기출 어법의 계보학–´법 발견의 논리 (2016... · Point 012 조동사의 과거형 75 Point 013 used to V 77 Point 014 암기할 조동사 79 Point 015 가정법 기본

ix

기출 어법의 계보학

2016 학년도

평가원 6월 (76%) 평가원 9월 11월 수능

주격관계사 who

형용사 / 부사

동사와 준동사

대명사 it

비교급 than

2015 학년도

평가원 6월 (78%) 평가원 9월 (60%) 11월 수능 (57%)

주격관계사 that 동사와 준동사 동사의 시제

동사의 단복수 동사의 능동 수동 형용사 / 부사

후치 형용사 alike 대명사 it / them 동사와 준동사

동사의 능동 수동 관계부사 where

전치사 + 동명사 동사의 단복수

2014 학년도 (B형)

평가원 6월 (55%) 평가원 9월 (43%) 11월 수능 (67%)

현재분사 과거분사 관계사의 선택 관계사 that

which / that 동사와 준동사 동사와 준동사

동사의 능동 수동 동사의 단복수 to 부정사

평행구조 형용사 / 부사

접속부사 so 분사구문

x

2013 학년도

평가원 6월 (58%) 평가원 9월 (37%) 11월 수능 (37%)

대명사 it / that many / much 동사와 준동사

동사의 단복수 동사와 준동사 however / whatever

관계사의 선택 분사구문 동사의 능동 수동

평가원6월 (40%) 평가원 9월 (76%) 11월 수능 (37%)

조동사 전치사 + 관계사 동사의 단복수

almost / most 대명사 ones other

긍정문 any 전치사 + 동명사 관계사의 선택

5형식구조 접속사 that 동명사

that / what 동사의 단복수 형용사 / 부사

2012 학년도

평가원 6월 (49%) 평가원 9월 (48%) 11월 수능 (66%)

what / that 형용사 / 부사 동사와 준동사

평행구조 관계대명사의 격 what / where

분사구문 동사와 준동사 even / very

평가원6월 (55%) 평가원 9월 (51%) 11월 수능 (43%)

명사절 단복수 현재 / 과거분사 동사의 단복수

수동태 the way 관계사 대명사 its

to 부정사 사역동사 + O +

원형부정사

to 부정사

형용사 / 부사 동사의 단복수 분사구문

동명사 주어 분사구문 강조의 do

출제자의 영혼

출제자의 영혼을 훔쳐라!!!

평가원20150641 문법적 판단력

001.

If you were made to sit at the table until you had cleaned your plate, you are

not alone: most of the adult population have suffered this at some point ― at

school if not at home.

[2000SN]

002.

다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 자연스럽지 못한

것은?

At the zoo, Simba the lion was very sick. The animal doctor came and

tried giving him some red meat ① full of medicine. Poor Simba did not even

raise his head. Finally, Simba ② stopped to breathe. The doctor said, ③

with tears in his eyes, “I regret to tell you that Simba is dead.” The little

children ④ were very shocked to hear it. “I feel like I've lost an old friend. I

can remember ⑤ reporting Simba's birth,” said a reporter.

