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Unit 2 Ecology 1. What are producers, consumers and decomposers? Make own food, eat producers or other consumers, break down dead pro and con2. What is the difference between mutualism, predation, parasitism, competition, and commensalism? Both benefit, one eats another, one benefit other harmed, competing for same resources, one benefited and other unaffected.3. How can limiting factors affect a population? Can cause some organisms to thrive while others become extinctUnit 3 Genetics4. What is DNA? Information for your inherited traits.5. What are chromosomes? Bundles of DNA6. What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype? Genes (letters), Physical apperiance.7. Create a Punnett Square for the following genotyped: BB, gg

8. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? How all cells divide and reproduce. How sex cells divide Unit 4 Evolution9. How are fossils used to explain evolution? Shows proof of common ancestors10. What is the Theory of Evolution? Over time a species will change and develop based on needs for survival.11. What would happen if a species could not adapt to its environment? It will become extinct.12. What is the difference between natural selection, artificial selection, and sexual selection? Environment affects who passes on genes, humans affect who passes on genes, mate affects who passes on genes.Unit 5 Geology

13. What are the layers of the Earth? Crust, Mantle (litho, astheno, meso), Core (outer, inner)14. Describe the three main rocks from the rock cycle. Igneous from cooled lava, Sedimentary from broken down rocks or even organisms, Metamorphic changed by heat and pressure.15. What is the Law of Superposition? Farther down you dig, older the rock gets.16. What are some ways scientists can determine how old the Earth is? Relative dating, law of superposition, fossils, geologic columns, absolute dating, radioactive decay, radiometric dating17. What is plate tectonics? Lithosphere broken into large pieces that are floating on top of the asthenosphere and causing changes to the Earths surface.18. Describe the three types of plate boundaries. Divergent moves away, Convergent comes together, transform slides past each other.19. What boundary would create mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes? Convergent

20. What boundary would create volcanoes and earthquakes? Divergent

21. What boundary would only create earthquakes? Transform

22. What do convection currents inside the mantle cause? Plate tectonics

Unit 6 Energy, Waves and Light

23. What would happen if heat is added to an object? Have more energy, change temperature, can eventually change state

24. If you put ice on a swollen ankle, would the ice be cooling down the ankle or would the ankle be warming up the ice? Ankle warming up the ice

25. What energy transfer are occurring when you turn on a flashlight? Chemical, electrical, light, heat26. What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state? Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

27. If two hot objects are placed inside cold water, what would eventually happen to the temperature of the water and the objects? They would become the same temperature

28. What are the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum? (think of the song) radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays.

29. What causes differences in colors? Different wavelengths

30. What is white light? All spectrums of light equally31. What is the difference between reflection, refraction, and absorption? Reflection bounces off, refraction bends light, absorption absorbs the light waves

32. Do waves move at different speeds through different materials? Yes, solids fastest, then liquids, then gases33. What is the difference between amplitude and frequency? Amplitude is how high up the wave travels from the resting point and frequency is how fast it is moving.

Unit 1 Nature of Science34. What is the difference between replication and repetition? Repetition is repeating yours over and over, replication is repeating anothers over and over.35. What is the difference between experiments, observation and research? Conducting an actual experiment usually in a lab, using senses to collect data, research work from other scientists work.36. What is the difference between test variable and outcome variable? Test (independent) is what you are changing and controlling, outcome (dependent) is the end result.37. How would a life scientist (like an ecologist) conduct scientific research differently from a physical scientist (like a chemist)? Eco would probably do field work to study chemist would work in the lab.38. Why is it important for scientists to keep data? To prove their findings39. Is developing scientific knowledge a quick or slow process? Slow because have to check and recheck data.40. How can scientific knowledge be changed? When new discoveries are made41. What is the difference between a theory and a law? Law is universally true, theory is an explanation of nature42. What are some of the good and bad things about using models? Gives representation so helps us to study. Not to scale43. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative? Quant is number data, Qual is written information data