Environmental Management Plan VAN: Port Vila Urban ......VAN: Port Vila Urban Development Project NEW AND UPGRADED COMMUNAL SANITATION FACILITIES (CSF) Prepared by Ministry of Infrastructure

Environmental Management Plan November 2015

VAN: Port Vila Urban Development Project

NEW AND UPGRADED COMMUNAL SANITATION FACILITIES (CSF)

Prepared by Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Utilities (MIPU), Government of Vanuatu Bank

for the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed

herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff,

and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any

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Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status

of any territory or area.

GOVERNMENT OF VANUATU

PORT VILA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

REPORT NUMBER: 29

Asian Development Bank Loan No.2832-VAN (SF)/G0275-

VAN/G0276-VAN

SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

NEW AND UPGRADED COMMUNAL SANITATION FACILITIES (CSF)

November 2015

Specific Environmental Management Plan – New and Upgraded Communal Sanitation Facilities

Port Vila Urban Development Project Contract No: 42391

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NAME OF PROJECT PORT VILA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

REPORT TITLE SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN REPORT FOR NEW AND UPGRADED

COMMUNAL SANITATION FACILITIES

CONTRACT REFERENCE VAN005

DATE 15 NOVEMBER 2015

Notice

This report has been:

Prepared By: Vanuatu Project Management Unit (VPMU)

Prepared For: Ministry of Finance Economic Management (MFEM) – the Executing

Agency – (EA).

Ministry of Infrastructure Public Utilities (MIPU) – a key Implementing

Agency – (IA).

Public Works Department (PWD) – a key Implementing Agency – (IA).

Department of Environmental Protection CSF Conservation (DEPC) – a key

Implementing Agency – (IA).

The specific purpose of the Site Specific Environment Management Plan (SEMP) is a report to

describe the process for establishing the environmental impacts and outcomes for the

Communal Sanitation Facilities (CSF).

This report may not be used by any person other than by the MFEM’s express permission. In

any event, MFEM’s accepts no liability for any costs, liabilities or losses arising as a result of

the use of or reliance up the contents of this report by any person other than the MFEM and the

project donor agencies, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and DFAT.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(November 2015)

Currency Unit Vanuatu Vatu (Vt)

USD $1.00 = Vatu 109.01

Vatu 100 = USD $0.917

WEIGHTS and MEASURES

Metric system except for land areas (1 acre = 0.4 hectares)



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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Background 8 1.2 Categorization 8 1.3 Project Description and Scope 9 1.4 Operation and Maintenance 9 1.5 Environmental Impacts 9 1.6 Environmental Benefits 10 1.7 Environmental Management Plan 10 1.8 Implementation Arrangements 11 1.9 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 11 1.10 Conclusion and Recommendations 12 1.11 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 12 1.12 Grievance Redress Mechanism 12

BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................. 13

PROJECT DESCRIPTION - COMMUNAL SANITATION FACILITIES (CSF) .............. 15 3.1 Introduction of the CSF 15 3.2 Environment Associated with the CSF 17 3.3 Scope of Works (Construction) for the CSF 18 3.4 The CSF Designs 22 3.5 Operations and Maintenance 23 3.6 Legislation 24

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................ 25 4.1 Screening of Potential Impacts 25 4.2 Environmental Risk Management Framework (RMF) 25 4.3 General Impact Assessment 25 4.4 Hazardous Material and Waste Disposal 26 4.5 Air Quality 27 4.6 Noise Levels 28 4.7 Water Quality 29 4.8 Construction Material and Spoil Waste Management 30 4.9 Safety Issues 31 4.10 Construction Site 33

5. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATIONS, AND PARTICIPATION .......... 34 5.1 National Government Level Consultation for the CSF 34 5.2 Provincial, Municipal and Community Level Consultations 34 5.3 Project Disclosure 35 5.4. Project Communication Plan 36

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ................................................. 37



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6.1 Environmental Management 37 6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 39 6.2 Environmental Management Plan: Table 2 ‐ EMP Mitigation Table (EmiT) 42 6.3 Environmental Management Plan: Table 3 ‐ EMP Monitoring Table (EMoT) 52 6.4. Reporting 56 6.4.1 Construction Period Environmental Monitoring Report 56 6.4.2 Operating Period Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 56 6.4.3 Contractor Monthly Monitoring Reports 56 6.4.4 Construction Completion Report 56

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 57

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 58

ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................... 59 ANNEX 1. Community Profiles 59 ANNEX 2a. List of National Stakeholder Consulted 2011 – 2014. 71 ANNEX 2b. List of Community Workshops, Meeting and Discussion with CSF Project. 73 ANNEX 3. CSF Rapid Environment Assessment (REA) – Sewage Treatment Checklist. 75 ANNEX 4. Threat Criteria and Consequence Scales CSF Risk Management. 78 ANNEX 5: Septic Tank Dimensions and Volumes of Aerobic Filter (Source: Vanuatu National Building Code) 88 ANNEX 6: Multi‐Purpose Multi‐User New Sanitation Facilities – Design Report and Layout Plans 90 ANNEX 7: Updated Due Diligence Report for the Output C – Land Contribution Volunteered by the Community for the Proposed Communal Sanitation Facilities. 91

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location Map of the 8 project CSF.

Figure 2: General Grievance Mechanism Flow Chart for the PVUDP

List of Tables

Table 1: Project Improvements to the Multi-Purpose and Multi-User CSF.

Table 2: EMP Mitigation Table (EMiT)

Table 3: EMP Monitoring Table (EMoT).



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List of Plates

Plate 1: Existing CSF at Seaside Paama.

Plate 2: Existing CSF at Seaside Futuna.

Plate 3 a & b: Existing CSF (a) and the Old CSF (b) at Seaside Tongoa.

Plate 4: Site of the proposed CSF with the existing Pit Latrines in the background at

Blacksands Tongariki.

Plate 5: Proposed Site of one of the CSF at Waisisi.

Plate 6: Layout Drawing for CSF at Seaside Futuna



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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

BCSF Bouffa Septage Treatment Plant

CBD Central Business District

CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan

CEWP Construction Environmental Work Plan

CGPS Community Gender Participation Specialist

CLO Community Liaison Officer

CSF Communal Sanitation Facility

DEPC Department of Environment Protection and Conservation

DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Australian Government

DSC Design Supervision Consultant

DSCD Design Supervision CSF Capacity Development

EA Executing Agency

EMCA Environmental Management & Conservation Act

EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

EMP Environmental Management Plan

ENSO El-Nino Southern Oscillation

ESO Environment and Safety Officer

ERLI Environmental Risk and Likely Impact

ERMF Environmental Risk Management Framework

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

HSCSFE Health, Safety and Environment

HSP Health and Safety Plan

HSO Health & Safety Officer

IA Implementing Agency

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

IP Indigenous People

IR Involuntary Resettlement

Km Kilometres

m Metres

MFEM Ministry of Finance CSF Economic Management



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MIPU Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Lands

MSMP Materials and Spoil Management Plan

NES National Environmental Specialist

NGO Non-Government Organisation

NSPA North Sub-Project Area

OH&S Occupational Health and Safety

PAA Priorities & Action Agenda

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

PRL Primary Risk Level

PSF Public Sanitation Facilities

PVMC Port Vila Municipal Council

PVUDP Port Vila Urban Development Project

PWD Public Works Department

REA Rapid Environmental Assessment

RMF Risk Management Framework

SEMP Specific Environmental Management Plan

SPC Shefa Provincial Council

SPS Safeguard Policy Statement

SRL Secondary Risk Level

SSPA South Sub-Project Area

UNELCO Union Electrique du Vanuatu Limited.

VPMU Vanuatu Project Management Unit



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Background

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) using Australian Aid (DFAT) funds are assisting the Government of Vanuatu (GoV) to improve urban infrastructure and services in Port Vila urban area and the peri-urban areas. The objectives of the Port Vila Urban Development Project (PVUDP) includes:

Improvement to the Road Network and associated infrastructure such as footpaths, street lighting and signage boards;

Improvement of the drainage system; Construction of a sludge treatment plant; Construction of new multi-purpose multi-user Communal Sanitation Facilities

(CSF); and refurbishment of existing public sanitation facilities; Building hygiene awareness program among communities with greater Port Vila Urban

area; Capacity development for the Government Agencies to handle Project Management in

roads, drainage and sanitation; and Prepare regulations for the collection and treating of septic tanks sludge

The overall PVUDP will cover improvements to 22 km of roads, 25 km of improved drainage including sediment and pollutants traps at strategic points, handling flood prone areas, the construction of a septage sludge collection and disposal system/s, the refurbishment of existing communal and public sanitation facilities, and provide hygiene and health education to the community.

The recommended and approved sites are for refurbishment of 4 existing multi-purpose CSF (Seaside Paama, Seaside Futuna and 2 facilities for Seaside Tongoa) and the construction of 4 new CSF (1 in Blacksands Tongariki and 3 small CSF facilities in Waisisi). Access and amenities for the use of disable persons has been incorporated into the design for each of the CSF. The recommended sites in the Port Vila area are all on government land whilst the sites in the peri-urban areas are on custom lands. Government and customary owners have approved the scope of works at each site. In addition, the PVUDP will provide additional supplies to two semi-private community facilities currently under construction on leased land form the government in the communities of Tokyo Buninga and Ohlen Nabanga.

This reports details the environmental assessment and potential environmental impacts that may result from the proposed improvements and rehabilitation of the CSF and provides a detailed Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) that outlines specific actions for the preconstruction, construction and operational components of the project that will be required to be delivered to ensure minimal environmental impacts will arise from the project.

The Port Vila community in general has a need to improve the ability to hygienically and effectively manage community sanitation. The rehabilitation of Port Vila Communal Sanitation Facilities (CSF) matches these needs in a cost effective and practical solution.

1.2 Categorization

The CSF subcomponent project was separately categorized, through the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for the Sewage Treatment checklist, as environment Category B. This SEMP refers directly to the PVUDP work required within the sub-component that falls under Output 2: Government has improved the sanitation system in greater Port Vila.



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1.3 Project Description and Scope

The CSF subproject sites are located within the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila and as such, the terrestrial environment has been highly modified, all of which are within the populated residential areas of Port Vila and the capital’s peri-urban areas. There are no terrestrial habitats associated with the proposed project sites as these have been significantly modified for infrastructures and residential developments over a long period of time.

The project’s activities will include the refurbishment of existing communal sanitation facilities and construction of new facilities with sanitary ware, tap and water outlets. The size of the facility and their number of toilets, showers and wash areas have followed normal planning requirements and has been dictated by the number of people each facility serve. The design considered provisions for disabled and the elderly with mobility requirements. At each site a conventional septic system and absorption pits have been designed and appropriately sized for the anticipated inflows estimated at that facility.

Annex 5 indicates the septic tank size and volumes and Annex 6 provides the design and layouts.

All construction-phase activities will consist of primarily clearing and removal of old equipment including (some cases) the removal of the original septic system and minor excavation to deploy new equipment. All construction activities will be carried out according to international best practices intended to avoid and minimize adverse environmental impacts and based on the information presented herein through the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMMPs). These plans present the likely impacts caused by the construction and operational phases of the project and outline best practices mitigation measures to manage and lessen the impacts of these activities. These activities will be detailed in the construction companies Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).

1.4 Operation and Maintenance

The ongoing operation and maintenance of the facilities has been considered during the design process. Community willingness to operate and maintain the facilities is required to ensure the longevity of these facilities. A community consultation initiative was undertaken to understand the effected community’s past experience and willingness to undertake operation and maintenance activities. At all sites there were active community representation and support to ensure the ongoing care to these facilities. Community stakeholder discussions will continue throughout the duration of the project to ensure information is exchanged and constructive dialogue is maintained with all stakeholders.

World Vision, a Non-government organisation (NGO) will be involved in the development and delivery of the CSF workshops and training programs to the communities through their “Wan Smol Bag” community sub contract projects. This will ensure that the investment in these facilities is complemented with a community understanding of safe hygiene practises and the facilities’ maintenance.

1.5 Environmental Impacts

This SEMP concludes that there are no identifiable significant environmental impacts nor is the project deemed environmentally sensitive. The rehabilitation and the construction of existing and new CSF respectively, will result in a marked improvement to the existing environment and the long term management of communal sanitation facilities.



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Impacts arising from the construction and operation of the project are minor, very localized, and are acceptable, providing that the set of mitigations measures set out in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) are incorporated in the design, implemented, and monitoring properly. Key impacts include;

a. The CSF are located within the urban and peri- urban areas of Port Vila which have been highly modified (cleared, filled and built on) and do not support any terrestrial ecological or biological (flora or fauna) endemic, endangered or significant biodiversity;

b. The proposed CSF sites do not have any freshwater (rivers, streams), forests or agricultural activities associated with the CSF area of influence.

c. The proposed CSF sites, during periods of excess rainfall, will not discharge freshwater into nearby freshwater or coastal systems.

d. Impacts on the ecosystem (flora and Fauna) are expected to be minor. e. The proposed CSF’s do not impact any terrestrial conservation and/or protected

areas, sites of cultural, customary or heritage significance nor any national or international endangered or protected species.

f. Due diligence and proactive management of all construction aspects of the CSF will ensure limited disturbance to the daily communal activities undertaken in the selected sites (e.g. traffic, dust), and the collection, storage and correct disposal of waste material generated during construction.

g. Vanuatu laws and regulations associated with labour, employment, Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) will be adopted, enforced and monitored during all construction and monitoring activities associated with the project.

h. Climate change adaptation measures have been included in the CSFs design.

The EMP identifies potential minor environmental impacts arising from the project with a corresponding schedule and monitoring of mitigation measures to ensure potential impacts are maintained at insignificant levels. It also includes the institutional arrangements for implementing the EMP to ensure its effectiveness.

1.6 Environmental Benefits

The proposed works have been designed to ensure a substantial improvement to the existing communal sanitation facilities. These infrastructure improvements will result in improved access to clean water, toilet facilities and the management of waste water and sanitary wastes resulting in improvements to impacts to the environment and increase quality of life of the citizens of effected communities.

1.7 Environmental Management Plan

The CSF EMP, mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and capacity development are required to minimise the environmental impacts during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the CSFs. The Design, Supervision and Capacity Development (DSCD) consultant and Contractor will be asked to finalise the detailed design and compilation of an updated CEMP and the contractor will be responsible for implementing the EMMP’s. The mitigation actions identified in this report need to be implemented by the contractor. The EMP is present as section 6 of this report.

The EMP provides a set of mitigation, monitoring and management measures to be applied during CSF implementation to avoid, reduce, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental impacts. The EMP prepared as part of this SEMP includes nine (9) preconstruction, sixteen (16) construction and two (2) operational period mitigative and monitoring actions, respectively. Most importantly during the pre-construction phase will be the



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distribution of the environmental documentation, including the EMMP to all stakeholders including the successful contractor(s) and the completion of a pre-construction briefing/workshop for Vanuatu Project Management Unit (VPMU). During the construction period, environmentally responsible construction practices and management of all wastes will be essential.

Implementation of internationally recognized good construction environmental practices form the basis of the EMMP which covers issues such as erosion and sedimentation control, materials sourcing and spoil management, water waste and sewage management, minimization of habitat disturbance, and worker and community health and safety. The EMMP will form part of the construction contract documents and the contractor will be required to prepare a site-specific CEMP based on the contract EMP.

The main environmental controls incorporated into the design of the project are; i) Ensure minimum environmental impacts at the sites of the CSF; and ii) Design criteria that are based on available climate change modelling data used to ensure waste water and sewage collection facilities capacity is sufficient for high rainfall events.

1.8 Implementation Arrangements

The Executing Agency (EA) for the PVUDP will be the Ministry of Finance and Economic Management (MFEM) and the projects Implementing Agencies (IA) include the Public Works Department (PWD) under the Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Utilities (MIPU) and the Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation (DEPC). The DEPC is the lead agency for implementing the Environmental Management and Conservation Act (EMCA) 2010 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2011 and issuing development consent for project development.

The PVUDP is managed by the VPMU assisted by the Design Supervision and Capacity Development (DSCD) consultant, Roughton International in association with Qualao Consulting Ltd. The role of the VPMU is to;

a. Administer, manage, coordinate and oversee the implementation of major Vanuatu Government Infrastructure Projects, including the PVUDP; and

b. Coordinate and Facilitate projects funds between funding partners, the GoV and various stakeholders.

1.9 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

The project shall comply with requirements of the Vanuatu Environmental Management and Conservation (EMCA) Act 2010 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2011 that requires that for all major infrastructure development projects, a development clearance and development consent (and other permits) must be obtained from the DEPC before any work can commence. The development consent application must include an environment assessment and an EMMP.

This SEMP as part of the PVUDP Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is intended to comply with the requirements of a Preliminary Environmental Assessment (PEA) as required under GoV regulations and meets the requirements of the ADB for Category B projects as described in the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS).

The objectives of this SEMP (PEA) are to: (i) assess the existing environmental conditions; (ii) identify potential environmental impacts; (iii) evaluate and determine the significance of the impacts; (iv) develop an EMP detailing mitigation measures, monitoring activities, reporting



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requirements, institutional responsibilities to address adverse environmental impacts; (v) carry-out public consultations to document any issues/concerns and (vi) to ensure that such concerns are addressed in the project design.

1.10 Conclusion and Recommendations

The potential environmental impacts arising from the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the project will be minor, very localised and acceptable provided that the mitigation measures set out in the CSF SEMP are implemented properly. The findings of the EMMP evaluation suggest that improvements of the CSF will provide a much improved healthy and environmentally friendly communal sanitation facilities for the use of the communities of Port Vila.

1.11 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

The CSF subcomponent of the PVUDP planning and environmental concerns were discussed with relevant GoV Ministries, Departments, Provincial and Municipal governments, business owners and the general public stakeholders resulting in an agreement for the support of the scope of works of the CSF project. The stakeholder consultation process followed the PVUDP communication plan and disseminated information to key stakeholders detailing the scale and scope of the project, the expected impacts and the proposed mitigation measures. The process also gathered information on relevant concerns of the stakeholders and where relevant were incorporated into the CSF SEMP.

The final draft SEMP will be submitted to VPMU who will forward the document to the relevant GoV Ministries and Departments for their evaluation and clearance and to the ADB to ensure their safeguard policies are met. The final approved document will be disclosed to the public and included into the DEPC document register and up loaded on the ABD web site.