12

75% 평가원20150628

003.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

An independent artist is probably the one ① who lives closest to an

unbounded creative situation. Many artists have considerable freedom

from external requirements about what to do, how to do it, when to do it,

and why. At the same time, however, we know that artists usually limit

themselves quite ② forcefully by choice of material and form of

expression. To make the choice to express a feeling by carving a specific

form from a rock, without the use of high technology or colors, ③

restricting the artist significantly. Such choices are not made to limit

creativity, but rather to cultivate ④ it. When everything is possible,

creativity has no tension. Creativity is strange in that it finds its way in any

kind of situation, no matter how restricted, just as the same amount of

water flows faster and stronger through a narrow strait ⑤ than across the

open sea. *strait: 해협

개념편 목차

Point 001 동사와 준동사 47

Point 002 주어의 발견 1 51

Point 003 주어의 발견 2 (명사의 확장) (명사구) 53

Point 004 주어의 발견 3 (명사절) 57

Point 005 동사의 시제 1 (현재완료와 과거) 61

Point 006 동사의 시제 2 (과거완료, 미래완료) 63

Point 007 동사의 시제 3 65

Point 008 능동과 수동 67

Point 009 수동태 함정 69

Point 010 명사절 수동태 71

Point 011 조동사의 기본 73

Point 012 조동사의 과거형 75

Point 013 used to V 77

Point 014 암기할 조동사 79

Point 015 가정법 기본 81

Point 016 가정법 응용 83

Point 017 가정법 현재 85

Point 018 접속사의 선택 89

Point 019 관계사의 선택 91

Point 020 의문사의 선택 95

Point 021 접속사와 관계사 생략 99

Point 022 관계사의 수일치 1 103

Point 023 관계사의 수일치 2 107

Point 024 단복수의 선택 1 109



Point 027 준동사의 동사적 성격 117

Point 028 부정사의 함정 123

Point 029 현재분사와 과거분사 125

Point 030 부정사와 동명사 129

14

Point 031 to + 동명사 131

Point 032 분사구문 133

Point 033 분사구문의 변형 1 135

Point 034 분사구문의 변형 2 137

Point 035 준동사의 선택 (부정사, 동명사, 분사) 139

Point 036 구와 절의 선택 141

Point 037 평행구조 143

Point 038 평행구조의 응용 145

Point 039 간접의문문의 어순 147

Point 040 대명사의 선행의 원칙 149

Point 041 조심해야 할 어순 151

Point 042 5형식 출제 포인트 1 153




Point 046 혼동하기 쉬운 동사 1 163

Point 047 혼동하기 쉬운 동사 2 167

Point 048 대명사의 선택 1 169

Point 049 대명사의 선택 2 173

Point 050 It / There 의 선택 175

Point 051 형용사의 선택 1 177

Point 052 형용사의 선택 2 179

Point 053 형용사냐 전치사냐 180

Point 054 형용사와 부사의 선택 1 181

Point 055 형용사와 부사의 선택 2 183

Point 056 접속사와 전치사의 선택 185

Point 057 품사의 선택 187

Point 058 that의 다양성 193

Point 059 전치사구의 확장 195

Point 060 전치사의 선택 197

Point 061 단어의 선택 199

원리편

16

1

원리편

어법, 발견의 논리

어법, 발견의 논리 그 시작

Key points

• 어법 문제는 수능의 심장이다.

• 어법 문제에 대한 자신감이 붙으면 불필요한 시간 낭비를

절대적으로 줄일 수 있다.

• 수능어법 문제는 Structure 와 Written Expression의

관점에서 출제된다.

• 동사를 찾고, 문장구조만 파악할 줄 알면 답이 보인다.

• 5대 출제 Point와 기출문제를 통해서 출제의도는 반드시

보인다

<어법 : 발견의 논리>로 무장하라!!!

17

Point 001 긴 문장 호흡하기

동사

1. 서술동사, 본동사, 정형동사 (main verb, lexical verb)

2. 조동사 (auxiliary verb)

3. 화법 조동사 (modal auxiliary; modal (auxiliary) (verb))

4. 준동사 : 부정사, 동명사, 분사 (non-finite verb : 비정형동사)

5. 준조동사 (modal expression)1

6. 연쇄동사 (catenative verb)2

동사 확장의 공식

1. 조동사 + 동사원형

2. be + 분사 (진행형과 수동태)

3. have + p.p. (완료형)

4. make, have, let, go, come + 동사원형

1 be about to, be able to, be bound to, be certain to, be due to, be likely

to/that, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be sure to 2 appear to, come to, fail to, get to, happen to, manage to, seem to, tend

to

U N I T 1 : 원리편

18

1. But persons who are daring in taking a wholehearted stand for truth

often achieve results that surpass their expectations. [2011SN]

2. At close range the rapid opening of the leaf fish’s large jaws enables it

to suck in the unfortunate individual very easily. [27SN]

3. The unusually dry weather so close to harvest is expected to reduce the

crop yield by almost 30 percent.

경찰대2015

4. Once inside a store, how you as a shopper move in and around a

store is not, really, up to you.

EBS2015IR2

5. With the evolution of more settled rural societies based on agriculture,

other characteristics, other traditions of form appropriate to the new

patterns of life, rapidly emerged.

