ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank · 2016. 7. 14. · ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Of project " BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER ... 4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE

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TIN NGHIA CORPORATION

AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BOARD

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

IN THE DONG NAI, NHUE-DAY RIVER BASINS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Of project

" BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER

TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY OF

2000 M3/DAY AT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL

ZONE-PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)"

DONG NAI, NOVEMBER 2013

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AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BOARD

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

IN THE DONG NAI, NHUE-DAY RIVER BASIN S

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Of project

" BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER

TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY OF

2000 M3/DAY AT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL

ZONE-PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)"

DONG NAI, NOVEMBER 2013

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….1

1. PROJECT ORIGIN ........................................................................................... 1

1.1. General introduction to the sub-project of industrial pollution management in

the Dong Nai, Nhue - Day river basins ................................................................. 1

1.2. Summary and description of the component No 2 – Central wastewater

treatment plant ..................................................................................................... 3

2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE 3

3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES ........................... 5

3.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment ........................................ 5

3.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment......................................... 6

3.3. The environmental standards and regulaions ................................................. 8

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS ......................... 9

5. IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION ..................................................... 10

CHAPTER 1: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................ 12

1.1. PROJECT OWNER ..................................................................................... 12

1.2. PROJECT LOCATION ............................................................................... 12

1.3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTVITIES ................................ 15

1.3.1. Objectives of construction of wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc IZ 15

1.3.2. Requirement on input and output of waste water treatment plant .............. 16

1.3.3. Drainage and wastewater collection system .............................................. 18

1.3.4. Description of wastewater treatment technologies .................................... 19

1.3.5. Sludge Treatment Technology .................................................................. 39

1.3.6. Traffic system .......................................................................................... 40

1.3.7. System of hazardous wastes management at An Phuoc Industrial Zone .... 41

1.3.8. Risk Management in An Phuoc Industrial Zone ....................................... 43

1.4. TOTAL INVESTMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF

COMPONENT No 2 ............................................................................................ 44

1.4.1. Investment budgets ................................................................................... 44

1.4.2. The Project Implementation Plan.............................................................. 44

CHAPTER 2: NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................... 46

2.1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 46

2.1.1.Geographical conditions ............................................................................ 46

2.1.2.Hydrological Conditions ........................................................................... 47

2.1.3.Climate ..................................................................................................... 48

2.1.4.Environmental State .................................................................................. 53

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2.2.BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 56

2.2.1.Mangroves ................................................................................................ 56

2.2.2.Phytoplankton and zooplankton................................................................. 57

2.2.3.Benthos ..................................................................................................... 63

2.3.SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ........................................................... 65

2.3.1.The Economic Development ..................................................................... 65

2.3.2. The Social Development .......................................................................... 67

2.3.3. Sensitive areas affected by the Wastewater Treatment Project at An Phuoc

Industrial Zone ................................................................................................... 68

CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................. 69

3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES .............................. 69

3.2. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LOCATION ............... 69

3.3. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ...... 70

3.4. SELECTION OF SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ................... 76

CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................ 82

4.1. IMPACT SOURCES, OBJECTS AND SCALE .......................................... 82

4.1.1.Construction Phase .................................................................................... 82

4.1.2.Operation Phase ........................................................................................ 86

4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................... 87

4.2.1.Construction Phase .................................................................................... 87

4.2.2.Operation Phase ...................................................................................... 101

4.2.3. Risk and Accident Impacts ..................................................................... 111

4.2.4. Socio-economic Impacts ........................................................................ 113

4.2.5. Cumulative impacts ................................................................................ 114

4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE USED EIA METHODS

............................................................................................................................ 119

CHAPTER 5: MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE NEGATIVE

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ............................................................................... 121

5.1. LAND CLEARANCE PHASE ................................................................... 121

5.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................ 121

5.2.1. Air Pollution Control .............................................................................. 121

5.2.2. Water Pollution Control ......................................................................... 122

5.2.3. Soil Contamination Control .................................................................... 123

5.2.4. Traffic Control ....................................................................................... 123

5.2.5. Public Health and Socio- economic Development Protection ................. 123

5.2.6. Solid Waste Management ....................................................................... 123

5.2.7. Risk Mitigation ...................................................................................... 124

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5.3. OPERATION PHASE ................................................................................ 125