1.12 Grievance Redress Mechanism

A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for all subcomponents of the PVUDP has been developed and has been established to receive, evaluate and facilitate the resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the environmental and social performance of the project. The GRM is based on accepted practices and government protocols in Vanuatu and provides an accessible, time-bound and transparent mechanism for the affected persons to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to all projects undertaken within the PVUDP infrastructure development activities.



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BACKGROUND

Sustainable urban development through improved access to basic services such as sanitation facilities is an important priority for the government under its Priorities and Action Agenda (PAA) 2006-2015 and a medium-term action program, entitled “Planning Long, Acting Short Action Program.”1 The latter prioritizes a set of short- and medium-term development initiatives. This is also identified among the three core sectors for support under the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Country Partnership Strategy for Vanuatu (CPS) 2010-2014.2 The CPS also places emphasis on long-term support for country systems and capacities in core areas such as rural and urban infrastructure, which includes CSF’s.

The expected impact of the PVUDP is the sustainable urban development of Port Vila and surrounding peri-urban areas. The expected outcome is that the government of Vanuatu (GoV) has sustainably improved hygiene situation and reduced water-based hazards in greater Port Vila. The project has 5 outputs with Output 3: Central area and settlement communities use improved hygiene facilities is directly relevant to the rehabilitation of existing and the construction of new Communal Sanitation Facilities (CSF).

The PVUDP IEE provides a detailed description of the existing environment and the projects potential environmental impacts associated with the scope of works to be undertaken in Port Vila and peri-urban areas. This report provides the background information for the CSF SEMP and should be referred for additional information.

In March 2014, DSCD consultants and a team of local researchers carried out a Rapid Community Profiling of 30 communities in urban and peri-urban Port Vila and Shefa Province, based on location recommendations from Municipal and Shefa Counsellors. The 30 communities were ranked against their suitability to receive CSF sanitation facilities. A total of 15 communities were identified as highly suitable.

In May and June 2014, DSCD consultants carried out in-depth focus group discussions with women in the first instance and subsequently with male leaders in the identified communities. During the CSF feasibility studies, a wide range of options were evaluated and taken into account in formulating the project. This includes but not limited to:

a. Population density; b. Availability of suitable and uncontested land for a sanitation facility; c. Lack of existing sanitation facilities; d. Community willingness to operate and manage the sanitation facility; e. Road access for septic haulage; f. Availability of water supply and electricity; g. Solid waste management support needs; and h. Evidence of existing cooperation with the community.

This resulted in the recommendations and agreement for the refurbishment of four (4) existing multi-purpose CSF (Seaside Paama, Seaside Futuna and 2 facilities for Seaside Tongoa) and the construction of four (4) new CSF facilities (1 in Blacksands Tongariki and 3 small CSF facilities in Waisisi).

1 The PAA was developed with ADB support: ADB. 2004. Technical Assistance to the Republic of Vanuatu for a

Medium-Term Strategic Framework. Manila. 2 The two other sectors are transport and energy. ADB. 2009. Country Partnership Strategy: Vanuatu, 2010-2014.

Manila.



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Port Vila’s sanitation infrastructure subsector has received minimal capital support since the time of independence in 1980. The state of sanitation in the different communities in Vanuatu remains a challenge for the GoV, Civil Society Organizations and development partners to address in order to raise the standard of health and well-being for its people. The poor state of sanitation is more evident in community settlements in urban and peri-urban areas and it is estimated that only 43% of the urban population in the two main centres of Port Vila and Luganville are using flush toilets and 37% in the rural areas use bush toilets3.

The system for removal and disposal of human waste from households and business premises is, at present, environmentally unsatisfactory, as untreated sludge is disposed of in open pits near major waterways, exposing the urban population to waterborne diseases. Communities as well as major public areas of the Central Business District (CBD) lack safe and hygienic sanitation facilities.

The existing CSF located in the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila is woefully inadequate to meet the current demands and requirements of the growing populations. The current carrying capacities of the CSF are insufficient to hold extra communal sludge and new facilities are required to improve the increasing demands and requirements of the population. The existing facilities lack regular operation and maintenance which has resulted in several recurring and chronic problems, the main ones being frequent breakdown of the facilities particularly in the heavily populated areas.

Lack of provision and access to basic sanitary facilities for the people with disabilities in both urban and rural areas of Vanuatu remains high on the lists of needs for people with disabilities as identified by the Vanuatu Society for Disabled People (VSDP) in its capacity as the main Non-government organization service provider to peoples or persons living with a disability.

3 2009 National Population CSF Housing Census



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PROJECT DESCRIPTION - COMMUNAL SANITATION FACILITIES (CSF)

3.1 Introduction of the CSF

The recommended and approved of eight (8) CSF sites include the refurbishment of 4 existing multi-purpose CSF (Seaside Paama, Seaside Futuna and 2 facilities for Seaside Tongoa) and the construction of 4 new CSF facilities (1 in Blacksands Tongariki and 3 small CSF facilities in Waisisi). In addition, the PVUDP will provide additional supplies to two semi-private community facilities currently under construction on leased land from the government in the communities of Tokyo Buninga and Ohlen Nabanga. These two CSF are not part of the scope of works for the PVUDP at this stage and therefore have not been included in the environmental assessment. Table 1 provides a summary of the improvements that will be undertaken by the PVUDP and Figure 1 provides a location map of each of these facilities.

Table 1: Project Improvements to Multi-Purpose and Multi User CSF.

Key Map Description

Rehabilitation Works: Communal Toilets and Shower Facilities (Urban) 1 Seaside Paama 2 Seaside Tongoa (2 buildings) 3 Seaside Futuna

New Construction: Communal Toilets and Showers (Peri-Urban) 4 Tongariki Blacksand Community 5 Waisisi Community (3 buildings) Supply Materials Only 6 Ohlen Nabanga Community 7 Tokyo Buniga Community



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Figure 1: Location Map for the 8 CSF



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Access and amenities for the use of disable persons has been incorporated into the design for each facility. The recommended sites in the Port Vila area are all on government land whilst the sites in the peri-urban areas are on customary lands. Government and customary owners have approved the scope of works at each site. All recommended sites have been identified, discussed and approved by all stakeholders. Refer to Annex 7: Updated Due Diligence Report for the Output C – Land Contribution Volunteered by the Community for the Proposed Communal Sanitation Facilities

The proposed CSF are all located in the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila and are surrounded by residential houses. They are located in areas that have been set aside either for waste disposal, community meeting places or in the case of Waisisi and Blacksands Tongariki; the sites are used for pit private latrines. Paama Seaside CSF facility is on government land leased by the PVMC while the rest of the sites are either on leased land to communities (Seaside Futuna, Seaside Tongoa and Tokyo Buninga and on private lease at Ohlen Nabanga) or on customary land (Waisisi and Blacksands Tongariki) under arrangements with the chiefs of Mele and Ifira.

3.2 Environment Associated with the CSF

The section below provides a summary account of key baseline conditions pertaining to the physical and biological environments directly associated with the CSF sub-project sites. Detailed information pertaining to these baseline conditions has been articulated in the PVUDP IEE report and should be referred to, for further background information. It is not the intent of this SEMP to duplicate information reported in the IEE, but to identify potential environmental impacts directly related to the work activities associated with the CSF that need to be addressed.

The scope of works for all eight CSF is associated with the terrestrial environment only. All approved CSF are located within the urban and peri urban community areas of Port Vila and are as such located on highly modified land that have been significantly cleared of natural vegetation and support different levels of construction activities. Four of the eight CSF have existing functioning CSF located at these sites, whist the four new sites will be located on land that is clear of vegetation.

All CSF sites are either almost devoid of terrestrial flora and fauna or consist of a highly modified terrestrial ecosystem that lacks any habitats suitable for significant terrestrial flora and fauna biological populations and terrestrial biodiversity. Several CSF locations are dominated by introduced vegetation associated with the subsistence gardening that has resulted in areas surrounding these facilities (all outside of the CSF area of direct influence).

A number of trees (e.g. coconut trees) have been established around the boundaries of several of the CSF, however as these are outside the area of direct influence of the scope of works will not be affected by the CSF project.

The approved CSF individual site location areas of influence do not include freshwater streams or rivers, are not associated with any terrestrial protected or conservation areas, sites of cultural, customary or heritage sites nor are they associated with or support any terrestrial ecological or biological (flora or fauna) endemic, endangered or significant biodiversity.

During the CSF site assessments and discussions with communities the introduced non-native and locally invasive Indian Mynah (Mynah mynah) bird is the dominant bird species found within the area associated with these locations. Several communities reported that local Palm Lorikeet (Erythrura regia) is seen periodically in the area around the communities but not



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associated with the trees in close proximity to the CSF. Similarly, there were no reports by the communities of bats roosting or feeding in the area of the CSF. The paucity of fauna at the proposed sites are as expected with a highly disturbed environment.

The scope of works for the CSF will result in no biological impacts of any significance on the terrestrial ecosystems within the area of influence for the sub-project sites. The proposed scope of improvement works will have a direct positive impact on the health and welfare of the people who live and use the facilities.

3.3 Scope of Works (Construction) for the CSF

Due to the differences of the physical and social characteristics of the eight recommended project sites, the size of the buildings and infrastructure provided has been developed accordingly. The sites are located in populated areas of the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila. Annex 1 provides a detailed description of each of the 8 CSF community profiles including the scope of work. The existing communal facilities will be refurbished and upgraded whilst new facilities will be constructed. A summary of each of the project sites and scope of works is provided below. Refer to Annex 6 for design report and layouts.

The three (3) communities recommended CSF for refurbishment (Seaside Paama, Seaside Futuna and Seaside Tongoa – 2 CSF) have high population density, overcrowding and lack of available space to construct private or semi-private toilet and shower facilities. With the exception of 4 private toilets in Seaside Paama, all residents are highly dependent on the communal facilities, which are in need of refurbishment. All 3 communities are in need of improved solid waste management. These are described below.

1) Seaside Paama CSF (Plate 1) was built in 1978 with 4 toilets and 4 showers (not gender specific), 2 laundry sinks and a stand pipe. The facility now serves 200+ people and residents cue from early hours of the morning in order to shower before work. The recommendation is to extend the facility to include at least one children’s toilet, additional female toilet and men’s urinal and a universally accessible toilet/shower and to build additional laundry sinks with proper soakaway pits and provide hand washing sinks. There will be a disabled access ramp down to the facility and a fence built around the facility. The fence is required to enable better management and protection of the facility, especially as it is located on public ground but paid for by community members. The toilets and showers will be made gender segregated and all pipes should be laid externally to give ease of access for repairs. Specific details of refurbishment are provided in Annex 1 community profiles.



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Plate 1: Existing CSF at Seaside Paama

2) Seaside Futuna CSF (Plate 2) has a small sanitation facility with 3 showers, 3 toilets and 6 laundry sinks serving a population of 150 to 175 persons. There is one standpipe serving the entire community. There is very limited space available to expand the facility and there is no available space for a second facility. Technical assessment was required to determine if there is sufficient space to build a universally accessible toilet/shower. Hand washing sinks are required. Specific details of refurbishment are provided in Annex 1 community profiles.

Plate 2: Existing CSF at Seaside Futuna

3) Seaside Tongoa has 2 existing CSF (Plate 3 a & b). The old facility, built in 1975 is in disuse and a new facility, built in 2011, serves the 600+ population. There are 6 gender segregated toilets and 6 showers in the new facility. There are hand-washing sinks but the community shut off the water supply as children were playing with the water and the



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community viewed this as wasteful. The new facility would benefit from minor refurbishments, which are detailed in Annex 1. The recommendation is to also refurbish the old facility, which requires significant refurbishments including the provision of a new septic holding tank, laundry sinks and soakaway pits. Therefore the recommendation is for refurbishment of 2 facilities in Seaside Tongoa, in order to improve the sanitation and hygiene of the 600+ residents. The facilities will be manned at all times to ensure users are making financial contribution, to ensure children are not wasting water and to ensure cleanliness. Hygiene and sanitation awareness education will be provided to the wider community encouraging positive behaviour change, especially in terms of hand washing.

Plate 3 a & b: (a). Existing CSF and (b) the old CSF at Seaside Tongoa

Two (2) communities are recommended for construction of new CSF facilities. These are Blacksands Tongariki and Waisisi. These are described below

(i) Blacksands Tongariki CSF (Plate 4) has a high population density and lack of available space for private or semi-private facilities. The community of 120+ persons has available space for a new CSF facility where their pit toilets and plastic bathroom are currently located and where rubbish is dumped. The NGO will work with the community to support a cleanup of the very large rubbish dump and development of a long-term solid waste management plan. The community already share the cost of a communal UNELCO water supply and have a system in place to pay their quarterly water bill. The NGO will support the development of policies and practices to be implemented by a Sanitation Committee to both maintain the facility and lead sustainable solid waste management strategy. Hygiene and sanitation awareness education with the wider community will help to change behaviours and attitudes and improve practice within the community. Recommendations for design specifics are included in Annex 1.



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Plate 4: Site of the proposed CSF with the existing pit latrines in the background at Blacksands Tongariki. This photo was taken before Cyclone PAM.

(ii) Waisisi community has active leadership and a clear structure. The community is not

densely populated. On average, 2 households share a plastic bathroom and pit toilet and these are usually located within 15 to 20 metres of the house. The community is structured into 3 subgroups and will participate in the construction of 3 smaller multi-purpose multi-user facilities. The facilities will be closer to people’s homes and will be built in place of existing pit toilets and plastic bathrooms (plate 5). There would be approximately 100 people using each facility. Each of the 3 facilities will require 2 toilets (male CSF female) and 2 showers (male and female) and 2 laundry sinks to provide a 50:1 ratio. The facilities would each have a committee to manage finances and maintenance and members would be more comfortable contributing finances within their smaller community subgroups.

Plate 5: Proposed Site of one of the Sanitation Facilities at Waisisi



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A contractor will be required to construct the CSF facilities in Blacksands Tongariki and in Waisisi. The NGO will support the development and training of Sanitation Committees and will provide awareness education as well as training on sanitation, hygiene and solid waste management to the wider community.

Two (2) communities are recommended for construction of semi-private facilities, where communities will provide the construction work force, with supervision and training from the NGO. Materials will be procured from the PVUDP CSF budget for Hygiene Improvements. These are Tokyo Buninga and Ohlen Nabanga. Assistance for the construction of semi-private household sanitation facilities is in keeping with the PVUDP TOR p. 8-57, D(vi) which requires the CSF to “design and implement training programs for CSO’s … on the construction and maintenance of improved household sanitation facilities”. A description of both sites include:

i) Tokyo Buninga has a high population density, with approximately 150 people sharing

3 pit toilets, 3 water seal and 3 flush toilets. There are 7 water meters in the community with 3 to 5 households sharing a toilet and plastic bathroom and contributing to the shared costs of water supply. The communities have constructed septic tanks for the 3 flush and 3 water seal toilets and these are located within 10 to 15 meters of their homes. A single, CSF facility will be located too far from most homes and would be utilized only for special occasions. Additionally, the communities already have households groups contributing to water supply costs. It will be difficult for households to contribute to the additional water cost of a CSF facility, and little incentive when semi-private toilets are located just outside the door. The recommendation is to improve the existing semi-private facilities, replacing pit toilets with flush, installing hand-washing sinks and laundry soakaways and showers. The communities are keen to participate in a much needed community clean-up and in the construction of flush toilets and showers with soakaway pits. Training and awareness from the NGO will promote improved hygiene and sanitation practices.

ii) Ohlen Nabanga is a government-relocated community with the majority of residents

being from Tanna. The population of 150+ persons is not densely populated in terms of land and live 5 to 8 people in a house. Community members are experienced builders and there are 7 toilets built onto septic tanks within the community as well as approximately 5 pit toilets. There are 2 partially built toilet/shower blocks, where owners lacked the funds to complete construction. On average 2 households share 1 toilet and 4 to 5 households share 1 water supply. The community is already organized into groups of 4 to 5 households sharing the cost of water supply and it would be challenging for them to contribute to the additional cost of a large CSF facility, especially if it is located too far away for daily use. There is a high need for community clean-up of rubbish and development of a sustainable solid waste management plan. Currently the community is dumping their solid waste into the river gorge and this will have a negative impact on the environment. The NGO will provide awareness and education on the management of solid waste. Support and materials will be provided for a community workforce to complete unfinished toilet and shower blocks and to construct flush toilets in place of pit toilets. Hand washing sinks and soakaway pits for laundry and showers are also needed.

3.4 The CSF Designs

The locations of existing facilities and new facilities have been discussed with the owners of the land and users of the facilities who have given their consent for both the sites and the



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design of the facilities. Detailed engineer drawings have been developed for each CSF and have been compiled into the PVUDP report titled “New and Upgraded CSF” and should be referred to when required. Plate 6 provides an example of the CSF design that will be undertaken for the community of Seaside Futuna.

Plate 6: Layout Drawing for the CSF at Seaside Futuna

The sizing of the septic tanks and volumes for aerobic systems are shown in Annex 5. Detailed designs including report and layout plans are shown in Annex 6.

3.5 Operations and Maintenance

The ongoing operation and maintenance of the CSF has been considered during the design process in consultation with community stakeholders.

Community willingness to operate and manage the maintenance of the facilities is required to ensure their longevity. Through the CSF PVUDP community consultation initiatives (refer Annex 1, 2a and 2b) information was exchanged to understand the effected community’s past experience and willingness to undertake operation and maintenance activities. At all sites there were active community representation and support to ensure the ongoing care to these facilities. Community discussions will continue throughout the duration of the project to ensure information is exchanged and constructive dialogue is maintained with all stakeholders.

World Vision, a Non-government organisation (NGO) will be involved in the development and delivery of the CSF workshops and training programs to the communities through their “Wan Smol Bag” community sub contract projects. This will ensure that the investment in these facilities is complemented with a community understanding of safe hygiene practises and the facilities maintenance.

a. In Seaside Paama the communities are willing and agree that women will coordinate the projects OH&S requirements.

b. At the Seaside Tongoa Community the community already operate a communal facility and a shared water bill and have a committee and a bank account set up for this purpose. There is no roster for cleaning of the facility; this is done on a voluntary ad hoc basis. The male leaders believe that there is a roster, will need to confirm this information during ongoing community consultation. Men currently undertake out repairs and maintenance.

c. The Seaside Futuna Community has been running communal toilets since 1974 and the existing toilet shower facility was built in 1984. There is a newly elected committee,



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serving a 2-year term, responsible for collecting fees to cover the water bill. It will be necessary to establish a ‘sub-committee ’comprised of women will be trained on OH&S of the new facility.

d. In Blacksands Tongariki a system of water fee collection is already in place within the community. Currently there is a family in charge of collecting the Vatu 100 for drum water and paying the quarterly water bill. The female head of this family has this job, having recently taken over from another family. In Waisisi female respondents were enthusiastic that the facility could become a small business for the women, who would set up a committee to maintain the facility. They envisioned that users would pay per use to cover the cost of water and repairs and light.

