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ENZYMES OF DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE

Submitted by RAJESH KUMAR SAHU MVSc (VPH)

Rajesh kumar sahu

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Enzymes in Major Diagnostic Use

Enzyme Disease

Acid phosphatase Prostate cancerAlkaline phosphatase Liver and bone

diseaseAmylase Acute pancreatitisAspartateaminotransferase Liver and heart

diseaseAlanineaminotransferase Viral hepatitis

Creatininekinase Muscle disorders and myocardial infarction

Lactate dehydrogenase Myocardial infarctionLipase Acute pancreatitis

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ACID PHOSPHATASE(ACP)It is basically phospho-

monoestaraseStored in lysosomeDifferent forms found in different

organsTheir serum level used in

prostate cancerAn assay on the rates of activity

of these enzymes may be used to acertain biological demand for phosphate in soil.

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ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (AP)It is a glycoprotein with subunit

masses ranging from 40-83 kDaAP found in intestine,kidney,liver

and boneAP found in bile cannalicular

membrane of hepatocytes of healthy dogs and rats

Also sinusoidal surface of human being

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CONTINUE….In man there are two genes coding for

APINTESTINAL AP( IAP)TISSUE UNSPECIFIC AP ( UAP)Increase of serum UAP denotes

cholestasisIn dogs under the influnce of excess

gluco corticoids it produces hyper glycosylated form of IAP called as CAP

CAP present in the serum of hyperadrenal corticism and prolonged ill ness.

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CREATININE KINASE (CK)It has four iso enzymes which are

dimers of two protomers with individual masses of 40 kDa

CK activated by Mg+2Serum CK serves as indicator of

cardiac infarctionBruising, prolonged recumbency,

convulsion, shievering results in incresed CK

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ALANINE AMINO TRANSFERASE

Incresed ALT activity is seen in hepatocyte damage

Human and porcine ALT are relatively stable at room temp but when frozen 60% activity loss

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ASPARTATE AMINO TRANSFERASEAST has two iso-enzymes

cytosolic and mitochondrial which has masses about 92kDa

Presence of AST denotes soft tissue damage,

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SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASEAlso called iditol dehydrogenaseHepatocytes have high SDH

activity and incresed plasma SDH is consistent of hepatocytes damage in many species.

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Lactate dehydrogenaseIt is tetramers of two protomers

with molecular weight 35kDaHamolysis appreciable increses

the LDHAnticoagulant such as EDTA and

oxaltes directly inhibit LDH activity

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Cholinterase (ChE)Has acytocholine as substrateOrgano phosphate

insectisides,nerve gas are the inhibitors

Decresed ChE in acute infection,pulmonary infection,muscular dystrophy,renal disease,insecticide intoxication

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Alpha amylaseCa +2 dependedPancreatic dis-order indiction

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γ-glutamyl transferasePhysiological function is

speculated with glutathione metabolism.

Cholestatic disorder results in incresed serum the enzyme activity.

Also indicator of nephro-toxicityBile duct disease also increses

the enzyme conc

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THANK U

HAVE A NICE DAY