Environmental Issues in Environmental Issues in Animal Agriculture

Tamilee Nennich, Ph.D.D t t f A i l S iDepartment of Animal Sciences

Purdue University

IntroductionIntroduction

Water quality issues and regulationq y gCurrent regulationsNew and future regulationsNew and future regulations

Air quality issues and regulationCurrent regulationsNew and future regulationsg

NAQSAT

IntroductionIntroductionWhat are the greatest actual environmental

concerns from animal agriculture?

Which environmental regulations would be the d i i l i l ? most damaging to animal agriculture?

Water QualityWater QualityFederal regulationsNational pollutant discharge elimination system

(NPDES) permitsp

Federal CAFO NPDES ruleRevised rule released in October 2008Revised rule released in October 2008

The EPA requires states to meet their rules or lose the ability to permit anything under NPDES

States may have more stringent rules

Water QualityWater Quality

Indiana Department on Environmental pManagement (IDEM)EPA still has oversightEPA still has oversight

Indiana regulations –Water QualityNPDES permits Confined feeding operations (CFO) permitsg

Water QualityWater QualityWater Quality Permits Indiana Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

(CAFOs)321 IAC Article 15, Rule 15≥ 700 dairy cattle; ≥ 2500 swine (55 lbs & greater)

Confined Feeding Operations (CFOs)327 IAC Article 16, Rule 1≥ 300 dairy cattle, ≥ 600 swine

These rules are in the process of being revisedp f g

Indiana NPDES PermitsIndiana NPDES PermitsBeing revised to accommodate federal revisionsNPDES permits only required if an operation

discharges or proposes to discharge

Is having a lagoon/storage d l t pond a proposal to discharge?

Indiana NPDES PermitsIndiana NPDES PermitsBeing revised to accommodate federal revisionsNPDES permits only required if an operation

discharges or proposes to discharge

General versus individual permits?Ge e a e sus ua pe ts?

Indiana NPDES PermitsIndiana NPDES PermitsBeing revised to accommodate federal revisionsNPDES permits only required if an operation

discharges or proposes to discharge

General versus individual permits?Ge e a e sus ua pe ts?

Sh ld CFO l ti b t i t t Should CFO regulations be stricter to cover operations opting out of NPDES permits?

Indiana CFO PermitsIndiana CFO PermitsAreas of concern in proposed CFO rulesSoil phosphorus levels – 200 ppm thresholdPhase-in period

Nitrogen – calculating N availabilityMortality managementy gAcreage area needed for applicationGroundwater storm water and tile line Groundwater, storm water and tile line

samplingN li i d/f dNo application to snow-covered/frozen ground

New Water Quality RegulationsNew Water Quality Regulations

Federal rulesOil pollution prevention; Spill prevention, control,

and countermeasure (SPCC) rule( ) Facilities must prepare and implement a plan by Nov. 10,

2011. (Delay for dairy operations)( y y p ) Plan necessary for above ground storage of 1,320 gal or

below ground storage of 42,000 gal

Water Quality RegulationsWater Quality RegulationsPotential future issuesWhat is the smallest operation size that

should be regulated?g

Water Quality RegulationsWater Quality RegulationsPotential future issuesShould manure application by third-party

sources be regulated?gWhat about satellite lagoons?

Air Quality Air Quality Air quality is not currently regulated on a

i l b inational basisReporting requirementsp g qBased on requirement to report if ammonia emissions

are ≥100 lbs/dayyEPCRA – Emergency Planning and Community

Right-to-Know ActRight to Know ActLarge CAFOs are required to reportLivestock is exempt from CERCLA reportingLivestock is exempt from CERCLA reporting

Air Consent Agreement

Air Quality Issues Air Quality Issues

Which air quality issue is the greatest q y genvironmental concern in animal agriculture?

Regulation of which air quality issue would be the most serious for animal agriculture?

New Air Quality Regulatory ConcernNew Air Quality Regulatory Concern

Particulate matter (PM10)( 10)Possible revision of National Ambient Air Quality

Standards (NAAQS)( Q ) Proposal to lower from current standard from 150 μg/m3

to 65-85 μg/m3g Should be based on human health risks

Air Quality Issues Air Quality Issues

Dust/PM regulationgGHG regulationsCarbon footprintCarbon footprint

Ammonia emissionsOdorVOCVOCHydrogen sulfide

Laying hen, turkey & broiler chickenDairy

Swine Beef feedlot

NAQSAT EducationNAQSAT Educationhttp://naqsat.tamu.edu/

LPE Learning Center WebcastsgAugust 20, 2010 – Beef and DairyOctober 15 2010 – Swine and PoultryOctober 15, 2010 – Swine and PoultryArchived presentations

Future Issues for Animal AgriculturegWater quality regulationRegulation of smaller operationsRegulation of smaller operationsPhosphorusB t i h tBacteria, hormones, etc.

Air quality regulationhGreenhouse gases (GHG)

Dust and PMAmmoniaOdor

What does the future hold?

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?