동사 찾기

6. For actions taken which result in a ‘good’ state, a positive reinforcement

takes place; i.e. the probability of the same action being taken when the

robot is in the same situation in the future is increased.

동사 찾기

7. Forty-eight sets of human remains dating back some 7,000 years to the

Neolithic Age were excavated on Gadeok Island off Busan in 2011 — a

stunning archaeological find.3

3 2011년 부산 앞바다에 있는 가덕도에서 약 7,000년 전 신석기 시대로 거슬러 올라가는 사람의 유골

48구가 발굴되었는데 이것은 놀랄만한 고고학적 발견이다.


19

Tip. 동사찾을 때 조심할 점

1. Our agent in Hong Kong will ship merchandise.

2. The museum houses a massive collection of antique furniture.

3. In it, a miner who has been made unneeded heads south to Helsinki

and falls in love.

4. Seeing real live animals in a zoo is much more exciting that just

watching them on television.

5. She created a division of women's studies within the department of

history.

6. The new craft’s basic design emerged from computer models built with

help from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.

7. In laboratory experiments, people exposed to 110-decibel bursts of

noise experienced a decrease in their ability to solve problems.

8. For money orders we charge a 1 percent transaction fee on amounts up

to 1,000 dollars.

9. According to unofficial statistics, about one third of the world's

population own a computer in their homes.

10. Most helpful to the calm and peaceful atmosphere that the two-year-

old child needs but cannot produce for himself/herself is the presence of

comforting music, in almost any form.


20

EXERCISE 001

1. However, distance and language alone cannot explain Korea's lack of

appeal to tourists from North America and Europe.

2. Growing your own fruit frees you from having to rely on the small sort of

relatively inferior fruit available in the shops.

3. Ignorance of other languages and cultures handicaps the United States

in dealing with the rest of the world.

4. One of the best things you can do if you want to live a long time is to

make some lifestyle changes.

5. Thus, the ability to decide what to do in what order is an essential skill

to fulfill multiple social roles.

6. The constant comforting presence on the table of the same brand-name

sauce gives a familiar taste to everything.

7. Rarely is a computer more sensitive and accurate than a human in

managing the same geographical or environmental factors.


21

8. Instead of treating different patients that display similar symptoms with

the same drugs, doctors should identify root causes of disease to come up

with a personalized treatment.

9. The making of this requires the mutual agreement of two or more

persons or parties, one of them ordinarily making an offer and another

accepting.

10. Every element in an ecosystem depends on every other element,

even the so-called nonliving elements such as minerals, oxygen, and

sunlight.

11. This draws on a well-established notion that geographical centrality

makes a place more accessible, easing communication and

communication costs.

12. The process of alternately producing and relieving tension was what

made the activity stimulating.

13. To drive through virtually any American suburb today, where every

lawn steps right up to the street in a gesture of openness and welcoming,

is to see how completely such views have triumphed. (평가원201006)

14. Managers who want people to take a more team-based approach with

their people, for example, will almost certainly get better results by taking a

more team-based approach themselves rather than just by making a

speech on teamwork.


22

15. A woman who had been receiving treatment for cancer at a clinic on a

regular basis began to procrastinate about going in for periodic

examinations and care.

16. One way children try to get more pocket money is to tell their parents

that their friends get more than they do.

17. The "frogs in a well" syndrome, where humans, like frogs, pull down

any frog escaping from the well — the misery of all is better than the

escape of a few — is widespread.

18. Enclosed are flyers with information on volume-based garbage

haulers, recycling, and free composting facilities at the county.

19. What you need to do is think about how you can get from where you

are to where you want to be.

20. Using a scanning device called MRI detecting minor changes in blood

flow to different parts of the brain, they confirmed that men use mainly the

left brain for speech tasks while women use both left and right.

21. Spending your time imagining what would have been if you had

changed some little things in your life is counterproductive and leaves you

unhappy.


23

22. Globally, the share of dietary energy supplied by cereals appears to

have remained relatively stable over time, representing about 50 percent

of dietary energy supply.

23. The roles they play and the nature of their relationship with their

children and grandchildren appear to depend in part on several factors.

24. At best, restorers' and museum directors' aesthetic preference and

historical theories drive restorations, for it is impossible to step outside

one's historical context.