3.6 Legislation

As part of the PVUDP IEE report, an in depth regulatory review was undertaken of the nation’s environmental legislation and permitting processes to identify the regulative approvals that are required to ensure the projects sub-components can be undertaken. Detailed information pertaining to the legislation and permits has been articulated in this report and should be reviewed to for further information. The principal national legislation associated with the construction and operation of communal sanitation sub-project includes:

a. Environmental Management and Conservation Act No. 12 of 2002 (EMCA) which provides for an affordable framework for environmental protection and compliance within Vanuatu;

b. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (Order No. 175 of 2011) which outlines the process for which an national environmental impact assessment is to be undertaken to seek government approval;

c. Water Resources Management Act No 9 of 2002 for the construction, operation and/or maintenance of any physical works related to the protection, management and use of water, including any storm water and/or wastewater works;

d. Waste Management Act No 24 of 2014 which provides for the protection of the environment through encouragement of effective waste services and operations;

e. Pollution Control Act of 2014 which provides for minimization and management for the discharge and emission of pollution and encourage all levels of government to work together to control the discharge and emission of pollution;

f. Physical Planning Act 22 of 1986 and building permits which are required for the erection of all buildings and structures associated with the projects scope of works;

g. Control of Nocturnal Noise Act (CAP 40) JR 14 of 1965) which prohibits excessive noise in Port Vila between 9pm and 5am; and

h. Health and Safety at Work (CAP 195) that provide for the health, safety and welfare of persons at work.

In addition, as two of the recommended sites (Waisisi and Blacksands Tongariki) are located within the Shefa Physical Planning Area they are also subject to the by-laws of Shefa Provincial Council, in particular the Physical Planning Act No 22 which restricts developments without approved permits. A Building Permits will need to be applied for through the Shefa Provincial Council.



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4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Screening of Potential Impacts

The SEMP CSF is categorized, through the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for Sewage Treatment checklists, as Environment Category B in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 (ADB, 2009). Therefore, as part of the CSF SEMP process, a number of these potential impact issues and mitigation measures were identified (refer Annex 3) and thus were screened by the project’s environmental team to determine the level of environmental risk. These potential impacts were analysed through a standard Environmental Risk Management Framework (ERMF) and key issues documented in this report. The risks can be summarised as potential impacts associated with the (i) pre construction (ii) construction and (iii) operation/management phases of the project.

In addition, a summary of the potential environmental issues and their likely impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and physical cultural resources and specific mitigation measures were identified to ensure all such environmental impacts can be avoided or managed to reduce impacts to acceptable levels. These are documented in sections 5.4 through 5.10.

The immediate goal and main effect of the sub-project component is to improve the existing four (4) CSF and to construct four (4) additional CSF at two new site locations.

Through the PVUDP social safeguard screening assessment process it was found that there is no expected risk of landlessness, loss of home, and/or loss of major income source as a result of the project because it will not require acquisition of private or customary-owned land. However it was identified that public awareness, understanding and information exchange associated with the project is required to ensure continued community support and compliance. The PVUDP social safeguard assessments, including Indigenous People (IP) and Involuntary Resettlement (IR) issues associated with the CSF have been documented in Report 26 “Update Due Diligence Report for the Land Contribution Volunteered by the Community for the Proposed CSF”. This report is attached as Annex 7 of this report for additional background information if required. The ADB IEE requirements of Indigenous People (IP) and Involuntary Resettlement (IR) issues associated with the project component are extremely low and require no additional investigation or reporting.

4.2 Environmental Risk Management Framework (RMF)

The environmental risk for the CSFs is based on international best practices. Annex 4 provides a detailed description of the processes undertaken to evaluate the risks associated with the CSF’s and provides a risk assessment matrix presenting the assessment results.

4.3 General Impact Assessment

The impact assessment is based on an Environmental Risk and Likely Impact approach (“ERLI”). This approach is used to justify the risk ratings assigned to each of the elements identified. For each potential construction phase impact on the environment identified in this report, two key areas in the impact assessment process have been addressed:

a. Environmental Risk - This essentially considers the risk of irreversible change to natural ecological processes and community interaction; and



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b. Likely Impact - This considers the likely impact of the proposal, as modified and undertaken in accordance with mitigation strategies (including any environmental management plan).

The significance of the impacts is placed in an appropriate context in which to justifiably determine the impact’s significance. In particular, the duration of the impact (temporary versus permanent) and reversibility has been considered and the ability of natural systems (including population, communities and ecosystems) to accept or assimilate impacts is addressed. Mitigation strategies are listed for each aspect recording a risk level, these factors have been pre-determined by the REA.

The Risk Management Framework (Annex 4) identified that there are no identifiable significant environmental risks for the CSF project scope of works, however a high level of risk was recorded for the construction phase associated with the potential of site contamination due to the use of land based hazardous materials. This is due to the materials used during the construction of the CSF buildings (e.g. cement) and petrochemicals (e.g. Fuel, oils) used associated with the machinery. The use of these materials triggers this risk level; however due diligences and standard building construction management and monitoring protocols that will be implemented will greatly reduce the potential environmental risk.

Of the other nine (9) construction phase risks assessed four (4) recorded medium levels of risk, all of which are associated with elevated noise, dust and vibration levels during construction and the potential waste materials resulting from the work, 3 recorded low levels and 2 recorded very low levels of environmental risk. The low levels of potential environmental impacts are directly related to the highly altered location sites of each of the CSF. The one operational environmental risk assessed resulted in one recording a low level of risk due to the correct construction of the sewage sceptic systems that has been designed to meet the demand at each location.

The environmental risks identified to be of medium risk values including mitigation actions are discussed below. In addition the below section includes a description of safety issues and concerns required to manage the construction phase, which includes protocols and guidelines required to ensure the construction site is managed and meets the requirements of the GoV. Those risks identified as low, very low or no risks, are not discussed. Through due diligence and compliance to GoV building and environmental standards will ensure these potential risks remain very low.

4.4 Hazardous Material and Waste Disposal

Impact: Use of hazardous substances during construction, such as oils and lubricants can cause significant impacts if uncontrolled or if waste is not disposed correctly.

The contractor through the CEMP will articulate mitigation measures that will control access to and the use of hazardous substances such as oils and lubricants and control waste disposal.

Detailed information is documented in the PVUDP IEE, however key issues pertaining directly to the CSF project are discussed below.



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Mitigation

Measures:

The contractor shall ensure implementation of such measures to include;

Ensure that safe storage of fuel, other hazardous substances and bulk

materials are agreed by DEPC and follow internationally recognized good

practice;

Hydrocarbon and toxic material will be stored in adequately protected site/s

consistent with national and local regulations and codes of practice to

prevent soil and water contamination;

Segregate hazardous wastes (oily wastes, used batteries, fuel drums) and

ensure that storage, transport and disposal shall not cause pollution and

shall be undertaken consistent with national regulations and code of

practice;

Ensure all storage containers are in good condition with proper labelling;

Regularly check containers for leakage and undertake necessary repair or

replacement;

Store hazardous materials above possible flood level;

Discharge of oil contaminated water shall be prohibited;

Used oil and other toxic and hazardous materials shall be disposed of off-

site at a facility authorized by the DEPC;

Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hydrocarbon

contamination of drainage channel beds;

Spill clean-up materials will be made available before works commence

(e.g., absorbent pads, etc.) specifically designed for petroleum products and

other hazardous substances where such materials are being stored;

Spillage, if any, will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no

traces; and

All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined

and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations

complying with all the applicable statutory stipulations.

Provided the Materials and Spoil Management Plan (MSMP) is prepared,

approved and implemented in accordance with the above recommendations

the environmental impacts associated with hazardous waste management

are expected to be negligible.

4.5 Air Quality

Impact: Air quality conditions within the CSF project areas are expected to be temporally reduced during the construction phase of the project through increased dust production resulting from construction activities and vehicle movements. Impacts will be sporadic, very short lived (days) and subjected to the existing weather conditions during the construction period.

The implementation of best practices mitigation and management measures will greatly reduce potential impacts.



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Mitigation

Measures:

Reduce the speed of all vehicles within the CSF locations to a maximum of 30 Km/h and reduction of speed through settlement areas;

Speed limit signboards to be erected and fixed within each CSF project site; The material carrying trucks should be covered with a tarpaulin so that the

construction material will not be spilled while transporting to the project site from the construction yard;

Facility for regular cleaning and wetting of the CSF site should be provided to limit the dust emission where required;

Regularly cleaning (washing) of construction vehicles in a dedicated location to reduce dust;

The construction equipment and all vehicles used should be well maintained and emission level should be kept low;

The construction debris will not be left on the construction site but it will be removed to a dedicated waste disposal sites.

4.6 Noise Levels

Impact: Temporary impacts in the immediate vicinity due to noise generating from construction activities superimposed by existing noise at each CSF site locations. Noise levels in this area will increase due to the activities of the project and are expected to range between 80 to 90 dB (A). The magnitude of impacts will depend upon specific types of equipment to be used, the construction methods employed and the scheduling of the work.

The largest noise impact will be generated from construction site traffic transporting materials and equipment to the site and operation of machinery at the site. This will be temporary and sporadic over the construction period.

Implementation of good practice construction methods such as using well maintained powered mechanical equipment equipped with silencers would ensure impacts are minimized and acceptable.

All construction operations will be scheduled to coincide and abide with the Port Vila Control of Nocturnal Noise Act which restricting all associated work activities of this project between the hours of 5 AM and 9 PM daily.

Mitigation

Measures:

Machinery and vehicles will be maintained regularly, with particular attention to silencers and mufflers, to keep construction noise levels to minimum;

Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines; and

All construction and vehicle movement that may increase noise levels will be restricted to the hours of 5 am to 9 pm daily.



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4.7 Water Quality

Impact: During the construction phase of the project there is a very small potential, if not correctly managed, for localised and short-term water contamination resulting from runoff including suspended sediments and construction contaminants entering the surrounding environment. This will only be during periods of high rainfall during the short construction phase, especially of the existing CSF. All runoff will be contained and very localised. There is also the potential of hazardous chemicals (e.g. petrochemicals) and for existing CSF a very low potential of sewage resulting from the construction activities being involved. Construction activities that may result in degrading the water quality include; Clearance of the project site and temporary stockpiling of excavated

materials; Excavation and resurfacing works associated with construction of CSF

site pad, septic systems which include tanks and soakaway pits and systems drainage systems

Spoil disposal from excavation works. Implementation of good practice construction methods will ensure impacts

are minimized and acceptable. Mitigation

Measures:

A range of proven mitigation measures associated with good construction practice will be implemented during the refurbishment and construction of the CSF to the site drainage to avoid or minimize sedimentation impacts in the project area. As a minimum these mitigation measures will include: Minimizing the vegetation clearance (very limited vegetation will be

required to be cleared for the CSF construction, no trees). Cover/stabilize all exposed surfaces and excavated materials during

construction; Close construction supervision to ensure the above measures are

implemented; and Provisions of stop work during periods of rainfall and avoid the

construction during the nation’s wet season wet (January - April). Effective implementation of the above mitigation measures will ensure that

the potential short-term impacts on water quality resulting from the construction phase of the Project will be of reduced and managed.



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4.8 Construction Material and Spoil Waste Management

Impact: Moderate amounts of limestone aggregates, sand and cement and other equipment and materials will be required for the up-grade and replacement construction of the existing and new CSF buildings and minor road works and drainage systems. It is envisaged that a dedicated borrow pit /quarry will not be required for the CSF project and that aggregates can be sourced from existing sources on Efate Island. Excavation activities will be limited with a corresponding limited volume of excess spoil needing to be disposed of.

Materials sources will be identified by the contractor and will be detailed in MSMP as part of the CEMP. Both these management plans are articulated in the PVUDP IEE however key issues pertaining directly to the CSF projects are discussed below.

The contractor will be required to prepare and implement a MSMP to minimize the use of non-renewable resources and provide for safe disposal of excess spoil. As a first priority, where surplus materials arise from the removal of the existing surfaces these will be used elsewhere on the project for fill (if suitable) before additional rock, gravel or sand extraction is considered. The MSMP will include as a minimum consideration of the following: o Required materials, potential sources and estimated quantities available; o Impacts related to identified sources and availability; o Excavated material for reuse and recycling methods to be employed; o Excess spoil to be disposed of and methods proposed for disposal

endorsement/Permit from PVMC and DEPC for disposal of excess spoil; and

o Methods of transportation to minimize interference with normal traffic.

Moreover the contractor will be responsible for;

o Identifying suitable sources and obtaining all agreements associated with

the sources;

o Fill requirements to minimize need for aggregates from other sources;

o Managing topsoil, overburden, and low-quality materials so they are

properly removed, stockpiled short term near the site (covered to prevent

runoff), and preserved for reuse; and,

o Arranging for the safe disposal of any excess spoil including provision for

stabilization, erosion control, drainage and re-vegetation provisions at the

disposal site.



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Mitigation

Measures: Contractor to prepare MSMP as part of CEMP;

Construction materials, such as sand, aggregate needed for concrete

should come from existing quarries, in compliance with government

regulations;

No dumping of the construction waste material allowed;

o On wetlands, forest areas, coastal and other ecologically sensitive areas;

o On private property without written consent of the owner;

o Into any water course and should not contaminate any water course;

The vehicles used should be fitted with spill proof equipment;

There should be direction boards that are easy to read and accessible to all

construction staff providing route to be used to the disposal site, conformity

using this route needs to be ensured;

All workers at the disposal yard should be provided with

o Safety attire (Personal Protective Equipment - PPE);

o Proper training and knowledge associated with health hazards associated

with the work.

Effective implementation of the MSMP by the contractor as outlined above

will ensure that potential environmental impacts associated with the

management and disposal of construction materials will be negligible.

4.9 Safety Issues

Impact: A Health and Safety Plan (HSP) as part of the CEMP is required to be developed by the contractor to establish; (i) routine safety measures and reduce risk of accidents during construction; (ii) include emergency response and preparedness; and (iii) accidental spill procedures highlighting the sizes and types of spills that may occur, and the resources (onsite and/or offsite) that will be required to handle and treat the spill.

The HSP will cover both Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) (workers) and community health and safety. The HSP will be appropriate to the nature and scope of construction activities and as much as reasonably possible meet the requirements of good engineering practice and national regulations (OH&S Act, 2002). The HSP will include agreement on consultation requirements (workers) established in the PVUDP Communication Plan, establishment and monitoring of acceptable practices to protect safety, links to the complaints management system for duration of the works (in accordance with agreed Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), and system for reporting of accidents and incidents.



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Mitigation

Measures:

Before construction commences the contractor will conduct training for all workers on environmental safety and environmental hygiene. The contractor will instruct workers in health and safety matters as required by good engineering practice and national regulations;

Ensure an adequate spill response kits are provided, accessible and that designated key staff are trained in its use;

Ensure that first aid, including the provision of trained personnel, is available on site and arrangements in place to ensure the removal for medical attention of workers who have suffered an accident or sudden illness at the construction site;

The manner in which first aid facilities and personnel are to be provided should be prescribed by national laws or regulations, and drawn up after consulting the competent health authority and representative organizations of employers and workers concerned;

Regular meetings will be conducted to maintain awareness levels of health and safety issues and requirements;

Legal working hours and official holidays to be respected; Vanuatu minimum wage requirements to be observed; Workers shall be provided (before they start work) with appropriate

personnel protective equipment (PPE) suitable for civil work such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothes, goggles, and ear protection at no cost to the workers. Instructions on their use around the construction site will be delivered as part of the safety introduction procedures and site agents/foremen will follow up to see that the safety equipment is used and not sold on;

The site office and works yard will be equipped with first aid facilities including first aid kits in construction vehicles;

Provision of potable water supply at the work site; Child labour should be strictly prohibited for all activities supported by this

project; There should be proper enforcement of the labor laws at the work place; All signboards should be in Bislama (local language) and repeated in

either/or English and French, the two official languages of Vanuatu; and All measures related to workers’ safety and health protection shall be free of

charge to workers. The worker OH&S plan is to be submitted by the contractor before construction commences and should include public safety and approved.



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4.10 Construction Site

Impact: The workforce is expected to be small and it is highly unlikely that there will be need for accommodation at the site. However, a site storage/maintenance area is likely to be established for the duration of the construction period to service each of the CSF requirements.

Workers access to portable toilets and associated sanitation facilities will be provided at each CSF work site.

The contractor will be required to adopt good management practices to ensure that both physical impacts and social impacts associated with a storage/maintenance area are minimized. All fuels, raw sewage, wastewater effluent, and construction debris associated with the construction storage/maintenance area is disposed of appropriately. Social impacts have not been identified as an issue with the CSF project, however measurers need to be in place to address potential conflict issues between (i) workers, (ii) workers and the contractor and (iii) the contractor and works with the general public. The sites of the CSF’s are located in some of the most populated areas of the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila and therefore interactions between the general public and contractor/workers is high. Public understanding and support is required to ensure the success of the project.

Mitigation

Measures: The contractor will put up notice boards regarding the scope and schedule

of construction, as well as certain construction activities causing disruptions

or access restrictions;

The facilities (storage and maintenance) will be fenced and sign-posted and

unauthorized access or entry by general public will be prohibited;

All notice board to be written in Bislama and/or English and French;

For unskilled activities and labour, ever effort to hire local people (including

women) for these positions should be a priority:

Accidental damage to utilities will be minimised by (i) obtaining plans from

the Public works identifying locations of pipelines and power cables and (ii)

consultation with local business owners and staff on the location of utilities

prior to commencing excavation operations.

In summary, the SEMP concludes that there are no identifiable significant environmental impacts nor is the project deemed environmentally sensitive. The CSF scope of works has a very low environmental footprint. When completed there will be a marked improvement to the environment due to the markedly better access and use of the facilities, improved management of waste water and sewage and improved health and hygiene for the communities utilising these facilities.

Impacts arising from the construction and operation of the project are minor, very localized, and are acceptable, providing that the set of mitigations measures set out in the EMP are incorporated in the design, implemented, and monitored properly. Due diligence during the construction phase and careful monitoring is essential to ensuring environmental impacts are minimal.



