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Environment:Panchamahabhuta
2
Indian mythology, Panchamahabhuta stands for five
physical elements: Earth (Prithvi), Water (Jal), Fire (Agni), Air (Vayu) and Aether / Space (Aakash).
Vision Statement
Improvement in the Board's functional efficiency,
transparency in operation and adequate response to growing
need of environmental protection and sustainable
development in State of Maharashtra.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES!
Legislations, Regulations & Notifications
Various Acts implemented & followed by MPCB:
• Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
• Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977
• Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
• Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management & Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2016
• Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016
• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
• Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001.
• Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
Continued…
• Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and
amendments thereof.
• CRZ Notification, 2011
• Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000
• Right to Information Act, 2005
• National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
Major Functions of the Board
• Regulatory functions:
• Consent to Establish and Operate under Water Act, 1974 and Air Act, 1981
• Authorization under Hazardous Waste Rules, 2016, Bio-medical waste Rules, 2016, Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, Plastic Rules, 2011
• Enforcement and compliance :
- Air and liquid effluent discharge standards through proper
vigilance(visits & samplings)
- Legal actions including Directions & Bank Guarantee’s in case of non-
compliance
• Common Waste Disposal Facilities
• To promote common infrastructure facilities for Waste management i.e. CETP, CHWTSDF, CBMWTSDF
• Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance:
• Water quality and ambient air quality monitoring network
• Noise levels monitoring
• Public Awareness and information dissemination.
8
Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETPs)
1
District No.
1 MMR Region 08
2 Raigad 04
3 Pune 03
4 Kolhapur 04
5 Solapur 02
6 Aurangabad 01
7 Nagpur 01
8 Ratnagiri 01
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
10
In India the NSF WQI is being used by CPCB, with a slightmodification in weights (Abbasi, 2002, CPCB, 2001).
The NSF WQI is expressed mathematically as:
p
NSFWQI = ∑ wiIi,
i=1
Where
Ii = sub index for i th water quality parameter
wi = weight (in terms of importance) associated with
water quality parameter
p = number of water quality parameters.References:
CPCB, 2001, Environmental Atlas of India, New Delhi: Central Pollution Control
Board.
Abbasi, S.A., 2002, Water Quality Indices State–of–the–Art, Pondicherry:
Pondicherry University, Centre for Pollution Control & Energy Technology
Types of Water PollutionOxygen in Atmosphere – 21 %
- Phytoplankton - 50-85% Pollutant produced by @ 7.2 Billion People
Pollution of Streams and Lakes
Ocean Pollution
Groundwater Pollution
Sources of Pollution
•Factories
•Sewage
•Mines
•Wells
•Tankers
Non Point
•Acid Deposition
•Seepages into groundwater
•Agriculture 50% pollutants
Monitoring Stations of WQRC Agencies
Sr.
No.
Organization No. of Stations
1 HP, Nashik 127
2 CWC 34
3 MPCB 250 (NWMP) +
43 (SWMP)
4 GSDA 3370
5 CGWB 1044
Total 4868
COASTAL WATER STATUS
• Water pollution on the coastal front directly impact the marine ecosystem and the humans and therefore it is of significant importance to monitor sea water quality.
• MPCB has 36 monitoring stations ( 16 sea and 20 creek ) along the sensitive and pollution prone areas of coastline of the state.
• Monthly monitoring for 27 core and general parameters is carried out.
• Trace metals and pesticides are analysed twice in a year, in the months of April and October.
• Water Quality Index is calculated using NSF formula and CPCB modification which depicts the water quality in simple and easy way for general public at large.
• Four parameters are considered for WQI – pH, DO, BOD & FC.
Prioritywise list of rivers declared by CPCB on 2015 based on data of 2009-12 ( Total 49 rivers & 49
stretches)
Priority 1
(4 nos.)
Priority 2
(5 nos.)
Priority 3
(18 nos.)
Priority 4
(12 nos.)
Priority 5
(10 nos.)
