Environmental Stewardship Practices, Procedures, and ...4)_FR.pdf · management practices to residential and commercial projects throughout the state. Resource agencies send their

Environmental Stewardship Practices, Procedures, and Policies for Highway Construction and

Maintenance

Requested by:

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

Standing Committee on the Environment

Prepared by: Venner Consulting and Parsons Brinckerhoff

September, 2004

The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 4, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board.

NCHRP 25-25(04): Compendium of Environmental Stewardship Practices in Construction and Maintenance

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was requested by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and conducted as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 25-25 . The NCHRP is supported by annual voluntary contributions from the state Departments of Transportation. Project 25-25 is intended to fund quick response studies on behalf of the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. The report was prepared by Marie Venner of Venner Consulting under subcontract to Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade and Douglas, with editing assistance from Lisa Zeimer of Parsons Brinckerhoff. The work was guided by a task group chaired by Gary McVoy which included Joseph Burns, Carol Cutshall, Bonnie Harper-Lore, Chuck Knowles, Donald W. Lucas, Robert Peda, Michael M. Ryan, Len Sanderson, Robert L. Walters, Trish White, and Kyle Williams. The project was managed by Christopher Hedges, NCHRP Senior Program Officer.

DISCLAIMER

This is an uncorrected draft as submitted by the research agency. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board or its sponsoring agencies. This report has not been reviewed or accepted by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee or the Governing Board of the National Research Council.

ABSTRACT Environmental stewardship practice at state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) has grown exponentially in recent years. NCHRP 25-25(04) presents a compendium of environmental stewardship practices in construction and maintenance, developed from the literature, state transportation agency manuals and procedures, and the contributions of state DOTs and practitioners. The best practices herein serve as a guide to the development of Environmental Management Systems and environmental strategic plans both on the organizational level and in specific functional areas. Practices can also serve as foundational elements for individual environmental guidance resources that DOTs may develop.


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PREFACE State transportation agencies or Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are among the largest builders in each state. Projects occur in hundreds of locations around each state and annual budgets exceed a billion dollars in some cases. Furthermore, DOT leadership, commitment, and responsibility have an impact far beyond the agency’s own activities. Hundreds of cities and towns apply DOT standard specifications/plans in municipal construction and maintenance annually. Private contractors and developers attend DOT training course and apply best management practices to residential and commercial projects throughout the state. Resource agencies send their employees to be trained by the DOT in some cases and recognize such training as a means of improving environmental performance. Led by some bold pioneers, state DOTs have begun to embrace new environmental stewardship priorities in construction and maintenance activities. Recognizing their strengths as large public works agencies with significant resources, the ability to interact with the public on a daily basis, and personnel who are committed to excellence in public service, many state transportation agencies are adding pursuit of environmental enhancement opportunities to their standing commitments to comply with environmental laws and regulations. Many DOT employees are environmentalists in their own right—in particular, those who are at home in and enjoy the outdoors. Those who work at state transportation agencies, like their neighbors, often want to be partners in protecting and enhancing fishing streams, bird habitat, and other aspects of a livable environment for people and other creatures. When given the opportunity and encouragement to make a difference in the work they do on a daily basis, DOT employees are embracing, taking ownership of, and indeed extending and improving upon environmental stewardship initiatives. As a result, DOT credibility is rising with regulators and the public. As an important side benefit, some of the DOTs that have undertaken this journey have experienced reinvigorated employee morale. State transportation agencies and their federal partners have increasingly integrated environmental stewardship into maintenance and construction activities; however, information on these efforts has not been adequately summarized or disseminated. This project is intended to enable transportation agencies to more fully benefit from each other’s experience, to help them more fully integrate stewardship into all aspects of their work in these areas. Why Focus on Construction and Maintenance in Implementing Environmental Stewardship? Construction and maintenance operations:

• Employ the majority of the work force. • Are the locus of some of the most significant environmental impacts and opportunities. • Have a need for consistent systems. • Can have significant contact with DOT customers. • Have the opportunity to show the public and regulators the substance of the DOT’s

commitment to environmental stewardship. • Have developed many best practices already, and can benefit from systems, tools, and

practices that have been developed by other transportation agencies and industries to improve environmental performance.


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ACRONYMS AND LINKS FOR STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES

• Alaska Department of Transportation (ADOT&PF) • Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) • Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) • California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) • Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) • Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) • Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) • District Department of Transportation (DDOT) • Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) • Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) • Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) • Idaho Department of Transportation (ITD) • Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) • Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) • Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) • Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) • Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) • Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) • Maine Department of Transportation (Maine DOT) • Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (MDSHA) • Massachusetts Highway Department (Mass Highway) • Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) • Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) • Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) • Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) • Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) • Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR) • Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) • New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) • New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) • New Mexico State Highway & Transportation Department (NMSHTD) • New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) • North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) • North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT) • Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) • Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) • Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) • Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) • Departamento de Transportación y Obras Públicas (DTOP) • Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) • South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) • South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) • Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) • Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT)


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• Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) • Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) • Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) • Washington Department of Transportation (WSDOT) • West Virginia Department of Transportation (WVDOT) • Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) • Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT)


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SHORT TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH APPROACH .................................................................. 1-1 1.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.2. THE TREND TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP................................................................................... 1-2 1.3. SCOPE OF STUDY AND DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES....................................... 1-3 1.4. RESEARCH APPROACH..................................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5. RESEARCH USES .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.6. DISCLAIMER/LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .......................................................................................................... 1-6 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES ......................... 2-1