5.3.1. Air Pollution Control .............................................................................. 125

5.3.2. Water Pollution Control ......................................................................... 127

5.3.3. Soil contamination control...................................................................... 129

5.3.4.Negative Environmental Impacts on Ecosystems and Socio-economic

Development .................................................................................................... 129

5.3.5. Risk Impacts Control .............................................................................. 130

5.3.6. Risk Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase ........................................ 130

CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................... 134

6.1. MITIGATION OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .......... 134

6.1.1. Mitigation Measures Performance Plan .................................................. 134

6.1.2.Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport

program ........................................................................................................... 150

6.2. TRAINING PROGRAM ............................................................................ 151

6.3. COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PROGRAM ............................................................................ 152

CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ......................................................... 154

7.1. GOALS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION .................................................. 154

7.1.1. Appraisal Agency ................................................................................... 154

7.1.2. The Project Owner ................................................................................. 154

7.1.3. Consulting Agency ................................................................................. 154

7.1.4. The People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Union ............................ 154

7.1.5. The Affected Public Communities .......................................................... 154

7.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES ............................................... 155

7.3. RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION .............................................. 155

7.3.1. .Results of Public Consultation ............................................................... 155

7.3.2. Opinions of Local Government .............................................................. 157

7.4. PUBLIC INFORMATION DISCLOSER .................................................. 158

7.5. COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT OWNER ...................................... 158

7.5.1. Undertaking Measures for Adverse Impacts Mitigation .......................... 159

7.5.2. Commitment for Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures

and Provisions .................................................................................................. 159

APPENDICES

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1. The enterprises has leased land in An Phuoc IZ ......................................... 16

Table 1.2. Coefficient Kf regulated in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT ................................ 16

Table 1.3. Requirement on the quality of treated wastewater ..................................... 17

Table 1.4. The machinery and equipment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone WWTP ........ 26

Table 1.5. Table of internal building line ................................................................... 40

Table 2.1.Measurement results of Nuoc Trong stream hydrological conditions

.................................................................................................................................. 48

Table 2.2. Resultsof air quality analysis ..................................................................... 53

Table 2.3. Results of water quality analysis ............................................................... 54

Table 2.4. Results of groundwater quality analysis .................................................... 55

Table 2.5. Resultsof soil quality analysis ................................................................... 56

Table 2.6. Phytoplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations.......... 57

Table 2.7. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations ..................................................................................................... 59

Table 2.8. Composition and percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the surface

water sampling locations............................................................................................ 59

Table 2.9. Zooplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations ............ 60

Table 2.10. Composition and distribution of zooplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations ..................................................................................................... 62

Table 2.11. Composition and distribution of zooplankton proportion in the surface

water sampling locations............................................................................................ 62

Table 2.12. Results of benthos analysis ...................................................................... 63

Table 2.13. Results of benthos composition and density analysis ............................... 64

Table 3.1. Results of wastewater quality analysis in the wastewater treatment plant of

Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2011). .......................................................................... 74


Nhon Trach 3 IZ (November 2011) ........................................................................... 75

Table 4.1. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases .................................................................................................... 82

Table 4.2. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases .................................................................................................... 83

Table 4.3. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Construction Phase ............................. 84

Table 4.4. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase ..... 86

Table 4.5. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase

.................................................................................................................................. 86

Table 4.6. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Operation Phase .................................. 87

Table 4.7. Air Pollution Loads and Concentration Caused by the Transportation of

Construction Materials ............................................................................................... 89

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Table 4.8. Noice levels from machinery and equipment located in 8 m distance from

the construction area ................................................................................................. 91

Table 4.9. Calculated results of noise level (dBA) during the construction phase ....... 92

Table 4.10. Calculated noise levels from construction activities . ............................... 93

Table 4.11. Noise level of the motor vehicles. ........................................................... 93

Table 4.12. Vibration level of a typical construction machinery ................................. 94

Table 4.13. The effects of air pollutants. .................................................................... 94

Table 4.15. Estimated pollution loads generated from untreated waste water in the

construction phase ..................................................................................................... 96

Table 4.16. Concentrations of pollutants in waste waters. .......................................... 96

Table 4.17. Pollution concentrations of waste waters arising from the process of

cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction phase. .... 97

Table 4.18. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in stormwater runoff. .................. 98

Table 4.19. Loss of construction materials ................................................................. 99

