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RASKIN INDUSTRIES 1141 Holland Drive, Unit 23
Boca Raton FL 33487
PRODUCT
R9
Luxury Vinyl Dryback Flooring
MODEL
R9 – 2.5 mm thickness with 28 mil wear layer.
FUNCTIONAL UNIT 1 Square Meter of Flooring. The lifetime of the product is 30 years
under a moderate use scenario in commercial, residential and/or
industrial interiors. The time horizon of this assessment is 60 years.
EPD NUMBER AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY SCS-EPD-03979 / Valid: May 6th, 2016 - May 5th, 2021
PRODUCT CATEGORY RULE Product Category Rule (PCR) for preparing an Environmental Product
Declaration (EPD) for Flooring: Carpet, Resilient, Laminate, Ceramic,
Wood. NSF International. Version 2. 2014.
PROGRAM OPERATOR:
2000 Powell Street, Ste. 600, Emeryville, CA 94608
+1.510.452.8000 | www.SCSglobalServices.com
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
2
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Disclaimers: This Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) conforms to ISO 14025, 14040, ISO 14044, and ISO 21930.
Scope of Results Reported: The PCR requirements limit the scope of the LCA metrics such that the results exclude environmental and social performance benchmarks and thresholds, and exclude impacts from the depletion of natural resources, land use ecological impacts, ocean impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions, risks from hazardous wastes and impacts linked to hazardous chemical emissions.
Accuracy of Results: Due to PCR constraints, this EPD provides estimations of potential impacts that are inherently limited in terms of accuracy.
Comparability: The PCR this EPD was based on was not written to support comparative assertions. EPDs based on different PCRs, or different calculation models, may not be comparable. When attempting to compare EPDs or life cycle impacts of products from different companies, the user should be aware of the uncertainty in the final results, due to and not limited to, the practitioner’s assumptions, the source of the data used in the study, and the specifics of the product modeled.
PCR review, was conducted by Thomas P. Gloria, PhD., Industrial Ecology Associates, [email protected]
Valid: May 6, 2016 to May 5, 2021
Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2007. internal external
Third party verifier
Table of ContentsProduct and Company Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cover
Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Product Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Product Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Material Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Production of Main Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Product Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Life Cycle Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Product Life Cycle Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Life Cycle Assessment Stages and Reported EPD Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Life Cycle Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Life Cycle Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
a
Aditi Suresh, SCS Global Services
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 3
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONR9 is a series of collections that were created with the designer in mind. R9 features fabric, stone, concrete, oak and
distressed oak designs that will compliment any décor. With its 100% Phthalate free and soy based 28 mil wear layer
and 2.5mm thickness R9 requires no finishes that can be harmful to the environment as it features the G88 advanced
finish; R9 features multiply virgin stabilization layers to ensure the prevention of expansion due to various room
temperatures. With its unique and stylish flair R9 is available in 39 colorations and carries a Lifetime Residential and 20
Year Commercial limited warranty.
PRODUCT PERFORMANCE
Table 1. Product Performance Characteristics for R9 2.5 mm.
Characteristic Test Method Results or Description
Thickness ASTM F386 0.098”
Shore hardness ASTM D2240 99 (Average Durometer Hardness)
Abrasion ASTM D3384 170,000
Resistance to Abrasion ASTM510 0.33% (Percent Weight Loss) 0.07% (Volume Loss, g/cm3) 3.63% (Volume Loss MM3/100 rev)
Dimension Stability ASTM F2199 0.0112”/lin. ft. (Machine Direction) 0.0025” (Cross Direction)
Slip Resistance ASTM D2047 0.89 (Dry) 0.94 (Wet)
Static Load ASTM F970 0.004” (1000 psi) Modified
Flexibility ASTM F137 Passes
Heat Resistance ASTM F1514 0.981
Light Resistance ASTM F1515 2.528
Resistance to Chemicals ASTM F925 No Change
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Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
PRODUCT APPLICATIONS Vinyl tile used in indoor commercial applications in a variety of industries, including retail, hospitality and healthcare. R9 is
warrantied for medium to heavy commercial applications and can be installed over all types of subfloors, including natural
wood, concrete, one layer of existing vinyl, ceramic and uneven subfloors. Flooring provides durability, performance and
aesthetic appeal to building interiors.
MATERIAL CONTENTTable 2. Material content for R9 2.5 mm.
