Diapositive 1

Environmental Management of Vehicles

Responsible BusinessLittle test Link the keywords to the images !QualityLuxuryComfortSpeedDesignPowerPrestigeImageEco-friendlyClassSafetyPracticalCheapBudget-mindedReliabilityKeywords

Porsche 911

Volvo xc90

Volkswagen SharanToyota Prius

Range Rover Sport

Dacia Duster

Audi a5Social backgroundBrand imageOpinionStatusDesign

Anticipation + research = Succes !Elements which influence perception

Green label = Eco-labelGreen sticker GovernmentFlower logo (easy identification)EU Eco-label Best productsEco-labelTrustworthyEnsures qualityEnvironmental-friendly policyRapidly growing brand (benefits)Awarded after verification of standards

Green Label

Voluntary product labelEstablished in 1992Encouragement of green managementLabelsAwarded according to environmetal criteriaCriteriaWhole life cycleEU Eco-label

Life cycle

Trust is an issueRubber stamp labelsGreenwashingProblem Green stickers on consumer goods 1970sFocus on fuel consumptionNorth-American automobile industryMinimum emisson standard Fuel efficiency labelsEco-labels: 1992Encourage environmental-friendly products & servicesISO 14000International Organization for StandardizationStandards related to environmental management

History Life cycle thinking perspective

The over-exploitation of the raw materials due to the high demand of cars would lead to the depletion of non-renewable natural resources..

Environmental facts of vehiclesAir PollutionAir PollutantProportion from On-road Motor VehiclesEffectsOxides of Nitrogen (NOx)34%precursor to ground-level ozone (smog), which damages the respiratory system and injures plantsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOC)34%precursor to ground-level ozone (smog), which damages the respiratory system and injures plantsCarbon Monoxide (CO)51%contributes to smog production; poisonous in high concentrationsParticulate Matter (PM10)10%does not include dust from paved and unpaved roads, which are the major source of particulate matter pollution (50% of the total)Air PollutantProportion from On-road Motor VehiclesEffectsCarbon Dioxide (CO2)33%thought to be primary contributor to global warmingLead_Elevated lead levels can adversely affect mental development, kidney function, and blood chemistry. Young children are particularly at risk.Sulphur oxides (SOx) -_Combustion of petroleum products generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rainAir Pollution201. Local effects -e.g. poisoning humans breathing bad air.2. Regional effects - fallout from airborne pathogens - infections, particles, chemicals.3. Global effects - changing interactions between the atmosphere, oceans and the sun, weather effects, effects on plants and the ocean biosphere.

Air PollutionRunoff of oil, dirt, brake dust, deposited vehicle exhaust, road particles, automotive fluids, and de-icing chemicals from roadways and parking lots. Improperly or illegally disposed waste fluids, e.g. used motor oil. ResultsOil floats on top of water, less sunlight penetrates into the water, limiting the photosynthesis of marine plants and phytoplankton. Decreasing the fauna populations, Affects the food chain in the ecosystem.Water PollutionNoise PollutionPrimary source of noise pollution in urban environments Effects on WildlifeThe primary way people kill wildlife is by automobiles. It is estimated motor vehicles kill over a million animals in collisions every day in the US.

Other Types of PollutionGreen Alternatives On the MarketUses less petrolProduces cleaner and fewer emissionsRun on electricity or bio fuels

Green CarDiesel green carsEthanol carsNatural gasElectric carsHybrid carsDifferent car typesDiesel produces less greenhouse gases Produces black smoke (particulate matter)Better fuel mileage

Diesel CarsBiodiesel is blend of diesel and vegetable oilEvery existing diesel engine is capable of using biodiesel You can modify your diesel engines to run a fuel called straight vegetable oil SVO

Diesel Green CarsDiesel Pros and Cons+-Lower emissionVersatility: ability to switch between biodiesel and regular dieselCar selectionBetter mileage

Particulate matter and smogPriceCold weatherEthanol Cars+-Reduce of emissionsFuel versatility: Either E85 or regularPriceCar selectionLimited refueling stationsWheat-based fuel additiveE85 most popular (85 % ethanol 15 % gasoline)Bioadapter can be inserted into a new car

Natural and Bio Gas car+-Cleaner burningCars last longerPriceLimited refueling stationsCar selectionReduces range: CNG takes twice the space than gasolineCleaner-burning fossil fuel

Created mid-19th centuryUse electrical energy stored in batteries

Electric CarsElectric Car Pros and Cons+-significant reduction of air pollutionNoiselessreduced greenhouse gas emissionsNot depended on foreign oil

NoiselessDifficulties in storage batteriesPrice of the vehiclelack of public and private recharging infrastructureFull hybridsMild hybridCannot use electric motor aloneRuns both electric and gasolineCaptures energy when brakingAuto stop start Switches engine off at traffic lights

Hybrid CarsHybrid Pros and Cons+-Great mileageQuietSmooth rideRuns also on gasoline

BatteriesQuietPriceProduct Life Cycle in Green MarketingProduct Life Cycle in Green MarketingEU Directive on end-of-life vehicles says

ObjectiveFirst of all prevention of waste from vehiclesThen reuse, recycling of end-of-life vehicles and components

PreventionConception of vehicles with limited hazardous substancesDesign takes dismantling, reuse and recycling into accountUsage of more recycled materials 85% rate of reuse and recovery by 2006 95% rate of reuse and recovery by 2015 Product Life Cycle in Green MarketingProduct lifecycle in automotive industryManufacturing

Raw material

Operation

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) during whole automotive lifecycleProduct Life Cycle in Green MarketingJaguar Land Rover case study

Strategic environmental goals25% reduction in EU fleet CO2 by 201525% reduction in operational CO2 emissions by 201225% reduction in waste to landfill by 201210% reduction in water use by 2012Cars are designed to be 85% recycleable and 95% recoverable

Established takeback points in UK for old cars (cartakeback.com)

Jaguar XJ Body approximately 40% recycled aluminium30 kg of other recycled materialsBoot lid trim, rear seat trim board made from recycled polypropylene

Product Life Cycle in Green MarketingJaguar Land Rover case study

Some facts about manufacturing & distributionSince 2001 energy usage down by 57%Since 2001 water usage down by 71%Since 2001 waste down by 65%

Switched to rail distribution of new carsWithin 10 years 60 million truck miles safed

Product Life Cycle in Green MarketingJaguar Land Rover case study

Engaging customers on sustainabilityDealerships must display sustainable development policySustainability information in welcome packs for customersOffering CO2 offset programmesInvesting in projects to offset CO2 in other parts of the worldEnables customers to compensate emissions from using a Jaguar

Biomass energy project in BrazilGeothermal energy project in KenyaProviding efficient cooking stoves in Uganda

Free takeback service for old cars in the European Union (250 takeback points in UK)

RecyclingCar is taken to scrapyardSellable parts are taken off the carRecyclable parts are taken offThe car srap is crashed and sent to the shredderThe metallic components are separated by weight to heavier and lighter metals Separated metals are melted to ingots and sold

Automobile recyclingSteel and aluminium

Glasses, door handels

Tires

Tires are used in pavement basesWooden parts are burned to get energyGlass can be recycled over and over.Crashed material is melted and used again as a raw material to new products.

48Already recycled plastic partsManufacturers try not to use heavy metal partsTrunk floor, door panels etc. made from recycled leatherIn new cars

Second life of a car

Thank you for your attention !!