Table 4.20. Integrated environmental impact assessment in the construction phase . 101

Table 4.21. Estimated loads and concentrations of exhaust air emission pollutants

generated from the transportation means .................................................................. 102

Table 4.22. Bacterial density in the air at the wastewater treatment plant ................. 103

Table 4.23. Impacts of methane on the environment and human health .................... 104

Table 4.24. Impact of hydrogen sulfide on the environment and human health ........ 105

Table 4.25. Estimated pollution loads in untreated waste water in the project's

operation phase ........................................................................................................ 106

Table 4.26. Concentrations of pollutants in the waste water treatment plant ............. 106

Table 4.27. Summary of integrated environmental impacts in the operation phase ... 111

Table 4.29. Maximum pollution load which can be received by water body. ........... 116

Table 4.30. Calculated results of pollutant loads, which are available in the receiving

water body ............................................................................................................... 117

Table 4.31. Calculated results of the pollution load from An Phuoc Industrial Zone

discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream .................................................................. 117

Table 4.32. Carrying capacity of Nuoc Trong stream receiving the treated wastewater

discharging from An Phuoc Industrial Zone ............................................................. 119

Table 4.33.Summary of the reliability of the used EIA methods .............................. 119

Table 5.1. The inlet and outlet parameters of the central wastewater treatment plant

according to design: ................................................................................................. 128

Table 5.2. Treatment efficiency of IZ An Phuoc’s central wastewater treatment plant

................................................................................................................................ 128

Table 6.1. The agencies involved in the environmental management program ......... 134

Table 6.2. Summary of the environmental management program of projects in the

construction phase ................................................................................................... 137

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Table 6.3. Summary of environmental management programs in the project operation

phase WWTP ........................................................................................................... 143

Table 6.4. Summary of counter measures to minimize environmental risks of the

project ..................................................................................................................... 147

Table 6.5. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport

program in construction phase ................................................................................. 150

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1. Location map of An Phuoc Industrial Zone .............................................. 13

Figure 1.2. Location map of the wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc Industrial

Zone .......................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 1.3. Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s wastewater treatment plant 19

Figure 1.4. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology of An Phuoc Industrial Zone

.................................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 2.1. Monthly wind .......................................................................................... 52

Figure 2.2. direction and frequency at Bien Hoa station ............................................. 52

Figure 3.1. The proposed wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment

plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone ............................................................................. 70

Figure 3.2. Flow diagram of the wastewater treatment technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ

.................................................................................................................................. 73

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ABBREVIATION

AMSWW : Automatic Monitoring Stations Of Water Quality

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand

BTMMT : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

Co.Ltd. : Limited company

DO : Dissolved Oxygen

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

EU : Europe

HW : Hazardous Waste

IZ : Industrial Zone

ND : Not Detected

QCVN : National technical regulation

USA : The United States

WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant

WWTS : Wastewater Treatment System

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SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Project of Investment in construction and business of An Phuoc Industrial Zone

infrastructure in Dong Nai Province was allowed to establish by the Prime Minister in

accordance of the Official Letter No. 935/CP-CN on 14 July 2003. On the basis of the

legal document, the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province have issued the

Decision No. 457/QD-UBND on 24 February 2009 on the adjustment of An Phuoc

Industrial Zone Investor and nominated Tin Nghia Corporation as an investor of the

project.

With the permission of the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province, Tin Nghia

Corporation have implemented the related investment procedures, the detailed

construction adjustment plan with scale 1/2000 of An Phuoc Industrial Zone have been

officially approved on 02 June 2012 according to the Decisions No. 389/QD-UBND of

the People's Committee of Dong Nai province and Dong Nai Industrial Zones

Authority have certified the investment license on 04 September, 2012. At the same

time, Tin Nghia Corporation has collaborated with Nhon Trach 3 Company Ltd. to

make the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report for the project to submit the

state environmental management authorities for reviewing and approving as a basis for

developing and attracting investors into An Phuoc IZ. The main contents of the EIA

report for the project includes the following items:

I. Description about wastewater treatment technology, wastewater input and

output standard of An Phuoc IZ wastewater treatment plant

1.1. Description about wastewater treatment technology

(1). Mechanical treatment (pit pumps, oil separation tank, and an air conditioning)

Wastewaters from the factories in the industrial zone will collected to the pump pit of

the wastewater treatment plant. Wastewaters are separated by automatic garbage

separation equipment to remove the garbage, twigs etc. with size >10mm, then

separated by garbage filters to eliminate garbage with size > 5 mm. Then the

wastewater is pumped to the conditioning tank, which is designed with sufficient

retention time of > 8 hours to balance the volume and concentration.

