EOCT #250-End

Anti War Movement

• College campuses• End the draft• Bring troops home• Tactics: sit-ins, marches, burning draft cards,

refusing to serve

Women’s Movement• National Organization of Women NOW• Gloria Steinem• Equality in employment, political/social equality• 1982 Equal Rights Amendment failed by 3 states

United Farm Workers MovementCesar Chavez

• Unionized farm workers

Grape Boycott

• MLK/nonviolence• 3 weeks/35 pounds• Wages and benefits

Environmental Movement

• 1962 Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring– Water Quality Act

• 1970 nationwide celebration• 10,000 schools/2000 colleges participated

EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency

• 1970 created by Nixon• Limits pollution, conducts environmental

research, assists state and local government clean ups

Conservative Movement

• Republican Barry Goldwater– Ran against LBJ 1964– Platform: anti-Great Society programs and escalate

our role in Vietnam– Sell the TVA– Limit Social Security retirement benefits

Nixon’s New Federalism

• Republicans are Conservative– Limit federal powers over social welfare programs

and make them state responsibilities

1971 Nixon Visits China• Sought greater

scientific cultural and trade agreements

• Capitalize on China’s 10 year feud with the USSR

Nixon’s Watergate Scandal

• Attempt to cover up a burglary of the Democratic Party offices in the Watergate apartment complex

• Republicans spied on the Democrats for the 1972 elections

• 1972 Nixon won• 1974 Nixon resigned

Roe v. Wade

• Woman’s right to choose whether to have an abortion

• constitutional right to privacy

California v. Bakke

• Gave constitutional protection to affirmative action programs

• Schools can use race as one factor in admissions decisions but cannot use quotas

President Gerald Ford

• 2 years president never elected to be VP or President

• Pardoned Nixon• Ended Vietnam• Unemployment + inflation = recession

Carter Administration

• Camp David Accords• Iranian Revolution• Iranian Hostage Crisis

Camp David Accords

• Camp David Accords– Presidential retreat in MD– Brought together Egypt & Israel over Sinai

Peninsula– Gives Israel legitimacy from Muslim world

1978 Iranian Revolution

• Iranians replaced the Shah (king) “friendly” to the U.S. with a Muslim religious leader (Ayatollah) that was “unfriendly” to the U.S.

• U.S. accepts Shah for “medical treatment”

Iranian Hostage Crisis

• Iran’s angry over our acceptance of the Shah• 52 American captives/444 days• Released when Reagan was elected• Nurtured anti American sentiment throughout

the Middle East

Reagan Administration 80s

• Conservative-shrink size of government

• Reaganomics• Iran-Contra Scandal• Collapse of USSR

• Economic policy• Budget cuts, tax cuts, increase in defense

spending• Hurt lower income Americans• Led to recession

ReaganIran-Contra Scandal

• Sold weapons to Iran (our enemy)• Used money to fund Contra rebels in

Nicaragua who were trying to overthrow their government

End of the Cold War

• Collapse of Soviet Union: easing of Soviet controls over its citizens led to the secession of 14 Russian states

• Reunification of Germany “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

Bill Clinton

• Democrat• NAFTA• Impeachment

NAFTA

• North American Free Trade Agreement• U.S./Canada/Mexico• Lowered trade barriers

Clinton Impeachment

• Whitewater and Lewinski Scandal• Impeachment-perjury and obstruction of

Justice• Senate- “not guilty”

2000 Presidential ElectionBush v. Gore

• Popular vote-Gore• Electoral College vote-Bush• A minority of the population can control of majority

of the electoral votes : Get rid of electoral college???

George W. BushForeign Policy

• 9/11 al-Qaeda attack• Operation Enduring Freedom-Afghanistan/Taliban• War on Terrorism• Operation Iraqi Freedom-Iraq/WPD/Hussein

• Able to hold citizens suspected of being terrorists for up to seven days without being charged

• Increased ability to search private communications and personal records

Department of Homeland Security

• 15th cabinet position• Protects the U.S. from terrorist attacks and

responds to natural disasters

Operation Enduring Freedom

• U.S. response to 9/11-invade Afghanistan• Destroy Taliban, government that harbors al-

Qaeda leadership and Osama bin Laden• Killed May 2, 2011 in Pakistan

Operation Iraqi Freedom

• Search for WMDs, weapons of mass destruction that Saddam Hussein could supply to terrorists

• Overthrew Hussein• New Iraqi government convicted and executed

him in 2006 for crimes against humanity