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5. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATIONS, AND PARTICIPATION

The PVUDP IEE provides a detailed account of the formal and informal stakeholder consultations that have been undertaken with National, Provincial and Municipal Governments, businesses, Non-Government Organisations (NGO’s), communities and the wider public and should be referred for additional information. Information discussed and obtained during these consultation activities where relevant, have been incorporated into the projects design, including the CSF SEMP. Continued dialogue through formal and informal meetings will continue throughout the duration of the project to ensure information is exchanged and constructive dialogue is maintained with all stakeholders. In addition, stakeholder meetings and discussion were undertaken with by the PVUDP social safeguard unit associated with the STP, these separate reports should be reviewed for further information. The NGO, World Vision through their “Wan Smol Bag” community awareness programmes will deliver the community based workshops and training programs to all communities involved in the project. Key CSF consultation activities include;

5.1 National Government Level Consultation for the CSF

Work began on the Project in 2012 and a number of concept design options for the CSF were prepared from which consultation was undertaken (with a number of GoV Departments, Port Vila Municipal Council (PVMC) and the general public). The preferred options for the project precincts were confirmed in 2013 and final project designs drafted in May 2015. The final draft design has been used to inform the findings within this report.

Consultations at the national level were undertaken on a one on one basis with relevant government agencies, and NGOs associated with the CSFs. The purpose of the consultations was to i) briefly outline the key features of the project (locations, rehabilitation and new designs etc.) ii) ascertain key stakeholders’ views and concerns in relation to the proposed developments and iii) obtain information from the national level stakeholders on environmental and social characteristics of the sites that would assist in the preparation of the environmental compliance reports for the project.

A list of key national stakeholders consulted is provided in Annex 2a. Relevant information obtained and comments made during the consultations relating specially to the CSF’s have been internally discussed and incorporated into the SEMP where appropriate. No significant environmental constraints on the proposed project sites were identified through the national level consultations with all those consulted being supportive of the project. The most significant comments came from community members and the users of the facilities who expressed the importance of the project in ensuring that the sanitation facilities for the approved sites in the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila are upgraded urgently.

5.2 Provincial, Municipal and Community Level Consultations

Shefa Provincial Government, PVMC and community consultations in respect of both environmental and social issues associated with the CSF were undertaken in Port Vila between the months of September and November 2014. The purpose of these consultations were to (i) disseminate and communicate an overview of the project and its specific goals and objectives including the areas the project will operate in, (ii) initiate dialogue to discuss and gather information pertaining to the project in general and (iii) discuss any environmental issues/concerns relating to the project.

The project team meet specifically (15.10.2014) with the Town Clerk (Mr. Ronald Sandy), Acting Town Planner (Mr. William Frank), and the Sanitation Officer (Mr. Rodger Tari) of the



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PVMC and held initial meetings with Michel Kalorai, Secretary General of Shefa Provincial Council, the Area Council Secretaries for the sanitation areas and the elected councillors of the PVMC to (i) introduce and explain the project, including specific activities, requirements and time lines of work activities, (ii) environmental safeguard requirements of the project and its subcomponents, specifically the CSF sanitation up grades, (iii) initiate dialogue to discuss and gather information pertaining to the project in general and (iv) to any environmental issues/concerns relating to the project, (v) to initiate a professional working relationship and open communication lines with the PVMC and (vi) to request the PVMC assistance in supporting the projects consultation process.

Throughout the project design phase informal discussions have taken place with the CSF communities, PVMC and the Shefa Provincial Council that centred around the disclosure of information on the overall project and the subprojects, which included descriptions of the potential environmental impacts, and to seek feedback relating to the project and any concerns.

A series of specific formal and informal consultation workshops meetings and discussions have been undertaken with the residents of the communities associated with the rehabilitation and new CSF in the urban and peri urban areas of Port Vila. Initial and significant consultations were undertaken between April and June 2014 for all communities (refer Annex 2b for detailed list of community attendees) to disclose the specific information associated with the sanitation sub component project and to discuss and document valid concerns and issues that were raised associated with the CSF.

Key concerns raised in respect to the current issues associated with communal facilities included (i) health and sanitation concerns, (ii) population increase and capacity of the facilities, (iii) waste storage and (iv) disposal of wastes, especially in the populated areas.

5.3 Project Disclosure

The initial disclosure of the CSF project to the PVMC, Shefa Province, key government, NGO, and local community’s stakeholders was undertaken during the community consultation and participation process delivered during the months of September – November 2014 and follow up consultations (2015) during the delivery of the scope of works. This included a detailed description of the facilities, locations, and inputs of communities towards the project to ensure an understanding of the project was fully appreciated and included potential social and environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures.

The SEMP for the CSF sub component of the PVUDP will be disclosed appropriately to the communities in accordance with the government requirements as per EIA Regulations Order No. 175 (2011). The development of this document has included verbal discussions with appropriate stakeholders and invitation for comment on draft versions to ensure full understanding and compliance to national and municipal regulations. Equally important the ADB will review and comment on the draft report and all comments and recommendation will be reviewed and relevant information incorporated into the final document.

The PVUDP has a communication plan that is relevant to the CSF sub project and will provide guidance on the content and spatial delivery of the communication package of the sanitation sub component.

During the construction phase of the CSFs, the contractor will, as part of their contract, disclose information on the location and duration of all construction operations. The contractor will assign a liaison officer who will be responsible for receiving, and acting on complaints associated with the project. Consultation meetings will be held every month for the duration of



P a g e | 36

the project (expected to be 6 months) to gather feedback and give the opportunity for community members to air any concerns that need to be addressed during construction.

5.4. Project Communication Plan

The PVUDP communication plan has been developed and is discussed in detail in the projects IEE and should be referred for additional information. The projects communications plan has two objectives, which are both relevant to the CSF scope of works. This includes:

a. At the project level, internal and external stakeholders are engaged and informed routinely of CSF project outputs and outcomes to contribute, as necessary, for the effective delivery of the subproject component; and

b. For the civil works component, the objective is to ensure that the necessary communications are established to manage the contract in accordance with each party’s contractual obligations. Further, to engage, involve and inform communities and other local stakeholders adjacent to the project sites and to provide all parties with a process to deal effectively with complaints arising from the civil works activities.



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6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

6.1 Environmental Management

An EMP addresses the environmental impacts during the design, construction and operational phases of a project. It outlines the key environmental management and safeguards that will be initiated by the project proponent to manage the project’s key environmental impacts. They provide tools for mitigating or offsetting the potential adverse environmental impacts resulting from various activities of the project and management measures that are to be applied during the projects implementation to avoid, reduce and mitigate adverse environmental impacts.

The purpose of the CSF subproject EMP is to:

a. Encourage good management practices through planning and commitment to environmental safeguarding and management;

b. Provide rational and practical environmental and social guidelines that will assist in minimizing the potential environmental impact of activities;

c. Helps in minimizing disturbance to the environment (physical, biological and ecological, socioeconomic, cultural, and archeological);

d. Combat all forms of pollution through monitoring air, noise, land, water, waste and natural resources;

e. Prevent land degradation; f. Comply and adhere to all applicable laws, regulations, standards and guidelines of

GoV and the ADB safeguard policy for the protection of the environment; g. To adopt best practicable waste management for all types of waste (liquid and solid)

with the objective of prevention, minimization, recycling, treatment or disposal of wastes;

h. Describe all monitoring procedures required to identify impacts on the environment and social aspects;

i. Train and bring awareness to employees and contractors with regard to environmental obligations and compliance; and

j. Reduce environmental and social risk and provide better Health, Safety and Environment (HS&E).

The SEMP assessment of the rehabilitation of the existing and the construction of new CSF has determined that the project will have no identifiable significant environmental impacts nor is the project deemed environmentally sensitive. Impacts arising from the construction of the project are minor, very localized, temporal specific and are acceptable, providing that the set of mitigations measures set out in the projects EMP is adhered to. There are no foreseeable environmental issues associated with the long term operation of the facilities as long as regular maintenance is undertaken. The CSF systems have been designed to international standards and of a suitable size to ensure current and expected use is accommodated.

This EMP has been developed to outline the measures that are to be implemented in order to minimize adverse environmental impacts associated with the construction and upgrading of the CSFs. It serves as a guide for the contractor and the workforce on their roles and responsibilities concerning environmental management on site and outlines the potential environmental impacts their mitigation measures, roles and responsibilities and timescales.

The EMP has been presented in two cross referenced tables, defining impacts mitigative measures needed to prevent or reduce effects (the Environmental Mitigation Table or EMiT – Section 6.3) and monitoring actions to track compliance and effectiveness of the mitigative measure (the Environmental Monitoring Table or EMoT – Section 6.4). The EMP also includes



P a g e | 38

location, time and responsibility information, permitting follow up investigators to track all work undertaken.

The CSF EMP is to be used throughout the project’s life cycle–commissioning, mobilization, construction, operation and maintenance and is to be regularly updated and amended when required, to ensure alignment with progress. It has been developed to ensure it is directly linked to the overall EMP for the PVUDP and as such the implementation arrangements, environmental management responsibilities and institutional roles and responsibilities are the same. These are summarized briefly below however the PVUDP EMP should be referred for any additional background information.

The CSF project will be implemented under a Design and Supervision and Capacity Development (DSCD) Team who will be responsible for all CSF project works including the management of the works contractor. Provisions have been made for a National Environmental Specialist (NES) to be engaged to ensure environmental safeguards identified in this SEMP are implemented in accordance to GoV requirements.

The MFEM is the executing agency for the project and the MIPU, PWD and DEPC are the implementing agencies. The DEPC, supported by the DSCD, will be responsible for ensuring, on a day-to-day basis, that the EMP is implemented during each stage of the projects delivery.

A contractor/s will be engaged to undertake the proposed CSF rehabilitation of the four existing facilities and for the construction of the four new facilities based on the projects detailed and approved plans. The projects contractor/s will be hired through a competitive tendering process that meets GoV requirements and procedures. The contractor will be responsible for ensuring that all design and construction environmental mitigation requirements specified are properly implemented during construction. The contractor will be required to describe the contactor’s construction methodology, measures and plans for implementing the EMP and as such must prepare a CEMP and a Social Environmental Management Plan for the CSF construction site/s. The contractor will need to incorporate and adopt the following principles:

a. Compliance with the conditions of any approvals; b. Compliance with environmental legislation; c. Maintain a site diary and grievance registry; d. Manage environmental risks associated with the project; e. Maintain a healthy safe work practices for the workers, nearby commercial operators,

residents and the general public; f. Identify, control and where possible minimize the adverse environmental impacts

arising from the works; g. Prevent pollution, minimize waste and maximise resource use efficiency; and h. Communicate openly with the government and the stakeholders regarding the

environmental performance.

The CEMP shall be reviewed by the VPMU and recommended for approval by the DEPC prior to the contractor’s mobilization to the site. The contractor will be required to report on the implementation status of the EMP to DEPC or its designator agency. The contractor’s requirements will be detailed in the scope of works and will include the following issues in no order of importance:

a. Erosion and Sediment Control: To minimize the amount of sediment lost from the site;

b. Dust Control: Responsible to control the dust emission from the construction activity;



P a g e | 39

c. Noise: Minimize the nuisance from the construction noise; d. Health and Safety: to provide for safety of construction personnel and local

population; e. Traffic Safety: To minimize the risk of accidents during the construction; f. Personal Protective Equipment: The contractor should provide all PPE to conform to

safety regulations; g. The labour (work force) should not interfere with the local population; h. Social and Community concern: to minimize social and community impacts; and i. Signage: The contractor should place sign boards in an accessible location to

inform the general public about the hours of work.

The EMP prepared as part of this SEMP includes nine (9) preconstruction period mitigative and monitoring actions, sixteen (16) construction period mitigative and monitoring actions and two (2) operating period mitigative and monitoring actions.

Most important action required during the pre-construction phase will be the distribution of the environmental documentation, including the Environment and Mitigation Plans to all stakeholders including the successful contractor(s), acquisition of all permits and consent requirements, the completion of a pre-construction briefing/workshop for the relevant government agencies, the contractor and relevant key community and NGO stakeholders. During the construction period, environmentally responsible construction practices, management of all wastes and proper disposal will be required and will be enforced. Due diligence and consideration of the communities using the CSF need to guide construction activities to reduce inconveniences as best as possible. The development and implementation of a long-term maintenance program (including the allocation of suitable funds) is required to ensure all CSF continue to successfully operate.

Reporting will be completed regularly during the construction period, and will include monthly reports from the contractor to the PVUDP, and quarterly reports prepared by the PVUDP to the VPMU as detailed in the EMP- EMoT.

6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

A PVUDP GRM has been established to address any concerns, complaints and grievances arising during the course of implementing the PVUDP and its subcomponent projects including the CSF. Members of the public may perceive risks to themselves or their properties or have concerns about the environmental performance of the project. These issues may relate to construction and operation and therefore they will have rights to file complaints for the contractor and the VPMU to address promptly and sensitively, and for complaints to be made without retribution.

The GRM for the CSF’s includes the following;

a. The Contractor will maintain a register of any community grievances and that register will record the grievance and the resolution measures taken. The Contractor’s Community Liaison Officer (CLO) will be frequently on site and will receive and register complains in the first instant. The register will be made available for inspection by the authorized representatives of the Employer.

b. There will be a dedicated landline number installed by the PVUDP and all complaints received will be recorded using a software spread sheet which will then be attended to accordingly by the Community and Gender Participation Specialist (CGPS). This compliant spread sheet will also be made available for inspection by the authorized representatives of the Employer.



P a g e | 40

c. Any land grievances associated with the civil works will follow the same procedure of communication where the complaint will be registered by the CLO or by contacting the dedicated landline established by the project. In considering that the MOUs or consents would have been already executed, this should already be a mitigation measure to avoid any significant grievances.

For all general GRM associated with the CSF’s (and all sub components of the PVUDP) the following mechanisms will be used for all grievances (diagrammatically represented in Figure 2).

a. All minor land related grievances that can be resolved immediately on the site. Other land related grievances would be handled separately. The focus of the GRM is to resolve issues in a customarily appropriate fashion at the community level.

b. Community concerns, complaints and grievances will be taken and registered into the Complaints log by the Contractor’s CLO. Should the CLO or an individual not be satisfied with any aspect of their communication in relation to issue on site, the matter will then be taken to the Resident Engineer. If the Resident Engineer cannot resolve the issue, then it will be referred to the Engineer or higher until the grievance is resolved.

c. It is unlikely that non-land related grievances would progress beyond the Engineer level for resolution. Should a grievance proceed to the Employer level and resolution not be achieved at that level, then the Employer would have no option but to withdraw the Contractor from the site and for the grievance to be handled through legal processes.

d. The Contractor will maintain a register of any community grievances and that register will record the grievance and the resolution measures taken. Any authorised representatives of the Employer will make the register available for inspection. The Contractor will inform the Resident Engineer of all grievances received including those that have been resolved.

Figure 2: General Grievance Mechanism Flow Chart for the PVUDP

For the CSF GRM the following mechanisms will be used for all grievances;

Resolution

No resolution

Individual or group

Community Liaison Officer

Resident Engineer

Engineer

Employer



P a g e | 41

a. For each site, a consent between VPMU and site stakeholders (including landholders) has been signed in which the stakeholders have agreed to the construction and rehabilitation of the communal facilities. Any minor land related grievances associated with the Contractor’s site operations will be handled using the mechanism shown above. Any other land related grievances are not the responsibility of the Contractor, Field Superintendent or Engineer to resolve.

b. Land related grievances, other than minor grievances described above, will be managed in accordance with the Custom Land Management Act, Land Leases Act, Land Acquisition Ac and Land Acquisition Act. The Act provides for the establishment of Customary Land Tribunals at village, custom level, sub-areas and higher levels and proscribes a dispute resolution process. The Act encourages parties involved in a customary land dispute to attempt first to resolve disputes in accordance with the rules of custom or in any other lawful way before taking the matter to a Tribunal. If a dispute has not been resolved by negotiation then the disputing parties can request the formation of a Village Land Tribunal, which will hear the dispute. Appeals are permitted at higher level tribunals.

The following principals have been developed to ensure the successful GRM implementation, these include:

a. Mechanisms and procedures will provide for two-way communication;

b. Culturally and gender appropriate communication and consultation mechanisms will be used;

c. Existing communication methods will be used where they meet the individual communication needs;

d. The contracts for the rehabilitation and new CSF will include Contractor obligations for communicating with project communities and stakeholders through a permanent CLO;

e. Complaints handling procedure will be established and will provide a process for dissatisfied complainants to take their complaints to a higher level;

f. Communication and consultation will be treated as a routine procedure; and

g. Communication procedures will be refined as necessary throughout the life of the CSF sub project.



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6.2 Environmental Management Plan: Table 2 - EMP Mitigation Table (EmiT)

Environmental Issue Project Activity

Mitigation Measures

Location

Time Frame Responsibility

Implementati

on

Supervision

1.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

1.1 Development Consent and Permit Acquisition

Consult VPMU (DEPC), submit SEMP for Communal Sanitation Facilities and make development consent application under statutory process.

Ensure VPMU (DEPC), approved EMP and any conditions of development consent are included in Contractors contract documents including: i) requirement for Contractor to seek VPMU approval

and update EMP if significant changes are made to original design,

ii) requirement for Contractor to prepare a CEMP (based on EMP) for approval of VPMU before commencement of construction phase. The CEMP will demonstrate the manner (location, responsibilities, schedule/ timeframe, budget, etc.) in which the contractor will implement the mitigation measures specified in the EMP approved under DEPC development consent.

Disclose SEMP project documents including Communication plan and established GRM.

VPMU and DEPC

Once Contractor has been selected.

DSCD VPMU

1.2 Climate Change Adaptation Measures evaluated and incorporated into CSF design.

Design criteria in respect to extreme weather events (e.g. cyclones, tsunami) resulting in flooding, strong winds. Construction material used is salt water and tropical resistant, built to withstand high rainfall and practical for local conditions, including long term maintenance and cleaning.

VPMU and DEPC

Civil design specifications in tender document & awarded contract.

DSCD VPMU PWD

1.3 General ecological principles applied to design.

Ensure design takes into account minimal disturbance of surround ecosystems and sound management of wastes associated with the improvements of the existing and new CSF.