GODAVARI KANHAN AMRAVATI BHATSA AMBA
MITHI KRISHNA BHIMA BINDUSARA HIWARA
MORNA KUNDALIKA CHANDRABHAGA DARNA MOR
WARDHA PURNA GHOD GIRNA PANZARA
WAINGANGA INDRAYANI GOMAI PATALGANGA
MULA KAN PELHAR
MULA - MUTHA KOYNA ULHAS
MUTHA MANJARA VAITARNA
NIRA PANCHGANGA VASHISHTI
PAWNA SURYA WAGHUR
PEDHI URMODI
PENGANGA VENNA
RANGAVALI
SAVITRI
SINA
TAPI
VEL
WENA
Prioritywise list of rivers as on May ,2017
Priority 1 (1
nos.)
Priority 2 (0
nos.)
Priority 3
(4 nos.)
Priority 4 (11
nos.)
Priority 5
(28 nos.)
Mithi Morna Bhima Amba, Amravati
Mula Ghod Bhatsa, Bindusara
Mula-Mutha Godavari Chandrabhaga, Darna,
Gomai
Pawna Indrayni, Hiwara, Koyna Girna,
kanhanKundalika, Manjara,
Mor
Nira Mutha, Panzara
PedhiPatalganga, Pelhar,
Penganga
PurnaRangavali, Sina,
Surya, Tapi
VelUlhas, Vaitarna,
Venna, Waghur
Wardha, Urmodi Wainganga, Wena
Priority Levels Number of
stretches based
on 2009-12 data
Number of
stretches
based on
2014-15 data
Number of
stretches
based on
2015-16 data
Number of
stretches based
on 2016-17 data
Priority 1 4 1 1 1
Priority 2 05 0 0 0
Priority 3 18 8 6 4
Priority 4 12 10 18 11
Priority 5 10 20 10 28
Non polluted - 10 13 5
Dry 1
Total 49 49 49 49
• Note: 1) Five stretches are less polluted, BOD< 3 mg/L of following
rivers
Kan,
Krishna
Panchganga
Savitri
Vashishti
Sources of Water Pollution:
Urban development
Industrial Wastewater
Resurfacing of Previously Deposited Pollutants
Solid Waste Dumping Scenario in River
Disposal of Domestic sewage without any treatment from
Municipal Councils & villages located near bank of rivers into the
rivers.
Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste into river from villagers near
bank of rivers.
Human activities like - cloth washing, vehicle washing, animals
washing and human excreta disposal.
Short Term Mitigation Measures:
1. At the Source treatment facilities adopted as the first step for unorganized and small
clusters of industries such as auto-service centre, bakeries, laundries, bottle washing
units, etc.
2. Effective implementation of Operation and Maintenance of ETP/STP in Organized &
large scale industries including hotels & restaurants.
3. Control over Open Defecation / solid waste dumping through installation of sulabh
sauchalaya concept and in-situ solid waste treatment facility in each stretch.
4. Treatment facility to be installed for all designated Nallahs as per Criticality Indices -
either in-situ or ex-situ.
5. Effective collection and transfer mechanism for sewage, industrial or otherwise
source wastewater shall be implemented and connected to proposed treatment
facilities.
6. Silt accumulation and removal though already an ongoing practice needs to be
improved by enhanced scientific & effective removal followed by scientific disposal
especially silt accumulated in the nallahs at the mouth of the river
Long Term Management Measures:
1. All those stretches of river represented by Pink colour code of Criticality as per indices
shall be equipped with tertiary and quaternary treatment facilities
2. The earlier fitted STP’s and treatment facilities for at source wastewater generators for
short term mitigations shall need up-gradation through installing polishing quaternary
treatment units
3. There might also be need for mechanical agitation / aeration through natural or other
means within the course of river especially in the first half of river stretches for
effectively adding up and maintaining DO levels above 6mg/l
4. Absolute vigilance and zero disposal of solid waste or entry of runoffs carrying open
defecated matter shall find its way into the river at any point of time
5. Cluster development based on typical / representative generator of particular type of
waste such as scrap dealers, bottle washing units, buffalo sheds (Gothas),
electroplaters & laundry through allotting locations that are equipped with environment
infrastructure facilities
6. Eventually all automobile service / washing centre to adopt zero discharge policy.
E- Bulletin of Water Quality
National Water Monitoring Programme
(NWMP)
Water Quality Index Summary of 250
Stations in Maharashtra
WQI for surface water
The National Sanitation Foundation, USA developed the Water Quality Index (
NSFWQI ), a standardized method for comparing the water quality of various
water bodies. .
