EOC REVIEW QUESTIONSEOC REVIEW QUESTIONS

BiologyBiology

1.1. An abiotic factor affecting the behavior An abiotic factor affecting the behavior and survival of such organisms as robins and survival of such organisms as robins and violets is theand violets is the

A.A. population of rabbits population of rabbits

B.B. length of daylight length of daylight

C.C. presence of harmful bacteria presence of harmful bacteria

D.D. number of herbivoresnumber of herbivores

2.2. Which group in the food web represented in the Which group in the food web represented in the diagram would most likely have the greatest diagram would most likely have the greatest biomass?biomass?

A.A. corn and oats corn and oats

B.B. hawks and owls hawks and owls

C.C. mice and rats mice and rats

D.D. snakes and raccoonssnakes and raccoons

3.3. The diagram shows nutritional relationships The diagram shows nutritional relationships between organisms of various populations in a between organisms of various populations in a food web. Which organisms are classified as food web. Which organisms are classified as secondary consumers?secondary consumers?A.A. hawk, grasshopper, and mouse hawk, grasshopper, and mouse B.B. rabbit, mouse, and snake rabbit, mouse, and snake C.C. grasshopper, frog, and rabbit grasshopper, frog, and rabbit D.D. snake, hawk, and frogsnake, hawk, and frog

4.4. The diagram represents a food web. If this food The diagram represents a food web. If this food web is represented as a pyramid of biomass, the web is represented as a pyramid of biomass, the level of the pyramid with the level of the pyramid with the least least amount of amount of biomass would contain thebiomass would contain theA.A. grasshopper grasshopper B.B. grass grass C.C. mouse mouse D.D. hawkhawk

5.5. Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a limiting factor for the autotrophs in the limiting factor for the autotrophs in the ecosystem represented in the diagram?ecosystem represented in the diagram?

A.A. grasshopper grasshopper

B.B. light light

C.C. fish fish

D.D. hawkhawk

6.6. An biotic factor affecting the behavior and An biotic factor affecting the behavior and survival of such organisms as robins and survival of such organisms as robins and violets is theviolets is the

A.A. wind speed wind speed

B.B. length of daylight length of daylight

C.C. presence of water presence of water

D.D. number of herbivoresnumber of herbivores

7.7. For many decades, certain areas of New York For many decades, certain areas of New York State have remained as hardwood forests State have remained as hardwood forests containing predominantly oak and hickory trees.  containing predominantly oak and hickory trees.  These forested areas will most likely These forested areas will most likely

A.A. remain indefinitely and not be remain indefinitely and not be affected by environmental influences. affected by environmental influences.

B.B. reach maturity and change in the near reach maturity and change in the near future. future.

C.C. be destroyed by environmental be destroyed by environmental changes and never return to their changes and never return to their present forms. present forms.

D.D. continue in their present forms unless continue in their present forms unless affected by environmental factors.affected by environmental factors.

8.8. What are the abiotic factors represented in What are the abiotic factors represented in this illustration of an aquarium?this illustration of an aquarium?A.A. snail, gravel, and water snail, gravel, and water B.B. snail, fish, and plants snail, fish, and plants C.C. water, light, and gravel water, light, and gravel D.D. plants, light and waterplants, light and water

9.9. Which event illustrates the interaction of Which event illustrates the interaction of an abiotic factor with a biotic factor in the an abiotic factor with a biotic factor in the environment?environment?

A.A. The lamprey eel survives by The lamprey eel survives by parasitizing trout. parasitizing trout.

B.B. The temperature of water affects The temperature of water affects its oxygen level. its oxygen level.

C.C. The low light intensity of the The low light intensity of the forest affects the growth of pine forest affects the growth of pine trees. trees.

D.D. A gypsy moth caterpillar eats the A gypsy moth caterpillar eats the leaves of an apple tree.leaves of an apple tree.

10.10. Which nutritional term best describes Which nutritional term best describes the the following statement? Fish living deep following statement? Fish living deep in in the ocean obtain energy by eating the ocean obtain energy by eating animal animal remains that sink to the bottom remains that sink to the bottom from from upper water regions.upper water regions.

A.A. Scavenging Scavenging

B.B. Mutualism Mutualism

C.C. Parasitism Parasitism

D.D. SaprophytismSaprophytism

11.11. The graph provides information about the population of The graph provides information about the population of deer in a given area between 1900 and 1945.  Which deer in a given area between 1900 and 1945.  Which statement identifies the most likely reason that the statement identifies the most likely reason that the carrying capacity of the area to support deer decreased carrying capacity of the area to support deer decreased between 1925 and 1930?between 1925 and 1930?

A.A. The deer population decreased in 1926. The deer population decreased in 1926.

B.B. The number of predators increased between The number of predators increased between 1915 and 1925. 1915 and 1925.

C.C. The deer population became too large. The deer population became too large.

D.D. An unusually cold winter occurred in 1918.An unusually cold winter occurred in 1918.

12.12. If two different bird species in the If two different bird species in the same habitat require the same same habitat require the same

type type of nesting site, both species of nesting site, both species will will most likelymost likely

A.A. interbreed and share their interbreed and share their nesting sites nesting sites

B.B. compete for the nesting sites compete for the nesting sites

C.C. change their nesting site change their nesting site requirements requirements

D.D. use the nests of other bird use the nests of other bird speciesspecies

13.13. Select the term most closely Select the term most closely associated with the statement: associated with the statement: Certain fungi use dead organic Certain fungi use dead organic matter for food.matter for food.

A.A. mutualism mutualism

B.B. commensalism commensalism

C.C. parasitism parasitism

D.D. saprophytismsaprophytism

14.14. The chart shows the environmental functions that some The chart shows the environmental functions that some organisms perform in a stable ecosystem.  How would a organisms perform in a stable ecosystem.  How would a decrease in the number of organisms that perform these decrease in the number of organisms that perform these functions most likely affect the ecosystem?functions most likely affect the ecosystem?

A.A. The interactions between other organisms would The interactions between other organisms would stop immediately. stop immediately.

B.B. The functions carried out by these organisms The functions carried out by these organisms would no longer be necessary. would no longer be necessary.

C.C. The ecosystem would remain stable. The ecosystem would remain stable.

D.D. The ecosystem would become less stable.The ecosystem would become less stable.

15.15. The diagram shows the relationships between The diagram shows the relationships between

organisms in and around a pond.  One additional organisms in and around a pond.  One additional biotic biotic factor needed to make this a stable ecosystem is the factor needed to make this a stable ecosystem is the

presence ofpresence ofA.A. producers producers B.B. herbivores herbivores C.C. decomposers decomposers D.D. consumersconsumers

16.16. Young rabbits that eat grass are Young rabbits that eat grass are sometimes sometimes eaten by raccoons, which also eaten by raccoons, which also eat seeds eat seeds and berries. Bacteria help to and berries. Bacteria help to decompose the decompose the excretions of the raccoon. excretions of the raccoon. Which statement Which statement about these nutritional about these nutritional relationships is relationships is accurate?accurate?

A.A. Bacteria are scavengers. Bacteria are scavengers.

B.B. Rabbits are secondary consumers. Rabbits are secondary consumers.

C.C. Raccoons eat only producers. Raccoons eat only producers.

D.D. Raccoons are both primary and Raccoons are both primary and secondary consumers.secondary consumers.

17.17. In the diagram of the nitrogen cycle, letters In the diagram of the nitrogen cycle, letters AA through through EE represent organisms carrying on a process represent organisms carrying on a process at that at that particular point in the cycle. Letterparticular point in the cycle. Letter B B representsrepresents

A.A. scavengers scavengers

B.B. decomposers decomposers

C.C. autotrophs autotrophs

D.D. carnivorescarnivores

18.18. What is the major environmental What is the major environmental factor limiting the numbers of factor limiting the numbers of autotrophs at great depths in autotrophs at great depths in the ocean?the ocean?

A.A. type of seafloor type of seafloor

B.B. amount of light amount of light

C.C. availability of minerals availability of minerals

D.D. absence of biotic factorsabsence of biotic factors

19.19. Which statement best describes some organisms in Which statement best describes some organisms in the food web shown in the diagram?the food web shown in the diagram?A.A. Minnows and fish are primary consumers. Minnows and fish are primary consumers. B.B. Algae and floating plants are decomposers. Algae and floating plants are decomposers. C.C. Aquatic crustaceans are omnivores. Aquatic crustaceans are omnivores. D.D. Raccoons, fish, and ducks are secondary Raccoons, fish, and ducks are secondary

consumers.consumers.

20.20. The letters in the diagram represent the processes The letters in the diagram represent the processes involved in the water cycle. Which letter represents involved in the water cycle. Which letter represents

the the process of transpiration?process of transpiration?

A.A. A A

B.B. B B

C.C. C C

D.D. DD

21.21. Which term best describes the mosquito Which term best describes the mosquito larvae?larvae?A.A. producer producer B.B. parasite parasite C.C. carnivore carnivore D.D. consumerconsumer

22.22. The nitrogen cycle is most directly The nitrogen cycle is most directly dependent upon thedependent upon the

A.A. process of transpiration in process of transpiration in autotrophs autotrophs

B.B. ability of consumers to move from ability of consumers to move from place to place place to place

C.C. metabolic activities of soil bacteria metabolic activities of soil bacteria

D.D. evaporation of water from the evaporation of water from the Earth's surfaceEarth's surface

23.23. An ecosystem is represented in the diagram. An ecosystem is represented in the diagram. This This ecosystem will be self-sustaining ifecosystem will be self-sustaining if

A.A. the organisms labeled the organisms labeled AA outnumber the outnumber the organisms organisms labeled labeled B B

B.B. the organisms labeled the organisms labeled AA are equal in are equal in number to number to the organisms labeled the organisms labeled B B

C.C. the type of organisms represented by the type of organisms represented by BB are are eliminated eliminated

D.D. materials cycle between the organisms materials cycle between the organisms labeled labeled AA and the organisms labeled and the organisms labeled BB

24.24. In a pure culture, In a pure culture, Paramecium Paramecium caudatum caudatum grew and flourished. In a grew and flourished. In a mixed culture with mixed culture with P. aureliaP. aurelia, all , all P. P. caudatumcaudatum died within 16 days, while died within 16 days, while the the P. aurelia P. aurelia survived. This survived. This observation illustratesobservation illustrates

A.A. saprophytism saprophytism

B.B. gradualism gradualism

C.C. competition competition

D.D. evolutionevolution

25.25. In an ecosystem, the more living In an ecosystem, the more living requirements that two different requirements that two different species have in common, the more species have in common, the more intense will be theirintense will be their

A.A. ecological succession ecological succession

B.B. competition competition

C.C. energy requirements energy requirements

D.D. evolutionevolution

26.26. Organisms that obtain and ingest Organisms that obtain and ingest organic organic molecules for their nutrition are molecules for their nutrition are classified asclassified as

A.A. autotrophs autotrophs

B.B. producers producers

C.C. algae algae

D.D. heterotrophsheterotrophs

27.27. Select the term most closely Select the term most closely associated with the statement: The associated with the statement: The roots of the mistletoe plant absorb roots of the mistletoe plant absorb nutrients from living oak trees, nutrients from living oak trees, causing some damage to the tissues causing some damage to the tissues of the trees.of the trees.

A.A. mutualism mutualism

B.B. commensalism commensalism

C.C. parasitism parasitism

D.D. saprophytism saprophytism

E.E. competitioncompetition

28.28. Which change would usually increase Which change would usually increase competition among the squirrel population competition among the squirrel population in a certain area?in a certain area?