VPMU and DEPC

Incorporated into Engineering Design Documents

DSCD VPMU PWD

1.4 Environmentally responsible procurement.

Specify in tender document qualified staffs are required to implement, manage, and monitor environmental and

VPMU and DEPC

Specifications in tender document &

DSCD VPMU DSCD



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

safety issues of the project. EMP included in bid documents to ensure that mitigation

measures are budgeted and to prepare for by the contractor for environmental responsibilities.

Contractor to submit site specific Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) based on contractual EMP.

awarded contract.

1.5 Environmental capacity development

VPMU and/or PVUDP to commit sufficient resources for project duration to oversee EMP implementation.

VPMU and/or PVUDP funds for general training and awareness of safeguards requirements (e.g. workshops and on-the-job training).

Conduct contractor / workers’ orientation on EMP provisions.

VPMU, DSCD and contractor.

Prior to start of site works and throughout

construction phase.

VPMU, DSCD and contractor

VPMU PWD

1.6 Occupational Health and Safety (OHCSFS) measures not specified in Bid Documentation

Inclusion of OHCSFS requirements in Bid Documentation including:

(i) Allocation of responsibility for safety inspections to a designated, qualified and experienced Health and Safety Officer (HSO) within the Contractor’s staff;

(ii) Training of workers on safety precautions, for themselves and others and for implementing emergency procedures;

(iii) Provision of protective clothing and equipment to workers as appropriate;

(iv) Ensuring that vehicle and equipment operators are properly licensed and trained;

(v) Arrangement for provision of first aid facilities; (vi) Emergency evacuation procedures; (vii) Provision for regular safety checks of vehicles and

material; (viii) Provision of hazard warning signs at the all

construction sites; and (ix) Requirement for the Contractor to maintain a register

of accidents detailing date, circumstances, severity, action taken and outcomes.

All sanitation work sites and all

associated work activities.

Prior to start of works program.

Project Contractor,

DSCD

PWD

1.7 Potential risk of social disruption of the affected

Site office and works yard established in conjunction with Port Vila Municipal Office and VPMU to service all 8


Prior to start of works program.

Project Contractor,

PWD



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

communities and interactions with community due to project of work.

CSF. Municipal and community protocols discussed/ agreed

and all workers informed and aware as part of induction process.

Contractor responsible to ensure compliance of all workers to municipal and community rules and codes of conduct.

Appropriate signage and security in implemented at project sites.

associated work activities.

DSCD

1.8 Failure to brief, understand and train VPMU and Contractor(s) in EMP implementation.

EMP provided to VPMU within the SEMP for the Communal Sanitation Facilities.

EMP included in contractors tender bid documents. Workshop and information interactive exchange

opportunity delivered Information exchange

VPMU office Prior to start of works program.

DSCD PWD

1.9 Potential risks due to public not well informed on the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and how it is operated.

A stakeholder participatory meeting is required prior to commencement of work, to ensure community and the general public are aware of the GRM and how it is operated.


associated work activities on site.

Prior to start of works program

DSCD PWD

2.0 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

2.1 Accident risks from mobilizing construction equipment.

To the extent possible, avoid the mobilization of heavy equipment’s at night.

All vehicle movements during standard daily working hours.

Over-width and over-length vehicles should display adequate warnings such as flashing lights, signs, and flags on extending parts of equipment.

Designated routes for construction vehicles, stakeholders informed, local speed limits and road rules adhered to.

Provision of signboards for the safe movement of the pedestrians.

Details of any necessary road or lane closure, diversion or deviations.


associated work activities on site.

Continuous during the Construction

stage.

Contractor PWD, Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.2 Accident risk from construction activity.

Safety awareness and education will be provided to all

workers and will include;

All CSF work site and all associated


Contractor PWD, Department

of Labour, Traffic



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

Warning and/or Precaution Signs on safety throughout

the CSF area.

Safety Helmets.

Instruction on health and safety for the workforce

engaged in the construction.

Establishment of all relevant safety measures required

by Vanuatu Government laws, donor agency and good

engineering practices.

Provision and accessibility of first aid facilities at the

construction sites.

work locations. stage. Unit of Vanuatu

Police Force and

PVMC Wardens.

2.3 Accidental damage to property.

Ensuring that all works operations take place in the presence of the Contractor’s supervisor, who is responsible for ensuring all reasonable precautions are undertaken to prevent damage to property.

The contractor supervisor is fully aware of the CSF GRM.


work locations.


stage.


of Labour, Traffic

Unit of Vanuatu

Police Force and

PVMC Wardens.

2.4 Accidental damage to utilities

Obtaining plans from the PVMC and relevant government and public agencies showing the locations of pipelines and power cables, and mark prior to start of works program.

Consultation with local communities on the location of utilities prior to commencing excavation operations.


work locations.

Continuous but prior to the start of excavation works

and during the Construction stage.


of Labour, Traffic

Unit of Vanuatu

Police Force and

PVMC Wardens.

2.5 Construction waste disposal and wastewater from construction site.

Preparation and implementation of waste management plan by contractor before start of work.

No waste should be dumped within the CSF site; All wastewater is to be preventing as best as possible

from entering the adjacent terrestrial environments and communities.

Siltation traps will be placed at the construction sites to regulate and manage wastewater sedimentation issues.


work locations.


stage.

Contractor PWD, DEPC,

Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.6 Improper disposal of solid and liquid wastes.

Segregation of wastes shall be observed and provisions supplied (e.g. waste collection bins).

Organic (bio-degradable) waste material shall be


work locations.


stage.


Traffic Unit of



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

collected and disposed of off-site by composting (no burning on site).

All non-hazardous wastes to be disposed off at the projects dedicated and approved waste management site.

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.7 Pollution due to use and storage of hazardous substances.

Hydrocarbon and toxic materials to be stored in adequately protected sites to prevent soil and water contamination, while vehicle maintenance and refuelling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed to contain spilled lubricants and fuels.

Fuel depot shall be provided with impervious flooring and bund/containment wall to keep spilled fuel/lubricant within the depot;

Locate storage areas for petrochemical products including bitumen at least 500 meters from the coastline.

Used oil and other toxic and hazardous materials shall be disposed of in an authorized facility off-site.

Spill waste will be disposed at disposal sites approved by local authorities.

All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations complying all the applicable statutory stipulation.

The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization


work locations.


stage.


Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.8 Noise and Vibration.

Provide information to nearby community/residents about the duration of noise generating operations.

Planning of construction operations to minimize public nuisance.

All construction vehicles and machinery to have working mufflers and they will be properly maintained and conform to Vanuatu Government noise emission requirements.

Activities that will generate high noise levels will be scheduled to coincide with period when people are least likely to be affected.

All construction activities generating noise to be


work locations.


stage.

Contractor PWD, PVMC

wardens, DEPC

and Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force.



P a g e | 47


Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

undertaken between the hours of 9 AM and 5 PM daily. Enforcement of regulations subsequent to public

awareness. 2.9 Dust and Air Pollution.

Provide information to nearby community/residents about the duration of dust generating operations.

Maintain all construction vehicles to minimize toxic vehicle emission.

Sprinkle water on the road surface to prevent dust emissions if required.

Prompt removal of waste material to reduce potential dust.

Concrete batching plant shall be located at least 500 m from settlements and market areas.


work locations.


stage.


Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.10 Erosion and sediment control.

Storage and reuse of topsoil and stockpiles. Disposal of spoils off site. Coverage of all spoils at the site. Silt control, using sediment traps to collect and prevent

the distribution of during construction. Vegetation disturbance/removal limited. Management of sediment laden water.


work locations.

During the Construction stage.


Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.11 Removal of vegetation. Care needs to be exercised during construction to avoid physical damage to the existing trees and below ground root systems associated with CSF to ensure survival.

Due diligence needs to be exercised in situations where practical root systems are required to be removed for construction and long term management of the CSF.

If during work, contractors requires additional removal of trees and or root systems discussions and approval is required from the VPMU before work can be undertaken.


work locations.

During the Construction stage.


Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.12 Traffic disruption during

construction.

Provide information to nearby community residents about the duration of traffic disruptions and describe operations that will be undertaken.

Employ “flag men” to regulate the traffic flow at every construction area if required.

Minimise nuisance to daily activities within the CSF.


work locations.


stage.

Contractor PWD, PVMC

Wardens and

Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police.



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

2.13 Minimize social and community impacts.

Methods of communication with key community stakeholders, affected parties and the owners/occupiers of the neighbouring properties regarding the:

Likely timing and duration of work. Alternative routes. Access to properties.

Details of prior consultation and outline any measures developed with such group to manage or mitigate adverse effects.


work locations.


stage.


Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.14 Public Health and

Safety Risks.

Barriers (e.g., temporary fence) shall be installed at construction areas to deter pedestrian access to the site during construction operations.

The general public/local residents shall not be allowed in high-risk areas, e.g., excavation sites and areas where heavy equipment is in operation.


work locations.


stage.

Contractor PWD, Traffic Unit of

Vanuatu Police

Force and PVMC

Wardens.

2.15 Occupational Health and Safety (OHCSFS).

Workers shall be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety shoes, hard hats, safety glasses, ear plugs, gloves, etc.

The contractor shall orient workers on health and safety issues related to their activities as well as on the proper use of PPE.

Install channelling devices (e.g., traffic cones and barrels) or fence to delineate the work zone.

Workers shall be provided with potable water supply. Provision of distinguishing clothing or reflective devices

or otherwise conspicuously visible material when there is regular exposure of workers to danger from moving vehicles and/or heavy machinery.

Monitoring and control of the working environment and planning of safety and health precautions should be performed as prescribed by national laws and regulations. This includes

i) Workers who have received appropriate training in accordance with national laws and regulations shall operate construction equipment.

ii) The drivers and operators of vehicles and materials handling equipment shall be medically fit, trained and


work locations.


stage.


of Labour, Traffic

Unit of Vanuatu

Police Force and

PVMC Wardens.



P a g e | 49


Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

tested and of a prescribed minimum age as required by the government rules and regulation.

iii) Safety provisions shall be brought to the notice of all concerned by displaying or notice board at a prominent place at the work locations.

iv) The contractor shall be responsible for observance, by his sub-contractors, of all health and safety provisions.

v) The contractor should take adequate measures for the control of malaria and other mosquito vector diseases.

vi) All vehicles used in the construction yard should have reverse horns.

vii) There should be proper demarcation of work areas with signage boards showing the work areas. The signboards should be in local language and English and/or French. .

viii) Suitable warning should be displayed at all places where contact with or proximity to electrical equipment can cause danger.

ix) Persons having to operate electrical equipment should be fully instructed as to any possible danger of the equipment concerned. All the electrical equipment should be inspected before it is taken into use to ensure that it is suitable for its purpose.

x) Water transport tanks, storage tanks and dispensing container should be designed, used, cleaned and disinfected at suitable intervals in a manner approved by the competent authority.

xi) Water that is unfit to drink should be conspicuously indicated by notices prohibiting workers from drinking it.

xii) Secure storage areas should be provided for flammable liquids, solids and gases such as liquefied petroleum gas cylinder, paints and other such materials in order to deter trespassers.

xiii) Smoking should be strictly prohibited and no smoking



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

notices be predominantly displayed in all places containing readily combustible or flammable materials

xiv) Only suitably protected electrical installations and equipment, including portable lamps, should be used.

xv) Oil rags, waste and clothes or other substances liable to spontaneous ignition should be removed without delay to a safe place.

xvi) Fire-extinguishing equipment should be provided at all work site locations where combustible materials is stored and other areas where fire hazards are found. Such equipment shall be properly maintained and inspected at suitable intervals by a competent person.

2.16 Failure to prepare and submit monitoring reports.

The contractor(s) will be responsible for filing monthly monitoring checklist reports, defining the mitigative measures undertaken, issues arising and future activities-based on the EMP.

NA Within 1 week of each month

Contractor DSCD

3.0 OPERATION PERIOD 3.1 Management of CSF maintenance and cleaning.

Continue implementation of waste management plan, including regular inspections of;

All incoming water and outgoing wastewater inspected, cleared of any debris and blockage and cleaned.

All septic systems inspected, cleared of any debris and cleaned.

Regularly removal, separation if possible of waste material at each CSF and waste deposited at a certified waste reception location. No waste should be dumped within or close to the CSF site.

All maintenance cleaning material stored in a secured covered regulated area.

Ensure protocols are in place to address potential accidental septic/sewage spillage/discharge and staff/community are suitable trained with correct equipment.

All maintenance work conducted according to pre-announced time schedule in consultation with key

CSF and associated roads CSF drainage systems

Quarterly PVMC PVMC



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Mitigation Measures

Location


Implementati

on

Supervision

community stakeholders. 3.2 Health and safety risks associated with cleaning and removal of wastes form the CSF.

Ensure correct OHCSFS procedures developed in the CSF EMP are adopted and continued to be implemented during the operational phase, specifically including the maintenance and future repair activities of the sewage septic systems.

Maintenance schedule is defined and costed to adequately cover the cost of maintenance is secured prior to the operation phase. Maintenance schedule should at least cover the operation life of the equipment.

CSF and associated roads

CSF drainage systems

When Required. PVMC, PWD PVMC



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6.3 Environmental Management Plan: Table 3 - EMP Monitoring Table (EMoT)

Environmental Issue Monitoring Details Timing Executing Unit

Reporting Responsibility

1.0 PRE- CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

1.1 Development Consent and Permit Acquisition

Confirm with all stakeholders that permits and consent documentation has been acquired and received no later than 1 month before contractor mobilization

After the contractor has been selected

but before mobilization

DSCD VPMU

1.2 Climate Change Adaptation Measures evaluated and incorporated into CSF design.

Ensure that climate change adaptation measures are included in the CSF design and reflected in the contractors tender bid documentation.

Prior to commencement of

work

DSCD VPMU

1.3 General ecological principles applied to design.

Ensure that efforts have been made to reduce environmental impact measures are included in the CSF design and reflected in the contractors tender bid documentation.


work

DSCD VPMU

1.4 Environmentally responsible procurement.

Obtain written confirmation that environmentally responsible procurement measures are included in contract documentation and contractor has signed off.


work

DSCD VPMU

1.5 Environmental capacity development.

File a written record of the training session provided by DSCD for inclusion in the semi-annual report to ADB.


work

DSCD VPMU

1.6 Occupational Health and Safety (OHCSFS) measures not specified in Bid Documentation

Obtain written confirmation that OHCSFS measures are included in contract documentation and contractor has signed off.


work

DSCD VPMU

1.7 Potential risk of social disruption of CSF community activities and interactions with community due to project of work.

File meeting minutes of public consultation for submission to ADB in semi-annual monitoring report.


work

DSCD VPMU

1.8 Failure to brief, understand and train VPMU and Contractor(s) in EMP implementation.

File a written record of the training session provided by DSCD for inclusion in the semi-annual report to ADB.

Within 3 weeks of commencement of

construction

DSCD VPMU

1.9 Potential risks due to public not well informed on the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and how it is operated.

File meeting minutes of public consultation for submission to ADB in semi-annual monitoring report.


work

DSCD VPMU



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2.0 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

2.1 Accident risks from mobilizing construction equipment.

Visual inspection of project vehicles, access route, safety, hours of operation and conformity to EMP mitigation plan, records of non-compliance or grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.2 Accident risk from construction activity.

Visual inspection of project sites to ensure safety requirements (e.g. signage, safety gear, first aid), compliance to EMP and information exchanged, records of grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.3 Accidental damage to property.

Visual inspection of project sites, and records of grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.4 Accidental damage to utilities Visual inspection of project sites, and records of grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly, however important before

construction initiated.

DSCD PWD

2.5 Construction waste disposal and wastewater from construction site.

Visual inspection of waste within construction locations to ensure; Waste management plan is used. Construction waste are collected, separated and transported

to approved land fill locations offsite, No storage of waste on site, Sediment traps are in place managing wastewater.

Conformity to EMP mitigation plan, records of non-compliance or grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.6 Improper disposal of solid and liquid wastes.

Visual inspection of waste within construction locations to ensure; Waste management plan is used. Waste are collected, separated and transported to approved

land fill locations offsite, No storage of waste on site, No spillage within site,


Monthly DSCD PWD



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2.7 Pollution due to use and storage of hazardous substances.

Visual inspection of waste within construction locations to ensure; Waste management plan is used. Waste are collected, separated and transported to approved

land fill locations offsite, No storage of waste on site, No spillage within site,


Monthly DSCD PWD

2.8 Noise and Vibration.

Visual inspection of project sites, and records of grievance made and actions taken and conduct interviews with closest community resident to establish impacts and actions taken by contractor.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.9 Dust and Air Pollution. Visual inspection of project sites, and records of grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.10 Erosion and sediment control.

Regular visual inspection of site for erosion and sediment issues and monitor; Sediment pollution traps are in place managing wastewater. Sediment collected are reused within the site or transported

to an approved land fill site. Conformity to EMP mitigation plan, records of non-compliance

or grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.11 Removal of vegetation. Visual inspection and document removal of tree. Visual inspection of accidental damage or planned removal of

underground tree roots. Ensure conformity to EMP mitigation plan, records of non-

compliance or grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.12 Traffic disruption during construction.

Visual inspection of project sites and roads used for transportation to ensure traffic is not congested, record grievance and ensure actions are undertaken. Liaise with stakeholders and community to highlight concerns and action required by the contractor to undertake.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.13 Minimize social and community impacts.

Regular informal and formal discussions with key stakeholders, identify issues and/or grievance and address through positive actions.

Monthly DSCD PWD



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2.14 Public Health and Safety

Risks.

Visual inspection of project sites to ensure public access in the vicinity of the construction site is safe, requirements are clearly marked, accessible and readable. Record grievance and ensure actions are undertaken. Liaise with stakeholders and community to highlight concerns and action required by the contractor to undertake.

Monthly DSCD PWD

2.15 Occupational Health and Safety (OHCSFS).

Ensure OHCSFS EMP requirements have been fully implemented and ensure compliance for all activities and personnel are maintained.

Ensure conformity to EMP mitigation plan, record issues of non-compliance or grievance made and actions taken.

Monthly PVUDP PWD

2.16 Failure to prepare and submit monitoring reports.

Have available full record of monthly monitoring checklist reports.

Monthly from contractor

PVUDP PWD

3.0 OPERATING PERIOD 3.1 Management of CSF maintenance and cleaning.

Continue implementation of a sanitation waste management plan based on a regular and planned maintenance schedule including protocols for the collection and safe management of different wastes products and emergence capability for hazardous wastes.