(2). Chemical handling (flocculation tank, flocculation and primary sedimentation

tanks)

In the flocculation tank, flocculants will be mixed with wastewaters. Flocculation help

to destabilize the sediment particles and stimulate them link with other suspended

sediments to form the larger size particles, where chemical (polymer) stimulate the

larger size particles. Polymer effect forming a "bridge" to link the small size particles

to form the bigger size particles to improve the efficiency of primary sedimentation

tanks.

Preliminary sedimentation tank is specially designed to make the particles to settle

down. According to the design, sludge will be collected to sludge hole and periodically

xii

pumped to sludge tank. Then wastewater will flow into the next tank to perform

biological treatment process (See Figure 0.1).


(3). Biological treatment methods (an inflatable tank selector + + secondary

sedimentation and disinfection)

After treating at the oil separation tank and primary sedimentation tanks, wastewater

will be treatment by biological methods. Then, wastewater will flow into the selector

tank and led through an aerobic biological tank. Wastewater discharging from aerobic

biological tank will flow through secondary sedimentation tank to remove and dewater

sludge. Then wastewater will pass through the disinfection tank to kill bacteria to

ensure meeting the effluent regulation.

(4). Biological pond

The pond is designed to store the treated wastewater and to make landscaping, to

rescue incidents as needed.

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1.2. Wastewater inputs and outputs standards

The wastewater from enterprises inside the industrial zone is treated to meet national

technical regulation for industrial wastewater QCVN40: 2011/BTNMT, column B

before discharging into the sewer system and connect to An Phuoc IZ wastewater

treatment plant.

Treated wastewater will meet the National Technical Regulation QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9.

II. The impacts on the natural environment, socio-economic conditions and

mitigation measures

The main impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic

development and mitigation measures are summarized in the following table:

Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures of Negative Environmental

Impacts

1. Construction Phase

1.1. Transport -

action of

materials,

equipment and

machinery

1.1.1. Dust

- To use tarpaulin for covering the truck, which

transport building materials while moving on roads;

- To provide protective equipment for workers.

1.1.2. Air

emissions

(CO, SOx,

NOx,

THC…)

To select the construction material’s sources near the

project area;

To regularly inspect and maintain machinery and

equipment.

1.1.3. Noise,

traffic jams To arrange the reasonable unloading/loading time.

1.2. Gathering,

storage and

preservation of

materials

1.2.1. Dust To cover material storage areas, especially areas

containing cement, sand, stone.

1.3. Domestic

activities of

worker on the

construction

Site

1.3.1.

Domestic

wastewater To put the collective trash and classification;

To contract with functional units for collection and

treating;

To use the portable toilets in the construction areas.

1.3.2.

domestic

solid waste

1.4.

Stormwater

runoff

To arrange the temporary drainage during construction phase and to

regularly clean the construction site every working day.

1.5.

Environmental

incidents in the

1.5.1. Work

accidents

To establish the safety team at construction sites;

To issue the safety rules for workers;

To train the safety rules for construction workers.

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Impacts

construction

phase

1.5.2.

Explosion

incident

To apply the standards of fire safety when designing

temporary works;

To develop and promulgate the safety rules for fire

prevention, fire fighting installation of signboards;

To equip with fire fighting facilities;

To organize the inspection and supervision.

2. Operation Phase

2.1.

Transportation

means

2.1.1. Air

emissions,

dust, noise

To make the concrete roads and yard ;

To control the quality of vehicles, to regularly

maintain the transportation means ;

To control the speed of vehicles ;

To plant more trees in the project area.

2.2. Operation

of wastewater

treatment plant

2.2.1. Air

emissions

- To deodorize the wastewater treatment plant

-To transport the sludge and materials to the solid

waste disposal area on appropriate time and to use

special vehicles to avoid odors , dust;

To plant the green trees around the wastewater

treatment plant

2.2.2. Noise,

vibrations

To regularly inspect and maintain machinery,

equipment.

2.2.3.