A.A. an epidemic of rabies among an epidemic of rabies among squirrels squirrels

B.B. an increase in the number of an increase in the number of squirrels killed on the highways squirrels killed on the highways

C.C. an increase in the number of hawks an increase in the number of hawks that prey on squirrels that prey on squirrels

D.D. a temporary increase in the squirrel a temporary increase in the squirrel reproduction ratereproduction rate

29.29. The diagram shows a marine biome. Autotrophs The diagram shows a marine biome. Autotrophs in zones in zones A A through through C C depend on the metabolic depend on the metabolic activities of other organisms for a continuing activities of other organisms for a continuing supply ofsupply ofA.A. water water B.B. carbohydrates carbohydrates C.C. respiratory enzymes respiratory enzymes D.D. carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

30.30. The table shows the type of food consumed by The table shows the type of food consumed by various animals in a community.  Under normal various animals in a community.  Under normal conditions, which organisms in this community conditions, which organisms in this community would have the greatest amount of stored would have the greatest amount of stored

energy?energy?A.A. grasshoppers grasshoppers B.B. snakes snakes C.C. plants plants D.D. hawkshawks

31.31. Graphs of the data from Graphs of the data from laboratory laboratory investigations are investigations are used used to to

A.A. observe general trends in observe general trends in the the data data

B.B. make the observed data make the observed data more accurate more accurate

C.C. prevent errors in measuring prevent errors in measuring data data

D.D. help change the original help change the original data data tablestables

32.32. A new drug for the treatment of asthma A new drug for the treatment of asthma is is tested on 100 people. The people are tested on 100 people. The people are evenly divided into two groups. One evenly divided into two groups. One group group is given the drug, and the other is given the drug, and the other group is group is given a glucose pill. The group given a glucose pill. The group that is that is given the glucose pill serves as given the glucose pill serves as thethe

A.A. experimental group experimental group

B.B. limiting factor limiting factor

C.C. control control

D.D. indicatorindicator

33.33. The diagram shows nutritional relationships The diagram shows nutritional relationships between organisms of various populations in between organisms of various populations in

a a food web. Based on their ecological role, food web. Based on their ecological role, hawks and snakes may be classified ashawks and snakes may be classified as

A.A. predators predators B.B. parasites parasites C.C. autotrophs autotrophs D.D. decomposersdecomposers

34.34. A student set up a terrarium containing A student set up a terrarium containing moist soil, several plants, and snails. moist soil, several plants, and snails.

The The terrarium was placed in a sunny area. terrarium was placed in a sunny area. Which factor is Which factor is not not essential for the essential for the

maintenance of the terrarium?maintenance of the terrarium?

A.A. a constant source of energy a constant source of energy

B.B. a living system capable of a living system capable of incorporating energy into organic incorporating energy into organic compounds compounds

C.C. a cycling of materials between a cycling of materials between organisms and their environment organisms and their environment

D.D. the introduction of another the introduction of another heterotroph into the terrariumheterotroph into the terrarium

35.35. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on the Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on the roots roots of leguminous plants in swellings of leguminous plants in swellings called called nodules. The bacteria synthesize nodules. The bacteria synthesize

nitrogen compounds that are used by nitrogen compounds that are used by the the plants, and the plants provide moisture plants, and the plants provide moisture

and nutrients for the bacteria. The and nutrients for the bacteria. The interaction between the nitrogen-fixing interaction between the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the leguminous plants is bacteria and the leguminous plants is known asknown as

A.A. parasitism parasitism

B.B. mutualism mutualism

C.C. saprophytism saprophytism

D.D. commensalismcommensalism

36.36. Which gas is excreted as a waste Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees?maple trees?

A.A. nitrogen nitrogen

B.B. oxygen oxygen

C.C. carbon dioxide carbon dioxide

D.D. methanemethane

37.37. Which factor is not considered by Which factor is not considered by ecologists when they evaluate the ecologists when they evaluate the impact of human activities on an impact of human activities on an

ecosystem?ecosystem?

A.A. amount of energy released amount of energy released from from the Sun the Sun

B.B. quality of the atmosphere quality of the atmosphere

C.C. degree of biodiversity degree of biodiversity

D.D. location of power plantslocation of power plants

38.38. A new type of fuel gives off A new type of fuel gives off an an excessive excessive amount of smoke.  Before this amount of smoke.  Before this type of type of fuel is widely used, an ecologist fuel is widely used, an ecologist would would most likely want to knowmost likely want to know

A.A. what effect the smoke will have what effect the smoke will have on the environment on the environment

B.B. how much it will cost to produce how much it will cost to produce the fuel the fuel

C.C. how long it will take to produce the how long it will take to produce the fuel fuel

D.D. if the fuel will be widely accepted if the fuel will be widely accepted by by consumersconsumers

39.39. The graph shows data on the average life The graph shows data on the average life expectancy expectancy of humans.  The change in life expectancy of humans.  The change in life expectancy from 1910 to from 1910 to 1970 is most likely the result of1970 is most likely the result of

A.A. an increase in poor land-use management that an increase in poor land-use management that affected the quality of the topsoil affected the quality of the topsoil

B.B. the introduction of technology that had a the introduction of technology that had a negative impact on air quality negative impact on air quality

C.C. a decrease in natural checks, such as disease, a decrease in natural checks, such as disease, on the population on the population

D.D. a widespread increase in the presence of lead a widespread increase in the presence of lead and other heavy metals in water suppliesand other heavy metals in water supplies

40.40. Which human activity is most Which human activity is most responsible for the other three responsible for the other three human activities?human activities?

A.A. increasing demand for food increasing demand for food

B.B. increasing loss of farmland increasing loss of farmland

C.C. increasing human population increasing human population

D.D. increasing air pollutionincreasing air pollution

41.41. The chart describes four classes of compounds. The chart describes four classes of compounds. Which class of compounds includes the Which class of compounds includes the

compound compound represented in the diagram below?represented in the diagram below?

1. A 1. A 2. B 2. B 3. C 3. C 4. D 4. D

42.42. Which chemical formula represents a Which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate?carbohydrate?

A.A. CHCH44

B.B. CC33HH77OO22N N

C.C. CC1212HH2222OO1111

D.D. COCO22

43.43. A simple sugar such as glucose is A simple sugar such as glucose is classified as aclassified as a

A.A. monosaccharide monosaccharide

B.B. polysaccharide polysaccharide

C.C. disaccharide disaccharide

D.D. nucleotidenucleotide

44.44. In a lipid synthesis reaction, the In a lipid synthesis reaction, the greatest number of fatty acid greatest number of fatty acid molecules that could combine with molecules that could combine with one glycerol molecule is one glycerol molecule is

A.A. 1 1

B.B. 2 2

C.C. 3 3

D.D. 66

45. Base your answer on the diagram of the chemical equation which represents a metabolic activity and your knowledge of biology. Molecule C belongs in the general class of substances known as

A. vitamins B. minerals C. inorganic acids D. organic compounds

4646.. Plants store carbohydrates in the Plants store carbohydrates in the form ofform of

A.A. amino acids amino acids

B.B. fatty acids fatty acids

C.C. starch starch

D.D. nucleic acidsnucleic acids

47.47. An element found in all proteins An element found in all proteins but but not not found in carbohydrates and found in carbohydrates and lipids islipids is

A.A. carbon carbon

B.B. hydrogen hydrogen

C.C. oxygen oxygen

D.D. nitrogennitrogen

48.48. Maltase is an enzyme that is not Maltase is an enzyme that is not able able to catalyze the synthesis of to catalyze the synthesis of lipids lipids because maltasebecause maltase

A.A. has a specific active site has a specific active site

B.B. is a small molecule is a small molecule

C.C. cannot attach to ribosomes cannot attach to ribosomes

D.D. is a simple sugaris a simple sugar

49.49. Which characteristic allows enzymes to Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?function in a specific way?

A.A. Enzymes are complex Enzymes are complex compounds composed of compounds composed of starch. starch.

B.B. Each enzyme has a Each enzyme has a characteristic shape. characteristic shape.

C.C. Enzymes are long, complex fats. Enzymes are long, complex fats.

D.D. Each enzyme is made up of four Each enzyme is made up of four subunits.subunits.

50.50. Lipase, maltase, and protease are Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of a group of catalysts members of a group of catalysts

known asknown as

A.A. enzymes enzymes

B.B. hormones hormones

C.C. carbohydrates carbohydrates

D.D. fatsfats

51.51. A block of wood is measured, as shown A block of wood is measured, as shown in the diagram. What is the length of in the diagram. What is the length of

the the wooden block in millimeters?wooden block in millimeters?A.A. 2.60 mm 2.60 mm B.B. 26.0 mm 26.0 mm C.C. 260 mm 260 mm D.D. 2,600 mm2,600 mm

52.52. A sample of food containing one type A sample of food containing one type of of a large molecule was treated with a a large molecule was treated with a specific digestive  enzyme.   Nutrient specific digestive  enzyme.   Nutrient tests tests performed on the resulting performed on the resulting products products showed the presence of simple showed the presence of simple sugars, sugars, only. Based on  these test only. Based on  these test results, the results, the original large molecules original large molecules contained in the contained in the sample were molecules sample were molecules ofof

A.A. protein protein

B.B. glucose glucose

C.C. starch starch

D.D. DNADNA

53.53. What usually results when an organism What usually results when an organism fails to maintain homeostasis?fails to maintain homeostasis?

A.A. Growth rates within organs Growth rates within organs become become equal. equal.

B.B. The organism becomes ill or may The organism becomes ill or may die. die.

C.C. A constant sugar supply for the A constant sugar supply for the cells cells is produced. is produced.

D.D. The water balance in the tissues of The water balance in the tissues of the organism stabilizes.the organism stabilizes.

54.54. Every single-celled organism is able to Every single-celled organism is able to survive because it carries outsurvive because it carries out

A.A. metabolic activities metabolic activities

B.B. autotrophic nutrition autotrophic nutrition

C.C. heterotrophic nutrition heterotrophic nutrition

D.D. sexual reproductionsexual reproduction

55.55. The diagram shows the structural formulas The diagram shows the structural formulas of of six molecules. Which two molecules are six molecules. Which two molecules are used used in the synthesis of a lipid?in the synthesis of a lipid?

A.A. A A and and D D

B.B. BB and and E E

C.C. BB and and F F

D.D. DD and and EE

56.56. The results of an experiment to determine The results of an experiment to determine the composition of the cytoplasm of the composition of the cytoplasm of

organism organism X X are summarized in the data are summarized in the data table. table. What percentage of the cytoplasm is What percentage of the cytoplasm is composed of organic material?composed of organic material?

A.A. 15 15 B.B. 20 20 C.C. 22 22 D.D. 9292

57.57. Base your answer on the chemical Base your answer on the chemical equation shown in the diagram and your equation shown in the diagram and your knowledge of biology. A dipeptide is knowledge of biology. A dipeptide is represented byrepresented by

A.A. A A B.B. B B C.C. C C D.D. DD

58.58. Small molecules are combined to Small molecules are combined to form large molecules by the life form large molecules by the life

function of function of

A.A. regulation regulation

B.B. excretion excretion

C.C. transport transport

D.D. synthesissynthesis

59.59. Which factor contributed most to the Which factor contributed most to the development of the cell theory?development of the cell theory?