Ensure equipment is procured and maintained to ensure maintenance and cleaning operations can be undertaken.

Quarterly PVMC PVMC

3.2 Health and safety risks associated with cleaning and removal of wastes form the CSF.

Ensure OHCSFS EMP requirements developed and implemented during the construction phase are adopted and continued to be used when maintenance work on the CSF water delivery, waste water discharge and septic systems are undertaken. Full compliance should be maintained.

Ensure OHCSFS equipment required is procured ad used during all work activities.

During maintenance activities.

PVMC PVMC



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6.4. Reporting

The below schedule is proposed to be used by the Project to report on the activities undertaken within the CSF sub-component. Reporting timelines will be finalised once the contractor has been selected and procedures have been met.

6.4.1 Construction Period Environmental Monitoring Report

The PVUDP will be submitting mandatory semi-annual monitoring reports to the ADB, reporting on the EMP implementation and general environmental conditions as the construction progresses. It is expected that the DSCD will be reporting on a six monthly basis and these reports will be integrated into the PVUDP semi-annual reports. Copies of these reports will also be submitted to the VPMU, MFEM, DECP and MIPU for their record and use, should they wish to conduct an audit. Reports will be submitted within two weeks of the end of each six-month period.

6.4.2 Operating Period Annual Environmental Monitoring Report

Once the project becomes operational, VPMU will also submit (document complied by the PVUDP) annual environmental monitoring and compliance reports to ADB, reporting principally on the maintenance programme undertaken which ensures the long term functions of the Communal Sanitation Facilities. Reports will be prepared for the first three years of operation and submitted to ADB. The VPMU will prepare these reports, or a consultant retained by VPMU. Reports will be submitted within 4 weeks of the end of each monitoring year.

6.4.3 Contractor Monthly Monitoring Reports

Once the successful contractor has been appointed and at least one month before mobilization the DSCD will hold a 1 day briefing and workshop session to make clear the requirements of the EMP and the contractor’s responsibility. The monitoring and reporting requirements of the contractor will also be reviewed at this time.

Using the EMP tables presented here in, the contractor will be required to prepare a EMP implementation timetable, integrating the tasks defined in the EMP into the daily work schedule, referred to as the Construction Environmental Work Plan (CEWP). Secondly, the contractor will prepare a monitoring checklist and complete this monthly confirmed actions taken according to the EMP. The checklist, accompanied by a set of photographs, will be submitted to the DSCD for use in the semi-annual monitoring report.

6.4.4 Construction Completion Report

Within three months of the end of the construction period, the contractor will be required to prepare a completion report, specifically addressing the handling and disposal of hazardous materials, construction wastes and overall management action undertaken for the project.



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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The SEMP concludes that there are no identifiable significant environmental impacts nor is the project deemed environmentally sensitive. The rehabilitation and up grading of 4 existing and the construction of 4 new Communal Sanitation Facilities in seven different communities within the urban and peri urban areas of Port Vila have a very low environmental footprint and will result in a marked improvement to the services these facilities provide to the communities and the environment associated with these facilities. Impacts arising from the construction and operation of the project are minor, very localized, and are acceptable, providing that the set of mitigations measures set out in the EMP are incorporated in the design, implemented, and monitored properly. Key impacts include:

a. The CSF are located within the urban and peri- urban areas of Port Vila which have been highly modified (cleared, filled and built on) and does not support any terrestrial ecological or biological (flora or fauna) endemic, endangered or significant biodiversity;

b. The proposed CSF sites do not have any freshwater (rivers, streams), forests or agricultural activities associated with the CSF area of influence.

c. The proposed CSF sites, during periods of excess rainfall, will not discharge freshwater into nearby freshwater or coastal systems.

d. Impacts on the ecosystem (flora and fauna) are expected to be minor. e. The proposed CSF do not impact any terrestrial conservation and/or protected areas,

sites of cultural, customary or heritage significance nor any national or international endangered or protected species.

f. Due diligence and proactive management of all construction aspects of the CSF will ensure limited disturbance to the daily communal activities undertaken in the selected sites (e.g. traffic, dust), and the collection, storage and correct disposal of waste material generated during construction.

g. Vanuatu laws and regulations associated with labour, employment, OH&S need to be adopted, enforced and monitored during all construction and monitoring activities associated with the CSFs.

h. Climate change adaptation measures have been included in the CSFs design.

An EMP identifies potential environmental impacts arising from the project along with a corresponding schedule and monitoring of mitigation measures to ensure potential impacts are maintained at insignificant levels. It also includes the institutional arrangements for implementing the EMP to ensure its effectiveness.

This SEMP, including the EMP is considered sufficient to meet the government’s environmental safeguard requirements in respect of the PVUDP. No further or additional impact assessment is considered necessary at this stage. Therefore this SEMP including the EMP is recommended for approval by the DEPC.



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REFERENCES

ABD 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB Publication. 92p Government of Vanuatu. 2002. Environmental Management and Conservation Act. Government of Vanuatu. 2011. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations. PVUDP June 2011, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). PVUDP, August 2014. Recommendation of sites for New and Upgraded Communal Facilities. PVUDP, September 2015. Updated Due Diligence report for the Land Contribution Volunteered by the Community for the Proposed CSF sites. Vanuatu Government Report 2011. Republic of Vanuatu: Port Vila Urban Development Project. Initial Environmental Examination DRAFT. 182p.



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ANNEXES

ANNEX 1. Community Profiles

Seaside Paama – refurbishment of existing CSF sanitation facility General information: Community est. in 1960. There are 6 blocks of land each with a different land lease holder who in turn rent out houses to the tenants. We understand that at least two, possibly 6, of the lease holders have private toilets and the rest of the community use the public toilet/shower/laundry facility built in 1978 at the edge of the agriculture fair grounds. Existing facility has 4 toilets (not gender specific) and 4 showers and 2 laundry sinks. The project will need to extend the facility to include a children’s toilet and a universally accessible toilet/shower and build additional laundry sinks. There will need to be a disabled access ramp down to the facility and a fence built around the facility. The toilets and showers should be made gender segregated and all pipes should be laid externally to give ease of access for repairs. Women and leaders recommend that the project build a fence around the facility to protect water consumption and better manage user access to the facility. Currently household groups share keys to the toilets and showers and this system proves problematic and does allow for gender segregated facilities. A fence around the facility will allow those managing the facility to charge a user fee and/or monitor if users have paid their contribution. The fence will also stop children from wasting water. UNELCO water supply available: Yes, UNELCO currently supplies water to the existing facility. The existing facility requires a stand-pipe with a proper soak-away as this is main source of drinking, cooking water for most of the community. Road Access: The location for the existing facility is next to a public road. Population density: 200+ persons. 30 to 40 households with an average 6 persons/house. Persons with Disability: There are 4 PWD in Seaside Paama; there is one adult female using a wheel chair who has access to a private toilet, shower. Her son is a 35 year old male who uses a communication device to speak. He is able to walk about without mobility issues. There is 1 female who uses crutches and is able to access the community toilet shower. There is an elderly woman who accesses the community toilet without mobility aid. She may need a walker in the future. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: The existing facility is located on public land within municipal fairgrounds. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: Yes, community are willing and agree that women should do OCSFM. Need to discuss with land lease holders about giving back control of the facility to the women. Vanwods is very active in DRAFT 14 August 2014. Seaside. The contracted NGO should encourage OCSFM Committee to form a Vanwods savings group. In this way Mama’s can take a small payment for OCSFM of the facility and have



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a savings scheme. Also, once they establish good credit with Vanwods the Mama’s can take out loans if required. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: The public facility has 4 toilets and 4 showers for 200+ persons. We understand there are 2 to possibly 6 private facilities. A focus group discussion with 27 Seaside Paama women revealed that only 8 of 27 women actually use the public facility. We are told that the main users are those living in the middle of Seaside Paama, in the area behind the Chinese Store and opposite the existing facility. Those at the top and bottom ends of Paama have access to private toilets. There is no space for additional private toilet shower facilities within Seaside Paama, however there is plenty of room to expand the communal facility located on the public fair grounds. Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: The community are already contributing to a community shared water bill. Women currently volunteer to clean the toilets on an ad-hoc basis. This system is not working well and needs to changed so that women have bleach and scrub brushes at their disposal, and a cleaning roster, etc. Electricity available: The facility is on a separate electricity meter and the SDA church controls the meter for the facility. Due to the high cost the facility does not currently run lights at night. Solid waste management: Municipality collects rubbish but sometimes the community wait 3 weeks between pick-up. There are no road-side stands or bins for rubbish, therefore dogs and rats get into the rubbish. There is a huge rubbish pile at the base of the Nabanga tree. Suggest that project provide materials for rubbish stands. The contracted NGO should work with the community so that they understand and clean-up existing dump and then build and consistently use rubbish stands before they can receive refurbished sanitation facility. Major refurbishment and structural changes needed include;

Improved soakaway for shared stand-pipe;

Construction of a high fence with lockable gate to surround the facility;

Remove the existing 2 laundry sinks and build 3 more toilets (1 children’s toilet, 1

female toilet and 1 urinal) in that space;

At the opposite end of the facility from former laundry sinks build a universally;

accessible toilet/shower with ramp access;

Build a new row of laundry sinks (at a lower height than existing sinks) along the

side of the building facing towards the bamboo/open area;

Lay new pipe so that all pipe is external (not buried in concrete) and easily accessible for repairs;

Air-blasting of existing concrete walls and floors;

Roof is in good repair and does not need replacement;

Use improved quality shower taps so they last longer;

Build toilet shower doors out of stainless steel or sturdy hardwood. Hang hooks on inside of doors in showers and toilets;

Replace door frames;

Replace toilet seats where missing;

Permanent rubbish bins for sanitary napkins and toilet paper are needed in all toilets;



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Replace lighting fixtures and add where required;

Build hand-washing sink for adults and 1 for children outside toilets. Ensure there is a draining holder for soap;

Identify existing toilets and showers facing the bamboo/open area as female;

Identify the toilets and showers facing the road as male.

Seaside Tongoa – refurbishment of 2 existing CSF sanitation facilities General information: Community established in 1964. There are 2 sanitation facilities in Tongoa. The old facility was built in 1975 and is belonging to Tongoa community and on Tongoa community land. The new facility was built by Australia Presbyterian Church youth group in 2011. It is on land belonging to the Presbyterian Women Mothers Union (PWMU). The old facility toilets and showers do not function but women use the area to do laundry in plastic tubs. The old facility has a men’s side with 2 toilets and 2 showers and a women’s side with 2 toilets and 2 showers. There ‘were’ 2 laundry sinks but these have been pulled out. This space and the facility office could be used to build a universally accessible toilet/shower and a children’s toilet. Also, hand washing sinks are needed. The new facility has a men’s side with 3 toilets and 3 showers, same on the women’s side. There were hand washing sinks but the water was shut off because children were playing and wasting water. So now, there is nowhere but the showers to wash your hands after going to the toilet. Hand washing sinks are required and an extension built for disable unisex toilet/shower. Male leaders are keen to renovate the old facility to provide more toilets and showers and a laundry area. Women could not agree at their first meeting as to the best location for laundry sinks, some wanted them at the new location and some at the old. Further discussion is needed. UNELCO water supply available: There is an existing communal water supply and metre and a committee manages the money to pay the supply. The community members pay monthly water fees at a rate of Vatu 500/adult/month, 300/youth/month and 200/child/month. [the figure the men gave was somewhat different 1200vatu/month/couple and their children and 500vatu/month/single person over 18 years - so need to check this again] Road Access: Septic truck has access to the tank and charged Vatu 15,000 for the last cleaning. Population density: 600+ people using 6 communal toilets and 6 communal showers. There are 3 private household toilets within the community. The community is very crowded and some people sleep under the community shelter at night. People with Disability (PWD): Tongoa - There are 3 people with mobility issues. There is a 9-year old boy who uses a wheel chair with assistance from his parents. The boy does not currently access the facility and the path is blocked at present. There will need to be work done with the community to widen the path, clear the flowers out of the path so that the wheelchair can pass through to reach the improved facility. The parents currently use nappies on the boy and wash him with buckets outside the house. There is an elderly male who uses crutches to access the facility and he finds the shower floor is slippery; we need to put grip onto the shower



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floor. There is a female adult who also uses crutches and is able to reach the facility. She and other elderly adults would benefit from a shower chair installed in the universally accessible toilet. Tongoa may have more elderly than other communities. The high population reflects that people do not move out from the community. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: The new facility is on a land title held by the Presbyterian Women Mothers Union block 11/0C33/025. The old facility is on land block 11/0C33/032 belonging to Tongoa trust. The PWMU manage the new facility and would be responsible to manage the old facility once refurbished. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: The community already operate a communal facility and a shared water bill and have a committee and a bank account set up for this purpose. However, there is no roster for cleaning of the facility; this is done on a voluntary ad hoc basis [Male leaders believe that there is a roster, will need to confirm this information]. Men carry out repairs and maintenance. The contracted NGO will need to work to build up the OCSFM committee to establish a paid cleaning squad, positions for maintenance and book keeping. The OCSFM committee will need to be trained so that they can provide financial reports back to the community. Again, the contracted NGO should encourage the OCSFM Committee to form a Vanwods Savings Group. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: 600+ persons currently sharing 6 public and 3 private toilets. Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: Community already operate a shared facility and contribute to a shared water bill. There is some dissent about the location for additional laundry sinks and this will need to be addressed. Electricity available: Yes, all houses are connected to the UNELCO electricity supply. We need to determine if the existing new facility has light. Solid waste management: There is municipal rubbish collection every 2 to 3 weeks. Rubbish is left in plastic bags at the road side. The contracted NGO should work with the community and provide materials to build and consistently use rubbish stands before they can receive a refurbished facility. Maintenance and repairs required to the new facility; Addition of children’s hand-washing basins

Turn-on adult hand-wash basins (water supply was cut off to these); Major work required is an extension to allow 1 universally accessible toilet/shower; Acid clean-up of calcium build-up inside toilet bowls; Replace toilet seats where missing; Permanent rubbish bins for sanitary napkins and toilet paper are needed in all toilets; Repairs doors and door frames where broken with hardwood or stainless steel; Add hooks to backs of doors.



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Major refurbishments required to the old facility;

Toilets and showers do not currently function. There is a men’s side with 2 toilets and 2 showers and a women’s side with 2 toilets and 2 showers;

Replace toilets and all shower pipes and equipment; Lay new pipe so that all pipe is external (not buried in concrete) and easily accessible for

repairs; Use improved quality shower taps so they last longer; Build adult and children’s hand-washing sinks. Ensure there is a soap holder with

drainage; Replace doors and windows and frames. Add hooks to backs of doors; Replace lighting fixtures and add where required; Air blast concrete walls and floors; Formerly there were 2 laundry sinks but these have been pulled out. This area is next to

an unused facility office. The space where the laundry sinks were formerly located plus the unused facility office space could be used to build a universally accessible toilet/shower and a children’s toilet;

Build a bank of laundry sinks running perpendicular to the facility; Replace septic tank. Will require new liner; Rebuild soakaways showers and laundry sinks; Permanent rubbish bins for sanitary napkins and toilet paper are needed in all toilets; There is a need for improved management of solid waste within the community; Provide a simple design and materials for construction of road-side rubbish platforms.

Seaside Futuna – refurbishment of existing communal sanitation facility General information: Community established in early 1960’s. There is an existing sanitation facility with 3 toilets and 3 showers and 6 laundry sinks. There is a need for more toilets and showers but very limited space to expand the facility. This requires a technical assessment. UNELCO water supply available: There is one shared water tap that serves the entire community and this same water line reaches the existing communal facilities. It will be important to ensure there are hand washing sinks located with the toilets. The stand-pipe needs a proper soakaway. Road Access: The current septic tank is accessible. It was emptied in March 2014 at a cost of 30,000 vatu. The previous delude was 3 years earlier. Population density: 150 to 175 persons. Approx. 25 households with avg. 6 to 7 persons/HH. Persons with Disability: Futuna - There is 1 single, female, adult, approximately 30 years of age, with a physical disability, who needs a wheelchair, which will be provided by VSDP. Currently she baths in her room with water brought in a bucket. If a universally accessible facility is built, she will require assistance to travel the 7 metres in her chair to reach the location of the current facilities. There is very limited space to build a universally toilet shower in Futuna, further discussion with the community is needed on this point. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: The existing facility located on block 11/0C33/015 registered to Futuna Trust. There is very limited space to extend the existing



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facility and no space for a second facility. There is a small patch of common ground adjacent to the facility, where the community might be willing to encroach on this for the construction of a universally accessible toilet shower. There is no space for residents to build private facilities. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: Community has been running communal toilets since 1974 and the existing toilet shower facility was built in 1984. There is a newly elected committee, serving a 2-year term, responsible for collecting fees to cover the water bill. It will be necessary to establish a ‘sub-committee’ comprised of women will be trained on OCSFM of the new facility. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: Currently there is 1 shower for men, 2 showers for women and 1 male toilet, 1 female toilet and 1 children’s toilet for approximately 150-175 people. The facility is very run down, septic tank smells, soak aways over-flow, roof leaks. Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: All community members are from Futuna and this helps sustain harmony. A community committee is established and collects 1500 vatu/month/household. This is the new rate; previously each HH paid Vatu 3000/quarter to cover the water bill when it arrived. Now the committee is trying to save some money for repairs and to improve the soakaways. The community has its own builders and repair men, they lack resources for building materials. It may be viable to simply provide building materials for the refurbishment and let the community carry out the work themselves. This question can be explored further with the community members. Electricity available: There is an existing electricity supply for the community. Solid waste management: Municipality collects rubbish every 2 to 3 weeks. There was a road-side stand but this was washed away during a heavy rain. Mostly people hang plastic rubbish bags or rice bags in the tree at the road-side. Recommend the community be given posts and concrete to build road-side rubbish stands. They must build these and consistently use them before the toilet shower facilities are refurbished. Need to discuss implications with PVMC as they want to reintroduce 100 vatu yellow bags for collection. Seaside Futuna Refurbishments needed:

Replace doors with aluminum doors or sturdy hardwood doors and replace frames; Hang hooks on inside of doors; Remove window frames and use air brick in place at windows; Replace pipes and taps in showers; Provide better quality, long-lasting taps; Keep all pipes external so fully accessible; Dig soakaway outside laundry area much deeper and fill with coral; Replace roof sheeting over laundry, showers and toilets; Air blast all concrete and repaint; Build 1 hand-washing sink for adults and 1 for children outside toilets. Ensure there is a

draining holder for soap; Rebuild soakaway for standpipe at front of community near the road-side; Build a second soakaway and standpipe at front of community near the road-side; Provide materials for construction of road-side rubbish platforms; Replace existing toilet bowls (they are from 1972);



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Technical assessment is required to determine if there is space enough for a universally accessible toilet/shower to be built;

There is a need for improved management of solid waste within the community; Provide a simple design and materials for construction of road-side rubbish platforms.