Given the parameters monitored in India under NWMP and to maintain the
uniformity while comparing the WQI across the nation,the NSF WQI has been
modified and relative weights have been assigned by CPCB. Four parameters (
pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Fecal Coliform ) are
used for calculating WQI for surface water.
Upon determining the Water Quality Index, the water quality is described for
easy understanding and interpretation.
Water Quality Index – Surface Water
WQI Quality ClassificationClass by
CPCBRemarks Colour Code
63 - 100 Good to excellent A Non Polluted
50 - 63 Medium to Good B Non Polluted
38 - 50 Bad C Polluted
38 and less Bad to Very Bad D, E Heavily Polluted
WQI for ground water
MPCB monitors ground water quality once in six months. Based on the
stringency of the parameters and its relative importance in the overall quality
of water for drinking purposes each parameter has been assigned specifc
weightage by CPCB. Theseweights indicate the relative harmfulness when
present in water. Nine parameters ( pH, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness,
Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Total Dissolved Solids, Fluoride, Nitrate,
Sulphate ) are considered for calculating Water Quality Index of ground
water.
Water Quality Index - Ground Water
WQI Water Quality Colour Code
<50 Excellent
50-100 Good Water
100-200 Poor Water
200-300 Very Very Poor Water
>300 Water Unsuitable for drinking
Water Quality Index for 200 locations during August 2017
WQI Category WQI Number of WQI values in different category
No. of WQI % of WQI
Good to Excellent 63-100 137 71.35
Medium to Good 50-63 39 20.31
Bad 38-50 9 4.69
Bad to Very Bad 38 and less 7 3.65
Total WQI values 192 100
Summary :
176: WQI values or 91.66 % values are in category of
Good
to Excellent and Medium to Good.
9 : WQI values or 4.69 % are in category of Bad.
7 : WQI values or 3.65 % are in category of Bad to Very
Bad.
A)Nashik Region(BAD)
1) 2179 - Godavari river at Hanuman Ghat, Village- Nashik city, Taluka- Nashik,
District- Nashik.
1) 2667 - Hiwara river at D/S of Pachora, Village- Pachora,Taluka-
Jalgaon,District- Jalgaon.
1) 2674 - Mor river near Padalashe, Village- Padalashe,Taluka- Jalgaon,
District- Jalgaon.
1) 2718 - Waghur river at- Sakegaon before Confluence with Tapi river, Village-
Sakegaon,Taluka- Jalgaon,District- Jalgaon.
A)Pune Region
(BAD)
1) 2678 - Mutha river near Veer Savarkar Bhavan, Village- Pune M.C, Taluka-
Pune, District -Pune.
2) 2191 - Mutha river at Sangam bridge near Ganapathyghat, Village -
Shivaji Nagar, Taluka- Pune, District- Pune.
3) 2679 - Mutha river at Deccan bridge, Village- Deccan,Taluka- Pune, District-
Pune.
4) 1189 - Bhima river at Pune (Mutha river) at U/s of Vithalwadi near Shankar
Mandir, Village- Vithalwadi, Taluka- Haweli, District- Pune.
A)Thane Region
(BAD TO VERY BAD)
1) 2784 - Sandoz nalla, Village- Sandozbaug,Taluka- Thane,District-
Thane.
2) 2782 - Rabodi nalla, Village- Rabodi,Taluka- Thane, District-
Thane.
3) 2785 - BPT, Navapur, Village- Navapur, Taluka- Palghar, District-
Thane.
4) 2786 - Tarapur MIDC Nalla ( near Sump 1), Village- MIDC Tarapur,
Taluka-
Palghar, District- Thane.
1) 2787 - Tarapur MIDC Nalla ( Near Sump 2), Village- MIDC
Tarapur, Taluka-
Palghar, District- Thane.
1) 2788 - Tarapur MIDC Nalla ( Near Sump 3), Village- MIDC
Tarapur, Taluka-
Palghar, District- Thane.