A.A. the discovery of many new the discovery of many new species species during the last century during the last century

B.B. the development of advanced the development of advanced techniques to determine the techniques to determine the chemical composition of chemical composition of substances substances

C.C. the increase in knowledge the increase in knowledge concerning factors influencing the concerning factors influencing the rate of evolution rate of evolution

D.D. the improvement in microscopes the improvement in microscopes and microscopic techniques and microscopic techniques

during during the last two centuriesthe last two centuries

60.60. An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00 p.m. on a sunny starch was present at 5:00 p.m. on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 a.m. the next morning, the test indicated that a.m. the next morning, the test indicated that less starch was present in this leaf than in the less starch was present in this leaf than in the leaf tested the day before. This reduction in leaf tested the day before. This reduction in starch content occurred because starch wasstarch content occurred because starch was

A.A. changed into cellulose changed into cellulose

B.B. transported out of the leaves through the transported out of the leaves through the stomates stomates

C.C. conducted downward toward the roots conducted downward toward the roots through vessels through vessels

D.D. digested into simple sugarsdigested into simple sugars

61.61. Which diagram represents an organelle Which diagram represents an organelle that contains the enzymes needed to that contains the enzymes needed to synthesize ATP in the presence of oxygen?synthesize ATP in the presence of oxygen?A. 1 A. 1 B. 2 B. 2 C. 3 C. 3 D. 4D. 4

62.62. The transfer of energy from The transfer of energy from nutrients to ATP is accomplished nutrients to ATP is accomplished most directly by the process ofmost directly by the process of

A.A. cyclosis cyclosis

B.B. diffusion diffusion

C.C. cellular respiration cellular respiration

D.D. glucose synthesisglucose synthesis

63.63. In a bean plant, which reaction will In a bean plant, which reaction will release the greatest amount of release the greatest amount of

energy?energy?

A.A. aerobic respiration of a aerobic respiration of a glucose glucose molecule. molecule.

B.B. anaerobic respiration of a anaerobic respiration of a glucose molecule. glucose molecule.

C.C. synthesis of a chlorophyll synthesis of a chlorophyll molecule. molecule.

D.D. hydrolysis of a cellulose hydrolysis of a cellulose molecule.molecule.

64.64. Which process is represented by the Which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram?arrow in the diagram?

A.A. growth growth B.B. respiration respiration C.C. regulation regulation D.D. excretionexcretion

65.65. Which term includes all the activities Which term includes all the activities required to keep an organism alive?required to keep an organism alive?

A.A. growth growth

B.B. excretion excretion

C.C. metabolism metabolism

D.D. nutritionnutrition

66.66. A solution of an enzyme normally found in the A solution of an enzyme normally found in the human body was added to a flask containing a human body was added to a flask containing a solution solution of proteins in distilled water, and then the of proteins in distilled water, and then the flask was flask was stoppered. This mixture was then stoppered. This mixture was then maintained at a maintained at a temperature of 27°C and a pH of 7 temperature of 27°C and a pH of 7 for 48 hours. When for 48 hours. When the mixture was analyzed, the the mixture was analyzed, the presence of amino presence of amino acids was noted. Which substance acids was noted. Which substance would most likely be would most likely be present in the solution in the present in the solution in the flask after 48 hours?flask after 48 hours?

A.A. amino acids, only amino acids, only

B.B. amino acids and polypeptides, only amino acids and polypeptides, only

C.C. polypeptides, amino acids, and enzyme polypeptides, amino acids, and enzyme molecules molecules

D.D. polysaccharides, amino acids, and enzyme polysaccharides, amino acids, and enzyme moleculesmolecules

67.67. The diagram shows the structural formula of a The diagram shows the structural formula of a molecule. Which statement best describes this molecule. Which statement best describes this molecule?molecule?

A.A. It has the ability to control heredity. It has the ability to control heredity.

B.B. It has the ability to control reactions. It has the ability to control reactions.

C.C. It has a high energy content. It has a high energy content.

D.D. It is involved in photosynthesis.It is involved in photosynthesis.

68.68. A simple sugar such as glucose is A simple sugar such as glucose is classified as aclassified as a

A.A. monosaccharide monosaccharide

B.B. polysaccharide polysaccharide

C.C. disaccharide disaccharide

D.D. nucleotidenucleotide

69.69. In which process are simple materials In which process are simple materials chemically combined to form more chemically combined to form more

complex materials?complex materials?

A.A. synthesis synthesis

B.B. pinocytosis pinocytosis

C.C. hydrolysis hydrolysis

D.D. cyclosiscyclosis

70.70. Humans breathe more rapidly during Humans breathe more rapidly during exercise than before it because during exercise than before it because during exercise the blood containsexercise the blood contains

A.A. an increased level of oxygen an increased level of oxygen

B.B. a decreased number of red blood a decreased number of red blood cells cells

C.C. an increased level of carbon dioxide an increased level of carbon dioxide

D.D. a decreased amount of hemoglobina decreased amount of hemoglobin

71.71. Microscopic examination of an animal cell Microscopic examination of an animal cell reveals the presence of plasma membrane reveals the presence of plasma membrane

but but no cell wall. Which additional structures no cell wall. Which additional structures would normally be present within this cell?would normally be present within this cell?

A.A. starch grains starch grains

B.B. centrioles centrioles

C.C. chloroplasts chloroplasts

D.D. large vacuoleslarge vacuoles

72.72. Which statement best describes the plasma Which statement best describes the plasma membrane of a living plant cell?membrane of a living plant cell?

A.A. It selectively regulates the passage of It selectively regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. substances into and out of the cell.

B.B. It is composed of proteins and It is composed of proteins and carbohydrates only. carbohydrates only.

C.C. It has the same permeability to all It has the same permeability to all substances found inside or outside the substances found inside or outside the cell. cell.

D.D. It is a double protein layer with It is a double protein layer with floating floating lipid lipid molecules.molecules.

73.73. The graph shows the relative rates of action of The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, four enzymes, AA, , BB, , CC, and , and DD.  A solution with .  A solution with

a a pH of 6 contains enzyme pH of 6 contains enzyme C C and its substrate.  If and its substrate.  If a a base is gradually added to this solution, the base is gradually added to this solution, the rate rate of action of enzyme of action of enzyme C C would most likelywould most likely

A.A. remain constant remain constant B.B. increase, then decrease increase, then decrease C.C. decrease, then increase decrease, then increase D.D. decrease constantlydecrease constantly

74.74. The diagram illustrates a biochemical The diagram illustrates a biochemical process process that occurs in organisms.  The that occurs in organisms.  The substance substance labeled "catalyst" is also known aslabeled "catalyst" is also known as

A.A. a hormone a hormone

B.B. an enzyme an enzyme

C.C. an antibody an antibody

D.D. an inorganic compoundan inorganic compound

75.75. A student has a hamburger, french fries, A student has a hamburger, french fries, and and soda for lunch. Which sequence soda for lunch. Which sequence

represents the correct order of events in represents the correct order of events in the nutritional processing of this food?the nutritional processing of this food?

A.A. ingestion -> digestion -> absorption  -ingestion -> digestion -> absorption  ->  egestion >  egestion

B.B. digestion -> absorption -> ingestion  -digestion -> absorption -> ingestion  ->  egestion >  egestion

C.C. digestion -> egestion -> ingestion  -digestion -> egestion -> ingestion  ->  absorption >  absorption

D.D. ingestion -> absorption -> digestion  -ingestion -> absorption -> digestion  ->  egestion>  egestion

76.76. Which section is Which section is not not part of the cell part of the cell theory?theory?

A.A. Cells are the structural units in Cells are the structural units in living things. living things.

B.B. Cells are the functional units in Cells are the functional units in living things. living things.

C.C. New cells arise from preexisting New cells arise from preexisting cells. cells.

D.D. New cells have nuclei identical to New cells have nuclei identical to those of preexisting cells.those of preexisting cells.

77.77. Which substances are inorganic Which substances are inorganic compounds?compounds?

A.A. water and salts water and salts

B.B. proteins and carbohydrates proteins and carbohydrates

C.C. fats and oils fats and oils

D.D. enzymes and hormonesenzymes and hormones

78.78. Compound Compound XX increases the rate of the increases the rate of the reaction below.reaction below.

Compound Compound XX is most likely is most likely

A.A. an enzyme an enzyme

B.B. a lipid molecule a lipid molecule

C.C. an indicator an indicator

D.D. an ADP moleculean ADP molecule

79.79. Organisms that obtain and ingest Organisms that obtain and ingest organic molecules for their organic molecules for their

nutrition nutrition are classified asare classified as

A.A. autotrophs autotrophs

B.B. producers producers

C.C. algae algae

D.D. heterotrophsheterotrophs

80.80. Which statement best describes extracellular Which statement best describes extracellular digestion?digestion?

A.A. Large insoluble molecules are converted Large insoluble molecules are converted to small soluble molecules outside the to small soluble molecules outside the

cell. cell.

B.B. Large insoluble molecules are converted Large insoluble molecules are converted to small soluble molecules within the cell. to small soluble molecules within the cell.

C.C. Small soluble molecules are converted to Small soluble molecules are converted to large insoluble molecules outside the cell. large insoluble molecules outside the cell.

D.D. Small soluble molecules are converted to Small soluble molecules are converted to large insoluble molecules within the cell.large insoluble molecules within the cell.

81.81. Amino acid molecules are bonded Amino acid molecules are bonded together in a specific sequence on cell together in a specific sequence on cell structures known as structures known as

A.A. ribosomes ribosomes

B.B. vacuoles vacuoles

C.C. mitochondria mitochondria

D.D. centromerescentromeres

82.82. A student sees the image to the left when observing the A student sees the image to the left when observing the letter "f" with the low-power objective lens of a letter "f" with the low-power objective lens of a microscope. Which diagram below most closely microscope. Which diagram below most closely resembles the image the resembles the image the student will see after student will see after switching to high power?switching to high power?

A.A. 11 B.B. 22 C.C. 33 D.D. 44

83.83. The diagram represents the field of view of a The diagram represents the field of view of a compound compound light microscope. Three unicellular organisms light microscope. Three unicellular organisms are are located across the diameter of the field. What is the located across the diameter of the field. What is the

approximate length of each unicellular organism?approximate length of each unicellular organism?

A.A. 250 μm 250 μm

B.B. 500 μm 500 μm

C.C. 1,000 μm 1,000 μm

D.D. 1,500 μm 1,500 μm

84.84. A block of wood is measured, as shown A block of wood is measured, as shown in the diagram. What is the length of in the diagram. What is the length of

the the wooden block in millimeters?wooden block in millimeters?A.A. 2.60 mm 2.60 mm B.B. 26.0 mm 26.0 mm C.C. 260 mm 260 mm D.D. 2,600 mm2,600 mm

85.85. Iodine and Benedict's solution were Iodine and Benedict's solution were both both used to test for certain nutrients in used to test for certain nutrients in a a sample of food. If both tests were sample of food. If both tests were positive for the nutrients, the sample positive for the nutrients, the sample must must containcontain

A.A. polysaccharide and simple sugar polysaccharide and simple sugar

B.B. protein and fat protein and fat

B.B. carbohydrate and lipid carbohydrate and lipid

D.D. polysaccharide and proteinpolysaccharide and protein

86.86. In plants glucose is converted to In plants glucose is converted to cellulose, and in human muscle cells, cellulose, and in human muscle cells, glucose is converted to glycogen. These glucose is converted to glycogen. These processes are examples of which life processes are examples of which life activity?activity?

A.A. regulation regulation

B.B. respiration respiration

C.C. synthesis synthesis

D.D. excretionexcretion

87.87. Which organelles outside the cell Which organelles outside the cell nucleus nucleus contain genetic material?contain genetic material?

A.A. lysosomes and cell walls lysosomes and cell walls

B.B. chloroplasts and mitochondria chloroplasts and mitochondria

C.C. endoplasmic reticula and cell endoplasmic reticula and cell membranes membranes

D.D. vacuoles and Golgi complexvacuoles and Golgi complex

88.88. Which technique enabled Which technique enabled scientists scientists in the 1800's to identify in the 1800's to identify cell cell organelles?organelles?

