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13TH SESSION OF THE WORKING GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, 17-19 MAY 2010, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND TRANSBOUNDARY
CONTEXT OF MONGOLIACONTEXT OF MONGOLIADr. D. DORJSUREN, Secretary General, National
Water Committee Ministry Nature Environment andWater Committee, Ministry Nature, Environment and Tourism (MNET), Mongolia
MONGOLIA IN GLANCEMONGOLIA IN GLANCEArea: 1,565,000 sq. kmP l i 2 700 000Population: 2,700,000 Capital: Ulaanbaatar (population: 1000,000)Religion: Buddhist MuslimReligion: Buddhist, MuslimLife Expectancy: 61 yearsGDP per capita: $1825 (2009)p p $ ( )Location: Landlocked between the Russian Federation and thePeople’s Republic of China.Life style: Nomadic civilization up to now in the classic form butmore than a half of its population live in cities. One third of the totalpopulation is overcrowded in the capital city Ulaanbaatarpopulation is overcrowded in the capital city Ulaanbaatar.
EIA SYSTEM IN MONGOLIA
D i 1993 1994 ADB dDuring 1993-1994, ADB sponsored a Technical Assistance Project- EIA capacity building project and commenced EIA systembuilding project and commenced EIA system in Mongolia.
In 1998 approved first EIA Law by the Parliament Mongolia. On the based this law, conducted more than 10 special guidelinesconducted more than 10 special guidelines relating EIA system by MNE experts.
In 2002, has approved new amendments to the EIA Law and improved legal system of p g yEIA.
EIA S MEIA SYSTEM IN MONGOLIA
EIA STAGES
GENERAL EIA (Screening Process)Mi i t f N t d E i t d L lMinistry of Nature and Environment and LocalGovernment Office must to complete screening p g
DETAILED EIA ( EIA and EIS )A th i d ( li d ) E i t l C lti C iAuthorized (or licensed ) Environmental Consulting Companies
must to complete EIA for the Proposed Projects
GENERAL EIAGENERAL EIA (screening) DECISION TYPE
REJECT PROJECT
APPROVE PROJECT WITHOUT EIA
REQUERE DETAILED EIAREQUERE DETAILED EIA
STEPS FOR EIA
P j t P l S b i i bProject Proposal Submission by Project ProponentS i f MNEScreening of MNE Reject Project, General EIA with some
condition and detailed EIA requiredcondition and detailed EIA requiredDetailed EIA by Consulting company
authorized by MNEauthorized by MNEReview by MNEDecisionDecision Implementing Control by Inspectors
EIA FRAMEWORK
Framework of EIA Completion
Environmental Baseline Information
Project Alternatives
Environmental Impact Predictions
Impact Assessment and Mitigation measuresImpact Assessment and Mitigation measures
Risk Assessment
Environmental Protection (management) Plan
Environmental Monitoring Programg g
Relating Appendixes
P bli i i f l l id t d d i itPublic opinion of local residents and admin. units
Other Relevant Informations
EIA PROCEDURE DEVELOPMENT
Main priorities:Main priorities:
Improvement EIA (amend SEA issues ) law and Improvement EIA (amend SEA issues ) law and Regulations
Improve EIA quality control systemEIA M th d l i t d St d d EIA Methodology improvement and Standard (specially, Transboundary Impacts)
Public participation procedure Public participation procedure
TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Desertification and land degradationD f t ti l ti t b d fi Deforestation relating transboundary fire
Pollution of Transboundary Rivers Yellow Sand Storms Yellow Sand Storms Cumulative impacts of mining and other industries
locating in the border zonesg Transboundary transport of coal, oil and other mineral
production Migrotary species: Birds, gazelle,wild camel
LAND DEGRADATION
MINING is one of the rapidly growing and leadingp y g g gindustry branches in Mongolia that cause substantial landand soil destruction.
Land degradation brings substantial impacts onagricultural production, especially crop yield and animalproduction.
DESERTIFICATION
More than 40% of the territory areid d d darid and deserted
70% degraded at certain rate 90 % of the total territory are 90 % of the total territory are
subject to desertification.
DEFORESTATION
The current total forested area inM li i 13 illi h t l tMongolia is 13 million hectares equal to8.1 percent of the total land.
Some 1.0 million ha. of forest havebeen lost between 1974 and 2006 dueto fire (some of them Transboundaryto fire (some of them Transboundarycharacter), overgrazing, miningactivities, improper as well as illegall ilogging.
WATER POLLUTION ANDTRANSBOUNDARY RIVERTRANSBOUNDARY RIVER
Most of Rivers flows to the outside of border to Russia andChina (Selenge river to BaikalL k Kh l Ri t thLake, Kherulen River to theDalai Lake China or they aretransboundary )transboundary )
Main causes of River Pollution
Panning in the Tuul River
Red muddy water released by Ninjas Red muddy water released by Ninjas
TRANSBOUNDARY EIA DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEAST ASIAEAST ASIA
Mongolia, China and Korea involvement ESPOO convention Or develop some North East Asian Convention or
Commission on Transboundary EIACommission on Transboundary EIA Review of Adequacy of Environmental Information of
NEA Countries Develop EIA for Projects Yellow Dust Storm and
Transboundary Water Control System Environmental Quality Standard Selection Environmental Quality Standard Selection Announcement System of Transboundary Impacts to
the Neighboring Country Appointment of Leading organization and location of
Transboundary EIA in NE ASIA