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Environmental Impact Assessment for Biofuel Associated Chemicals Chem 234 Chris Vulpe Spring 2013

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Page 1: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Environmental  Impact  Assessment  for  Biofuel  Associated  Chemicals  

Chem  234  Chris  Vulpe  Spring  2013  

Page 2: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Environmental  Impact  Assessment  • Environmental  Fate  and  Transport  (EFT)  • Persistence  (P)  • BioaccumulaEon  (B)  • Toxicity  (T)  

Compound      

Environmental  Fate  and  Transport  

Persistence   Bio-­‐accumula8on  

Toxicity  (acute)  

Toxicity  (chronic)  

Addi8onal  Selected  Impacts  Water  specific  -­‐Eutrophica8on  poten8al    Air  specific  -­‐  Ambient  ozone  forma8on  

           Par8culate  forma8on  

Page 3: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Air  

Water  

TerresEal  

Soil  

Groundwater  

Plants   Animals  

ParEculate  

Atmospheric  

Freshwater  

Sediment  

Water  

Marine  

Sediment  

Water  

P  E  R  S  I  S  T  E  N  C  E  

         

Microbial    DegradaEon  

Algae  

1˚  Consumer  

2˚  Consumer  

Apex  Consumer  

B  I  O  A  C  C  U  M  A  L  A  T  I  O  N    

C  H  E  M  I  C  A  L    S  O  U  R  C  E  

E  N  V  I  R  O  N  M  E  N  T  A  L  

F  A  T  E  

TRANSPORT  

Page 4: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Environmental  Fate  and  Transport  (EFT)    

•  Rarely  measured    •  Use  Environmental  Fate  models  to  esEmate  distribuEon  to  different  media  (air,  soil,  water)  

•  Use  Transport  models  to  esEmate  movement  through  each  media  

•  Important  for  determinaEon  of  appropriate  endpoints  (bad  things  we  should  worry  about)  for  each  chemical.  

Page 5: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Environmental  Fate  and  Transport  Data  

•  Environmental  Fate  Data  Base  –    – hYp://esc.syrres.com/fatepointer/search.asp  

•  eChem  Portal  property  search  – hYp://www.echemportal.org/    

Page 6: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,
Page 7: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,
Page 8: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

•  Environmental  Fate  and  Transport  Data  eChem  Portal  property  search  

hYp://www.echemportal.org/  

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EFT  PredicEon  and  Models  •  EPI  suite  – hYp://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm  

– Have  to  download  and  run  on  windows    •  OECD  Pov  and  LRTP  Screening  Tool    – hKp://www.oecd.org/env/ehs/risk-­‐assessment/oecdpovandlrtpscreeningtool.htm  

Page 10: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

A  tool  for  esEmaEng  overall  persistence  (POV)  and  long-­‐range  transport  potenEal  (LRTP)  of  ORGANIC  chemicals  

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Plots  results  in  comparison  to  ten  compounds  with    known  LRTD  and  POV  (high  and  low)  

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In  Class  Exercise  

•  Pick  on  chemical  of  interest  to  you  •  Use  the  Environmental  Fate  and  LRTP  tools  to  determine  or  esEmate  EF  and  LRTP  

•  Suggest  each  team  member  use  different  tool  •  15  minutes  –  report  to  class  on  findings/problems  

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Persistence  (P)    

•  Usually  predicted  based  on  physico-­‐chemical  properEes  using  computaEonal  models  

•  DegradaEon  and  Metabolism  databases  exist  to  predict  likely  metabolites  which  may  have  different  properEes  

•  Laboratory  bio-­‐degradaEon  assays  can  be  used  for  each  media  –  generally  based  on  use  of  chemical  as  carbon  source  

•  Can  be  measured  in  situ  by  targeted  analyEcal  tools    

 

Page 14: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Persistence/BiodegradaEon  data  sources  

•  eChem  Portal  property  search  – hYp://www.echemportal.org/  

•  Environmental  Fate  Data  Base  –    – hYp://esc.syrres.com/fatepointer/search.asp  

•  University  of  Minnesota  Biocatalysis/BiodegradaEon  Database  – hYp://umbbd.ethz.ch/  

Page 15: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Persistence/BiodegradaEon  data  sources  

•  eChem  Portal  property  search  – hYp://www.echemportal.org/  

Page 16: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,
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Persistence/Bio-­‐degradaEon  predicEon  tools  

•  PBT  profiler  – hYp://www.pbtprofiler.net/  

 

Chemicals  that  Should  Not  be  Profiled  Chemicals  with  Experimental  Data            Inorganic  Chemicals          ReacEve  Chemicals    Salts  (Organic  Salts)          High  Molecular  Weight  Compounds          Chemicals  with  Unknown  or  Variable  ComposiEon          Mixtures          Surfactants          Highly  Fluorinated  Compounds    

Page 18: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

PBT  profiler  

Page 19: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

BioaccumulaEon  (B)  •  Oaen  linked  with  persistence/biodegradaEon  

–  octanol-­‐water  parEEon  coefficient  (KOW)  •  the  raEo  of  the  solubility  of  a  compound  in  octanol  (a  non-­‐polar  solvent)  to  its  

solubility  in  water  (a  polar  solvent).  –   bioconcentraEon  factor  (BCF)  

•  raEo  of  the  pollutant  concentraEon  in  organism  to  that  in  water  –   bioaccumulaEon  factor  (BAF)  

•  the  raEo  of  contaminant  concentraEon  measured  in  biota  in  the  field  (or  under  mulEple  exposure  condiEons)  to  the  concentraEon  measured  in  the  surrounding  water.  