A.A. electron microscopy electron microscopy

B.B. ultracentrifugation ultracentrifugation

C.C. staining staining

D.D. dissectiondissection

89.89. Which chemical formula represents a Which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate?carbohydrate?

A.A. CHCH44

B.B. CC33HH77OO22N N

C.C. CC1212HH2222OO11 11

D.D. COCO22

The equation below summarizes the process The equation below summarizes the process that produces the flashing light of a firefly.that produces the flashing light of a firefly.

90.90. The molecule luciferin is broken down, and The molecule luciferin is broken down, and energy is released in the form of heat and light. energy is released in the form of heat and light. In this process, luciferase functions as In this process, luciferase functions as

A.A. a reactant a reactant

B.B. a substrate a substrate

C.C. an inorganic catalyst an inorganic catalyst

D.D. an enzymean enzyme

91.91. Which phrase best describes cellular Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs respiration, a process that occurs continuously continuously in the cells of organisms?in the cells of organisms?

A.A. removal of oxygen from the cells of an removal of oxygen from the cells of an organism. organism.

B.B. conversion of light energy into the conversion of light energy into the chemical bond energy of organic chemical bond energy of organic molecules. molecules.

C.C. transport of materials within cells and transport of materials within cells and throughout the bodies of multicellular throughout the bodies of multicellular organisms. organisms.

D.D. changing of stored chemical energy in changing of stored chemical energy in food food molecules to a form usable by molecules to a form usable by organisms.organisms.

92.92. Which statement best describes one of the Which statement best describes one of the events events taking place in the chemical reaction taking place in the chemical reaction below?below?

A.A. Energy is being stored as a result of Energy is being stored as a result of aerobic aerobic respiration. respiration.

B.B. Fermentation is taking place, resulting in Fermentation is taking place, resulting in the synthesis of ATP. the synthesis of ATP.

C.C. Energy is being released for metabolic Energy is being released for metabolic activities. activities.

D.D. Photosynthesis is taking place, resulting Photosynthesis is taking place, resulting in in the storage of energy.the storage of energy.

93.93. What is a direct result of aerobic What is a direct result of aerobic respiration?respiration?

A.A. The potential energy of glucose is The potential energy of glucose is transferred to ATP molecules. transferred to ATP molecules.

B.B. The enzymes for anaerobic The enzymes for anaerobic respiration are produced and respiration are produced and

stored stored in lysosomes. in lysosomes. C.C. Lactic acid is produced in muscle Lactic acid is produced in muscle

tissue.tissue.D.D. Alcohol is produced by yeast and Alcohol is produced by yeast and

bacteria.bacteria.

94.94. The energy an organism requires to The energy an organism requires to transport materials and eliminate wastes transport materials and eliminate wastes is is obtained directly fromobtained directly from

A.A. DNA DNA

B.B. starch starch

C.C. hormones hormones

D.D. ATPATP

95.95. Which structure of the woody plant Which structure of the woody plant represented the organ of photosynthesis?represented the organ of photosynthesis?

A.A. A A C.C. C C

B.B. B B D.D. DD

96.96. Which process produces the greatest Which process produces the greatest quantity of ATP per molecule of glucose quantity of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?oxidized?

A.A. aerobic respiration aerobic respiration

B.B. lactic acid production lactic acid production

C.C. photosynthesis photosynthesis

D.D. fermentationfermentation

97.97. Which process requires cellular Which process requires cellular energy?energy?

A.A. diffusion diffusion

B.B. passive transport passive transport

C.C. active transport active transport

D.D. osmosisosmosis

98.98. Which activity is illustrated in the diagram Which activity is illustrated in the diagram of of an ameba?an ameba?

A.A. egestion egestion B.B. synthesis synthesis C.C. respiration respiration D.D. ingestioningestion

99.99. The life function of transport in an The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those organism directly involves those activities activities used toused to

A.A. absorb and distribute materials. absorb and distribute materials.

B.B. obtain and hydrolyze materials.obtain and hydrolyze materials.

C.C. release energy from food .release energy from food .

D.D. produce cellular waste products.produce cellular waste products.

100.100. Which enzyme regulates the reaction Which enzyme regulates the reaction represented by the word equation:   represented by the word equation:          lipid + water = fatty acids + glycerol       lipid + water = fatty acids + glycerol

A.A. amylase amylase

B.B. lipase lipase

C.C. ATPase ATPase

D.D. proteaseprotease

101.101. Oxygen serves as a hydrogen acceptor Oxygen serves as a hydrogen acceptor during aerobic respiration. This results during aerobic respiration. This results in the production ofin the production of

A.A. glucose glucose

B.B. lactic acid lactic acid

C.C. glycerol glycerol

D.D. waterwater

102.102. Which condition is necessary for an Which condition is necessary for an experiment to yield useful data?experiment to yield useful data?

A.A. Similar results should be obtained Similar results should be obtained when the experiment is repeated when the experiment is repeated

B.B. Only the expected results should Only the expected results should be be considered each time the considered each time the

experiment is performed. experiment is performed.

C.C. The hypothesis must be correct. The hypothesis must be correct.

D.D. The experimental period must be The experimental period must be short.short.

103.103. A new concept that is tested in a A new concept that is tested in a scientific investigation is known asscientific investigation is known as

A.A. a theory a theory

B.B. the hypothesis the hypothesis

C.C. in inference in inference

D.D. an observationan observation

104.104. Which term best describes the interaction between Which term best describes the interaction between the physical and living factors shown in the the physical and living factors shown in the

diagram?diagram?A.A. a biosphere a biosphere B.B. an ecosystem an ecosystem C.C. a community a community D.D. a biomea biome

105.105. What is the basic unit of structure and What is the basic unit of structure and function in protists and monerans?function in protists and monerans?

A.A. cell cell

B.B. tissue tissue

C.C. organ organ

D.D. systemsystem

106.106. Plants store carbohydrates in the Plants store carbohydrates in the form ofform of

A.A. amino acids amino acids

B.B. fatty acids fatty acids

C.C. starch starch

D.D. nucleic acidsnucleic acids

107.107. An element found in all proteins An element found in all proteins but but not not found in carbohydrates and found in carbohydrates and lipids islipids is

A.A. carbon carbon

B.B. hydrogen hydrogen

C.C. oxygen oxygen

D.D. nitrogennitrogen

108.108. Maltase is an enzyme that is not Maltase is an enzyme that is not able able to catalyze the synthesis of to catalyze the synthesis of lipids lipids because maltasebecause maltase

A.A. has a specific active site has a specific active site

B.B. is a small molecule is a small molecule

C.C. cannot attach to ribosomes cannot attach to ribosomes

D.D. is a simple sugaris a simple sugar

109.109. Which characteristic allows enzymes Which characteristic allows enzymes to to function in a specific way?function in a specific way?

A.A. Enzymes are complex Enzymes are complex compounds composed of compounds composed of starch. starch.

B.B. Each enzyme has a Each enzyme has a characteristic shape. characteristic shape.

C.C. Enzymes are long, complex fats. Enzymes are long, complex fats.

D.D. Each enzyme is made up of four Each enzyme is made up of four subunits.subunits.

110.110. Lipase, maltase, and protease are Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of a group of catalysts members of a group of catalysts

known asknown as

A.A. enzymes enzymes

B.B. hormones hormones

C.C. carbohydrates carbohydrates

D.D. fatsfats

111.111. Base your answer on the reactions shown in the Base your answer on the reactions shown in the graphic. The graphic. The XX in each reaction represents various in each reaction represents various

A.A. energy sources energy sources B.B. final products final products C.C. reactants reactants D.D. enzymesenzymes

112.112. If the chemical reaction shown in the If the chemical reaction shown in the diagram diagram takes place in an organism that takes place in an organism that requires requires sunlight to produce substance sunlight to produce substance X X , the , the

organism must beorganism must be

A.A. a heterotroph a heterotroph

B.B. an annelid an annelid

C.C. an autotroph an autotroph

D.D. a fungusa fungus

113.113. The transfer of energy from nutrients The transfer of energy from nutrients to to ATP is accomplished most directly by ATP is accomplished most directly by

the process ofthe process of

A.A. cyclosis cyclosis

B.B. diffusion diffusion

C.C. cellular respiration cellular respiration

D.D. glucose synthesisglucose synthesis

114.114. The products of aerobic respiration in The products of aerobic respiration in green plants are ATP andgreen plants are ATP and

A.A. lactic acid and oxygen lactic acid and oxygen

B.B. glucose and oxygen glucose and oxygen

C.C. carbon dioxide and water carbon dioxide and water

D.D. carbon dioxide and ethyl alcoholcarbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

115.115. What is the basic unit of structure and What is the basic unit of structure and function in arachnids and insects?function in arachnids and insects?

A.A. cell cell

B.B. tissue tissue

C.C. organ organ

D.D. systemsystem

116.116. Which diagram represents an organelle that Which diagram represents an organelle that is is the “packaging center” of the cell?the “packaging center” of the cell?

A.A. 1 1

B.B. 2 2

C.C. 3 3

D.D. 44

117.117. Which scientists developed the double Which scientists developed the double helix model of the DNA molecule?helix model of the DNA molecule?

A.A. Watson and Crick Watson and Crick

B.B. Hardy and Weinberg Hardy and Weinberg

C.C. Darwin and Lamarck Darwin and Lamarck

D.D. Weismann and MillerWeismann and Miller

118.118. Amino acid molecules are bonded Amino acid molecules are bonded together in a specific sequence on cell together in a specific sequence on cell structures known as structures known as

A.A. ribosomes ribosomes

B.B. vacuoles vacuoles

C.C. mitochondria mitochondria

D.D. centromerescentromeres

119.119. In addition to a phosphate group, In addition to a phosphate group, a a DNA nucleotide could containDNA nucleotide could contain

A.A. thymine and deoxyribose thymine and deoxyribose

B.B. uracil and deoxyribose uracil and deoxyribose

C.C. thymine and ribose thymine and ribose

D.D. uracil and riboseuracil and ribose

120.120. In addition to a phosphate group, a In addition to a phosphate group, a RNA nucleotide could containRNA nucleotide could contain

A.A. thymine and deoxyribose thymine and deoxyribose

B.B. uracil and deoxyribose uracil and deoxyribose

C.C. thymine and ribose thymine and ribose

D.D. uracil and riboseuracil and ribose

121.121. Fermentation is anaerobic Fermentation is anaerobic respiration. respiration. The fermentation of yeast The fermentation of yeast normally normally yieldsyields

A.A. lactic acid, COlactic acid, CO22, and 2 ATP , and 2 ATP

B.B. alcohol, COalcohol, CO22, and 36 ATP , and 36 ATP

C.C. alcohol, COalcohol, CO22, and 2 ATP , and 2 ATP

D.D. COCO22, H, H22O, and 36 ATPO, and 36 ATP

122.122. In a grasshopper, the movement of In a grasshopper, the movement of glucose from the digestive tract to glucose from the digestive tract to muscle cells is most directly a result of muscle cells is most directly a result of

A.A. ingestion and digestion ingestion and digestion

B.B. absorption and circulation absorption and circulation

C.C. anaerobic respiration anaerobic respiration

D.D. protein synthesisprotein synthesis

123.123. Which gas is excreted as a waste Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees?maple trees?

A.A. nitrogen nitrogen

B.B. oxygen oxygen

C.C. carbon dioxide carbon dioxide

D.D. methanemethane

124.124. In the setup shown in the diagram, which In the setup shown in the diagram, which color light will cause the plant to produce the color light will cause the plant to produce the smallest smallest number of gas bubbles?number of gas bubbles?

