Slayt 1

Environmental Performance of Tourism Accommodations in Protected Areas and Tourism Ecolabels in TurkeyNazmiye ErdoanBakent University TurkeyTo explore the nature of environmental performance of tourism accommodations in Greme Historical National park

To explicate the status of tourism ecolabels in Turkey Aims of the Research

22Greme Historical National parkPark is located at Cappadocia region in Central Anatolia UNESCO World Heritage List in 19853

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Cappadocia is known for its pinnacles of eroded volcanic ash, hundreds of churches and underground cities carved in the soft rock 4

The area is a popular tourist destination

Hot air balloon trekking cycling horse-riding

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This study builds upon the theoretical framework that the environmental performance is closely related with the environmental impacts of the prevailing policy and management activities of the tourism establishments. Theoretical Framework of the Study

7The minimization of the negative effects on the natural environment that stem from the character of daily production activities and relations in the tourism industries Preferred Environmental Performance means:

8Is only recently being investigated from the environmental perspective and not much work has been published in this area

Accommodation sector in Turkey

9Self-regulatory mechanisms for improving the industry's environmental performance

Many of the standards focus on accommodation, and in particular on hotels, but there are also very specific standards covering beaches, marinas, travel agency, tour operators, tour guides, protected areas

Awards and ecolabel accreditation

10Turkey will continue to implement projects to preserve the environment and its cultural identity.

To evaluate the effects of tourism on environment

Relevant campaigns started in 1992Ecolabel Schemes in Turkey

11Ecolabel/ awardPine Award(National)Green Star(National)

White Star(National)

Greening Hotels

Green Globe 21

Green Key

StatusVoluntaryVol.VolVol.Vol.Vol.Focus AreaAccomod.Accomod.Accomod.

Accomod.AllAllInitiation &Cessation Date1992 -20082009-2009-2009-19941994CertifiedMemberNot used anymore22 hotels40 hotels43 hotels4 hotels4 hotelsNumber of Criteria-122 55 87 -78CertifyingAuthorityMCTRPublic Authority MCTR Public AuthorityTUROFED NGOTUROBNGOWTTCHORESTANGOEcolabel Schemes for Tourism Accommodation in Turkey 1212

National ECOLABEL

Pine awardGreen StarWhite Star Green StarWhite Star

Pine award13Pine Award- Tourism Minister Friend of the Environment

Harmony of the facility with nature, Energy and water conservation, wastewater treatment and reuse Environmental education materials for visitors, and training of the staff

14Not used anymore Environment policy, a private eco-manager, or be audited by a specialist firm Water and energy usage, training employees to raise their environmental awareness They should use local products in their menu at least twice a day GREEN Star-Tourism Minister eco-friendly hotels

1522 hotels Environmental EducationEnvironmental management systemLandscape design Ecological architecture Energy, Water, Wastewater managamentWhite Star-TUROFEDLivable Environment Project

1640 hotels

International ECOLABELBlue FlagGreenings HotelsGreen KeyGreen Globe 21

17Blue Flag Foundation for Environmental Education IN TURKEYBlue Flag beaches 324 Blue Flag marinas 17

18324Blue flag beaches

1917Blue Flag Marinas

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Touristic Hotels & Investors Associations leads to this idea via Greening Hotels Project

Audits are made objectively by one of the worlds biggest accreditation firms 43 HOTELSGreening Hotels TUROB

21 As a follow-up to the Earth Summit, in 1994 World Tourism and Travel Council set up GG21

GG21 provides guidance material and a certification process linked to both ISO standards and Agenda 21 principles

4 HOTELS

Green Globe 21 - WTTC22Applies 78 criteria to be met by properties seeking certification

Foundation for Environmental Education

4 HOTELSThe Green Key HORESTA

Hotel, Restaurant and Leisure Industry Association23

Method24Study population 104 Accommodation in the study area. 78 Managers completed the survey 73 Valid questionnaires

25Accommodation groupsAccommodation status Total in the region Total in the study GROUP A Five-star33Four-star1817Three-star109GROUP B Special-licenced3022Apart hotel 21GROUP C Two-star 134One-star33Boarding house 2514TOTAL10473Distribution of the accomodations