–   biomagnificaEon  factor  (BMF)    •  raEo  of  contaminant  concentraEon  in  biota  to  that  in  the  surrounding  water  

when  the  biota  was  exposed  via  contaminated  food  –  trophic  magnificaEon  factor  (TMF)  

•  slope  of  a  regression  between  the  chemical  concentraEon  and  trophic  level  of  organisms  in  the  food  web.  

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BioaccumulaEon  Data  sources  

•  ECOTOX  – hYp://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/  

•  Ambit  Database  –  hYp://ambit.sourceforge.net/euras/  

Other  sources  –  not  too  user  friendly.  BSAF  (Biota-­‐Sediment  Accumula8on  Factor)  hYp://www.epa.gov/med/Prods_Pubs/bsaf.htm  

Page 21: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,
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Page 23: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

BioconcentraEon  Factor  

Page 24: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Ambit  Database  hYp://ambit.sourceforge.net/euras/  

Page 25: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

BioaccumulaEon  PredicEon  •  PBT  Profiler  -­‐  uses  the  atomic  structure  to  esEmate  properEes  of  a  substance,but  focuses  on  properEes  relaEng  to  persistence,  bio-­‐accumulaEon,  and  toxicity.  –  hYp://www.pbtprofiler.net/    

•  ToxPredict  –  Open  tox  module    –  hYp://www.opentox.org/toxicity-­‐predicEon  –  hYp://apps.ideaconsult.net:8080/ToxPredict      

•  Vega  QSAR  –  hYp://www.vega-­‐qsar.eu/use-­‐qsar.html  –  Need  to  register  and  download  Java  program  –  Need  smiles  file    -­‐  get  from  Chemspider  

•  hYp://www.chemspider.com/  

Page 26: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,
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VEGA  

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In  Class  Exercise  

•  Use  same  chemical  as  in  previous  example  •  Use  the  Persistence  and  BioaccumulaEon  tools  to  determine/esEmate  persistence  and  bioaccumulaEon  

•  Suggest  each  team  member  use  different  tool    •  15  minutes  –  report  to  class  on  findings/problems  

Page 30: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Toxicity  (T)  

•  Most  difficult  to  predict  –  very  rarely  measured  in  vivo.  

•  Empirical  data  in  eco-­‐indicator  species  used  if  available  

•  Important  to  consider  organisms  in  different  trophic  levels  

•  Generally  idenEfy  the  most  sensiEve  species  as  indicator  of  potenEal  ecosystem  toxicity  

Page 31: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Toxicity  Data  Sources  AuthoritaEve  Body  Lists  and  Lists  of  Lists  •  Pharos  project  

–  hYp://www.pharosproject.net    Toxicity  Databases  •  EPA  ecotox  Database  

–  hYp://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox      

•  Toxnet  –  14  databases  –  hYp://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/    

•  eChem  Portal  –OECD  17  databases  –  hYp://www.echemportal.org/    

•  ESIS  :    European  chemical  Substances  InformaEon  System    -­‐aggregates  data  from  a  number  of  other  European  databases  –  hYp://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/  

Page 32: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,

Ecotox  Database  search  

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Eco-­‐Toxicity  PredicEon    •  ECOSAR  -­‐Ecological  Structure-­‐AcEvity  RelaEonship  esEmator,  aYempts  to  esEmate  

the  toxicity  potenEal  of  a  substance  based  on  its  atomic  structure  –  hYp://www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems/tools/21ecosar.htm  –  Need  to  download  and  run  on  windows  

•  AIM,  or  Analog  IdenEficaEon  Methodology  –esEmates  toxicity  hazard  by  comparing  an  unknown  chemical  to  analogs  which  have  been  tested  –  hYp://www.epa.gov/oppt/sf/tools/aim.htm  –  Need  to  download  and  run  on  windows    

•  PBT  Profiler  -­‐  uses  the  atomic  structure  to  esEmate  properEes  of  a  substance,  but  focuses  on  properEes  relaEng  to  persistence,  bio-­‐accumulaEon,  and  toxicity.  –  hYp://www.pbtprofiler.net/    

•  ToxPredict  –  Open  tox  module    –  hYp://www.opentox.org/toxicity-­‐predicEon  –  hYp://apps.ideaconsult.net:8080/ToxPredict  

Page 35: Environmental,ImpactAssessment for,Biofuel,Associated ...live-bcgc.pantheon.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/13-class-12.pdf · Air Water, TerresEal, Soil Groundwater, Plants, Animals,
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In  Class  Exercise  

•  Use  same  chemical  as  in  previous  example  •  Use  the  toxicity  tools  to  determine/esEmate  toxicity  of  chemical  

•  Suggest  each  team  member  use  different  tool    •  15  minutes  –  report  to  class  on  findings/problems  

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Finish  Hazard  Trait  tables  

•  Use  the  tools  outlined  for  EFT  and  PBT  to  complete  the  Hazard  Trait  tables  for  your  chemicals  of  interest