A.A. red red B.B. orange orange C.C. blue blue D.D. greengreen

125.125. Base your answer on the diagram which Base your answer on the diagram which represents some of the events that take place represents some of the events that take place in in a chloroplast and on your knowledge of a chloroplast and on your knowledge of biology. Gas biology. Gas EE would most likely represent would most likely represent

A.A. COCO22

B.B. NN22

C.C. OO22

D.D. HH22OO

126.126. All the black-footed ferrets inhabiting All the black-footed ferrets inhabiting a a given forest constitute agiven forest constitute a

A.A. population population

B.B. community community

C.C. biome biome

D.D. biospherebiosphere

127.127. The graph illustrates the growth curves for two The graph illustrates the growth curves for two types of bacteria (types of bacteria (AA and and BB) under differing pH ) under differing pH values. values. Bacteria Bacteria AA grows best in a medium that is grows best in a medium that is

A.A. slightly acid slightly acid

B.B. neutral neutral

C.C. slightly basic slightly basic

D.D. very basicvery basic

128.128. Which substance is an organic Which substance is an organic compound?compound?

A.A. water water

B.B. table salt table salt

C.C. Ammonia Ammonia

D.D. insulininsulin

129.129. Which organelles are present in Which organelles are present in plant cells plant cells onlyonly??

A.A. lysosomes and mitochondrialysosomes and mitochondria

B.B. chloroplasts and cell wallschloroplasts and cell walls

C.C. endoplasmic reticula and cell endoplasmic reticula and cell membranes membranes

D.D. vacuoles and Golgi Apparatusvacuoles and Golgi Apparatus

130.130. An insect’s exoskeleton is made of a An insect’s exoskeleton is made of a carbohydrate known as carbohydrate known as

A.A. glycogen glycogen

B.B. chitin chitin

C.C. cellulose cellulose

D.D. glycerolglycerol

131.Amino acid molecules are bonded together in a specific sequence on cell structures known as A. ribosomes B. vacuoles C. mitochondria D. centromeres

132. Which organelles outside the cell nucleus contain digestive enzymes?A. lysosomes B. chloroplastsC. endoplasmic reticulaD. Golgi Apparatus

133.133. In an ecosystem, the more living In an ecosystem, the more living requirements that two different species requirements that two different species have in common, the more intense will have in common, the more intense will be theirbe their

A.A. ecological succession ecological succession

B.B. competition competition

C.C. energy requirements energy requirements

D.D. evolutionevolution

134.134. Which statement best describes an energy Which statement best describes an energy pyramid?pyramid?

A.A. There is more energy at the consumer There is more energy at the consumer level level than at the producer level. than at the producer level.

B.B. There is more energy at the producer There is more energy at the producer level that at the consumer level. level that at the consumer level.

C.C. There is more energy at the secondary-There is more energy at the secondary-consumer level than at the primary-consumer level than at the primary-consumer level. consumer level.

D.D. There is more energy at the There is more energy at the decomposer decomposer level level than at the consumer than at the consumer level.level.

135.135. In a plant, which structure In a plant, which structure enables enables photosynthesis to take place?photosynthesis to take place?

A.A. stem stem

B.B. pollen tube pollen tube

C.C. stamen stamen

D.D. leafleaf

136.136. Which cell organelle can best be Which cell organelle can best be compared to cleanup crew for the cell?compared to cleanup crew for the cell?

A.A. RibosomesRibosomes

B.B. MitochondriaMitochondria

C.C. Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

D.D. LysosomesLysosomes

137.137. The main components of the plasma The main components of the plasma membrane are:membrane are:

A.A. ProteinsProteins

B.B. CytokinesCytokines

C.C. PhosphatesPhosphates

D.D. PhospholipidsPhospholipids

138.138. A student is observing a cell using a A student is observing a cell using a microscope. Which of the following microscope. Which of the following observations about the cell indicates that observations about the cell indicates that it must be part of a plant cell?it must be part of a plant cell?

A.A. its well-defined nucleusits well-defined nucleus

B.B. its water filled vacuoleits water filled vacuole

C.C. its boxlike structureits boxlike structure

D.D. its cell membraneits cell membrane

139.139. Cells are like miniature factories. Cells are like miniature factories. Inside Inside the cell are small structures the cell are small structures which carry which carry out the various functions of out the various functions of the cell. the cell. These structures inside the cell These structures inside the cell are are known as _________________.known as _________________.

A.A. OrgansOrgans

B.B. OrganellesOrganelles

C.C. ProtoplasmProtoplasm

D.D. IntracellsIntracells

140.140. Which sequence of terms is in the Which sequence of terms is in the correct correct order from simplest to most order from simplest to most complex?complex?

A.A. cells-tissues-organs-organ systemscells-tissues-organs-organ systems

B.B. tissues-organisms-cells-organ tissues-organisms-cells-organ systemssystems

C.C. cells-tissues-organ systems-organscells-tissues-organ systems-organs

D.D. organs-organisms-organ system-organs-organisms-organ system-cellscells

141.141. A cell is placed in a beaker containing A cell is placed in a beaker containing a a hypertonic solution. What happens to hypertonic solution. What happens to

the cell?the cell?

A.A. the cell gains waterthe cell gains water

B.B. the cell shrinksthe cell shrinks

C.C. the cell gains waterthe cell gains water

D.D. the cell is lysedthe cell is lysed

142.142. In the lungs, the movement of carbon In the lungs, the movement of carbon dioxide out of the cells and oxygen dioxide out of the cells and oxygen

into into cells can best be explained by which cells can best be explained by which of of the following processes?the following processes?

A.A. active transportactive transport

B.B. diffusiondiffusion

C.C. endocytosisendocytosis

D.D. osmosisosmosis

143.143. While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed the aquarium plants students placed the aquarium plants

in a in a container of distilled water. What container of distilled water. What effects effects will this leave on the plants?will this leave on the plants?

A.A. the plant cells will swellthe plant cells will swell

B.B. the plant cells will shrinkthe plant cells will shrink

C.C. the plant cells will separatethe plant cells will separate

D.D. the plant cells will remain the the plant cells will remain the samesame

144.144. Which of these describes the function Which of these describes the function of of the cell membrane?the cell membrane?

A.A. Maintaining homeostasisMaintaining homeostasis

B.B. Cell divisionCell division

C.C. Producing energyProducing energy

D.D. Protein synthesisProtein synthesis

145.145. An enzyme-substrate complex may An enzyme-substrate complex may result from the interaction of molecules result from the interaction of molecules of:of:

A.A. glucose and lipase glucose and lipase

B.B. proteins and protease proteins and protease

C.C. fats and amylase fats and amylase

D.D. sucrose and maltase sucrose and maltase

146.146. Which process is illustrated in the Which process is illustrated in the diagram?diagram?

A.A. crossing-over crossing-over B.B. nondisjunction nondisjunction C.C. sex determination sex determination D.D. independent assortmentindependent assortment

147.147. Which diagram represents a pair of Which diagram represents a pair of homologous chromosomes?homologous chromosomes?

A.A. 11

B.B. 22

C.C. 33

D.D. 44

148.148. Some basic principles of heredity Some basic principles of heredity were were established when Gregor Mendel established when Gregor Mendel

crossed large numbers of pea plants crossed large numbers of pea plants and thenand then

A.A. mapped the loci of various genes mapped the loci of various genes

B.B. analyzed the mathematical ratios analyzed the mathematical ratios of certain traits in the offspring of certain traits in the offspring

C.C. microdissected the microdissected the chromosomes chromosomes of the offspring of the offspring

D.D. determined how many genes had determined how many genes had mutatedmutated

149.149. The diagram represents a pair of The diagram represents a pair of homologous chromosomes. Which allelic homologous chromosomes. Which allelic combination represents the heterozygous combination represents the heterozygous condition for a trait?condition for a trait?

A.A. Aa Aa

B.B. BB BB

C.C. aaaa

D.D. aBaB

150.Random separation and 150.Random separation and distribution of homologous distribution of homologous chromosomes occurs duringchromosomes occurs during

A.A. cleavage cleavage

B.B. mitotic cell division mitotic cell division

C.C. fertilization fertilization

D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

151.151. The basic principles of The basic principles of genetics were established in genetics were established in

the the 19th century by19th century by

A.A. Francis Crick Francis Crick

B.B. Charles Darwin Charles Darwin

C.C. Jean Lamarck Jean Lamarck

D.D. Gregor MendelGregor Mendel

152. In the diagram of two homologous 152. In the diagram of two homologous chromosomes, what do chromosomes, what do RR and and rr

represent?represent?A.A. two different alleles two different alleles B.B. two gametes that can form a two gametes that can form a

zygote zygote C.C. two identical alleles two identical alleles D.D. two chromosomes in a hybrid pea two chromosomes in a hybrid pea

plantplant

153.Random separation and distribution 153.Random separation and distribution of homologous chromosomes of homologous chromosomes

occurs duringoccurs during

A.A. cleavage cleavage

B.B. mitotic cell division mitotic cell division

C.C. fertilization fertilization

D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

154.154. Gregor Mendel developed some basic Gregor Mendel developed some basic principles of heredity based on hisprinciples of heredity based on his

A.A. dissection of the flowers of both dissection of the flowers of both tall and short African violet plants tall and short African violet plants

B.B. microscopic observation of the microscopic observation of the nuclei of fruit fly cells nuclei of fruit fly cells

C.C. biochemical analysis of DNA biochemical analysis of DNA produced in the F2 generations of produced in the F2 generations of roan cattle roan cattle

D.D. mathematical analysis of the mathematical analysis of the offspring produced by crossing offspring produced by crossing pea plantspea plants

155.155. In minks, the gene for brown fur (In minks, the gene for brown fur (BB) is ) is dominant over the gene for silver fur dominant over the gene for silver fur

((bb). ). Which set of genotypes represents a Which set of genotypes represents a cross that could produce offspring cross that could produce offspring with with silver fur from parents that both silver fur from parents that both have have brown fur?brown fur?

A.A. Bb ×Bb ×Bb Bb

B.B. BB ×bb BB ×bb

C.C. BB ×BbBB ×Bb

D.D. BbBb × × bbbb

156.156.Heterozygous Means Heterozygous Means ___________.___________.

A.A. Information about heritable traits.Information about heritable traits.

B.B. Unique/different molecular forms of Unique/different molecular forms of a gene that are possible at a given a gene that are possible at a given locus.locus.

C.C. Crossing over results.Crossing over results.

D.D. Having a pair of identical alleles at a Having a pair of identical alleles at a gene.gene.

157. Phenotype is _______________.157. Phenotype is _______________.A.A. Observable (expressed, can Observable (expressed, can

physically see) heritable traits.physically see) heritable traits.

B.B. Unique/different molecular Unique/different molecular forms forms of a gene that are possible at a of a gene that are possible at a

given locus.given locus.

C.C. Genetic recombination results.Genetic recombination results.

D.D. Particular genes carried by an Particular genes carried by an individual.individual.

158.158. A recessive allele A recessive allele _____________._____________.

A.A. is represented by a capital is represented by a capital letter, such as “A”.letter, such as “A”.

B.B. is represented by a lower is represented by a lower case letter, such as “a”.case letter, such as “a”.

C.C. has the ability to mask has the ability to mask other other traits.traits.

D.D. both a and c.both a and c.

159.159. Hybrid offspring Hybrid offspring

A.A. Is when offspring of genetic Is when offspring of genetic crosses inherit a pair of crosses inherit a pair of

identical identical alleles for a trait.alleles for a trait.