2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIC PLANNING ................................................................................. 2-1 2.2. SETTING OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS & TRACKING ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS.................................. 2-25 2.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 2-35 2.4. OPERATIONAL CONTROLS, PROCEDURES, AND PRACTICES ........................................................................... 2-46 2.5. MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................. 2-54 2.6. ENVIRONMENTAL STAFFING, ROLES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES........................................................................ 2-75 2.7. ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION......................................................................................... 2-82 CHAPTER 3: DESIGNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1. BEYOND MITIGATION: PROJECTS TO ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS....................................................... 3-1 3.2. CONTEXT SENSITIVE DESIGN/SOLUTIONS ....................................................................................................... 3-7 3.3. AVOIDING IMPACTS TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORIC SITES .................................................................... 3-19 3.4. HABITAT CONNECTIVITY AND WILDLIFE CROSSINGS.................................................................................... 3-22 3.5. CULVERTS AND FISH PASSAGE ...................................................................................................................... 3-36 3.6. STREAM RESTORATION AND BIOENGINEERING.............................................................................................. 3-57 3.7. DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR STORMWATER AND EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL.................................... 3-83 3.8. DRAINAGE DITCHES, BERMS, DIKES, AND SWALES....................................................................................... 3-89 3.9. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE, LOW MAINTENANCE ROADSIDES....................................................................... 3-91 3.10. DESIGNING TO REDUCE SNOW, ICE, AND CHEMICAL ACCUMULATION........................................................ 3-101 3.11. DESIGNING TO MINIMIZE AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS..................................................................................... 3-120 3.12. DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION FOR RECYCLING ............................................................................................. 3-124 3.13. DESIGNING TO MINIMIZE NOISE .................................................................................................................. 3-129 3.14. LIGHTING CONTROL/MINIMIZATION............................................................................................................ 3-142 3.15. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION...................................................................... 3-150 3.16. SAFETY REST AREAS, TRAVELER SERVICES, AND PARKING AREA DESIGN................................................. 3-152 CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP ..................... 4-1

4.1. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SITE STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES ............................................................................. 4-1 4.2. PREPARING ACCESS AND STAGING AREAS ...................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3. CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCING, TIMING, AND ACCELERATION.......................................................................... 4-2 4.4. DISCOVERY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORIC SITES IN CONSTRUCTION ..................................................... 4-4 4.5. CONSTRUCTION IN STREAMS, WETLANDS, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS .................... 4-5 4.6. EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL..................................................................................................... 4-11 4.7. VEHICLE FLUID, FUEL, AND WASHWATER CONTROL .................................................................................... 4-37 4.8. AIR QUALITY CONTROL PRACTICES .............................................................................................................. 4-42 4.9. NOISE MINIMIZATION.................................................................................................................................... 4-53 4.10. MATERIALS STORAGE, COLLECTION, AND SPILL PREVENTION ON CONSTRUCTION SITES............................. 4-67


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4.11. VEGETATION MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................... 4-70 4.12. SOIL MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4-74 4.13. ESTABLISHING VEGETATION AT CONSTRUCTION SITES................................................................................. 4-78 CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENT, MATERIALS, AND RECYCLING...................................................................... 5-1 5.1. PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE AND PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ..................................................... 5-1 5.2. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN PAVING OPERATIONS, GRINDING, AND PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE............. 5-2 5.3. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT/ASPHALT ...................................................................................................................... 5-3 5.4. CONCRETE INSTALLATION AND REPAIR........................................................................................................... 5-9 5.5. PAVEMENT MARKING.................................................................................................................................... 5-14 5.6. CURB AND SIDEWALK REPAIR ....................................................................................................................... 5-17 5.7. RECYCLING IN PAVEMENT AND ROADSIDE APPURTENANCES........................................................................ 5-17 5.8. MAINTENANCE OF DIRT AND GRAVEL ROADS............................................................................................... 5-64 CHAPTER 6: MAINTENANCE FACILITIES MANAGEMENT..................................................................... 6-1 6.1. PLANNING AND PRIORITIZING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS AT MAINTENANCE FACILITIES................... 6-1 6.2. FACILITY HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES ............................................................................................................. 6-6 6.3. YARD AND FLOOR DRAIN MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 6-51 6.4. ENERGY CONSERVATION............................................................................................................................... 6-61 6.5. UNDER AND ABOVE-GROUND STORAGE TANKS............................................................................................ 6-64 CHAPTER 7: BRIDGE MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1. PREVENTATIVE BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PRACTICES........................................................................................ 7-1 7.2. AVOIDING AND MINIMIZING IMPACTS TO FISH AND WILDLIFE AND ENHANCING HABITAT ............................ 7-5 7.3. BRIDGE PAINTING/COATING/SEALING AND CONTAINMENT STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES................................. 7-17 CHAPTER 8: WINTER OPERATIONS AND SALT, SAND, AND CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT............ 8-1

8.1. SELECTING SNOW AND ICE CONTROL MATERIALS TO MITIGATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS......................... 8-2 8.2. REDUCING SAND USAGE ................................................................................................................................. 8-8 8.3. STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR REDUCED SALT USAGE ...................................................................................... 8-10 8.4. STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES FOR REDUCING SALT AND OTHER CHEMICAL USAGE.......................................... 8-15 8.5. WINTER OPERATIONS FACILITIES MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................... 8-47 8.6. TRAINING FOR SALT MANAGEMENT AND WINTER OPERATIONS ................................................................... 8-50 CHAPTER 9: ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 9-1 9.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF VEGETATION IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY ............................................................................ 9-1 9.2. INTEGRATED ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT AND METHODS............................................................ 9-3 9.3. DEVELOPING IVM OR IRVM PLANS ............................................................................................................... 9-4 9.4. INVENTORY OF AND MANAGEMENT FOR RARE SPECIES AND SENSITIVE RESOURCES IN THE ROW .............. 9-14 9.5. REDUCED MOWING POLICIES AND OTHER MECHANICAL VEGETATION STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES............... 9-24 9.6. CONTROLLED BURNING................................................................................................................................. 9-33 9.7. MANAGEMENT OF WOODY VEGETATION ...................................................................................................... 9-35 9.8. NOXIOUS WEED MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................... 9-38 CHAPTER 10: ROADSIDE MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE: BEYOND VEGETATION .......... 10-1

