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Environmental Environmental Requirements for Requirements for Plant GrowthPlant Growth
Unit 4 Introductory HorticultureUnit 4 Introductory Horticulture
LightLight
Intensity: Brightness. Foot-candle is the Intensity: Brightness. Foot-candle is the form of measurementform of measurement
Day-length or Photoperiod: time in lightDay-length or Photoperiod: time in light Long day: summer annuals (marigolds)Long day: summer annuals (marigolds) Short day: short photoperiods (poinsettia)Short day: short photoperiods (poinsettia)
Color: red spectrum -> blue spectrum Color: red spectrum -> blue spectrum plants need both, sun has bothplants need both, sun has both
TemperatureTemperature
Varies from plant to plantVaries from plant to plant Sun lovers can take high temps with Sun lovers can take high temps with
plenty of water and humidityplenty of water and humidity Greenhouse tempGreenhouse temp
Germination 65-75Germination 65-75ooFF Growth 55-65Growth 55-65ooFF
WaterWater
Necessary for 13 of 16 nutrient uptakeNecessary for 13 of 16 nutrient uptake Growth and MaintenanceGrowth and Maintenance
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Sap – transport nutrientsSap – transport nutrients Transpiration – coolingTranspiration – cooling Turgor – plant shape due to cell shape, Turgor – plant shape due to cell shape,
opposite of turgor is wiltopposite of turgor is wilt
Water (continued)Water (continued)
Methods and FrequencyMethods and Frequency Infrequent, thorough watering is bestInfrequent, thorough watering is best Container plants: bottom watering is bestContainer plants: bottom watering is best
Encourages root growthEncourages root growth Dry soil helps reduce diseaseDry soil helps reduce disease
HumidityHumidity
40-60% is ideal40-60% is ideal Cold winter days and hot summer days Cold winter days and hot summer days
humidity is too lowhumidity is too low Plant misters can be usedPlant misters can be used
MediaMedia
Soil (natural media), Artificial, Soil (natural media), Artificial, Hydroponics (no media)Hydroponics (no media)
Support the plantSupport the plant Consistency of volume – wet or dryConsistency of volume – wet or dry Adequate porosity (drainage, aeration)Adequate porosity (drainage, aeration) Provide nutrients (13 needed from soil)Provide nutrients (13 needed from soil) Correct pH for plant (most plants 6.5-7)Correct pH for plant (most plants 6.5-7)
NutrientsNutrients
Plants need 16 nutrientsPlants need 16 nutrients Organic macro nutrientsOrganic macro nutrients
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygenCarbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Essential nutrientsEssential nutrients NitrogenNitrogen PhosphorusPhosphorus PotassiumPotassium
Sterilization Sterilization (Applies to Media)(Applies to Media)
Free of disease, weed seeds, parasites, Free of disease, weed seeds, parasites, insectsinsects
180180ooF for 30 minutes – steam dry heatF for 30 minutes – steam dry heat Chemical sterilization – methyl bromide Chemical sterilization – methyl bromide
gasgas Steam heat – commercial greenhouseSteam heat – commercial greenhouse Chemical – commercial greenhouseChemical – commercial greenhouse
Insects and DiseasesInsects and Diseases
Sources and PreventionSources and Prevention Media: sterilizeMedia: sterilize Infected Plants: buy good quality plants from Infected Plants: buy good quality plants from
reputable greenhousesreputable greenhouses Watering: bottom watering whenever possible, avoid Watering: bottom watering whenever possible, avoid
splashingsplashing ControlsControls
Insects: spray, dip, discardInsects: spray, dip, discard Weeds: pull, sprayWeeds: pull, spray Disease: discardDisease: discard