Blacksands Tongariki – construction of new CSF facility General information: Blacksands Tongariki community est. in 1970’s. This is a community of 120+ people, about 24 houses in a very crowded block. UNELCO water supply available: Yes there are 3 UNELCO taps in the community, 2 private and 1 communal. People pay 100 vatu for a 44L blue plastic drum of water from the community tap. Road Access: The current location of the community toilets is at the back of the community. This is the recommended location for a CSF facility. There is a road running behind the community where a septic truck could access. Population density: 120+ persons. 24 households with an average 5 persons/house. Persons with Disability (PWD): There are 5 PWD in Blacksands Tongariki; 2 with vision impairment, 2 elderly persons, a male and a female, requiring crutch for mobility, 1 person with an intellectual disability. All are using the bush toilets and therefore will be able to reach the same site for the proposed new facility. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: The land is custom land, owned by Kalpilelu family Ifira landowners who have let the Tongariki people stay there rent free, with the understanding that they serve as care takers of the Presbyterian Church across the road. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: A system of water fee collection is already in place within the community. Currently there is a family in charge of collecting the Vatu 100 for drum water and paying the quarterly water bill. The female head of this family has this job, having recently taken over from another family. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: There are currently 7 bush toilets and 1 plastic shower room for 23 houses. 1 house has its own water tap and private flush toilet inside. The existing toilets are located beyond the rubbish pile and the pigs. The path to reach these toilets is littered with rubbish and is unsanitary. Female respondents tell us the floor boards get slippery within the toilets. It would be difficult for children and the elderly to navigate the paths, especially at night. Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: Currently there is a family in charge of collecting the Vatu 100 for drum water and paying the quarterly water bill. The female head of this family has this job, having recently taken over from another family. So a system of water fee collection is in place within the community. The majority of community members are from Tongariki and this helps to support harmony and cooperation. Electricity available: Yes there is UNELCO electricity supply into the community.



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Solid waste management: There is no municipal pick-up. Nappies and sanitary napkins are thrown into the pit toilets or onto the rubbish pile. The rubbish pile is extremely high and looks to huge to burn. During heavy rains the rubbish gets washed down to the bathing laundry area. The rubbish will need to be carted away to the municipal dump and then a sustainable solid waste management plan put in place. Design Specifics:

2 male and 2 female showers (if space allows, if not 1 male and 2 female showers); 1 male toilet with urinal and 2 female toilets; 1 universally accessible toilet/shower; Adult and child hand-washing sinks; 5 to 6 laundry sinks; As with other facilities; use high quality shower taps, doors, provide hooks on inside of

doors, permanent rubbish bins, adequate lighting, and external pipes for easy repair. Waisisi – construction of 3 small, new CSF sanitation facilities General information: Community est. in 1970s. This community is on the right hand side of the road to the abattoir. The majority of the population are from Tanna and all are reported to be Presbyterian, or have converted upon arrival. Mele landowners have allowed Waisisi occupants to live rent free in exchange for serving as caretakers for the Presbyterian church. UNELCO water supply available: The community does NOT have UNELCO water supply, but the supply pipe runs right past their property. There are 2 rain water tanks, but only 1 functioning at present. When rainwater is available it used for drinking, otherwise all water comes from 4 open, underground wells located around the community. These well are not covered and 1 child of 9 months fell in and died last year. Also, the rubbish and pig manure and other contaminants wash into the open wells during heavy rains. Road Access: The original site the community suggested for a communal facility was right beside the road. This location is not central, and serves only the Church with its location. A subsequent meeting with Community Leaders identified that the community is divided into 3 subgroups and one multi-user facility could be built, operated and managed by each subgroup. 3 sites have been identified by the community and are accessible to the road. Population density: 300+ persons in 43 to 52 households (2 surveys received these figures). The community report there are 24 toilets throughout the community. Persons with Disability (PWD): There are 5 PWD in Waisisi; 2 persons with a physical disability and 3 elderly persons with mobility issues. One of the physically disabled is an adult male who uses crutches and is able to walk about, the other is an adult male who requires a wheelchair and VSDP are working to providing him with a chair. The community group where the wheelchair users reside should be supported to build a wheelchair accessible toilet/shower. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: The land is owned by Mele landowners Massai family. Land title 12/0822/107. The Massai family have approved of development of the community in terms of UNELCO water supply. There is a dispute between Chief Massai and Chief Poilapa. Chief Poilapa wants to do subdivisions in the area behind the Banyan tree and



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has asked some homes to relocate to the Church side of the Banyan tree. It would not be advisable to build sanitation facilities within the disputed area. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: The community already share electricity supply between 2 or 3 houses. They do not have UNELCO water supply and therefore have not yet grown accustomed to paying for water or sharing those costs. Female respondents were enthusiastic that the facility could become a small business for the women, who would set up a committee to maintain the facility. They envisioned that users would pay per use to cover the cost of water and repairs and light. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: All use bush toilets and there is one toilet per 2 households. When the toilets are full they are buried and a new pit is dug. The community originally wanted to put a communal facility next to the road beside the church. It is clear that such a facility would serve the church, it is not known if people will actually walk from their homes, across the open public area to use the facility every day. Also, the community may not be prepared to pay the high cost of water for everyday use. A more practical solution will be to support the community to build semi-private water seal toilets, where they could access their well water for use in the toilets. The community is organised into 3 groups, of approximately 100 persons per group. They would like participate in the construction of a multi-purpose multi-user facility for each group. These facilities would need 2 toilets (male CSF female) and 2 showers (male and female) and 2 laundry sinks to provide a 50:1 ratio. Each facility would be on its own meter and the community group would manage the facility and the finances. Waisisi have identified land for these smaller communal facilities and a letter has been submitted to UNELCO requesting the water supply. Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: Evidence of cooperation working together to maintain the Presbyterian Church. The community were very pragmatic and calm in the discussion that took them away from a shared singular facility. In fact they suggested the 3 smaller facilities which is supported by their community structure. Their leadership is present in the community and undisputed. Electricity available: Yes most homes have electricity. 2 to 3 houses share 1 electricity metre. Solid waste management: There is no municipal pick-up and there is no private pick-up. Nappies and sanitary napkins are buried in holes or thrown onto the rubbish pile. The rubbish is piled in the area behind the pit toilets and during heavy rains the rubbish gets washed into the open wells. The rubbish will need to be carted away to the municipal dump and then a sustainable solid waste management plan put in place. Design Specifics: 3 Sanitation facilities each requiring 2 toilets (male CSF female) and 2 showers (male and female) and 2 laundry sinks and adult and child hand-washing sinks. The facilities would require septic tank construction and soakaways for laundry and shower water. Each group could determine if they wish to use well water for a water seal toilet or use the UNELCO water supply for a flush toilet. Each facility would be on its own water meter and each community group would operate and manage its own facility and the finances.



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Tokyo Buninga – Improvements to semi-private sanitation facilities General information: The community of Tokyo Buninga began before independence around 1968, when one family member was employed as the Hotel Le Lagoon construction worker during construction of Le Lagoon. There are two main denominations in the community; Seventh Day Adventist and Presbyterian. There is a common meeting place a shelter that is used both for worship and community gatherings. Most community members are employed in low paid jobs such as hotel workers, house girls and most mamas engaged in 20vt sales at the roadside market. UNELCO water supply available: Yes, UNELCO is present in the community with 3 to 5 households sharing one tap. Each tap has its own metre and each household contributes to the bill payment. Bathrooms are shared by households and where there are no showers, water is fetched by bucket for bath. Road Access: There are septic tanks for the 4 water seal and 3 flush toilets. The community build a 3 chamber septic tank and when it is fill we dig a hole in the ground and bury the septic waste in the hole and cover it up. They use the same hole to bury multiple times. Population density: There are 150+ people in the community and 3 -10 people in one house. Persons with Disability (PWD): There are 5 PWD in Tokyo Buninga; 3 elderly persons, 1 intellectual impairment and 1 physically disabled person. The physical disabled person is an adult man, who lives independently and is able to walk without mobility aids. He has a somewhat deformed leg but can walk about. The elderly are 1 male and who uses crutches and 2 females who are still able to walk without mobility aid. They may need crutches or walker in the future. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: Tokyo Buninga land is under registered title 11/0Y12/057. Lands Department repossessed the land in the first quarter 2014 from the previous owners who owed back rent and penalties. Confirmation is needed from Lands Department. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: Yes, there is a general high willingness for OCSFM. Everybody seemed to agree on a user –fee paid system and a committee to be established to manage and clean the facility. However, discussions with leaders revealed that the preference is for semi-private facilities to be improved and constructed by the community. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: There are seven water meters in total with 3 to 5 households contributing to one water supply. There are 4 water seal toilets, 3 pit toilets and 3 flush toilets. The recommendation is to support the community with education and materials to ensure all are on water seal or flush toilets with hand washing sinks. There is a need for improved management of solid waste within the community. Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: Community has a common meeting place already where meetings and community functions are held. Community seem to have a good harmonious relation since every one of them from the same island and therefore same language.



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Electricity available: There is Electricity, each households pays an amount of 6000vt to 14, 000vt per month. Solid waste management: There is a private rubbish collector but charges 130vt per bag every Monday garbage is collected. Women find this charge fee expensive therefore garbage collection is sometimes shared between two women. Diapers are left on the roadside while leaves and organic rubbish are burnt. Municipal council is currently doing awareness in the community on the yellow bags. Design specifics:

The recommendation is for an architect to work with the NGO to develop simple designs for flush toilets using septic tanks, showers and washing sinks;

There are a very few elderly people in the community with mobility issues. Designs should consider accessibility and avoid steps up into toilets and showers;

There is currently no one using a wheelchair in Tokyo Buninga; Provide a simple design and materials for construction of road-side rubbish platforms.

Ohlen Nabanga – improvements to semi-private sanitation facilities General information: Ohlen Nabanga is a relocated community with the majority of residents being from Tanna. The clear need within this community is for semi-private sanitation facilities. It is not recommended to build 1 communal facility as the community have already established water cost sharing between 4 and 5 households. UNELCO water supply available: There is one UNELCO water tap for every 4 or 5 households. Road Access: The community is situated around a main centre with road access into the centre and there is a back road which can reach most houses located at the backside of the community. Population density: 150+ persons. 26+ houses with an average of 5-8 persons per house. Availability of suitable and uncontested land: The land immediately around the nabanga tree is deemed as public green space. People live in blocks, some of which have been purchased and all are registered land titles 11/0J24/015 thru 019. Land is registered to Freshwind Ltd, which is a company under Caillard Kaddour (CK) Real Estate. CK has given their authorization for project activities on these blocks. Community willingness to operate and manage (OCSFM) the facility: 4 or 5 households are already sharing costs for UNELCO water supply. The recommendation is to provide materials and guidance to support the community to complete and/or build semi-private sanitation facilities that will be used by 4 or 5 households. Lack of existing sanitation facilities: We observed about 7 toilets built with septic tank plus 2 partially built toilet shower blocks. The community has a mix of bush, water seal and flush toilets. The actual toilet count is not confirmed, may be about 12.



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Evidence of existing cooperation mechanisms within the community: The community are very good at construction, with partial built concrete homes under construction. They know how to build their own water toilets and showers. They have space for building semi-private toilet showers. They want semi-private toilet/showers. Perhaps the project could provide the materials and focus on solid waste management and hygiene practice Electricity available: Yes, most houses have access to electric through shared meter. Solid waste management: There is no municipal collection. Rubbish is thrown into the river gorge. This practice was stopped during the dengue outbreak. At that time, on advice from Red Cross, the community began sorting their rubbish and stockpiling their tin waiting for the counsellor to arrange a private collection. Now that dengue has subsided the practice of dumping all rubbish into the river gorge has continued. Design Specifics: The recommendation is for an architect to work with the NGO to develop simple designs for water seal and flush toilets, both using septic tanks. Hand-washing sinks need to be included in the design.



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ANNEX 2a. List of National Stakeholder Consulted 2011 – 2014.

Name Title Agency Mr. Albert Williams Director Department of Environmental Protection and

Conservation. Ms. Touasi Tiwok Senior Principal Officer Department of Environmental Protection and

Conservation. Mr. Trinison Tari Senior Education &

Information Officer Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation.

Mr. Livo Mele Acting Director General Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries. Mr. Moses Amos Director Department of Fisheries Mr. Sompert Gereva Fisheries Biologist Department of Fisheries Mr. Erickson Sammy Hydrogeologist Department of Geology, Mines & Water

Resources Mr. Morris Stephen Senior Water Technician Department of Geology, Mines & Water

Resources Mr. Jerry Sampson Physical Planner Department of Local Authorities - Physical

Planning Unit Mr. Salesa Nihmei Manage, Climate &

Services Vanuatu Meteorological Service

Mr. Paul Gambetta Senior Cartographer Department of Lands Mr. George Borugu Director Department of Tourism Mr. Job Esau Wate Director Natural Disaster Management Office Mr. Francis Hickey Coordinator, Traditional

Resource Management Program

Vanuatu Cultural Centre

Mr. Richard Shin Resident Archaeologist Vanuatu Cultural Centre Mr. Andre Latipu Acting Director Department of Public Works Ms. Uravo Nafuki Environmental & Social

Impact Officer Engineering Support Unit

Department of Public Works

Mr. Ernest Lekelowia Assistant Secretary General

Shefa Provincial Government

Ms. Emil Mael Physical Planner Shefa Provincial Government - Physical Planning Unit

Ms. Shirley Laban Environmental Health Officer

Environmental Health Section

Mr. Pokoa Rarua Environmental Health Officer

Environmental Health Section

Mr. Austin Leo Maintenance Officer Wastewater Treatment Plant, Vila Central Hospital

Ms. Anthea Toka Secretary General Vanuatu Association of NGOs (VANGO) Dr. Chris Bartlett Climate Change Technical

Advisor to Vanuatu GTZ Pacific Island Regional Program Adaption to Climate Change

Mr. Peter Kelly Transport Sector Coordinator

AusAID

Mr. Marc Leopold Fisheries Scientist Institue de Recherche por le development (IRD) Ms. Sarah Mecartney Pacific Habitat Program

Manager UN Habitat

Ms. Angelika Planitz Sub regional Coordinator Pacific

UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Mr. Michael Poustie PhD candidate and Monash University Australia



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Researcher Water Quality Mr. Paul Smith General Manager Vanuatu Abattoirs Limited Mr. John Urvaru Chief Engineer Le Lagon Resort Mr. Wilson Aru Chief Engineer Palms Resort Ms. Katie Thomson Volunteer US Peace Corps - Reef Check Program



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ANNEX 2b. List of Community Workshops, Meeting and Discussion with CSF Project.

Community Consulted

Date of Consultation

Purpose of Meeting Attendees

Black Sands Tongoariki

16th June 2014

Community Profiling Assessment & Survey

Kaka Dick, Morris Esau, Yanick Ben, Steven Masong, Willie Kala Tom, Santhy Tom, Sandy Toara, Kalo Bel, Jimmy Toara, Seule Kalo, Albert Kalo, RoseBert M, Thompson Tom, Jimmy Kalo, Joseph Tom, Daniel Raru, Kenneth Esau, Mahit Esau, Daniel Masong, Remo ALbert Tom Alan Dick,Roger Dick,James,Andrew Dick,Sandy,Pakoa,Mark Tarinu;Yanick Malau,Daniel Jimmy,Joseph Wap,Jimmy Mark,Eddie Daniel,Mark Tom,Samuel Mark,Kalo Timothy,Dick Obed,Joel Mau, Obed TimothyFrank Timothy,Mike Obed,William Pakoa,Johson Graham,Song Kenneth,Willie Tom,Salee Tom, William Roy,Peter Rex,Willie Samuel,Terry Mark,Pako David

Tokyo Buninga

5th June 2014 Community Profiling

Assessment & Survey John Timothy Mero, Fred Pako, Joseph Siri, Donald Mero, Ali Sakakie, David Pakoa, Pacco Teube, Sam Ratu, Harharm Harry, Joseph Pakoa, Gogeru Seule, Langi Solomon, Joe Simeon

Black Sands Tongoa riki

9th June 2014 Meeting and

discussions Sabeth Kalo Chief Kenneth Essau

Seaside Paama

10TH June, 2014

Community Profiling

Assessment & Survey Elder Alex Mahit Talang Avock Vai Maki Susan Sam

Ohlen Nabanga

10TH June 2014

Meeting with Community leaders

Chief Joel Joseph Jimmy Nako Rosian Joel

Waisis 11th June 2014 Meeting with Community Leaders

Ohlen Nabanga

21 May 2014 Meeting with Women’s Group.

Rosian Joel, Mathen, Jenny Joseph, Esline Noel, Josephine Shem, Anna Takane, Katline Poporo, Edna Jimmy, Valontine Noel.

Black Sands Tongoariki

26th May, 2014 Meeting with Women’s Groups

Sabeth Kalo, Nerry Salep, Winnie Yanick, Lilly Kalo, Jinnie Esau, Marie Seule, Marie Remo, Nelly Dick, Florah Mahit, Winny Steven, Evelyn Bong

Tokyo Buningga

13th of May, Meeting with Women’s Marie Charlie, Vaina Berry, Asena Siri, Winnie Joe, Lillian Grem, Elymah



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2014 groups Thompson, Marie Ellen, Maria Ali, Rose Kalo, Carol Shem, aurdrey David, enneth Gramme, Lidia Mano, Rohse Joe, Fabiola Fracis Flor Sam, Fabiola Chris, esther Boe, Lilly Shem, Estalla James, Anna Pakola

Seaside Tongoa

10th May 2014 Meeting with Women’s groups

Laisa Obed, Leipunua Willie, Ruth, Selina Daniel, Irene Tom, Dorah Willie, Annie Moses, Floral Jack, Elsie Dick, Ruby Kuan, Leimpunua Tom, Alice Tom, Lucy Tom, Norah Karie, Anna Seule, Rinnie Alice, Mario Pako, Marie Timothy, Leimala Joel, Serah Berry, Lucy Kalo, Mary, Marie.

