EOC Vocabulary List

#1-62

1

This is an organism’s unique role in the

environment that includes the habitat, function, and activities of the organism.

1

Niche

2

This is a inter-species relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed.

2

Parasitism

3

This is a inter-species relationship in which one species benefits and the

other species is unaffected.

3

Commensalism

4

This is a inter-species relationship in which both species benefit.

4

Mutualism

5

This is an inter-species relationship in which one

species captures, kills, and consumes another

species for food.

5

Predation

6

This is any type of inter-species relationship in

which two species live in a close relationship with

each other.

6

Symbiosis

7

This principle states that no two species can share

the same niche in the same environment.

7

Competitive Exclusion

8

This is an organism that produces its own food using either sunlight

and/or specific chemicals.

8

Autotroph

9

This is an organism that cannot produce its own food through chemical

means.

9

Heterotroph

10

This is the process by which organisms obtain

energy in the form of ATP from carbohydrates.

10

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

11

This is the metabolic process that organisms

will go through if there is no oxygen available after

glycolysis.

11

Fermentation

12

This is the step of cellular respiration in which one

glucose molecule is decomposed in order to

produce pyruvate, ATP, and electron carriers.

12

Glycolysis

13

This is the step of cellular respiration that requires

oxygen in order to decompose pyruvate into carbon dioxide,

ATP, and electron carriers.

13

Krebs Cycle

14

This is the step of cellular respiration that requires

oxygen in order to produce the majority of the cells ATP using electron carriers and enzymes.

14

Electron Transport Chain

15

This is the process that uses sunlight, water, and

carbon dioxide in order to produce carbohydrates

and oxygen.

15

Photosynthesis

16

This is the step of photosynthesis that uses

sunlight in order to split water molecules, produce oxygen, and store energy in ATP and

electron carriers.

16

Light Dependent Reaction

17

This is the step of photosynthesis that uses carbon dioxide and the

chemical energy stored in ATP and electron carriers to

produce glucose.

17

Calvin Cycle

18

This is the green pigment that is responsible for absorbing sunlight in

order to make glucose.

18

Chlorophyll

19

This is the level of classification that is

determined by the ability of organisms to mate and produce fertile offspring.

19

Species

20

This is the shift of allele frequencies in a population over

generations of time.

20

Evolution

21

This is the mechanism of evolution that states that

certain variations of traits which provide a reproductive

advantage will become more frequent in the population.

21

Natural Selection

22

This is the type of selection in which one

organism chooses a mate based upon specific

phenotypes.

22

Sexual Selection

23

This is the type of selection in which both

extreme phenotypes are more beneficial than

intermediate phenotypes.

23

Disruptive Selection

24

This is the type of selection in which

intermediate phenotypes are more beneficial than the extreme phenotypes.

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Stabilizing Selection

25

This is the type of selection in which one particular phenotype is

more beneficial than the other phenotypes.

25

Directional Selection

26

This is the type of selection in which humans

choose mates for individual organisms based upon specific phenotypes.

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Artificial Selection

27

This is any inheritable trait that improves an organism’s ability to

survive and reproduce.

27

Adaptation

28

This is an organism’s relative position in a sequence of energy

transfers in a food chain or an energy pyramid.

28

Trophic Level

29

This is the amount of organic matter or living

tissue produced within an ecosystem.

29

Biomass

30

This is a type of growth rate in which the population continues to grow at a constant rate because resources are plentiful.

30

Exponential

31

This is a type of growth rate in which the population growth begins to slow and eventually

reaches an equilibrium with the environment because of limited

resources.

31

Logistic

32

This is the maximum number of individuals of

a species that the environment can support due to limited resources.

32

Carrying Capacity

33

This is the development of a climax community

that begins with bare soil. The primary species are

usually short grasses.

33

Secondary Succession

34

This is the development of a climax community that begins with bare

rock. The primary species are usually lichen.

34

Primary Succession

35

This is the level of organization that includes

all biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.

35

Ecosystem

36

This is the level of organization that includes

all biotic factors but no abiotic factors in the

environment.

36

Community

37

This is the level of organization that includes

similar ecosystems.

37

Biome

38

This is the level of organization that includes

all of the portions of Earth that can sustain life.

38

Biosphere

39

This is the level of organization that includes

all of the organisms of the same species in a

specified area.

39

Population

40

This is the level of organization that is

considered the smallest unit of life.

40

Cell

41

This organelle is responsible for producing

energy for a cell.

41

Mitochondria

42

This organelle is responsible for producing lipids and detoxification of poisonous materials.

42

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

43

This organelle is responsible for modifying proteins before they are

packaged for export.

43

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

44

This organelle is responsible for digestion

of large molecules.

44

Lysosome

45

This organelle is responsible for making

food through photosynthesis.

45

Chloroplast

46

This is the organelle responsible for

processing and packaging proteins prior to export.

46

Golgi Apparatus

47

This is the organelle responsible for protein

synthesis.

47

Ribosome

48

This is when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane in

order to release substances such as proteins into the

extracellular environment.

48

Exocytosis

49

This is when the cell membrane forms a vesicle

around fluid or solids in order to bring substances

into the cytoplasm.

49

Endocytosis

50

This type of cell does not have a nucleus or membrane bound

organelles.

50

Prokaryote

51

This type of cell has a nucleus and organelles

with membranes, such as the endoplasmic

reticulum.

51

Eukaryote

52

This type of eukaryotic cell does not have a cell

wall and are all heterotrophs.

52

Animal

53

This type of eukaryotic cell has a large central

vacuole and are all autotrophs.

53

Plant

54

All prokaryotes are ___.

54

Bacteria

55

This is the type of cellular transport that does not

use energy but requires a protein channel to cross

the cell membrane.

55

Facilitated Diffusion

56

This is the type of cellular transport that moves molecules against the

concentration gradient and requires the input of energy.

56

Active Transport

57

This is the diffusion of water across a

semipermeable membrane.

57

Osmosis

58

This is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low

concentration.

58

Diffusion

59

In this type of solution, a cell will gain mass and

swell because of osmosis.

59

Hypotonic

60

In this type of solution, a cell will shrink and lose

mass because of osmosis.

60

Hypertonic

61

In this type of solution, a cell will stay the same size and mass because it is at

equilibrium with the solution.

61

Isotonic

62

This is the amount of solutes per unit of solvent within any given solution.

62

Concentration