Safer Choice certified products facilitate a more transparent labelling system by providing the 1) Ingredient names 2) CAS # 3) Functions of each ingredient (ex. Surfactant). Go to your local grocery store and take pictures of product labels for certified Safer Choice cleaners. Then as a student chapter, create an effective and elaborate formulation label for YOUR proposed liquid hand soap. Remember, the more creative the better!
However, this wouldn’t be a Green Chemistry activity if we didn’t try to better understand the hazards associated with specific ingredients found in hand soaps. So…each student chapter will perform a comparison study of your proposed Safer Choice hand soap vs. a non‐certified Safer Choice hand soap (Hint: When searching for Safer Choice labels at the grocery store, find a non‐certified Safer Choice product and use it for this comparison study) . Look at all ingredients listed in each formulation and retrieve all obtainable SDS. From the SDS, identify all the corresponding GHS hazards and record them. A description of GHS pictograms and hazards can be found at the end of the document. Once all GHS hazards have been identified and listed, compare the results and conclude why YOUR Safer Choice formulation is better. Below is an example of a template to perform and analyze your results.
“Name of Product”
Ingredient Name CAS Function Hazards Category (physical, human, or, environmental)
Activity #2: Be an Advocate for Safer Choice! With new information on what type of products SHOULD be in your hand soaps, take the initiative to research what type of ingredients are used in the hand soaps at your university, laboratories, and department restrooms. Then create flyers that discuss the added benefits of Safer Choice products and advertise potential safer choices around your chemistry department (with permission from chemistry department head).
Submitting your Work ACS Student Chapters: For this event to qualify as one of your green chemistry activities at least six people must view the webinar and participate in this activity. Please submit Activities 1 & 2 along with your attendee list in your Chemistry Student Chapter Report at the end of the year!
Supplemental Information: GHS Pictograms and Hazards
Table from: http://ehs.ucsf.edu/hazard‐communication‐standard