25. In one study in 1959 by Dr. J. C. Wright who was then in charge of

cancer research at Bellevue Medical Center in New York, 15 terminal

cancer patients were given instructions to spend as much time as possible

out of doors during the warmer months.

26. Even for the best companies and most accomplished professionals,

long track records of success are punctuated by slips, slides, and mini-

turnarounds.

27. Only after some time and struggle does the student [begin / begins] to

develop the insights and intuitions that enable him to see the centrality and

relevance of this mode of thinking.


24

28. People with a gene that inactivates pain axons suffer repeated injuries

and generally fail to learn to avoid dangers. *axon 축색돌기

29. The potential impact on designated areas of renewable energy

projects close to the boundaries will be a material consideration to be

taken into account in determining planning applications.

30. One reason most dogs are much happier than most people is that

dogs aren’t affected by external circumstances the way we are.

31. It appears that measures that protect drivers from the consequences

of bad driving encourage bad driving.

32. Probably the best way in which to come to a definite conclusion as to

the importance of soup is to consider the purposes it serves in a meal.

33. Efforts to assist him in his struggles, while well intentioned, may divert

him from seeking and eventually finding the solution that will serve him

best.

34. An angler fish that dangles a worm-like bit of skin in front of a small

fish and catches it because the smaller fish snaps at the ‘worm’ can

certainly be said to have carried out a successful manipulation of its prey


25

35. Opportunities to charge visitors for appropriate services to help offset

these costs, or to upgrade old or provide new facilities, are being

considered as one solution.

36. Behind virtually all criticism is the sentence “If only you were more like

me, and living life as I see it, you would be a lot better off.”

37. Efforts to assist him in his struggles, while well intentioned, may divert

him from seeking and eventually finding the solution that will serve him

best.


26


27

Point 002 긴 문장 호흡하기

1. This idea was developed by Bertolt Brecht with his ‘epic theater,’ which

used alienation as a strategy to prevent the identification of the public with

the figures of the drama.

2. However, now that the economy is characterized more by the exchange

of information than by hard goods, geographical centrality has been

replaced by attempts to create a sense of cultural centrality.

3. Regardless of major, be sure your transcript includes a year each of

biology, chemistry and physics, as well as calculus, statistics, biochemistry

and English.4

4. Now, rather than going from the suburb to the central city to work, to

shop, to see a doctor, or to enjoy the movies, suburbanites can obtain the

same services by driving along the outer belt from one suburban

community to another.

5. Only when an individual has learned to listen closely with his or her

inner ear, to spiritually discern and translate all that is being said or

communicated, will he or she be able to uncover the ancient secrets to

success, prosperity, and happiness.

4 be sure to V / be sure of ~ing / be sure that S + V


28

EXERCISE 002

1. Some families wait until the kid has been accepted into the college

before traveling to see the school, as a means of saving money and not

investing emotional energy into a college that doesn't accept the child.

2. The goal of medicine as it is currently practiced is to develop

procedures and drugs that work equally well on all patients, regardless of

gender, age, or genetics.

3. Commercial growers put flavor fairly low on their list of priorities,

preferring to choose kinds that produce fruit which looks good, travels well

and has a long shelf-life.

4. What the psychologists discovered was that most of the people moved

far enough away from the post so that tossing the rings around it was

challenging but not so difficult as to be totally frustrating.

5. But psychologists have also warned that the aggressive child, by failing

to acquire appropriate social skills, runs the risk of being rejected by the

peer group and becoming an outcast.


29

6. Though some people have felt that only the lonely play with imaginary

playmates, our research makes it very evident that it is often the highly

superior and imaginative child who invents these creatures.

7. While the number of trips by car fell, the total delays caused by

congestion fell by much more, which suggests that the congestion charge

allowed the streets to be much more efficiently used.

8. To help understand each other, people infer the meanings behind all

these, which are not always easy since these cues may carry many

meanings or their meanings may be specific to a culture or group.

9. Most of you experience urges when trying to break a habit and these

can be hard to resist unless you find something else to do instead, and

best of all, something that uses the same part of the body ― even the

same muscles.

10. The reasons for this include the brilliant work he has done in his field,

as well as the fact that he continues to work while suffering from a physical

disability that has left him barely able to speak or move.