B.B. Is when offspring of genetic Is when offspring of genetic crosses inherit a pair of non-crosses inherit a pair of non-identical alleles for a trait.identical alleles for a trait.

C.C. Does not represent a pure bred Does not represent a pure bred organism.organism.

D.D. Both A & CBoth A & C

E.E. Both B & CBoth B & C

160.160. Males have ___________.Males have ___________.

A.A. One X sex chromosome and One X sex chromosome and one Y one Y sex chromosome.sex chromosome.

B.B. Two Y sex chromosomes.Two Y sex chromosomes.

C.C. Two X sex chromosomes.Two X sex chromosomes.

D.D. Only one sex chromosome Only one sex chromosome which which would be X.would be X.

E.E. Only one sex chromosome Only one sex chromosome which which would be Y.would be Y.

161.161. In poultry, feathered shank (In poultry, feathered shank (FF) is ) is dominant dominant over clean shank (over clean shank ( f f ). If the ). If the hen's hen's genotype is represented bygenotype is represented by ff ff and and the the rooster's genotype isrooster's genotype is Ff, Ff, what what percentage of their offspring would be percentage of their offspring would be expected to have feathered shanks?expected to have feathered shanks?

A.A. 0% 0%

B.B. 50% 50%

C.C. 75% 75%

D.D. 100%100%

162.162. If the pattern of inheritance for a trait If the pattern of inheritance for a trait is is complete dominance, then an complete dominance, then an organism heterozygous for the trait organism heterozygous for the trait would normally expresswould normally express

A.A. the recessive trait, only the recessive trait, only

B.B. the dominant trait, only the dominant trait, only

C.C. a blend of the recessive and a blend of the recessive and dominate traits dominate traits

D.D. a phenotype unlike that of either a phenotype unlike that of either parentparent

163.163. In certain rats, black fur is dominant In certain rats, black fur is dominant over over white fur. If two rats, both heterozygous white fur. If two rats, both heterozygous

for fur color, are mated, their offspring for fur color, are mated, their offspring would be expected to havewould be expected to have

A.A. four different genotypes and two four different genotypes and two different colors different colors

B.B. two different genotypes and three two different genotypes and three different colors different colors

C.C. three different genotypes and two three different genotypes and two different colors different colors

D.D. three different genotypes and three different genotypes and three three different colorsdifferent colors

164.164. Base your answer on the diagram and your Base your answer on the diagram and your knowledge of biology. Which process knowledge of biology. Which process

results results in the formation of chromatid in the formation of chromatid ZZ from from chromatids chromatids AA and and BB??

A.A. intermediate inheritance intermediate inheritance

B.B. nondisjunction nondisjunction

C.C. codominance codominance

D.D. crossing-overcrossing-over

165.165. The principles of dominance, The principles of dominance, segregation, and independent segregation, and independent assortment resulted from studies by assortment resulted from studies by Mendel of the inheritance of traits inMendel of the inheritance of traits in

A.A. four-o'clock flowers four-o'clock flowers

B.B. roan cattle roan cattle

C.C. fruit flies fruit flies

D.D. pea plantspea plants

166.166. The core of a virus may contain The core of a virus may contain either DNA or RNA. To identify either DNA or RNA. To identify which nucleic acid is present, a which nucleic acid is present, a biochemist could chemically biochemist could chemically analyze the virus for the analyze the virus for the

presence presence ofof

A.A. guanine guanine

B.B. ribose ribose

C.C. cytosine cytosine

D.D. phosphatephosphate

167.167. In watermelon plants, the allele for In watermelon plants, the allele for solid green fruit (solid green fruit (GG) is dominant over ) is dominant over the the allele for striped fruit (allele for striped fruit (gg). Pollen from a ). Pollen from a flower of a homozygous green flower of a homozygous green watermelon plant is used to pollinate a watermelon plant is used to pollinate a flower from a heterozygous green flower from a heterozygous green watermelon plant. What percent of the watermelon plant. What percent of the offspring of this cross will bear striped offspring of this cross will bear striped watermelons?watermelons?

A.A. 0% 0%

B.B. 25% 25%

C.C. 50% 50%

D.D. 100%100%

168.168. The diagram represents human gametes. The diagram represents human gametes. Which statement best describes the fertilized Which statement best describes the fertilized egg that would result if this sperm cell and egg egg that would result if this sperm cell and egg cell unite?cell unite?

A.A. It would contain 44 chromosomes and It would contain 44 chromosomes and develop into a male. develop into a male.

B.B. It would contain 44 chromosomes and It would contain 44 chromosomes and develop into a female. develop into a female.

C.C. It would contain 46 sex chromosomes It would contain 46 sex chromosomes and develop into a female. and develop into a female.

D.D. It would contain 46 sex chromosomes It would contain 46 sex chromosomes and develop into a male.and develop into a male.

169.169. In humans, normal color vision (N) is In humans, normal color vision (N) is dominant over color blindness (n). A dominant over color blindness (n). A man man and woman with normal color and woman with normal color vision vision produced two colorblind sons and produced two colorblind sons and two two daughters with normal vision. daughters with normal vision. Choose Choose from the diagram the correct from the diagram the correct parental parental genotypes.genotypes.

A.A. XXNNY and XY and XNNXXNN

B.B. XXNNY and XY and XNNXXnn

C.C. XXnnY and XY and XNNXXNN

D.D. XXnnY and XY and XnnXXnn

170.170. There are three alleles for the ABO blood There are three alleles for the ABO blood group group in humans. Why are there only two in humans. Why are there only two alleles alleles normally present in any individual?normally present in any individual?

A.A. The alleles for the ABO blood group The alleles for the ABO blood group always segregate independently always segregate independently

during during meiosis. meiosis. B.B. Each parent contributes only one Each parent contributes only one

allele allele for the ABO blood group to the for the ABO blood group to the offspring. offspring.

C.C. Every gene for the ABO blood group Every gene for the ABO blood group must must be recessive. be recessive.

D.D. The alleles that determine the ABO The alleles that determine the ABO blood blood group are on the X-chromosome.group are on the X-chromosome.

171.171. After gametogenesis takes After gametogenesis takes place, which process restores place, which process restores the diploid chromosome the diploid chromosome

number of the species for the number of the species for the next generation?next generation?

A.A. oogenesis oogenesis

B.B. mitosis mitosis

C.C. fertilization fertilization

D.D. meiosismeiosis

172.172. In humans, which cell is In humans, which cell is produced most directly by produced most directly by mitotic cell division?mitotic cell division?

A.A. a sperm cell a sperm cell

B.B. a skin cell a skin cell

C.C. an egg cell an egg cell

D.D. a zygotea zygote

173.173. Which diagram below represents an Which diagram below represents an organism that uses external organism that uses external fertilization fertilization for the production of for the production of offspring?offspring?

A.A. 11

B.B. 22

C.C. 33

D.D. 44

                                                                                                     

1.1

174.174. Asexual reproduction of Asexual reproduction of diploid organisms normally diploid organisms normally results in new organisms that results in new organisms that contain cells withcontain cells with

A.A. more chromosomes than are more chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent found in the cells of the parent

B.B. thethe n n number of chromosomes number of chromosomes

C.C. the 2the 2nn number of number of chromosomes chromosomes

D.D. fewer chromosomes that are fewer chromosomes that are found in the cells of the parentfound in the cells of the parent

175.175. Each body cell of a Each body cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes. How many chromosomes would chromosomes would

normally normally be present in a be present in a gamete gamete produced by this produced by this chimpanzee?chimpanzee?

A.A. 24 24

B.B. 36 36

C.C. 48 48

D.D. 9696

176.176. Which diagram below represents Which diagram below represents binary fission?binary fission?

A.A. 11 B.B. 22 C.C. 33 D.D. 44

177.177. Which process is represented Which process is represented by the series of diagrams?by the series of diagrams?

A.A. gametogenesis gametogenesis

B.B. fertilization fertilization

C.C. mitotic cell division mitotic cell division

D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

178.178. The diagram represents some stages in The diagram represents some stages in the development of an embryo. Which the development of an embryo. Which stage represents a zygote?stage represents a zygote?

A.A. A A

B.B. B B

C.C. C C

D.D. DD

179.179. Warts result when certain Warts result when certain viruses viruses cause skin cells to cause skin cells to reproduce at a high rate. This reproduce at a high rate. This rapid reproduction of skin rapid reproduction of skin

cells cells is due to the viruses is due to the viruses stimulatingstimulating

A.A. cellular digestion  cellular digestion 

B.B. mitotic cell division  mitotic cell division 

C.C. synthesis processes synthesis processes

D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

180.180. Which statement is true regarding Which statement is true regarding plants produced by vegetative plants produced by vegetative propagation?propagation?

A.A. They normally exhibit only They normally exhibit only dominant characteristics. dominant characteristics.

B.B. They normally have the They normally have the monoploid number of monoploid number of chromosomes. chromosomes.

C.C. They normally obtain most of They normally obtain most of their nourishment from the seed. their nourishment from the seed.

D.D. They are normally genetically They are normally genetically identical to the parent.identical to the parent.

181.181. In many aquatic vertebrates, In many aquatic vertebrates, reproduction involves external reproduction involves external fertilization. What is a characteristic of fertilization. What is a characteristic of this type of fertilization?this type of fertilization?

A.A. Gametes fuse outside the body of Gametes fuse outside the body of the female. the female.

B.B. Gametes fuse in the moist Gametes fuse in the moist reproductive tract of the female. reproductive tract of the female.

C.C. Offspring produced have twice as Offspring produced have twice as many chromosomes as each of the many chromosomes as each of the parents. parents.

D.D. Offspring produced have only half Offspring produced have only half the number of chromosomes as the number of chromosomes as each of the parents.each of the parents.

182.182. Which is a true statement about the process Which is a true statement about the process illustrated in the diagram?illustrated in the diagram?A.A. It is the beginning of embryonic It is the beginning of embryonic

development and occurs only in a development and occurs only in a freshwater environment. freshwater environment.

B.B. It is the beginning of regeneration and It is the beginning of regeneration and occurs only within the female. occurs only within the female.

C.C. It is the beginning of embryonic It is the beginning of embryonic development and occurs within the development and occurs within the female or in water. female or in water.

D.D. It is the beginning of ovule formation It is the beginning of ovule formation and occurs on the stigma of flowers.and occurs on the stigma of flowers.

183.183. The diagram shows a sequence of The diagram shows a sequence of events. The sequence of events from events. The sequence of events from rabbits to zygote is known asrabbits to zygote is known as

A.A. sexual reproduction sexual reproduction

B.B. fission fission

C.C. sporulation sporulation

D.D. vegetative propagationvegetative propagation

184.Most cells in the body of a fruit fly 184.Most cells in the body of a fruit fly contain eight chromosomes.  How contain eight chromosomes.  How many of these chromosomes were many of these chromosomes were contributed by each parent of the contributed by each parent of the fruit fly?fruit fly?

A.A. 8 8

B.B. 2 2

C.C. 16 16

D.D. 44

185185.. Base your answer on the diagram of Base your answer on the diagram of some some stages in the development of an embryo and stages in the development of an embryo and on your knowledge of biology. Diagram on your knowledge of biology. Diagram DD

illustrates a illustrates a

A.A. late blastula stage late blastula stage

B.B. gastrula gastrula

C.C. fetus fetus

D.D. stage of meiosisstage of meiosis

186.Which is a true statement about 186.Which is a true statement about people with the genotype Ipeople with the genotype IAAIIBB for for blood blood type?type?

A.A. They have two alleles that are They have two alleles that are codominant. codominant.