Seaside Futuna

6th May 2014 Meeting with women groups

Falma Lishi, Annie Wotu, Loise Tamakia, Kandy Lekai, Lapi Harry, Neomi Waju, Naurai, Leonie, Julia, Kittie, Inneth, Maeva Lekai, Bashil Woz, Rosina Tubi, Floria

Waisisi 21st May 2014 Meeting with Women groups

Ruth Tasi, Iamei Katrine, Evelyn Tom, Magdeline, Anna Keilly, Kloria Malikem, Leiman Moses, Meri Robert, Sewan Tawai, Esther Kawas, Rose Andrew.

Seaside Paama

30th April 2014 Meeting with women groups

Mari Jacob, Rosa Namel, Susan Sam, Massie Phillip, Emma Sam, Claudia Rason, Marah Godden, Letty, Rachel John, Lissie John, Marie Towia, Lein Alick, Rutha Sam, Nerry Godden, Netty Nagof, Mary Edward, Sarai Manuel, Belinda Aisinct, Lucy Frank, Rufina Makaki, Weisanole Kalsaur, Edna H, Irene Smith, Nelly Jack, Jennifer Johnson, Kaste Jimmy, Kinnah Avock, Elsie Bila, Martha Jack, Massi Dick.

Tokyo Buninga

13th March 2014

Community Profiling Steve, Bara, Erick, Keith, Nelson, Ralph, Gilbert, Celina, Naneth, Estella, Esther, Annie, Carol, Asel, Michel, Annie Timothy, Lillien Green.

Seaside Tongoa

11 March 2014 Community Profiling Mambo Daniel, Tom BERRY, Mane Pakoa, Dorah John

Seaside Futuan

11 March 2014 Community Profiling Lekai Jackson, Annie Wotu, Edwin Sael, Santo Wotu, Jack Nanupi, Lishi Taresa, Namkani Lekai, Retai Taresa, Laku Nalisa, Dick Netuoivi, Waka, Iawoi Saula



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ANNEX 3. CSF Rapid Environment Assessment (REA) – Sewage Treatment Checklist.

Instructions:

This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorisation form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environmental Specialist in a Regional Department.

This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklist and handbooks on (i) involuntary Resettlement, (ii) indigenous people planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

Answer the question assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Vanuatu: Port Vila Urban Development Project

SCREENING QUESTIONS Y/N REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the Project area

Densely populated? Y The project is located within the urban and peri-urban areas of Port Vila, Vanuatu largest town and it is the nation’s capital.

Heavy with development activities? Y Scale of Development activities is Pacific Island focused – however town is growing quickly.

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

N All Community Sanitation Facilities (CSF) terrestrial land based, located on highly modified land in urban environment.

Cultural Heritage Site? N

Protected Area? N

Wetland? N

Mangrove? N

Estuarine? N

Buffer Zone of Protected Area? N

Special Area for Protecting Biodiversity? N

Bay? N

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the project cause

Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

N

The CSF are not associated with any historic or cultural sites.

Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighbouring areas due to noise, smell and influx of insects,

N Upgrade existing community toilet units will improve management of these facilities.



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rodents etc?

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

N Not associated with the CSF.

Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

N The rehabilitation of existing and construction of new CSF will strictly manage all sewage waste through their management systems preventing any potential surrounding leakage or contamination.

Overflows and flooding of neighbouring properties with raw sewage?

N The up graded of the CSF waste water and sewage system is operated correctly and managed will prevent the release of untreated sewage.

Environmental pollution due to inadequate septage disposal or industrial waste discharge illegally disposed in sewers?

N Correct management will prevent this.

Noise and Vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

Y Increased site-specific noise will result from construction activities and use of machinery. Very site specific, localized and short lived.

Discharge of hazardous material into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger workers?

N Only waste water and sewage from the CSF will enter the sewage system at each site.

Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

N The CSF are small and location secured. No noise other nuisances are envisaged.

Social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

N Majority of construction workers local communities no conflict perceived. Scope of works small and shorted lived.

Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during raining season?

N CSF are not located nor associated with road systems and therefore have no impact on them. Excavation work not undertaken during the rainy season.

Noise and dust from construction activities?

Y Increased site-specific noise and dust will result from construction activities and use of machinery.

Traffic disturbance due to construction material transportation and wastes?

N Perceived as being very minor with all heavy machinery working within the Municipal guidelines (9am to 6pm).

Temporary silt runoff due to construction?

Y Perceived as being very minor and site specific. Only associated with the new CSF not rehabilitation of existing sites.

Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewage system?

N The projects design and correct management will prevent this.

Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate septage disposal or direct discharge sewage water?


Contamination of surface and ground waters due to septage disposal on land?


Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous material which maybe contained in sewage flow




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and exposure to pathogens in sewage and septage?


ANNEX 4. Threat Criteria and Consequence Scales CSF Risk Management.

Identification of Risk The risks identified for the subproject have been identified through the REA. Identified risks detailed in the REA and key environmental impact that related to site construction and operation are the only risks are evaluated for this project. Other potential risks that were deemed not relevant to the project and score zero environmental impact risk rating have not been included. Risk Analysis An important feature is the recognition of the fact that an event’s consequence extends beyond the environment. This methodology ensures that the full consequences of events are visible to risk owners and managers, and that community effects are considered, understood and treated. Each class of consequence is rated a score of 0-5. An analysis of each risk is undertaken to determine an environmental event’s likelihood of occurrence and its consequences. A five-level qualitative description of the likelihood and consequences for each risk enables a semi-quantitative method to be used to calculate a ‘score’ for each risk.

Consequence of Likelihood

Definitions for Consequences are shown in Table 1 and definitions for Likelihood are shown in Table 2 in Annex 4.

Calculation of Risk Level

Two levels of risk are used: The Primary Risk Level (PRL) is a conservative measure of risk, based on the most severe consequences across all the relevant criteria. PRL is calculated according to the equation: Primary Risk Level (PRL) = Likelihood Rating X Maximum Consequence Rating. The Secondary Risk Level (SRL) is a less conservative measure of risk, which incorporates all relevant criteria, not just the most severe ones. SRL is calculated according to the equation: Secondary Risk Level (SRL) = Likelihood Rating X Average Consequence Rating. In most circumstances PRL should be the preferred measure, as it is more conservative. Risk scores are banded into risk levels which provide a ‘plain English’ view of the risk. Scores will always be visible to enable prioritisation within bands. Table 3 shows the bands, their threshold values and indicative management action.

79

Selection and Application of Controls Two levels of controls can be applied: Standard Controls are the inherent set of controls set out initially in the IEE, The Additional Controls are applied in case where the Expected Residual Risk is above a set limit. Determination of Mitigation Measures Following the analysis of a risk it is necessary to investigate the options available for risk treatment and then determine the option/s that provides the greatest cost benefit. Risks may be treated in one or a combination of ways: a) Avoiding a risk by preventing the activity that leads to the risk eventuating; b) Reducing the likelihood of the risk eventuating; c) Reducing the consequences if the risk does eventuate; d) Transfer the risk; e) Retaining the risk.


Table 4. Risk Management Framework Risk Level 1 (very low) to 10 (very high)

Environmental

Aspect Description of Risk

Consequence Rating

Likelihood

Risk Level Controls Mitigation

Measures

Expected

Residual

Risk

Comments

Maximum Average High

(PRL)

Average

(SRL)

Standard/

Additional

Refer to

Section 5

Based on

successful

control

Environmental Impacts Associated with the Existing Site Location of the CSF Scope of Works.

Site close to or adjacent to any environmentally sensitive areas

No terrestrial nor marine sensitive areas within project area of influence.

Therefore Risk is non existent associated with the environmental sensitive areas therefore No environmental impacts.

0 0 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A No impacts at all

Environmental Impacts Associated with the Construction of the CSF Scope of Works.

Site contamination – land based hazardous materials used on site.

No contamination found during assessment.

Possible soil contamination at sewage disposal site – further assessment to be undertaken as part of SEMP for this site during construction.

Potential risk minor if managed correctly.

2 1 1 2

Very

Low

Risk

1

Very Low

Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

Audit

5.4 Low Risk Additional control provided

by DEPC by auditing the

project site on at least a

monthly basis. Expect a

residual low risk level.

Site contamination – land based hazardous material off site

Hazardous substances transported to site from landfill material (rock, soil), unlikely.

Potential risk unlikely, very minor if any environmental impact.

1 1 1 1

Very

Low

Risk

1

Very Low

Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.4 Very Low

Risk

No change

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Environmental


Consequence Rating

Likelihood


Measures

Expected

Residual

Risk

Comments


(PRL)

Average

(SRL)

Standard/

Additional

Refer to

Section 5

Based on

successful

control

Site Contamination - construction material

Construction material used during drainage and sewage disposal site up grading and replacement – including limestone aggregates, blue metal, sand, cement, steel & wood.

Construction material acquired from existing permitted sources.

Reuse CSF recycle construction material to reduce wastage and improve sustainability.

Potential risk very minor if managed correctly.

2 1 3 6

Medium

Risk

3

Low Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.8 Low Risk Low Risk level expected

with Standard Controls.

Site Contamination – Spoil and waste Disposal

Construction material disposed of in existing permitted locations.

Reuse CSF recycle construction material to reduce wastage and improve sustainability.

Potential risk very minor if managed correctly.

2 1 2 4

Low

Risk

2

Low Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.8 Low Risk No change

Site Contamination - land based sewage – septic systems.

Toxic release of sewage due to damage during construction at existing sites.

Potential Risk very low if managed correctly.

2 1 2 4

Low

Risk

2

Very Low

Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.8 Low Risk No Change

Site contamination -

Very limited freshwater associated with the CSF scope of works.

1 1 3 3 3

EMP

5.7 Low Risk No change

82

Environmental


Consequence Rating

Likelihood


Measures

Expected

Residual

Risk

Comments


(PRL)

Average

(SRL)

Standard/

Additional

Refer to

Section 5

Based on

successful

control

Fresh Water quality – turbidity CSF pollution

Limited surface water runoff on site during road and bund construction.

Storm water volume and sediment load potential to decrease during construction phase as a result of design.

Pollutants entering freshwater lenses very low as water contained within site, except in period of heavy rain.

Potential risk low if managed correctly.

Low

Risk

Low Risk SEMP

CEMP

Flora – terrestrial vegetation removal.

Site vegetation removed, limited to small area and small volume, predominately non-endemic grass and weeds

Cleared land to receive land fill/aggregate or cement.

Potential risk low, very site specific and minor if any environmental impact.

1 1 5 5

Medium

Risk

5

Medium

Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.4 Low Risk Potential low risk provided

standard controls applied.

Noise and Vibration _ Construction period.

Increase ambient noise level and ground vibration will occur during construction due to transportation of materials and construction machinery.

1 1 5 555

Medium

Risk

5

Medium

Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.6 Low Risk Risk can be reduced to

low, is standard controls

are used.

83

Environmental


Consequence Rating

Likelihood


Measures

Expected

Residual

Risk

Comments


(PRL)

Average

(SRL)

Standard/

Additional

Refer to

Section 5

Based on

successful

control

Restricted to 9 am to 5 pm daily and due diligence relating to noise suppression through maintenance of vehicles and machinery.

Potential risk low, very minor if any environmental impact.

Air Pollution – Construction period.

Increase ambient dust level and pollution will occur during construction due to transportation of materials and use of construction machinery.

Restricted to 9 am to 5 pm daily and due diligence using water suppression and covering of construction material during period of hot, dry and windy conditions.

Potential risk low, very minor if any environmental impact.

1 1 5 5

Medium

Risk

5

Medium

Risk

EMP

SEMP

CEMP

5.5 Low Risk Risk can be reduced to

low, is standard controls

are used.

Environmental Impacts Associated with the Operation of the CSF Scope of Works.

Cleaning and maintenance activities of the sewage septic systems.

All work undertaken on site – no impact on the surrounding communities.

Potential increase in

1 1 2 2

Low

2

Low Risk

EMP

SEMP

5.4, 5.8 Low Risk No change

84

Environmental


Consequence Rating

Likelihood


Measures

Expected

Residual

Risk

Comments


(PRL)

Average

(SRL)

Standard/

Additional

Refer to

Section 5

Based on

successful

control

ambient dust (air pollution) levels occurring during movement of waste products on site (septic pumps periodically at CSF during cleaning activities. Potential increase in noise levels if machinery is used.

All cleaning activities restricted to 9am to 5pm daily and due diligence using water suppression and covering of waste material during before disposal at designated waste reception locations.

Potential low risk, very minor if any environmental impact.

Risk CEMP


Table 5. Threat Criteria and Consequence Scales

Rating Capability CSF

Mission

Environment Community CSF

Sustainability

Safety

(Staff CSF Public)

Compliance CSF

Reputation

Financial

5

Cata

str

op

hic

All activities cease. No

resumption for at least

12 months. Major

unacceptable delays in

delivery of capability

occurring at critical

times. Unable to

conduct missions.

Failure to achieve

critical performance

goals.

A long term

environmental harm.

Permanent irreparable

damage is caused to

the environment.

Significant, extensive,

detrimental long-term

impacts on the community

or public health. Irreparable

damage to highly valued

structures or locations of

cultural significance or

sacred value. Permanent

and significant loss of

scarce environmental

resources.

Multiple fatalities,

large number of major

injuries or

occupational illness

(acute or chronic).

Public exposed to a

severe, adverse long-

term health impact or

life-threatening

hazard.

Sustained detrimental

national or state media

reports. Subject of

parliamentary committee

hearing. Sustained

community outrage.

Potential large-scale class

action or prosecution with

significant fine or

imprisonment.

Extreme

financial loss

(>$10m) to

remedy.

4

Majo

r

All normal activities

curtailed. No

resumption of normal

activities for between 6

- 12 months. Major

delays of capability

delivery but at non-

critical times. Unable to

conduct missions.

Failure to achieve

some performance

targets.

Significant

environmental damage

with widespread

impacts. Damage may

be permanent.

Significant detrimental

impacts on the community

or public health. Major

damage to highly valued



sacred value. Significant

loss of scarce

environmental resources.

Single fatality or

serious non-

recoverable injury,

several major injuries.

Permanent

disablement. Public

exposed to a hazard

that could cause

injuries or moderate

adverse health effects.

Numerous detrimental

national or state media

reports. Subject of a

number of parliamentary

questions or ministerial.

Organised community

concern. High profile legal

challenge or prosecution

with heavy fine.

Major

financial loss

($0.5-10m) to

remedy.

3

Mo

de

rate

Most activities affected.

No resumption of

normal activities for up

to 6 months. Significant

delays resulting in

some reduction in

performance.

Moderate violation of

regulation or guideline

with moderate damage

to the environment and

significant clean-up

cost.

Detrimental impacts on the

community or public health.

Damage to valued



sacred value. Loss of

scarce environmental

resources.

A number of safety

incidents requiring

treatment by a

physician. Exposure of

public to a hazard that

could cause minor

injuries or minor

adverse health effects.

Illness requiring

treatment.

Detrimental national or

state media reports.

Subject of parliamentary

questions or ministerials.

Community concerns and

complaints. Some legal

constraints imposed

minimal fine.

Moderate

financial loss

($0.05-0.5m)

to remedy.

86

2

Min

or

Modification to planned

activities can be

expected. Minor delays.

Minor performance

degradation.

Minor violation of

regulation or guideline

with minimal damage

to the environment and

small clean up.

Immediately contained

on-site.

Minor impact on the

community or public health.

Minor damage to valued



sacred value. Minor loss of


A number of safety

incidents requiring

treatment by a

qualified first aid

person. Exposure of

public to a hazard that

does not cause injury

or affect health

adversely.

Detrimental local media

reports. Subject of local

government action.

Random substantiated

complaints from the

community. Minor

technical legal challenge

or breach.

Minor

financial loss

($0.005-

0.05m) to

remedy.

1

Insig

nif

ican

t

Some minor

modification to planned

activities may be

necessary. Insignificant

delays. Negligible

performance impact.

Negligible release or

damage that is

contained on-site and

is non-reportable. The

damage is fully

recoverable with no

permanent impact on

the environment.

Negligible social impact.

Negligible damage to

valued structures or

locations of cultural

significance or sacred

value. Negligible loss of


Minor of safety

incidents only.

Negligible impact on

staff or the public. No

lost work time.

Possibility of detrimental

local media reports. Trivial

substantiated complaints

from the community.

Negligible legal impact or

breach.

Insignificant

financial loss

(<$0.005m)

to remedy.

0

Nil

No impact on

schedules.

No environmental

impact.

No social impact, damage

to valued structures or

locations of cultural

significance or sacred

value or loss of


No incidents. No impact. No cost

impact.

Table 6. Likelihood Table Rating LIKELIHOOD

The potential for risks to occur and lead to the assessed consequences 5 Almost

certain

Very high, may occur at least

several times per year

Probability over 0.8 A similar outcome has arisen several times per

year in the same location, operation or activity

4 Likely High, may arise about once per

year

Probability 0.5 - 0.8 A similar outcome has arisen several times per

year in Defence

3 Possible Possible, may arise about once

in a one to ten year period

Probability 0.1 - 0.5 A similar outcome has arisen at some time

previously in Defence

2 Unlikely Not impossible, likely to occur

during the next ten to twenty-five

Probability 0.04 -

0.1

A similar outcome has arisen at some time

previously in Defence, but action has been

87

years taken to reduce the chance of recurrence

1 Rare Very low, very unlikely during

the next twenty-five years

Probability less

than 0.04

A similar outcome has arisen world-wide.

Table 7. Risk levels and Management Action (example) Risk Level

(PRL or SRL) Descriptor Indicative Management Action

16-25 Extreme Immediate action required, senior management will be involved

9-15.9 High Senior management attention needed and management responsibilities specified for

further action

4-8.9 Medium Manage by specific monitoring or response procedures, develop more detailed

actions as resources allow

1-3.9 Low Manage by routine procedures, unlikely to need specific application of resources


ANNEX 5: Septic Tank Dimensions and Volumes of Aerobic Filter (Source: Vanuatu National Building Code)

Community CSF No of Persons

Mele-Waisisi 100

Blacksands 150

Seaside Futuna 200

Seaside Paama 200

Seaside Tongoa 300

89


ANNEX 6: Multi-Purpose Multi-User New Sanitation Facilities – Design Report and Layout Plans

Refer to separate volume


ANNEX 7: Updated Due Diligence Report for the Output C – Land Contribution Volunteered by the Community for the Proposed Communal Sanitation Facilities.

Refer to separate volume