260 = no performance 4= the highest performance Environmental performance categories and distribution of the indicators

Cat No.Performance CategoriesNumber of indicators1Architecture and landscape design42Energy efficiency/resource conservation73Waste reduction54Water efficiency/conservation45Education and training for environmental awareness46Communication for environmental awareness57Managerial knowledge on environmental protection38Others 727

Findings2828Low environmental performanceEnergy efficiencyWater conservationWaste management Environmental trainingEnvironmental awarenessEnvironmental policy

29Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A meanGroup B meanGroup C meanTotal meanUsing local material in construction2.353.172.712.73 Hotel architecture in harmony with environment2.813.572.713.03 Garden planning suitable with environment2.923.392.823.06 Plan that does not spoil natural and historical environment2.743.742.863.10 Group mean2.713.472.782.98 1. Architecture and landscape design0 = no performance 4= the highest performance 3030

Using natural material in construction Special-licenced hotels 31

Hotel architecture in harmony with environment 32YK HOUSE

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Garden planning suitable with environment 35

36Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A MeanGroup B MeanGroup C MeanTotal MeanUsing key-card control system in guest rooms1.50.65.19.85Energy-saver control system in guest rooms.67.36.00.38Using solar energy1.501.361.101.34Using photocell lighting in washrooms2.211.24.951.55Using phosporate cat-eye in lighting outside0.690.620.18.512. Energy efficiency

Purchasing low energy consuming materials2.442.052.302.28Using the energy saving light bulbs in rooms2.972.232.432.58Group mean1.711.221.021.36 3737Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A MeanGroup B MeanGroup C MeanTotal MeanSolid waste separation at source1.281.361.811.46Using recycled paper in brochures1.070.780.900.93Composting the organic and food waste0.410.190.430.35Purchasing materials with recyclable feature1.591.611.671.62Cooperation with recycling firms1.210.090.620.68 3. Waste management and reductionGroup mean1.110.811.091.013838Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A MeanGroup B MeanGroup C MeanTotal MeanUsing treated water in garden irrigation0.320.140.100.20Wastewater treatment0.590.350.240.41Using photocell water armateurs0.930.270.430.58Using water saving measures on linen change1.811.822.522.03Group mean0.910.650.820.81 4. Water efficiency and conservation3939Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A MeanGroup B MeanGroup C MeanTotal MeanProviding environmental education to personnel 1.860.831.001.29Providing environmental training to personnel1.100.570.810.85Providing environmental education to guests1.320.520.810.92Participating in environmental meetings2.181.171.201.58Group mean1.620.770.961.16 5. Education and training for environmental awareness4040Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A MeanGroup B MeanGroup C MeanTotal MeanBrochures with information on environmental protection1.250.550.760.89Getting guest opinions on environmental activities 2.071.741.901.92Reflecting guest opinions to hotel activities2.112.771.951.96Encouraging guests to use mass transportation1.501.171.801.48Posting educational posters for customers1.340.831.331.186. Communication for environmental awarenessGroup mean 1.651.411.551.494141Groups and Performance IndicatorsGroup A MeanGroup B MeanGroup C MeanTotal MeanKnowledge on the ISO 14001 1.270.590.950.96Knowledge on the Pine Awards1.300.780.851.00Knowledge on the Blue Flag 1.521.431.711.55Group mean1.360.931.171.177. Managerial knowledge on the environmental protection

4242

Recommendations43

There is a need for environmentally sensitive practices.

Education and training courses should be developed and participation of accommodation personnel encouraged.

The environmental knowledge and sensitivity of managers should be enhanced.

They should participate in resource saving practices and make a commitment to institute a resource minimization policy, allocate staff and necessary funding for implementation, and establish an energy performance rating system and a periodic or continuous monitoring system to assess the nature and outcome of the daily practices. Recommendations

4444 A strong and co-operative partnership between Government departments National tourism authorities International and national tourism associations The travel and tourism private sector

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There is a need for ecolabel schemes in tourism accommodations, especially in protected areas as an integrated part of the environmental performance

46Environmental sensitivity Social responsibility Thank you for listening

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