B.B. They exhibit a type O They exhibit a type O phenotype. phenotype.

C.C. They are homozygous for They are homozygous for blood type A. blood type A.

D.D. They can have only type O They can have only type O children.children.

187.187. The diagrams represent paired double The diagrams represent paired double stranded chromosomes that contain genes stranded chromosomes that contain genes indicated by letters.  When does the process indicated by letters.  When does the process illustrated by the diagrams occur?illustrated by the diagrams occur?

A.A. in meiosis, after disjunction of in meiosis, after disjunction of homologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes

B.B. in mitosis, after replication of in mitosis, after replication of chromosomes chromosomes

C.C. in meiosis, during crossing-over of in meiosis, during crossing-over of homologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes

D.D. in mitosis, while chromosomes are in mitosis, while chromosomes are attaching attaching to spindle fibersto spindle fibers

188.188. In chickens, rose comb (In chickens, rose comb (RR) is ) is dominant dominant over single comb (over single comb (rr). When a ). When a

heterozygous rose-combed rooster is heterozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with several single-combed mated with several single-combed

hens, what is the expected phenotypic hens, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?ratio of the offspring?

A.A. 100% rose-combed 100% rose-combed

B.B. 100% single-combed 100% single-combed

C.C. 75% rose-combed and 25% 75% rose-combed and 25% single-combed single-combed

D.D. 50% rose-combed and 50% 50% rose-combed and 50% single-combedsingle-combed

189. A man with normal color vision 189. A man with normal color vision married a woman with normal married a woman with normal color color vision whose father was vision whose father was colorblind. colorblind. Their chance of having Their chance of having a colorblind a colorblind daughter isdaughter is

A.A. 0% 0%

B.B. 25% 25%

C.C. 75% 75%

D.D. 100%100%

190. Genes for two different traits that 190. Genes for two different traits that are located next to each other on are located next to each other on the the same chromosome would most same chromosome would most likely likely bebe

A.A. inherited separately inherited separately

B.B. codominant codominant

C.C. recombined recombined

D.D. inherited togetherinherited together

191. The process of cleavage leads 191. The process of cleavage leads most directly to the formation of a most directly to the formation of a

A.A. zygote zygote

B.B. gonad gonad

C.C. gamete gamete

D.D. blastulablastula

192.192. Normal mitotic cell division results in Normal mitotic cell division results in each daughter cell havingeach daughter cell having

A.A. half the number of chromosomes half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. as the parent cell.

B.B. the same number and kinds of the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell chromosomes as the parent cell

C.C. the same number but different the same number but different kinds of chromosomes as the kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell parent cell

D.D. twice the number of chromosomes twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cellas the parent cell

193. Which reproductive adaptation is 193. Which reproductive adaptation is characteristic of most fish and characteristic of most fish and amphibians?amphibians?

A.A. Their gametes always fuse in Their gametes always fuse in the moist reproductive tract of the moist reproductive tract of the female. the female.

B.B. They only produce nonmetals They only produce nonmetals gametes. gametes.

C.C. They produce small numbers They produce small numbers of eggs. of eggs.

D.D. Their zygotes are formed in the Their zygotes are formed in the external environment.external environment.

194.194. In the diagrams of mitotic cell division, In the diagrams of mitotic cell division, which structure is present in diagram which structure is present in diagram BB but not in diagram but not in diagram AA??

A.A. centriole centriole

B.B. cell plate cell plate

C.C. cell membrane cell membrane

D.D. cytoplasmcytoplasm

195. In animals, which condition is 195. In animals, which condition is necessary for externalnecessary for external

fertilization?fertilization?

A.A. the presence of carbon the presence of carbon dioxide dioxide

B.B. a moist environment a moist environment

C.C. a motile egg cell a motile egg cell

D.D. the absence of lightthe absence of light

196.196. Base your answer on the diagram which Base your answer on the diagram which represents a biochemical process that occurs represents a biochemical process that occurs in in a cell and your knowledge of biology. The a cell and your knowledge of biology. The organelle labeled organelle labeled ZZ represents a represents a

A.A. ribosome ribosome B.B. golgi body golgi body C.C. mitochondrion mitochondrion D.D. nucleusnucleus

197.197. In many placental mammals, In many placental mammals, reproduction involves internal reproduction involves internal fertilization. What is a characteristic of fertilization. What is a characteristic of this type of fertilization?this type of fertilization?

A.A. Gametes fuse outside the body of Gametes fuse outside the body of the female. the female.

B.B. Gametes fuse in the moist Gametes fuse in the moist reproductive tract of the female. reproductive tract of the female.

C.C. Offspring produced have twice as Offspring produced have twice as many chromosomes as each of the many chromosomes as each of the parents. parents.

D.D. Offspring produced have only half Offspring produced have only half the number of chromosomes as the number of chromosomes as each of the parents.each of the parents.

198. Two genes for two different traits 198. Two genes for two different traits located on the same chromosome located on the same chromosome are said to be are said to be

A.A. homozygous homozygous

B.B. independently assorted independently assorted

C.C. mutagenic agents mutagenic agents

D.D. linkedlinked

199. The principles of dominance, 199. The principles of dominance, segregation, and independent segregation, and independent assortment resulted from studies assortment resulted from studies by Mendel of the inheritance of by Mendel of the inheritance of traits traits inin

A.A. four-o'clock flowers four-o'clock flowers

B.B. roan cattle roan cattle

C.C. fruit flies fruit flies

D.D. pea plantspea plants

200.200. A colorblind man married a woman A colorblind man married a woman with normal color vision whose mother with normal color vision whose mother was colorblind. Their chance of having was colorblind. Their chance of having a a normal vision daughter isnormal vision daughter is

A.A. 0% 0%

B.B. 25% 25%

C.C. 75% 75%

D.D. 100%100%

201.201. In cats, a pair of In cats, a pair of X-X-chromosomes will chromosomes will produce a female, while an produce a female, while an X-X- and a and a Y-Y-chromosome will produce a male. Fur color is chromosome will produce a male. Fur color is controlled by a single pair of alleles. The alleles controlled by a single pair of alleles. The alleles for orange fur and for black fur are located on for orange fur and for black fur are located on the the X-X-chromosome, only. Tortoiseshell cats have chromosome, only. Tortoiseshell cats have one allele for orange fur and one for black fur. one allele for orange fur and one for black fur. Which statement concerning fur color in cats is Which statement concerning fur color in cats is true?true?

A.A. Only female cats can be tortoiseshell. Only female cats can be tortoiseshell.

B.B. Only male cats can be tortoiseshell. Only male cats can be tortoiseshell.

C.C. Males need two alleles to have orange Males need two alleles to have orange fur. fur.

D.D. Males need two alleles to have black Males need two alleles to have black fur.fur.

202. A diploid cell of a normal human 202. A diploid cell of a normal human male containsmale contains

A.A. 22 autosomes and two Y-22 autosomes and two Y-chromosomes chromosomes

B.B. 22 pairs of autosomes and two 22 pairs of autosomes and two Y-chromosomes Y-chromosomes

C.C. 22 pairs of autosomes, one X-22 pairs of autosomes, one X-chromosome, and one Y-chromosome, and one Y-chromosome chromosome

D.D. 22 autosomes and two X-22 autosomes and two X-chromosomeschromosomes

203.203. The diagram represents stages in the The diagram represents stages in the development of a chordate. Which development of a chordate. Which process is represented in diagram 4?process is represented in diagram 4?

A.A. fertilization fertilization

B.B. gametogenesis gametogenesis

C.C. mitosis mitosis

D.D. meiosismeiosis

204.204. In animals that reproduce sexually, In animals that reproduce sexually, which is the correct sequence for the which is the correct sequence for the development of a new organism?development of a new organism?

A.A. gametes - zygote - fertilization - gametes - zygote - fertilization - embryo embryo

B.B. fertilization - zygote - gametes - fertilization - zygote - gametes - embryo embryo

C.C. zygote - gametes - fertilization - zygote - gametes - fertilization - embryo embryo

D.D. gametes - fertilization - zygote - gametes - fertilization - zygote - qembryoqembryo

205.205. A cell with a diploid chromosome A cell with a diploid chromosome number of 12 divided two times, number of 12 divided two times, producing producing four cells with six four cells with six chromosomes each. The chromosomes each. The process that process that produced these four cells was produced these four cells was most most likelylikely

A.A. internal fertilization internal fertilization

B.B. external fertilization external fertilization

C.C. mitotic cell division mitotic cell division

D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

206. 206. Potatoes, strawberries, and Potatoes, strawberries, and seedless oranges are generally seedless oranges are generally produced by an asexual means produced by an asexual means of reproduction known asof reproduction known as

A.A. sporulation sporulation

B.B. budding budding

C.C. binary fission binary fission

D.D. vegetative propagationvegetative propagation

207. 207. Complex organisms produce Complex organisms produce sex cells that unite during sex cells that unite during fertilization, fertilization, forming a single forming a single

cell known ascell known as

A.A. an embryo an embryo

B.B. a gamete a gamete

C.C. a gonad a gonad

D.D. a zygotea zygote

208.208. Which statement best explains the Which statement best explains the significance of meiosis in the evolution significance of meiosis in the evolution of of a species?a species?

A.A. Meiosis produces eggs and sperm Meiosis produces eggs and sperm that are alike. that are alike.

B.B. Meiosis provides for chromosomal Meiosis provides for chromosomal variation in the gametes produced variation in the gametes produced by an organism. by an organism.

C.C. Equal numbers of eggs and sperm Equal numbers of eggs and sperm are produced by meiosis. are produced by meiosis.

D.D. The gametes produced by meiosis The gametes produced by meiosis ensure the continuation of any ensure the continuation of any particular species by asexual particular species by asexual reproduction. reproduction.

209. 209. The production of motile The production of motile monoploid gametes takes place monoploid gametes takes place inin

A.A. ureters ureters

B.B. ovaries ovaries

C.C. male gonads male gonads

D.D. gastric glandsgastric glands

210. 210. During meiotic cell division, the During meiotic cell division, the process in which homologous process in which homologous pairs of chromosomes separate pairs of chromosomes separate and move apart is known asand move apart is known as

A.A. internal fertilization internal fertilization

B.B. regeneration regeneration

C.C. binary fission binary fission

D.D. disjunctiondisjunction

211. 211. Which organism is most likely to Which organism is most likely to use anaerobic respiration?use anaerobic respiration?

A.A. birdbird

B.B. mossmoss

C.C. treetree

D.D. yeastyeast

212. 212. What process produces many What process produces many variations in phenotypes?variations in phenotypes?

A.A. Independent Independent assortmentassortment

B.B. Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction

C.C. RegenerationRegeneration

D.D. CloningCloning

213. 213. A plant species lives in an area A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which with limited sunlight. Which physical adaptation would be physical adaptation would be most useful to the plant?most useful to the plant?

A.A. colorful flowerscolorful flowers

B.B. large leaveslarge leaves

C.C. deep rootsdeep roots

D.D. thin cuticlethin cuticle

214. 214. RNA and DNA are which type RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound?of organic compound?

A.A. carbohydratecarbohydrate

B.B. lipidlipid

C.C. nucleic acidnucleic acid

D.D. proteinprotein

215.215. What advantage do sexually What advantage do sexually reproducing organisms have reproducing organisms have

over asexually reproducing over asexually reproducing organisms?organisms?

A.A. genetic variationgenetic variation

B.B. genetic stabilitygenetic stability

C.C. increased fertilization increased fertilization raterate

D.D. increased reproductive increased reproductive raterate

216.216. In humans, which cell is In humans, which cell is produced most directly by produced most directly by mitotic cell division?mitotic cell division?

