EOC Reviews #2

Goals: 4, 5, 6

Goal 4 The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor

Western Migration• PI & BS – constant conflict

trying to control• SCM – killed Natives

(mostly women and children)

• Fort Larm – tried to force to reservations

• SB – Refused reservations• B LBH – Custer’s Last Stand • B WK – Revenge for LBH

NA’s surrender• HHJ – wrote Century of

Dishonor (when we lied…)• As – act like us or move

West

Western Migration

• WWS – glamorized Cowboy life• HA – 160 acres of free land

after 5 years• Ex and Sod – AA’s moving out

W & where they lived• RR – Central Pacifc/Union Pac

– Chinese & Irish– Promontory Point Utah

• Morril Land Act – gave land for agricultural Schools

• OK – rush to get there sooner got best land

The Gilded Age

• Inventors– Thomas Edison

invented the light bulb– Alexander Graham

Bell invented the phone

– George Westinghouse – air brakes for RR

– Henry Bessemer – cheaper steal

– Christopher Scholes - typewriter

The Gilded Age• Captains of Industry

– Andrew Carnegie – Scottish immigrant who ran US Steel

– John Rockefeller – controlled Standard Oil used vertical and horizontal integration

– JP Morgan – leader in the finance industry

– Vanderbilts – Controlled the RR industry

– Drake – 1st to use a drill to look for oil

The Gilded AgeKey Principles

– Monopoly – company controls all aspects

– Trust – combination of companies under one big umbrella

– Vertical Integration – control up the supply line

– Horizontal Integration – buying out of your peers

– Gospel of Wealth – rich is responsible to help the poor

– Social Darwinism – the strongest survive

The Gilded AgeUrbanization

• Sweatshops – cities crowded, poor conditions

• Tenements – cheap housing for immigrants

• Settlement Home – helped urban poor

• Americanization movement – places like the Hull House to “Americanize” immigrants

• Trolleys – allowed for people to move away from job

• Elevators – allowed for skyscrapers

The Gilded AgeImmigration

• Old vs New Immigration• Horation Alger – author,

showed the American Dream• Melting Pot – belief that we

should blend all cultures together

• Ellis Island – gateway to America for Europeans

• Nativism – favoring native born over immigrants

• Chinese Exclusion Act – forbade Chinese immigrants

Taking on Business• Working conditions –

crowded unsafe conditions• Children forced to work• Trade Unions set up like –

Knights of Labor set up by Thomas Powderly

• Haymarket Affair – bomb thrown into crowd hurt labor

• American Federation of Labor – lead by Gompers largest union

• Eugene Debs – leader of labor – socialist…

• Great Strike of 1877 in RR

Taking on Business• Pullman Strike – people

unhappy about rules so they strike

• US Steel Strike – Carnegie steel plant strike

• Sherman Anti- Trust Act – outlawed monopolies but hard to enforce

• Pendleton Civil Service Act – required a test for govt. jobs

• Collective Bargaining – negotiating between owners and labor

Taking on Business

• Arbitration – ways to settle disputes with labor using a judge

• Strike – a labor tactic for workers to get better rights

• Yellow Dog Contract – people who sign this cannot join a union

Populist Movement• Farmers Alliance – a union for

farmers to protect their rights• Grange – 1st Farmers Union• WJB – Populist candidate for

President gave the Cross of Gold Speech

• Bimetallism – money should be backed by gold or silver

• Goldbug - $$ backed by gold only

• SB – method of voting • Ref – voting on issues• Recall – people get voted out

Politics in the Gilded Age

• PM – recruited people offered services in exchange for votes

• Corruption– Tammany Hall – stole money

from the people of NY– Credit Mobilier – RR company

lied to get more money from govt.– Whiskey Ring – Grant’s

administration unfair treatment of different whiskey distillers

– Thomas Nast – showed the public what was wrong through political cartoons

Imperialism

• Justification– Gold – Thirst for new

markets– God – Belief that we

were best Cultural Superiority

– Glory – Military benefits

Imperialism

• Alaska – William Seward purchases– Nicknamed Seward’s

Foley or Icebox

– Why – more land, close to Russia

• Hawaii – US overthrew King and Queen– Allowed for Sugar to be

imported

– Military base in Pacific

Cuba • Spanish controlled• Grew Sugar and we wanted it in the US• Jose Marti – leads a revolution and gets the US

involved• USS Maine – sent to pick up Americans but it

blew up!• Pulitzer and Hearst – practiced yellow journalism

to get us in the war• Teddy Roosevelt – lead a group known as Rough

Riders in the Spanish American War in Cuba• Platt Amendment – Cuba wins freedom but

limited because we add this to their constitution

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Treaty of Paris– Platt Amendment added to

Cuba

– Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines sold to US

• Philippines wins independence but we attempt to take them back over– Emilio Aquinaldo - leads the

revolt – costs us 400 million

China

• China was called “sick man of Asia”

• John Hay Issued the Open Door Notes so we could come into China

• Spheres of Influence – areas controlled by countries

• Boxer Rebellion – Chinese that attacked foreigners

Panama Canal

• We completed a passage way through country of Panama

• Tricked the government of Columbia to give us permission – Battleship Diplomacy

• Roosevelt Corollary – “Speak softly but carry a big stick”

US History Reviews Week 4Progressive Era

• Jane Addams – established the Hull House

• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory – showed how bad labor were treated

• Muckrackers• Ida M Tarbell – blew the

whistle on Standard Oil• Upton Sinclair – wrote The

Jungle• Lincoln Steffens – showed

the poverty in cities• Jacob Riis – showed poor

through photographs

US History Reviews Week 4Progressive Era

• Temperance Movt. – tried to get alcohol eliminated – ex. Carrie Nation

• Women’s Movt. – fought for the right to vote – 19th Amendment

• Ida B Wells – wrote to get anti-lynching laws

• Plessy v Ferguson - allowed for legalized segregation

• WEB DuBois – started the Niagra movement – immediate integrations

• Booker T – needed education to get equal rights

• NAACP – most influential civil rights organization (DuBois one of the founders)

US History Reviews Week 4Political Progressivism

• Roosevelt– Regulated strikes, started the

Square Deal– Conservatism – focused on

saving the environment– Progressive party – created

the Bull Moose party in 1912

• Taft– Broke up many trusts– Angered many by signing

Payne Aldrich (compromise)

• Wilson– Underwood Act – 1st major

reduction in tariffs– Federal Reserve System –

federal bank for banks