Component Materials Mass %Availability Origin of Raw
MaterialsRenewable Non-Renewable Recycled
PVCSuspension PVC
polymer 62% - Non-Renewable - Global
Filler Calcium Carbonate 28.7% - Non-Renewable - Global
Plasticizer DOTP 7.1% - Non-Renewable - Global
Stabilizer Proprietary Formulation 1.5% - Non-Renewable - Global
Others below 1%
Proprietary Formulation 0.6% - Non-Renewable - Global
No undisclosed materials are required to be listed based on the reporting criteria of section 4.1 of the PCR.
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 5
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
PRODUCTION OF MAIN MATERIALS Virgin PVC: Thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride is widely used in a variety of industries, including flooring. It is derived from
the chlorination of ethylene and the subsequent polymerization of vinyl chloride.
Filler: Material added to product to assure dimensional stability that is predominately calcium carbonate.
Plasticizer: Dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP): Organic compound produced from terephthalic acid and ethylhexanol. Utilized
to increase the flexibility of PVC raw material.
Stabilizer: Common stabilizers used in the vinyl tile industry tend to be produced primarily from zinc, calcium and tin.
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS:Table 3. Product Characteristics for R9 2.5 mm.
Characteristics Average Value Unit Maximum Value Minimum Value
Product Thickness2.5
(0.10”)mm
(inch)2.65 (0.10)
2.35 (0.09)
Wear Layer Thickness0.25
(0.01”)mm
(inch)0.27
(0.01”)0.23
(0.01”)
Average Product Weight4,600 (15.07)
g/m2 (oz/ft2)
5,190 (17.01)
4,140 (13.57)
Product Form:
Planks
Width:168.28 (6.63”)
mm (inch”)
234.95 (9.25”)
101.6 (4.00”)
Length:1.21
(3.97’)m
(feet)1.5
(4.94’) .91
(3.00’)
Tiles Dimension381.0 x 533.4
(15” x 21”)mm
(inch) 457.2 x 457.2
(18” x 18”) 304.8 x 609.6
(12” x 24”)
VOC Emissions Test Method CDPH/EHLB Standard Method v1.1 - 2010
Additional Characteristics According to NSF/ANSI 332 None
Sustainable Certifications Floorscore® IAQ Certification
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Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: The underlying LCA for this EPD includes the Sourcing/Extraction, Manufacturing, Delivery and Installation, Use, and
End-of-Life phases, as defined by the product category PCR. The LCA was confirmed to be in conformance to ISO14040/
ISO 14044 through independent review by SCS.
Product Life Cycle Flow Diagram for R9, 2.5 mm
Sourcing andExtraction
Transportation Energy
Manufacturing
End-of-Life
Delivery and Installation
Note: Some reclamation or recycling optionsmay exist at the end of the life of the product. However, for the purposes of the LCA, we have conservatively assumed all material is sent to a landfill.
Manufacturing
Use of Product
Installation
Use and Maintenance
Landfill
Water Waste Outputs
Neutral Detergent
Glass FiberProduction
Corrugated Board Production
Polyurethane Production
Polyethylene Film Processing
Virgin PVC Extraction& Processing
Plasticiser Extraction and Processing
CaCo3 Filler Extraction and Processing
Stabilizer Extractionand Processing
Water
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 7
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Description of Functional Unit This report represents 1 meter square (1 m2) of finished Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT). The lifetime of the product is assumed to be 30 years, although the actual lifetime of the product may vary due to floor traffic, maintenance program and aesthetics. As required by the Product Category Rules, the time horizon of this assessment is 60 years.
Cut-off criteria Material inputs greater than 1% (based on total mass of the final product) were included within the scope of analysis. Material inputs less than 1% were included if sufficient data was available to warrant inclusion and/or the material input was thought to have significant environmental impact. Cumulative excluded material inputs and environmental impacts are less than 5%, based on weight of the functional unit.
System boundaries The system boundaries include sourcing/extraction stage, manufacturing stage, delivery and installation stage, use stage and end of life stage. Primary data are used for the manufacturing, delivery, installation and use stages. Secondary data are used for sourcing/extraction and the end of life stage. Waste for installation and end of life landfilled.
Major assumptions used in the assessment include:
§§ Generic zinc dataset is an appropriate substitution for the proprietary formulation of stabilizer.
§§ DINP dataset is an appropriate substitution for DOTP dataset.
§§ Use phase scenarios developed using industry wide data are representative of the use of Raskin Flooring
products in the marketplace.
§§ China based energy sources are appropriate substitutions for Korean energy sources.