10.1. ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT PRACTICES AND PARTNERSHIP EFFORTS ................................................. 10-1 10.2. PROTECTION OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES................................................................................ 10-9 10.3. MAINTENANCE IN WETLANDS ..................................................................................................................... 10-10 10.4. MAINTENANCE NEAR WATERBODIES .......................................................................................................... 10-11 10.5. MAINTENANCE OF STRUCTURES FOR WILDLIFE .......................................................................................... 10-12


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10.6. MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER FACILITIES.............................................................................................. 10-14 10.7. MAINTENANCE OF ROADSIDE PUBLIC FACILITIES ....................................................................................... 10-16 10.8. MANAGEMENT OF PORTABLE SANITARY/SEPTIC WASTE SYSTEMS............................................................. 10-17 10.9. MAINTENANCE OF SHOULDERS AND ROADWAY APPURTENANCES.............................................................. 10-17 10.10. SWEEPING AND VACUUMING OF ROADS, DECKS, WATER QUALITY FACILITIES, AND BRIDGE SCUPPERS ... 10-24 10.11. MAINTENANCE STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES FOR SLOPES, DRAINAGE DITCHES, SWALES, AND DIVERSIONS . 10-26 10.12. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL IN MAINTENANCE................................................................................ 10-32 10.13. RECYCLING IN ROADSIDE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS .............................................................................. 10-34 10.14. PRESERVING AIR QUALITY IN MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS ................................................................ 10-43 10.15. PAINTING OPERATION STORMWATER BMPS ............................................................................................... 10-46 10.16. ROAD WASTE MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................... 10-47 10.17. STOCKPILING, SPOIL DISPOSAL OR PLACEMENT OF INERT FILL................................................................... 10-60 10.18. MAINTENANCE OF SOILS ............................................................................................................................. 10-61 10.19. EMERGENCY ACTIONS................................................................................................................................. 10-62 10.20. FIELD REVIEW OF ROADSIDE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS ......................................................................... 10-62 CHAPTER 11: APPENDIX.................................................................................................................................. 11-1 11.1. FLORIDA DOT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY...................................................................................................... 11-1 11.2. KENTUCKY TRANSPORTATION CABINET ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY .............................................................. 11-1 11.3. MAINE DOT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.......................................................................................................... 11-2 11.4. NORTH CAROLINA DOT ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP POLICY ............................................................... 11-3 11.5. PENNDOT’S GREEN PLAN POLICY STATEMENT ............................................................................................ 11-3 11.6. WASHINGTON STATE DOT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ................................................................................... 11-4 11.7. NEW SOUTH WALES ROADS AND TRAFFIC AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY....................................... 11-4 11.8. TEXAS ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT CHECKLIST..................................................................................... 11-5 11.9. MAINE DOT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY AUDITING POLICY AND PROCEDURE ..................................... 11-11 11.10. MAINE DOT CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUEST FORM.................................................................................... 11-14 11.11. MASS HIGHWAY COMPLIANCE TRACKING METHODS.................................................................................. 11-15 11.12. MASS HIGHWAY COMPLIANCE TRACKING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................. 11-16 11.13. MASS HIGHWAY SELF-AUDIT PROCEDURE ................................................................................................. 11-17 11.14. MASS HIGHWAY FACILITY SELF-AUDIT CHECKLIST ................................................................................... 11-18 11.15. MASS HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTAL ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................. 11-20 11.16. MASS HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION EMS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ..................................... 11-20 11.17. MASS HIGHWAY OPERATIONS DIVISION EMS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................ 11-22 11.18. MASS HIGHWAY DISTRICT EMS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................. 11-23 11.19. MASS HIGHWAY TRAINING EXPECTATIONS BY ROLE ................................................................................. 11-24 11.20. MASS HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAM ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................... 11-25 11.21. PENNDOT DISTRICT 10 SEMP RESPONSIBILITY TABLE.............................................................................. 11-26 11.22. PENNDOT DISTRICT 10 SEMP TRAINING TABLE........................................................................................ 11-28 11.23. NYSDOT CONSTRUCTION/ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING SCHEDULE........................................................... 11-29 11.24. ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST FOR MODOT FACILITIES.............................................................................. 11-30 11.25. PENNDOT STOCKPILE QUALITY ASSURANCE RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................ 11-33 11.26. PENNDOT 15-MINUTE STOCKPILE WALKAROUND ..................................................................................... 11-34 11.27. PENNDOT STOCKPILE SNAPSHOT ............................................................................................................... 11-34 11.28. PENNDOT MAINTENANCE STOCKPILE ACTIVITY PROTOCOL...................................................................... 11-35 11.29. PENNDOT POST-STORM SALT MANAGEMENT TRACKING RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................. 11-41 11.30. RISK, COMPLIANCE ISSUES, AND MANAGEMENT EXAMPLES FOR HIGHWAY-GENERATED WASTE - OREGON

DOT ........................................................................................................................................................ 11-42


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11.31. NYSDOT-DEC DEER CARCASS COMPOSTING – PRACTICE GUIDELINES.................................................... 11-43 11.32. NYSDOT’S DRAFT METRIC FOR ASSESSING PERFORMANCE OF INTEGRATED VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ON

ROW ....................................................................................................................................................... 11-47 11.33. NCDOT ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES IN MARKED AREAS.................................... 11-50 ENDNOTES ........................................................................................................................................................... 11-1


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DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH APPROACH .................................................................. 1-1 1.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.2. THE TREND TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP................................................................................... 1-2 1.3. SCOPE OF STUDY AND DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES....................................... 1-3 1.4. RESEARCH APPROACH..................................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5. RESEARCH USES .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.6. DISCLAIMER/LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .......................................................................................................... 1-6 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES ......................... 2-1

2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIC PLANNING ................................................................................. 2-1 DOT Environmental Policies and Mission Statements ................................................................................... 2-1

Standards and Performance Measures for Environmental Policy Statements ................................................................2-4 Staying Abreast of Legal and Other Requirements......................................................................................... 2-5

On-line Legal and Regulatory Resources.......................................................................................................................2-6 Mass Highway’s Process for Staying Current on Environmental Requirements............................................................2-6 Standards and Performance Measures for Organizational Awareness of Legal and Other Requirements .....................2-8