30

11. This results in a tension in the art world that is largely unresolved ―

the tension between art as a satisfying mode of expression and art as a

precious collectible object, between the experience of making and the

experience of owning.

12. Even though it may be annoying to have to lay a place at dinner or

keep an extra seat in the family automobile for his ‘friend’ who exists only

in your child’s imagination, it is probably well worthwhile.

13. Before it was emancipated as a field, economics lived happily within

subsets of philosophy—ethics, for example—miles away from today’s

concept of economics as a mathematical-allocative science that views

“soft sciences” with a scorn born from positivistic arrogance.

14. The second is because of a mistaken belief that the way business is

currently being conducted is the best way since it has always worked

before.

15. To show just how this process operates, two researchers, Moreland

and Beach, asked one female research assistant to attend a college class

fifteen times during the semester, a second assistant to attend ten times, a

third to attend five times, and a fourth assistant not to attend at all.


31

16. The principal also suspended the boys for a day, explaining to them

that even though she knew they were sorry and had not meant to cause

such harm, she believed suspension was necessary to signal to everyone

in the community the seriousness of the situation.

17. The Europeans said that they were perplexed that whenever they

attended a business meeting where a presentation was given by an

American businessperson, the Americans in attendance would shower the

speaker with congratulations for doing a brilliant job even if he or she was

merely delivering a rather standard talk about not very interesting things.

18. Passing it in one evening during a downpour, I recalled how, in the

intense heat of the summer, I had stretched out on the ground and let my

bare feet slip out of my shoes to caress the grass, and how this direct

contact with the earth had brought with it a sense of freedom, summer

breaking down the boundaries between indoors and out.


32

19. The speed with which computers tackle multiple tasks feeds the

illusion that everything happens at the same time, so comparing

computers to humans can be confusing.

20. Multitasking is about multiple tasks alternately sharing one resource

(the CPU), but in time the context was flipped and it became interpreted to

mean multiple tasks being done simultaneously by one resource (a

person).

21. When the daily average temperature is above the degree day base,

we assume that no heating is required that day, and regardless of how

warm the average temperature might be, we assume that there is no

carryover of stored heat.

22. Russell has been influenced by the view that modern science, and in

particular physics, has shown that the real world is far different from what

we suppose it to be in common sense and contains no such stable and

enduring objects as the naive realists suppose.


33

Point 003 어법, 발견의 논리

※ 이 단원에 수록된 연습문제는 종합적인 사고력과 판단력을 요구하고 있습니다. 따라서

발견의 논리 관점에서만 출제 포인트를 확인하고, 전체 강의가 끝난 후 문법적 판단력에

기반해서 풀어 보는게 더 좋은 학습전략이 될 수 있습니다.

Logic of Discovery

수능어법 5대 출제원리

1. 동사 판단 능력5

2. 접속사, 관계사, 의문사 판단 능력6

3. 준동사 판단 능력7

4. 형용사 / 부사 (품사) 판단 능력8

5. 대명사 판단 능력9

5 단복수 / 능동수동 / 시제 / 조동사 / 가정법 / 대동사 6 동사 — 1 = 접속사, 관계사, 의문사 숫자 7 의미상 주어, 목적어 / 능동수동 / 시제 / not, never, 부사수식 8 어순 (How + 형/부 + a + 명사 / What + a + 형 + 명) 9 성 / 수 / 격 / 재귀대명사


34

Point 003 어법, 발견의 논리

★★★

1. It should be written as soon as possible after it is given so the memory

of the instructions is fresh and you can capture all the detail you were

[providing / provided].

2. Beyond serving as a basic reference resource, this book also serves

readers with more focused needs. For researchers (interesting / interested

/ was interested) in comparing cultures, this work provides information that

can guide the selection of particular cultures for further study.

3. We judged by the sound [which / that] he was not above a quarter of a

mile from us, and that he was close to the side of the river.

4. Though some people have felt that only the lonely play with imaginary

playmates, our research makes it very (evident / evidently) that it is often

the highly superior and imaginative child who invents these creatures.

5. Siberian or Russian ginseng was described as the mystery herb taken

by Soviet athletes that allowed [them / themselves] to win the 1980

Olympics.

Documents

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