§§ For the materials with recycled content, it is assumed that in instances where data is not available regarding
the collection and processing of recycled materials, that the material’s virgin equivalent is an appropriate
substitution for the recycled pathway. The virgin pathway is considered a conservative (i.e has higher embedded
impacts) estimation of the recycled pathway.
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Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Allocation Where possible allocation was avoided. However, when allocation was used, it was calculated on a physical basis. For example, primary energy was allocated based on physical units of production measured in square meters. Allocated raw material inputs were checked against outputs of the manufacturing unit process using a mass balance calculation. Also of relevance to the study is the method in which recycled materials were handled. Throughout the study recycled materials were accounted for via the cut-off method. Under this method, impacts and benefits associated with the previous life of a raw material from recycled stock are excluded from the system boundary. All upstream collection, transportation and reprocessing of recycled materials to to be used in the product are included.
Background Data Unit processes were developed with Gabi version 6.107, drawing upon data from multiple sources. Primary data were provided by Raskin Industries. The primary sources of secondary LCI data were: GaBi Databases.
Table 4. Background data sources table.
Material Data Source Date
Suspension PVC Polymer US: Polyvinylchloride granulate (Suspension, S-PVC) PE 2012
DOTP Plasticiser DE: Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) PE 2012
Filler (CaCO3) US: Limestone flour (5mm) PE 2012
Stabiliser GLO: Special high grade zinc ELCD/IZA 2012
Pigment Below cut-off level N/A
Polyurethane Coating US: Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU, TPE-U) adhesive PE 2012
Glass Fibre US: Glass fibres PE 2012
Recycle PVC Compound US: Plastic recycling (unspecified, high metal contamination) PE <p-agg> 2012
Closed Loop PVC Internal Closed Loop PVC <u-so> 2014
Pallets US: Rough green lumber, softwood, at sawmill, US PNW USLCI/PE 2009
Cardboard Box EU-27: Corrugated board incl. paper production, average composition 2012 PE/FEFCO [p-agg] 2013
Plastics film and bands US: Polyethylene film (LDPE/PE-LD) PE 2012
Down Stream Transportation GLO: Truck-Trilor, diesel driven, Euro 3, cargo 2012
Fuel of Transportation CN:Diesel mix at filling station 2010
Natural Gas for production CN: Thermal energy from natural gas PE 2010
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 9
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Table 4. Background data sources table (continued).
Material Data Source Date
Diesel for production CN: Diesel mix at filling station PE 2010
Electricity for production CN: Electricity grid mix PE 2010
Process Water for Production EU-27: Process water PE 2012
Shipping Waste to Landfill GLO: Truck-Trilor, diesel driven, Euro 3, cargo 2012,
Landfill of waste US: Landfilling of plastic waste PE <p-agg> 2012
Fuel to ship waste to Landfill CN: Diesel mix at filling station PE 2010
Upstream Transportation from factory to port GLO: Truck-Trilor, diesel driven, Euro 3, cargo 2012
Upstream ocean bound shipping to US GLO: Container ship PE <u-so> 2012
Shipping from port to storage and installation site. US: Truck - Trailer, basic enclosed / 45,000 lb payload - 8b PE <u-so> 2012
Fuel for Upstream Transportation from factory to port CN:Diesel mix at filling station 2010
Fuel for Ocean Bound shipping CN:Diesel mix at filling station 2010
Fuel shipping from port to storage and installation site. US: Diesel mix at refinery PE 2010
Polyurethane US: Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU, TPE-U) adhesive PE 2012
EVA US: Ethylene Vinylacetate Copolymer (E/VA) (72% Ethylene, 28% Vinylacetate) PE 2012,
Water US: Water deionized PE 2012,
Shipping installation materials to landfill US: Truck - Trailer, basic enclosed / 45,000 lb payload - 8b PE <u-so> 2012,
Landfilling of installation materials US: Landfilling of plastic waste PE <p-agg> 2012
Water for Cleaning over lifetime US: Water deionized PE 2012
Electricity for Cleaning over lifetime US: Electricity grid mix (egrid) (production mix) 2010
Detergent GLO: Detergent (fatty acid sulfonate derivate); technology mix; production mix, at producer; PE 2012
Municipal Waste water treatment from cleaning and maintenance US: Municipal waste water treatment (mix) PE 2012
Shipping from installation site to landfill at EOL US: Truck - Trailer, basic enclosed / 45,000 lb payload - 8b PE <u-so> 2012
Landfilling US: Landfilling of plastic waste PE <p-agg> 2012
10
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Data quality and data quality assessment
Table 5. Data Quality of Life Cycle Inventory Table.