Identifying Environmental Aspects or Impacts of Operations ........................................................................ 2-8 Washington State DOT’s Activity/Impact Analysis ......................................................................................................2-9 NHDOT’s Process for Identifying Significant Environmental Aspects of Operations—Traffic Bureau .......................2-9 PennDOT’s Analysis of Environmental Aspects of Operations...................................................................................2-10 NSW RTA Environmental Assessment of Construction, Operation, and Maintenance Activities...............................2-10 Standards and Performance Measures for Identifying Environmental Aspects and Impacts .......................................2-14

Organization Wide Strategic Planning for the Environment ........................................................................ 2-14 New York State DOT’s Environmental Initiative ........................................................................................................2-15 MDSHA Environmental Strategic Plan and Management Systems .............................................................................2-18 Delaware DOT’s Plan to Support Smart Growth and Implement a “Livable Delaware”.............................................2-19 NCDOT’s Use of Baldrige as an Environmental Management Framework.................................................................2-20 Environmental Strategic Planning at PennDOT via the Strategic Environmental Management Program (SEMP)......2-23 New Brunswick, Canada, DOT Strategic Plan and Environmental Protection Plan ....................................................2-24 New South Wales, Australia Roads & Traffic Authority Strategic Plan and EMS ......................................................2-24

2.2. SETTING OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS & TRACKING ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS.................................. 2-25 Establishing Environmental Objectives and Targets.................................................................................... 2-25

MDSHA Environmental Objectives and Targets .........................................................................................................2-25 PennDOT’s Targets, Scorecards and Dashboards........................................................................................................2-27 Standards for Establishing Environmental Objectives and Targets..............................................................................2-28

Environmental Commitment Tracking Through Construction & Maintenance............................................ 2-28 DOT “Green Sheets” and the Emergence of Electronic Commitment Tracking Systems............................................2-29 South Carolina DOT Interdisciplinary Accountability Teams .....................................................................................2-29 New Jersey DOT Environmental Re-evaluation Checklists, Meetings, and Construction Field Reviews ...................2-29 Kentucky Transportation Cabinet “Communicating All Promises (CAP)”..................................................................2-30 Indiana DOT Environmental Compliance Certification...............................................................................................2-31 New York State DOT Environmental Commitment and Obligations Package for Construction (ECOPAC) ..............2-31 Caltrans’ Environmental Commitment Tracking .........................................................................................................2-31 MDSHA Environmental Compliance/Consideration Checklists and Independent Environmental Monitors...............2-32 Washington State DOT EMS and Construction Compliance Program ........................................................................2-32 Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission Database for Tracking Environmental Commitments........................................2-34 NCDOT Environmental Control Teams, Field Monitoring, and Permits on the Web..................................................2-34 Texas DOT Environmental Tracking System ..............................................................................................................2-34 FHWA’s Domestic Scan on Environmental Commitment Implementation and Lessons Learned ..............................2-35

2.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 2-35 Why EMS for DOTs? .................................................................................................................................... 2-36 Benefits of EMS ― Improved Environmental Performance& Predictability ............................................... 2-37

Improve Environmental Stewardship...........................................................................................................................2-37 Implement Leadership and Agency Objectives............................................................................................................2-37 Enhanced Credibility with External Stakeholders........................................................................................................2-37


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Improved Relationships with Regulatory Agencies .....................................................................................................2-38 Improving Compliance and Eliminating Violations.....................................................................................................2-39 Streamlining Regulatory Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................2-39 Cost Savings ................................................................................................................................................................2-39 Improving Environmental Performance: Indicators, Protection, and Enhancements ..................................................2-40 Economic Incentives, Including Reduced Liability .....................................................................................................2-40 Other Organizational/Operational Benefits..................................................................................................................2-41 Helping DOTs Respond to the Challenges They Face .................................................................................................2-42

EMS and the ISO 14001 Standard ................................................................................................................ 2-42 Gap Analysis: What Do You Have Already That Could Be Part of an EMS? ............................................. 2-44

U.S. Resource Centers for EMS Development ............................................................................................................2-45 2.4. OPERATIONAL CONTROLS, PROCEDURES, AND PRACTICES ........................................................................... 2-46

Procedures and Manuals .............................................................................................................................. 2-46 New York State DOT Environmental Handbook for Transportation Operations.........................................................2-47 Mass Highway’s Facility Environmental Handbook....................................................................................................2-47 North Carolina DOT BMPs for Construction and Maintenance Activities ..................................................................2-47 Oregon DOT Right-of-Way BMP Manual...................................................................................................................2-48 Standards & Measures for Implementing Environmental Programs & Process Improvements: ISO 14001 Practices.2-48

Standards for Evaluating Procedures........................................................................................................... 2-51 Standards and Measures for Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures .......................................................2-51 FHWA and AASHTO On-Line Clearinghouse for DOT Specifications......................................................................2-51

Construction and Maintenance Decision Support Systems........................................................................... 2-52 Maintenance Facilities Management and Auditing ......................................................................................................2-52 Stormwater Facility Evaluation and Prioritization of Improvements ...........................................................................2-52 Culvert and Fish Passage Evaluation and Prioritization of Improvements...................................................................2-53 Selection of Appropriate Environmental Measures......................................................................................................2-53 Field Compliance Management ...................................................................................................................................2-53 Roadside Vegetation Management...............................................................................................................................2-54 Winter Operations........................................................................................................................................................2-54

2.5. MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................. 2-54 Special Challenges with Environmental Measures ......................................................................................................2-55 Individual Performance Accountability .......................................................................................................................2-55

