ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT ON SEE PORTS AND COASTAL ZONES Tania Floqi1, Leonardo Damiani2, Jordan Marinski3, Tatiana Branca2, Matilda Mali2, Chrysostomos Stylios4, Ana Tomori1

1Polytechnic University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania2Polytechnic of Bari, Bari 70123 Italy

3Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, So�a 1784, Bulgaria4Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta 47100, Greece

1�oqitania@yahoo.com; 2l.damiani@poliba.it, tatiana.branca@yahoo.it, m.mali@poliba.it; 3marinski@bas.bg; 4stylios@teiep.gr

Introduction Pollution management is the most relevant part of the application of EMS (Environmental Management System) within the port areas and coastal zones.

The creation of ten “local networks” (as many as the port authorities involved in the project TEN ECOPORT) aims to establish a permanent discussion platform as a concrete tool for the timely solution of the critical pollution issues, and also will contribute to de�ne realistic solutions in an e�ective manner, including “key-actors” involved:

Port Authorities and their internal/external operators, for the “step-by-step” monitoring of the EMS process [1], [7]. This is a preliminary work for the next phase - “Eco-mapping”. It is a simple and innovative tool which helps ports in the implementation of the environmental management.

The aim is to introduce and implement this methodology in all South East Europe ports and their coastal areas, in order to establish a Common Model for Environmental and Sustainable Development of the sea-network.

All TEN ECOPORT ports chose at least one environmental issue and its related environmental objective. During the round tables, in each working group, proper forms were comple-ted in order to obtain the eco-maps with these results [4, 7]:

PORT OF VARNA, BULGARIA• Water and air pollution form by processing of metal scrub and bulk cargo.

PORT OF BURGAS, BULGARIA • Water pollution from untreated discharges of the city;• Air pollution by cargo processing.

PORT OF BAR, MONTENEGRO• Water pollution from sewerage system;• Air pollution by handling and storage of ores in open yard.

PORT AUTHORITY OF DUBROVNIK, CROATIA • Water pollution from effluent contaminants discharged into port water area by surface runoff;• Air pollution due to the combustion of marine fuels with high sulphur content.

PORT OF IGUMENITSA, GREECE • Water pollution discharged into port water area by surface runoff.

PATRAS PORT AUTHORITY, GREECE • Water pollution by ship berthing;• Air pollution by ship berthing, vehicle and tractors; • Energy consumption and natural sources consumption (paper) by administrative support and costumer services.

DURRES PORT AUTHORITY, ALBANIA • Water pollution from berthing of fishing fleet and their repair; • Air pollution by bulk handling.

LEVANTE PORT AUTHORITY, ITALY Port of Bari• Air pollution by traffic, parking and loading and unloading of goods • Energy consumption by costumer services and street lightening • Port land area pollution by waste collection process, and cargo residues • Cruise terminal pollution by the considerable amount of waste produced on board

Port of Monopoli • Water pollution from potential discharge of cargo residues and refined products in port water area, and ship berthing • Land pollution by loading and unloading operations

Port of Barletta• Air pollution by emission of greenhouse gas and particulate matter in atmosphere due to the movements of vehicles• Water pollution and land pollution by loading and unloading operations

PORT OF COSTANTZA, MANAGED BY ROMANIAN NAVAL AUTHORITY, ROMANIA• Water pollution from oil terminal which needs to have oil separation; • Pollution coming from shipyard activities.

The creation of the local networks -working groups- involving all local stakeholders can guarantee the realistic information and provide timely solution plans. The implementation of innovative methodo-logies and instruments for mapping the critical issues for each port and the highlighting of the common key-elements, ensure achievability of concrete results for a Common Action Plan aimed to act feasible processes to protect ports area and surrounding ecosystem. After an overview of eco-mapping, it became clear that almost in all ports can be adopted some solutions, such as:• improvement of the technology of cargo handling;• installation of automatic monitoring system for the control of air pollution in port area, in order to take a inventory of the total emissions and apply processes for the reduction of ship emissions;• use of higher quality fuels and promotion of the use of green-vehicle (electric or methane cars) and facilitation of the replacement of old trucks by low-emission vehicles;• adopting of policies for Water management including first flush water treatment – monitoring of untreated water from municipal service buildings of the port of discharged in aquatorium – monitoring of water consumptions;• improvement of the technology of waste disposal in the port (compress containers, special vehicles, cleaning machines, selective waste disposal, regularly emptying waste bins etc.);• definition of a tariff system that promotes waste recycling;• prevention and corrective actions for oil-spilling by applying good practices

Conclusions

Materials and methods:• First step of the methodology proposed is the organization of 10 round tables, one per Port Authority involved, in order to create working groups (named local networks) in which the Port authorities include key-stakeholders (Internal/External Ports Operators). • The second step of the methodology is the implementation of Eco-mapping. Eco-map [5] is an A4-size map of the port site, including birthing area, cargo spaces, ferry trucks, packing spaces, access roads, port roads and the surrounding environment, where several symbols indicate several kinds of problems inserted in one form containing port details, port environmental issues, data quality and source, stakeholders involved and environmental action program-me. It is not only a practical method for conducting an environmental review, but also a tool that helps in learning about and collecting data. This activity aims to provide the mapping of all the speci�c critical issues within each port area and surrounding cities involved, it allows to get: - an inventory of practices and problems; - a systematic method of conducting an on-site environmental review; - a collection of information which shows the current situation using photos; - a work and awareness-raising tool; - a do-it-yourself tool; In TEN ECOPORT project, the method is aimed at collecting relevant data for the ports involved providing: stakeholder details (port authorities, polluters, port operators, decision-makers, public institutions etc.) and the eco-maps, aiming to �nd out the environmental critical problem and their proper solution [1], [3]

References1- EMAS http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/emas

2- EN ISO 14001. Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use, Brussels: CEN, 2004.

3- EN ISO 14004. Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques, Brussels: CEN, 2004

4- Documental Analyses and Monitoring Data, Project ECOPORT 8 - Environmental Management of Transborder Corridor Ports, Code SEE/A/218/2.2/X

5- Heinz-Werner Engel. Ecomapping, Brussels 2002 (pages 3-15)

6- General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques, Brussels: CEN, 2004

7- Branca, T., Damiani L., Floqi T., Marinski J. (2011). Existing environmental management measures in SEE ports. Proceedings of the ECOPORT 8 2nd Transnational Event, 21 October 2010, Bucharest, Romania, p. 23-28

The macro-categories of environmental aspects considered in the TEN ECOPORT

project are:

Results and discussion:

Water

Air

Soil

Waste

Consumptions