Data Quality Parameter Data Quality Discussion
Time-Related Coverage: Age of data and the minimum length of time over which data should be collected
Overall time coverage of all datasets is excellent and meets the requirement of the PCR that no background data is older than 10 years.
Geographical Coverage: Geographical area from which data for unit processes should be collected to satisfy the goal of the study
Manufacturing geographic coverage of background data is poor. This is due to the limited life cycle based data coming from South Korea. The Geographic coverage of non-manufacturing related datasets is good. Most downstream processes are specific to the United States where better industry wide LCA data is available.
Technology Coverage: Specific technology or technology mix
Overall technological coverage is good and represents best available data for company specific value chain.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT STAGES AND REPORTED EPD INFORMATION
Sourcing/extraction (raw material acquisition) stage
This stage includes the extraction of virgin materials from the earth and the initial processing of extracted material by raw
material suppliers. For materials from recycled feedstock, the collection, sorting and reprocessing of these materials is
included. Shipping of processed raw materials to the site of packaging is included, as are packaging materials required for
shipping.
Manufacturing stage
This stage of the life cycle begins when the raw materials are received at the manufacturing facility. Production is
completed when the final product is packaged for shipping to the customer. Energy sources utilized in production include
both electrical and thermal energy. Water is also utilized in the process. The use of packaging materials necessary to ship
the product to the customer is accounted for in this stage of the LCA.
Production waste
Production waste is minimized through reclamation and reuse of PVC waste generated in the manufacturing process.
Other materials are recycled through local recycling operations.
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 11
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Delivery and installation stage
Delivery
The delivery stage includes truck shipping of the finished product from Korean Manufacturing facility to nearest Korean
seaport (100 km), container vessel shipping from Korean port to US port (16000 km) and truck shipping to warehouse and
installation site (500 km).
Installation
Flooring is installed with a full spread adhesive. Recommended installation instruction can be found at:
http://www.raskinind.com/installation-warranty.
Waste
Waste created during the installation process can be recycled or disposed of through local waste handling options.
Transportation of waste is included in this stage.
Packaging
Table 6. Packaging Material.
Material Category
Cardboard Box Paper Product, recyclable in most municipal markets.
Polyester Straps Plastic product, recyclable in most municipal markets.
Polythene Wrap Plastic product, recyclable in most municipal markets.
Wood Wood product, likely recyclable.
Use Stage
Use of the flooring covering
The reference service life (RSL) of the product is 30 years under a moderate use scenario in commercial, residential and/or
industrial interiors.
Cleaning and maintenance
Manufacturer recommended cleaning procedures can be found at: http://www.raskinind.com/installation-warranty
For the purposes of this EPD, a use scenario based on industry average was used. Cleaning inputs include a mild
detergent, electricity and water.
12
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Table 7. Cleaning and Maintenance Table.
Level of use Cleaning process Cleaning frequencyConsumption of energy and
resources
Commercial Dust Mop Daily(7,800 over RSL) None
Commercial Damp mopWeekly
(1,560 over RSL) Hot Water, Electricity,Neutral Detergent.
End-of-Life stage
Recycling, reuse, or repurpose
For the purposes of the LCA, all flooring waste is assumed to be sent to landfill.
Disposal
Product can be disposed of in municipal landfills subject to local regulations. For the purposes of this EPD, it is assumed
that all products are sent to the landfill at the end of their useful life.
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORYThe following flows are to be disclosed per the requirements of ISO 21930. Results are for 1-m2 of flooring for 1 year.
Gorilla Floors R9
Aggregated Flow Value Unit
Depletion of non-renewable energy resources 10 kg
Depletion of non-renewable material resources 24 kg
Use of renewable material resources 5,720 kg
Use of primary energy 405 MJ
Consumption of freshwater 107 kg
Radioactive Waste 6.4x10-3 kg
Hazardous Waste 0 kg
Non-Hazardous Waste 24 kg
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 13
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Data sources All results presented below have been calculated using the CML 2001 Nov 2013 characterization method.
Impact declaration and use stage normalization
Table A. Cradle to Install and End of life for 1 m2 of flooring for 1 year. R9, 2.5 mm.