Program Measures for DOT Environmental Process Improvement Efforts, EMS, and Strategic Plans ...... 2-56 Six Pillars at Oregon DOT ...........................................................................................................................................2-56 New York State DOT Initiative Tracking and Participation in State Pollution Prevention Audits ..............................2-57 Maine DOT’s EMS Performance Measures.................................................................................................................2-57 North Carolina DOT’s Delegated Sediment and Erosion Control Program.................................................................2-58 New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department Environmental Measures .............................................2-58 New Brunswick DOT, Canada, Environmental Measures ...........................................................................................2-59 Pennsylvania DOT SEMP Maintenance Performance Measures .................................................................................2-59 WSDOT’s Maintenance Accountability Process and Environmental Factors..............................................................2-60

Measuring Environmental Outcomes ........................................................................................................... 2-63 Washington State DOT’s Success Standards for Wetlands Restoration.......................................................................2-63 NCDOT’s Ecosystem Enhancement Program..............................................................................................................2-63

Utilizing a Combination of Program and Environmental Indicators ........................................................... 2-64 Maryland State Highway Administration Environmental Outcome & Program Performance Measures.....................2-64 Washington State DOT’s Environmental Indicators and Public Reporting..................................................................2-64 State Environmental Agency Reporting on the State of the Environment ...................................................................2-65 Canada’s Sustainable Transportation Indicators ..........................................................................................................2-65

Environmental Auditing................................................................................................................................ 2-67 New South Wales Construction Auditing Program......................................................................................................2-67 New Jersey DOT Construction Audits, Contractor Performance Rating System, and Environmental Factors ............2-70 New York State DOT Environmental Auditing and Self-Reporting ............................................................................2-71 Maine DOT’s Environmental Audit Program ..............................................................................................................2-71 Mass Highway’s Compliance Tracking and Self-Audit Programs...............................................................................2-72 PennDOT Stockpile Audits and Award Program.........................................................................................................2-72 Missouri Contractor Performance Measures and Evaluation .......................................................................................2-73 Standards and Measures of Environmental Performance Audit Programs...................................................................2-73 Standards and Measures for Nonconformance Detection and Corrective and Preventive Action................................2-74 Standards and Performance Evaluation for Monitoring and Measurement ..................................................................2-74


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2.6. ENVIRONMENTAL STAFFING, ROLES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES........................................................................ 2-75 Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities to Ensure Environmental Performance ............................................ 2-75

Mass Highway District Environmental Roles and Responsibilities and Associated Training......................................2-75 PennDOT Environmental Role and Responsibility Identification for SEMP Implementation.....................................2-76 Caltrans Construction Compliance and Stormwater Roles and Responsibilities..........................................................2-76

Staffing: Environmental Support for Construction & Maintenance ............................................................ 2-76 Mn/DOT and WSDOT Environmental Staff Supporting Maintenance & Operations .................................................2-76 NCDOT’s Environmental Coordinators in the Field....................................................................................................2-77 Indiana DOT’s Environmental Compliance Coordinator.............................................................................................2-77 Virginia DOT’s Residency Environmental Specialists for Maintenance .....................................................................2-77 NYSDOT Construction & Maintenance Environmental Coordinators ........................................................................2-78

2.7. ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION......................................................................................... 2-82 Competency-Based Training Systems ........................................................................................................... 2-82

PennDOT’s Transportation University ........................................................................................................................2-82 Caltrans Work Breakdown System ..............................................................................................................................2-83

Environmental Training for Construction and Maintenance........................................................................ 2-84 Oregon DOT Environmental Outreach and Training for Maintenance Staff ...............................................................2-85 Caltrans Environmental & Equipment Training for Construction and Maintenance....................................................2-85 Montana (MDT) Environmental Training for Maintenance Field Staff .......................................................................2-86 WSDOT Environmental Training for Construction Inspection and Maintenance........................................................2-86 Nova Scotia Department of Transportation & Public Works Short EMS Toolbox Meetings ......................................2-87 WSDOT Training Partnership with Local Governments and Other Transportation Professionals to Deliver Statewide Training and Certification............................................................................................................................................2-88 KYTC Environmental Leadership Training.................................................................................................................2-88 Contractor Outreach and Training................................................................................................................................2-88

Train the Trainer Programs ......................................................................................................................... 2-90 PennDOT’s Instructor Development Program for Internal Subject Experts ................................................................2-90 NYSDOT’s Training Pipeline for Environmental Coordinators, Construction, & Maintenance Staff.........................2-90 Qualities to Consider in Identifying and Growing Good Instructors............................................................................2-93

Recommended Practices in Implementing Adult Learning Programs that Benefit Construction and Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................. 2-94

Tailgate Resources: Pocket Guides and Bulletins .......................................................................................................2-99 Standards and Measures for Training, Awareness, and Competency Programs...........................................................2-99

On the Job Training―Promoting Continuous Learning in the Workplace................................................ 2-100 Contractor Certification Programs ............................................................................................................ 2-100

Virginia DOT Specification and Certification for Erosion Control Contractors ........................................................2-101 Maine’s Voluntary Contractor Certification Program................................................................................................2-101 Tennessee DOT Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Training and Certification Program..............................2-102 WSDOT Partnership with AGC to Deliver Statewide Training and Certification .....................................................2-102 Iowa DOT Certification for Construction Inspection, Material Testing, and Spill Prevention ..................................2-103 Certifications Provided by Private Associations ........................................................................................................2-103

Sources of Training, Materials, and Information ....................................................................................... 2-104 State Transportation Agency Training Programs .......................................................................................................2-105 Pooled Fund Cooperative (SICOP) and On-Line Programs.......................................................................................2-105 Transportation Curriculum Coordination Council .....................................................................................................2-106 National Highway Institute ........................................................................................................................................2-106 Local Technology Assistance Centers .......................................................................................................................2-107 University Transportation Research Centers..............................................................................................................2-107 Listservs.....................................................................................................................................................................2-107

CHAPTER 3: DESIGNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1. BEYOND MITIGATION: PROJECTS TO ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS....................................................... 3-1 Environmental Betterments and Dual Purpose Projects ................................................................................ 3-1

Dual Purpose Projects at Caltrans ..................................................................................................................................3-1 NYSDOT’s Guidelines and Procedures for Environmental Betterments .......................................................................3-1