A.A. a sperm cell a sperm cell

B.B. a skin cell a skin cell

C.C. an egg cell an egg cell

D.D. a zygotea zygote

217.217. The individual strands of a The individual strands of a double-stranded chromosome double-stranded chromosome are joined together by a are joined together by a

A.A. cilium cilium

B.B. cyton cyton

C.C. chromatid chromatid

D.D. centromerecentromere

218.218. The diagrams represent a cell process. The diagrams represent a cell process. If If the cell in Diagram 1 contains 4 the cell in Diagram 1 contains 4 chromosomes, what is the total number chromosomes, what is the total number of of chromosomes in each cell in Diagram chromosomes in each cell in Diagram 3?3?

A.A. 8 8 B.B. 2 2 C.C. 16 16 D.D. 44

219.219. Which process is represented by the Which process is represented by the series of diagrams?series of diagrams?

A.A. gametogenesis gametogenesis B.B. fertilization fertilization C.C. mitotic cell division mitotic cell division D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

220. Warts result when certain viruses 220. Warts result when certain viruses cause skin cells to reproduce at a cause skin cells to reproduce at a high rate. This rapid reproduction high rate. This rapid reproduction of skin cells is due to the viruses of skin cells is due to the viruses stimulatingstimulating

A.A. cellular digestion  cellular digestion 

B.B. mitotic cell division  mitotic cell division 

C.C. synthesis processes synthesis processes

D.D. meiotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division

221.221. In the diagram of a polymer, the In the diagram of a polymer, the repeating subunits are known as repeating subunits are known as

A.A. amino acids amino acids B.B. polysaccharides polysaccharides C.C. nucleotides nucleotides D.D. fatty acidsfatty acids

222.222. The diagram represents a cross section of The diagram represents a cross section of a a leaf. Water absorbed by the roots of the leaf. Water absorbed by the roots of the leaf leaf is conducted to the rest of the plant by is conducted to the rest of the plant by structurestructure

A.A. A A B.B. B B C.C. C C D.D. DD

223.223. What is the primary role of vascular What is the primary role of vascular tissue in plants?tissue in plants?

A. To carry sperm to the egg cells.A. To carry sperm to the egg cells.

B. To produce pollen.B. To produce pollen.

C. to transport materials throughout C. to transport materials throughout the the plant. plant.

D. to protect seeds during dispersalD. to protect seeds during dispersal

224.224. What is the function of flowers in What is the function of flowers in angiosperms?angiosperms?

A.A. They serve as reproductive They serve as reproductive structures.structures.

B.B. They carry food to needle-like They carry food to needle-like leaves.leaves.

C.C. They conduct photosynthesis.They conduct photosynthesis.

D.D. They produce fruit to protect They produce fruit to protect seeds.seeds.

225.225. What might cause a frog to become What might cause a frog to become dormant?dormant?

A.A. Temperatures become extremely Temperatures become extremely cold.cold.

B.B. Insects are added to an Insects are added to an ecosystem.ecosystem.

C.C. A frog develops from a tadpole.A frog develops from a tadpole.

D.D. A frog needs to lay eggs on land.A frog needs to lay eggs on land.

226.226. What is the tough covering that What is the tough covering that supports supports and protects the body of an and protects the body of an insect?insect?

A.A. thoraxthorax

B.B. pupapupa

C.C. exoskeletonexoskeleton

D.D. abdomenabdomen

227.227. Which structures do amoebas use for Which structures do amoebas use for movement?movement?

A.A. ciliacilia

B.B. flagellaflagella

C.C. pseudopodspseudopods

D.D. finsfins

228.228. What characterizes all members of the What characterizes all members of the same species?same species?

A.A. They are genetically identical.They are genetically identical.

B.B. They have the same outward They have the same outward appearance.appearance.

C.C. They can breed to produce viable They can breed to produce viable offspring.offspring.

D.D. They live in the same habitat.They live in the same habitat.

EOCEOC ReviewReview

Open EndedOpen Ended QuestionsQuestions

1.1. Plants store carbohydrates as what?Plants store carbohydrates as what?

2.2. The two top receiving chambers of the heart.The two top receiving chambers of the heart.

3.3. Enzymes found in the mouth that digest sugar?Enzymes found in the mouth that digest sugar?

4.4. Why is water considered inorganic?Why is water considered inorganic?

5.5. ““ose” at the end of a word denotes a what?ose” at the end of a word denotes a what?

6.6. The organ that produces insulin.The organ that produces insulin.

7.7. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body?body?

8.8. Animal-like protists are called what?Animal-like protists are called what?

9.9. Plant-like protists are called what?Plant-like protists are called what?

10.10. Name the two types of fungus-like protists.Name the two types of fungus-like protists.

11.11. ““ase” at the end of a word denotes a what?ase” at the end of a word denotes a what?

12.12. Whip-like structure in some unicellular Whip-like structure in some unicellular organisms used for mobility.organisms used for mobility.

13.13. Developed the double helix model of DNA.Developed the double helix model of DNA.

14.14. What is the exoskeleton of an arthropod What is the exoskeleton of an arthropod composed of?composed of?

15.15. The most posterior segment of an arthropod.The most posterior segment of an arthropod.

16.16. Two cell organelles outside the nucleus that has Two cell organelles outside the nucleus that has its own DNA.its own DNA.

17.17. First man to pen the term “cell.”First man to pen the term “cell.”

18.18. Number of chromosomes in a normal human.Number of chromosomes in a normal human.

19.19. Pairs of chromosomes having genes for Pairs of chromosomes having genes for different traits.different traits.

20.20. Sleep-like state of animals in extreme heat as in Sleep-like state of animals in extreme heat as in a desert.a desert.

21.21. Where segmented worms store food before its Where segmented worms store food before its ground in their body.ground in their body.

22.22. In humans, which cells are produced by meiotic In humans, which cells are produced by meiotic cell division?cell division?

23.23. This cell organelle is the site of photosynthesis.This cell organelle is the site of photosynthesis.

24.24. Movement of a substance from high to low Movement of a substance from high to low concentration.concentration.

25.25. The movement of a substance from low to high The movement of a substance from low to high concentration requiring energy concentration requiring energy

26.26. The energy molecule in the body.The energy molecule in the body.

27.27. The diffusion of water.The diffusion of water.

28.28. The Father of Genetics.The Father of Genetics.

29.29. This organ mixes food with hydrochloric acid This organ mixes food with hydrochloric acid and gastric juices making it a soup mixture.and gastric juices making it a soup mixture.

30.30. Tube that carries food from the mouth to the Tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.stomach.

31.31. Learned behavior by constant practice.Learned behavior by constant practice.

32.32. Exchange of information between organisms.Exchange of information between organisms.

33.33. Instinctive seasonal movement of animals from Instinctive seasonal movement of animals from place to place.place to place.

34.34. An inherited behavior in animals.An inherited behavior in animals.

35.35. Learned behavior by trying something to see ifLearned behavior by trying something to see if

it works to get what the animal wants.it works to get what the animal wants.

36.36. ½ the number of chromosomes.½ the number of chromosomes.

37.37. Pumping chambers of the heart.Pumping chambers of the heart.

38.38. A change in the amino acid sequence of DNA.A change in the amino acid sequence of DNA.

39.39. Name the four types of blood in humans.Name the four types of blood in humans.

40.40. Gregor Mendel did his work on what organisms?Gregor Mendel did his work on what organisms?

41.41. Where absorption takes place in digestive Where absorption takes place in digestive system?system?

42.42. Helps digestion by storing bile.Helps digestion by storing bile.

43.43. A mutation may be passed on to future A mutation may be passed on to future generations if it occurs within what specialized generations if it occurs within what specialized cells?cells?

44.44. Centrioles are cell structures involved primarily Centrioles are cell structures involved primarily in what process?in what process?

45.45. Invertebrates does not possess what?Invertebrates does not possess what?

46.46. Innate behavior by which animals form a social Innate behavior by which animals form a social ranking within a group.ranking within a group.

47.47. Vestigial organ found attached to the large Vestigial organ found attached to the large intestines in humans.intestines in humans.

48.48. A learned behavior that occurs by using past A learned behavior that occurs by using past experience to respond to a new situation.experience to respond to a new situation.

49.49. What is the chemical formula for glucose?What is the chemical formula for glucose?

50.50. The level with the greatest biomass in an energy The level with the greatest biomass in an energy pyramid.pyramid.

51.51. An animal that feeds exclusively on herbivores.An animal that feeds exclusively on herbivores.

52.52. Another name for a dependent variable.Another name for a dependent variable.

53.53. Another name for an independent variable.Another name for an independent variable.

54.54. Amino acids are held together by what kind of Amino acids are held together by what kind of bond?bond?

55.55. Living factors in an ecosystem.Living factors in an ecosystem.

56.56. An organism that is able to make its own food.An organism that is able to make its own food.

57.57. An organism that is not able to make its own An organism that is not able to make its own food.food.

58.58. What is the simple sugar found in RNA?What is the simple sugar found in RNA?

59.59. The part of an experiment that is not changed The part of an experiment that is not changed and is used for comparison.and is used for comparison.

60.60. Part of the digestive system in segmented Part of the digestive system in segmented worms where absorption occurs.worms where absorption occurs.

61.61. Hair-like projections that line the underside of Hair-like projections that line the underside of many unicellular organisms.many unicellular organisms.

62.62. Invented the first microscope.Invented the first microscope.

63.63. State of reduced metabolism occurring when State of reduced metabolism occurring when animals sleep during the winter.animals sleep during the winter.

64.64. Structures located underneath an earth worm Structures located underneath an earth worm used for mobility.used for mobility.

65.65. Name the types of RNA?Name the types of RNA?

66.66. Food grinding organ in a segmented worm.Food grinding organ in a segmented worm.

67.67. What kind of circulatory system does the What kind of circulatory system does the segmented worm have?segmented worm have?

68.68. These vessels carry blood away from the heart.These vessels carry blood away from the heart.

69.69. The vein where oxygenated blood occurs.The vein where oxygenated blood occurs.

70.70. Artery where deoxygenated blood occur.Artery where deoxygenated blood occur.

71.71. Gland where steroids and adrenalin is made.Gland where steroids and adrenalin is made.

72.72. Gland that produces estrogen in females.Gland that produces estrogen in females.

73.73. Gland that produces testosterone in males.Gland that produces testosterone in males.

74.74. The master gland that controls the other glands The master gland that controls the other glands in the endocrine system.in the endocrine system.

75.75. The large bone found in birds that provides The large bone found in birds that provides strength for flight.strength for flight.

76.76. The egg laying mammals are known as what?The egg laying mammals are known as what?

77.77. Kangaroos are what type of mammals?Kangaroos are what type of mammals?

78.78. What does it mean to be bipedal?What does it mean to be bipedal?

79.79. An organism that eats only producers.An organism that eats only producers.

80.80. An organism that feed exclusively on other An organism that feed exclusively on other consumers.consumers.

81.81. Organisms that feed on dead or decaying Organisms that feed on dead or decaying animals.animals.

82.82. Organisms that feed on plants and animals Organisms that feed on plants and animals (consumers and producers).(consumers and producers).

83.83. A word that means “living together.’A word that means “living together.’

84.84. A symbiotic relationship where both benefit.A symbiotic relationship where both benefit.

85.85. A symbiotic relationship where one benefit and A symbiotic relationship where one benefit and the other is neither helped nor harmed.the other is neither helped nor harmed.

86.86. A symbiotic relationship where one benefit at the A symbiotic relationship where one benefit at the expense of the other.expense of the other.