Gorilla Floors R9
Impact Category Units Sourcing &
Extraction Manufacturing Delivery & Installation End of Life Total
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential kg C2H4 eq 7.39x10-3 8.84x10-4 3.64x10-3 1.55x10-3 1.35x10-2
Potential for Global Warming, 100 year time horizon kg CO2 eq 12.6 1.62 5.08 0.309 19.6
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Potential
kg CFC-11 eq 2.79x10-8 1.51x10-12 2.25x10-10 6.01x10-12 2.82x10-8
Eutrophication Potential kg PO4 eq 3.53x10-3 1.38x10-3 8.55x10-3 1.53x10-3 1.5x10-2
Acidification Potential kg SO2 eq 2.8x10-2 1.10x10-2 4.42x10-2 3.57x10-3 8.68x10-2
Abiotic Depletion Potential, Elements kg Sb eq 1.46x10-4 6.70x10-8 7.61x10-6 1.05x10-7 1.54x10-4
Abiotic Depletion Potential, Fossil MJ 289 16.6 66.9 4.91 378
Primary energy – non-renewable MJ 303 16.9 69.0 5.02 394
Primary energy – renewable MJ 7.64 1.54 1.27 0.226 10.7
Table B. Average 1-year use stage impacts for 1 m2 flooring. R9, 2.5 mm
Gorilla Floors R9
Impact Category Units Use and Maintenance
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential kg C2H4 eq 1.08x10-5
Potential for Global Warming, 100 year time horizon kg CO2 eq 5.32x10-2
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Potential kg CFC-11 eq 4.37x10-12
Eutrophication Potential kg PO4 eq 6.63x10-5
Acidification Potential kg SO2 eq 1.07x10-4
Abiotic Depletion Potential, Elements kg Sb eq 2.55x10-7
Abiotic Depletion Potential, Fossil MJ 0.453
Primary energy – non-renewable MJ 0.533
Primary energy – renewable MJ 6.98x10-2
List of Use and Maintenance Activities to accompany Table B.
Maintenance Activity Frequency over user defined RSL of product
Dust Mop Daily
Damp Mop Weekly
14
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
Table C. Life Cycle Stage Impacts for a building life of 60 years, for 1 –m2 of flooring. R9, 2.5 mm
Gorilla Floors R9 User Defined Reference Service Life 30 years
Number of Installations over 60 years 2
Impact Category Units Sourcing &
Extraction Manufacturing Delivery & Installation Use End of Life Total
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential kg C2H4 eq 1.48x10-2 1.77x10-3 7.28x10-3 6.50x10-4 3.09x10-3 2.76x10-2
Potential for Global Warming, 100 year
time horizonkg CO2 eq 25.1 3.23 10.2 3.19 0.617 42.3
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Potential kg CFC-11 eq 5.58x10-8 3.01x10-12 4.49x10-10 2.62x10-10 1.20x10-11 5.66x10-8
Eutrophication Potential kg PO4 eq 7.05x10-3 2.76x10-3 1.71x10-2 3.98x10-3 3.06x10-3 3.39x10-2
Acidification Potential kg SO2 eq 5.6x10-2 2.19x10-2 8.83x10-2 6.41x10-3 7.13x10-3 0.18
Abiotic Depletion Potential, Elements kg Sb eq 2.92x10-4 1.34x10-7 1.52x10-5 1.53x10-5 2.10x10-7 3.23x10-4
Abiotic Depletion Potential, Fossil MJ 579 33.1 134 27.2 9.81 783
Primary energy – non-renewable MJ 606 33.8 138 32.0 10.0 820
Primary energy – renewable MJ 15.3 3.08 2.54 4.19 0.452 25.5
© 2016 SCSglobalServices.com 15
Environmental Product Declaration Raskin R9 Flooring
REFERENCES:1. Life Cycle Assessment LVT Tile Manufactured by NOX Corporation. WAP Sustainability Consulting. March 2016.
2. Product Category Rule (PCR) for preparing an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Flooring: Carpet, Resilient,
Laminate, Ceramic, Wood. NSF International. Version 2. 2014.
3. SCS Type III Environmental Declaration Program: Program Operator Manual v7.0. October, 2015. SCS Global Services
4. ISO 14044: 2006 Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and Guidelines.
5. ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and Procedures.
6. Bare, J., et al. TRACI – The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts.
Journal of Industrial Ecology. Volume 6, no. 3-4 (2003). http://mitpress.mit.edu/jie
7. GaBi Life Cycle Database. ThinkStep. http://www.gabi-software.com/databases