Maintaining or Improving the Natural Environment as Transportation is Built............................................ 3-5 Cultural Resource Enhancement Efforts ........................................................................................................ 3-5


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3.2. CONTEXT SENSITIVE DESIGN/SOLUTIONS ....................................................................................................... 3-7 State DOT CSD/CSS Policies, Plans, Guidelines, Agreements, Training, and Examples .............................. 3-8 Context Sensitive Design/Solutions References and Resources .................................................................... 3-17

3.3. AVOIDING IMPACTS TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORIC SITES .................................................................... 3-19 Archaeological Sites ..................................................................................................................................... 3-19 Historic Resources........................................................................................................................................ 3-20

3.4. HABITAT CONNECTIVITY AND WILDLIFE CROSSINGS.................................................................................... 3-22 Identifying Locations for Wildlife Crossings ................................................................................................ 3-23 Monitoring Wildlife Crossings...................................................................................................................... 3-24 Wildlife Crossing Techniques, Research, and Resources ............................................................................. 3-24 State DOT Initiatives to Address Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Needs in Planning and Design ................. 3-30

Maine DOT Initiatives to Limit Disruption of Habitat and Transportation Related Wildlife Mortality.......................3-30 Caltrans Interchange Removal and Partnership to Identify and Address Habitat Connectivity Needs.........................3-32 Florida DOT Partnership to Determine and Prioritize Connectivity Needs and Contribute to “Green Infrastructure” 3-32 New Hampshire DOT’s Pilot Project for Identifying Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife Crossing Needs ..................3-34 Maryland SHA’s Net Gain Wetland Mitigation Policy & Contribution to Regional Restoration/Connectivity Goals 3-34

Maintenance and Management of Created, Modified, or Restored Habitat................................................. 3-35 3.5. CULVERTS AND FISH PASSAGE ...................................................................................................................... 3-36

Forms of Stream Crossings........................................................................................................................... 3-36 Bridges versus Culverts ................................................................................................................................ 3-37 Potential Adverse Impacts of River and Stream Crossings .......................................................................... 3-38 Stream Crossing Design Considerations ...................................................................................................... 3-39

Collecting Adequate Survey Information.....................................................................................................................3-39 Designing for Target Species .......................................................................................................................................3-40 Avoiding Channel Constriction....................................................................................................................................3-40 Energy Dissipation at Culvert Exits .............................................................................................................................3-41 Other Hydraulic Considerations...................................................................................................................................3-41 Mitigating Fish Passage Effects through Culvert Design Modifications......................................................................3-42 Measures for Non-Embedded Culverts ........................................................................................................................3-43 Other General Recommendations ................................................................................................................................3-44

Design Methods for New and Replacement Culverts.................................................................................... 3-44 Active Channel Design Method ...................................................................................................................................3-44 Stream Simulation Design Method ..............................................................................................................................3-44 Hydraulic Design Method............................................................................................................................................3-46 Structural Design and Flood Capacity..........................................................................................................................3-47

Culvert Evaluation for Fish Passage and Ranking for Remediation Efforts ................................................ 3-47 DOT Practice and Design Guidance for Culvert Installation, Design, and Prioritization for Fish Passage3-49

Alaska Programmatic Agreement for Fish Passage Improvements..............................................................................3-50 Maine DOT’s Fish Passage Policy and Design Guide .................................................................................................3-50 Oregon DOT Culvert Retrofit and Replacement Program Agreement.........................................................................3-51 WSDOT Fish Passage Improvements on a System and Project-by-Project Basis........................................................3-52 MDSHA Incorporates Stream Morphology Concepts in Culvert Design.....................................................................3-53 Alberta Transportation Practices and Measures for Protection of Fish & Aquatic Ecosystems ...................................3-53

Resource Agency and Other Design Guidance for Fish Passage................................................................. 3-54 Post-Construction Evaluation and Long Term Maintenance and Assessment ............................................. 3-57

3.6. STREAM RESTORATION AND BIOENGINEERING.............................................................................................. 3-57 Planning Considerations for Stream Restoration and Bioengineering......................................................... 3-59

Information Requirements ...........................................................................................................................................3-62 Coordination and Communication on Bioengineering Projects................................................................... 3-66 Available Guidebooks and Research in Progress......................................................................................... 3-67 Bioengineering Technique Selection............................................................................................................. 3-70 Bank Protection and Stabilization Techniques ............................................................................................. 3-72

Riprap ..........................................................................................................................................................................3-73 Gabions ........................................................................................................................................................................3-75 Toe Protection..............................................................................................................................................................3-75 Vegetated Concrete Blocks ..........................................................................................................................................3-75


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Live Crib Walls............................................................................................................................................................3-76 Root Wads ...................................................................................................................................................................3-76 Live Staking.................................................................................................................................................................3-76 Large Woody Debris....................................................................................................................................................3-77 Live Fascines ...............................................................................................................................................................3-77 Brush Layering or Branch Packing ..............................................................................................................................3-78 Brush Mattresses..........................................................................................................................................................3-78 Coir Fiber Logs............................................................................................................................................................3-78 Ditch Lining, Turf Reinforcement Mats, and Geocellular Containment Systems ........................................................3-79 Other Vegetative Streambank Stabilization and Bank Protection Practices.................................................................3-79 Borrow .........................................................................................................................................................................3-80 Drains and Trenches ....................................................................................................................................................3-80

River Training and Channel Rehabilitation Techniques .............................................................................. 3-80 Grade Control Structures .............................................................................................................................................3-80 Log and Check Dams...................................................................................................................................................3-81 Flow Deflection/Concentration Practices.....................................................................................................................3-81 Stream Deflectors.........................................................................................................................................................3-82 Vanes ...........................................................................................................................................................................3-82 Bendway Weirs............................................................................................................................................................3-82 Boulder Placement In-Stream for Habitat Creation .....................................................................................................3-82 Other Flow Redirection Techniques ............................................................................................................................3-83

Stream Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring........................................................................................... 3-83 3.7. DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR STORMWATER AND EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL.................................... 3-83

Federally Sponsored Stormwater BMP Manuals .........................................................................................................3-84 State Sponsored Stormwater BMP Manuals ................................................................................................................3-85

3.8. DRAINAGE DITCHES, BERMS, DIKES, AND SWALES....................................................................................... 3-89 Design and Construction Considerations and Practices for Ditches, Dikes, and Swales..............................................3-90 Slope Diversions for Intercepting Stormwater .............................................................................................................3-91 Level Spreaders............................................................................................................................................................3-91

3.9. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE, LOW MAINTENANCE ROADSIDES....................................................................... 3-91 Pre-Construction Soil Considerations.......................................................................................................... 3-92

Plans, Specifications, and Estimate (PS&E) for Soil Preparation ................................................................................3-98 Planning for Native Vegetation and Consistent Roadside Design................................................................ 3-98

WisDOT Uses STURRA to Fund the Ongoing Use and Preservation of Native Plants...............................................3-99 WSDOT’s Roadside Classification Plan....................................................................................................................3-100

Designing for Salt Resistant Vegetation ..................................................................................................... 3-100 3.10. DESIGNING TO REDUCE SNOW, ICE, AND CHEMICAL ACCUMULATION........................................................ 3-101

Designing Roads to Minimize Snow Drift................................................................................................... 3-101 Designing Snow Fences .............................................................................................................................. 3-105

Snow Fence Site Design and Placement Tools ..........................................................................................................3-106 Plastic Snow Fence Research Results ........................................................................................................................3-108 Living Snow Fence ....................................................................................................................................................3-108

Designing Drainage to Minimize Anti-Icing and Deicing Impacts to Natural Resources.......................... 3-110 Structural Roadside BMPs to Control Deicing and Anti-Icing Chemical and Abrasive Laden Runoff .....................3-113

Snow Disposal and Snow Storage Site Design ........................................................................................... 3-115 Control of Chloride through Detention and Dilution .................................................................................................3-116 Control of Particulates and Subsequent Mobilization of Metals and PAHs ...............................................................3-116 Environmental Stewardship Practices in Design and Operation of Snow Storage Sites ............................................3-116

3.11. DESIGNING TO MINIMIZE AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS..................................................................................... 3-120 Tree Shading for Emissions Reduction ....................................................................................................... 3-121 Promoting Carpooling and Transit ............................................................................................................ 3-122 ITS Facilitated Air Quality Improvement in Ohio and Kentucky................................................................ 3-123 Funding for Air Quality Improvement: The Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality Program (CMAQ)..... 3-123

3.12. DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION FOR RECYCLING ............................................................................................. 3-124 The Growing Need for and Importance of Waste Minimization and Recycling.......................................... 3-124 Common Recycling Applications in the U.S. and Europe........................................................................... 3-124 General Recommendations for DOTs with Regard to Recycling and Waste Management ........................ 3-127


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Life Cycle Cost-Benefit Analysis................................................................................................................. 3-128 Areas for Recycling Applications................................................................................................................ 3-128 Specifications for Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications ...................................................... 3-128

3.13. DESIGNING TO MINIMIZE NOISE .................................................................................................................. 3-129 Noise Effects and Regulation...................................................................................................................... 3-129

Effects of Highway Noise on People .........................................................................................................................3-129 Effects of Noise from Roads on Birds and Terrestrial Wildlife .................................................................................3-130 Effects of Noise from Pile Driving during Construction............................................................................................3-132

Designing for Roadway/Traffic Noise Source Control ............................................................................... 3-134 Pavement Alterations to Reduce Roadway Noise ......................................................................................................3-134 Traffic Noise Barriers ................................................................................................................................................3-139 Receptor Controls ......................................................................................................................................................3-140 Noise Reduction Resources, Research, and Research Needs .....................................................................................3-142

3.14. LIGHTING CONTROL/MINIMIZATION............................................................................................................ 3-142 Common Lighting Approaches and Deciding How Much Light Is Enough ..............................................................3-143 Arizona DOT Research to Improve Lighting Practices..............................................................................................3-145 Comparison of Lighting Sources, Issues, and Costs ..................................................................................................3-146 Florida DOT’s Coastal Roadway Lighting Manual ...................................................................................................3-147 Lighting Environmental Stewardship Practices .........................................................................................................3-147 FDOT’s Embedded Roadway Lighting Study ...........................................................................................................3-149 Caltrans Light Minimization Efforts ..........................................................................................................................3-149 Tennessee DOT Light Reduction and Maintenance Cost Savings .............................................................................3-149

3.15. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION...................................................................... 3-150 New York City Transit’s Green Building and Design for the Environment Programs ..............................................3-151 Design for Efficient Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning of Facilities...........................................................3-152 Design for Lighting Conservation..............................................................................................................................3-152

3.16. SAFETY REST AREAS, TRAVELER SERVICES, AND PARKING AREA DESIGN................................................. 3-152 Planning for Conservation in Rest Area Design......................................................................................... 3-153

Vegetated/Bioinfiltration Swales in Parking Facility Design.....................................................................................3-154 Permeable Pavements ................................................................................................................................................3-154 Porous Concrete Pavement ........................................................................................................................................3-154

CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP ..................... 4-1

4.1. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SITE STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES ............................................................................. 4-1 4.2. PREPARING ACCESS AND STAGING AREAS ...................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3. CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCING, TIMING, AND ACCELERATION.......................................................................... 4-2

Construction Phasing and Sequencing ........................................................................................................... 4-2 Preserving Local Fish and Wildlife through Attention to Timing Restrictions............................................... 4-3 Accelerated Construction ............................................................................................................................... 4-3

4.4. DISCOVERY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORIC SITES IN CONSTRUCTION ..................................................... 4-4 4.5. CONSTRUCTION IN STREAMS, WETLANDS, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS .................... 4-5

Pre-Contract and Pre-Construction Activities ............................................................................................... 4-5 Vegetation Protection ..................................................................................................................................... 4-7 Fish and Aquatic Species Protection .............................................................................................................. 4-8 Other Stewardship Considerations ............................................................................................................... 4-10 State Resources and Fact Sheets................................................................................................................... 4-11

4.6. EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL..................................................................................................... 4-11 Manuals for Stormwater and Erosion & Sedimentation Control ................................................................. 4-13 Procedural Management Practices for Water Quality ................................................................................. 4-16 Dewatering and Managing the Watercourse ................................................................................................ 4-17

Dewatering...................................................................................................................................................................4-17 Flow Diversion ............................................................................................................................................................4-20 Cofferdams...................................................................................................................................................................4-21 Turbidity Curtains........................................................................................................................................................4-21 Other Slope Stabilization and Drainage Techniques ....................................................................................................4-22 Managing Excavated Material or Spoil........................................................................................................................4-22


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Interception................................................................................................................................................... 4-22 Reducing Slope Length for Erosion Control ................................................................................................................4-22 Fiber Rolls ...................................................................................................................................................................4-23 Gravel Bags..................................................................................................................................................................4-23 Triangular Filter Dike ..................................................................................................................................................4-24 Strawbale Barriers........................................................................................................................................................4-24 Geotextiles, Mats/Plastic Covers and Erosion Control Blankets..................................................................................4-25 Inlet Protection Information:........................................................................................................................................4-26

Infiltration - Sediment Basins and Traps ...................................................................................................... 4-26 Sediment Basins...........................................................................................................................................................4-26 Sediment Trap..............................................................................................................................................................4-27 Check Dams.................................................................................................................................................................4-27 Sandbag Barrier ...........................................................................................................................................................4-28 Rock Berm ...................................................................................................................................................................4-28 Maintenance of Sediment Basins and Traps ................................................................................................................4-29

Vegetative Erosion Control .......................................................................................................................... 4-29 Wind Erosion Control................................................................................................................................... 4-30 Sediment Tracking Prevention...................................................................................................................... 4-30

Stabilizing Construction Entrances/Exits.....................................................................................................................4-30 Inspecting Adjacent Roads...........................................................................................................................................4-31 Entrance/Outlet Tire Wash...........................................................................................................................................4-31 Combining Recycling and Effective Erosion and Water Quality Control....................................................................4-32

Erosion Control Structure Removal.............................................................................................................. 4-34 New Technologies......................................................................................................................................... 4-34 Performance Monitoring Systems and Specifications for Contractors......................................................... 4-34

MDSHA System for 100 Percent Compliance in Construction Erosion & Sedimentation Control .............................4-34 NCDOT Delegated Erosion and Sedimentation Control Performance Tracking .........................................................4-34 Contractor Disincentive Specs for Inadequate/Improper Installation of BMPs............................................................4-35 WSDOT Application of ISO 14001 to Erosion and Sedimentation Control ................................................................4-35 NHDOT Stormwater Quality Retrofits ........................................................................................................................4-37

4.7. VEHICLE FLUID, FUEL, AND WASHWATER CONTROL .................................................................................... 4-37 Construction Vehicle Washing Areas ........................................................................................................... 4-37 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling.................................................................................................................... 4-39 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance ........................................................................................................... 4-40 Environmental Impacts of Construction & Repair Materials....................................................................... 4-41

4.8. AIR QUALITY CONTROL PRACTICES .............................................................................................................. 4-42 Diesel Emission Reduction Strategies .......................................................................................................... 4-42

Idling Reduction...........................................................................................................................................................4-43 Diesel Engine Retrofits through Fleet Management ....................................................................................................4-43 Use of Clean Fuels .......................................................................................................................................................4-44 Sample Diesel Emission Controls: The Boston Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) and New Haven Harbor Crossing ....4-45

Dust Control in Construction and Maintenance........................................................................................... 4-47 Model Air Monitoring and Dust Control Practices on Boston’s Central Artery Project ..............................................4-48

Practices to Minimize Emissions during Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction ......................................... 4-49 Guidance for Plant Mix Production and Field Compaction Temperatures of HMA ....................................................4-50 Aggregate, RAP, and Anti-Stripping Environmental Stewardship Practices ...............................................................4-51 HMA Facility Burner Operation and Maintenance Practices for Reducing Emissions ................................................4-51

Minimizing Volatile Organic Compounds from Traffic Paint ...................................................................... 4-52 4.9. NOISE MINIMIZATION.................................................................................................................................... 4-53

Underwater Pile Driving Practices and Conservation Measures ................................................................ 4-53 Blasting Practices and Mitigation Measures................................................................................................ 4-54 Land-based Construction Noise Control Practices ...................................................................................... 4-55 Construction Noise Pathway Controls.......................................................................................................... 4-63 Noise Complaint Procedure.......................................................................................................................... 4-66

4.10. MATERIALS STORAGE, COLLECTION, AND SPILL PREVENTION ON CONSTRUCTION SITES............................. 4-67 Materials Management on Construction Sites.............................................................................................. 4-67


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Materials Storage ......................................................................................................................................... 4-67 Control of Sediment from Raw Materials Storage Areas.............................................................................. 4-68 Collection and Disposal of Waste Materials on Construction Sites ............................................................. 4-68 Spill Prevention and Pollution Control for Hazardous Materials ................................................................ 4-69

4.11. VEGETATION MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................... 4-70 Noxious Weed Control in Construction ........................................................................................................ 4-70 Revegetation and Vegetation Salvage Plan .................................................................................................. 4-71 Site Preparation............................................................................................................................................ 4-73

4.12. SOIL MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4-74 Earthwork and Soil Management ................................................................................................................. 4-74 Contouring.................................................................................................................................................... 4-74 Subgrade Preparation .................................................................................................................................. 4-75 Topsoil Preservation..................................................................................................................................... 4-75

Documents

Environmental Stewardship Practices, Procedures, and ...4)_FR.pdf · management practices to residential and commercial projects throughout the state. Resource agencies send their