Industrial

solid wastes

To collect the solid waste of industrial zones and hire

the functional units to dispose ;

To collect sludge and store in the planned place and

sign a contract with the functional units for disposal

2.3. Activities

of officers and

employees

2.3.1.

Domestic

solid waste

To put the garbage collectors and to classify the

domestic solid waste of IZ;

To contract with the functional units for disposal.

To use septic tanks and connect to the wastewater

treatment plant of IZ.

2.3.2.

Domestic

waste water

2.4. Cleaning

and

maintenance of

machinery

2.4.1.

Hazardous

waste, grease

rags

To collect the hazardous waste of IZ and to sign

contracts with the functional units for disposal.

2.5.

Stormwater

runoff

To construct the drainage system and to regularly clean the manholes

and culverts.

2.5.

Environmental

incidents

2.5.1. The

fires,

explosions,

To train workers on fire fighting, explosion and

electrical safety ;

To establish the fire fighting team.

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Impacts

during

operation phase

electrical

incidents

To regularly exercise the fire fighting.

2.5.2. Work

accidents and

occupational

health

- To provide the adequate facilities to ensure the labor

safety;

- To train workers on labor safety and labor safety

instructions before getting work;

- To establish the safety rules for each stage of

production;

- To organize periodical medical examination for

employees.

2.5.3. Risk

related to fuel

leakage

- To strictly follow the regulations during transport,

storage and use;

- To fully equip for vehicles the incident’s response

device;

- To train employees how to rescue when the incident

occurred.

1

INTRODUCTION

1. PROJECT ORIGIN

1.1. General introduction to the sub-project of industrial pollution management

in the Dong Nai, Nhue - Day river basins

In order to effectively implement the control of industrial pollution at the source and to

strengthen the institutional capacity in the implementation of policy measures for

environmental protection, The Government of Vietnam has approved the project

"Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai , Nhue - Day river basins”

(hereinafter referred to as VIPM Project) by World Bank funding.

The project development objective is to improve the performance and compliance with

prescribed industrial wastewater treatment projects in 04 provinces (Ha Nam, Nam

Dinh, Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau). This objective will be achieved by

strengthening the institutional environment and enforcing environmental regulations,

surveillance improvement, financial assistance based on preferential loans to increase

wastewater treatment capacity and to enhance compliance with regulations on

environmental protection, to publicize and monitor information and promote

community involvement in Ha Nam and Nam Dinh Provinces located in the Nhue -

Day river basin, and in Dong Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau provinces located in the

Dong Nai river basin - the two most polluted river basins in Vietnam.

The criteria for assessing the industrial pollution management include: (a) the

percentage of IPs complying on implementation of wastewater monitoring, (b) the

level of publicization of pollution information; (c) the ratio of the resolved community

complaints, (d) the percentage of fines collected because of non-compliance, and (e)

the ratio of industrial zones complying on wastewater treatment. Accordingly there

will be about 10 industrial zones in four provinces such as Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Dong

Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau to meet the criteria of the project loans for the construction

of the central wastewater treatment plants and expand the existing wastewater

treatment plant to achieve the national environmental standard. Among those, there are

5 IZs in Dong Nai Province to meet the criteria.

The VIPM project will consist of 03 components as follows:

- Component No1: Strengthening institutional capacity and enforcement;

- Component No2: Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment

plants in the IZs (will be presented in Section 1.5).

- Component No3: Technical support for IZs and support the project implementation

With the objective of strengthening the implementation and monitoring of the

environment, component No1 will have sub-component No1b - the construction of

automatic monitoring stations of water quality (AMSWW). In this sub-project, there

are 17 AMSWW proposed (Table 1.1). Each monitoring station requires land area of

2

50 to 100 m2. Most of this area is owned by the state, so, the relocation and

compensation will be minimized. In some cases, if area permits, sub-component of

AMSWW should have a small lab or security house. Two AMSWW types will be

supported: basic type and extended type. The basic AMSWW will monitor 5 water

quality parameters (i.e. pH/Redox, conductivity, temperature and turbidity). The

extended station will include additional parameters COD/nitrate, NH4+ and total

phosphorus. The information related to monitoring stations in Dong Nai province will

be presented in Figure 0.2.

Figure 0.2. Locations of industrial zones proposed for loans and the water quality

automatic monitoring stations in the Dong Nai River Basin

Component 3 will provide a range of technical assistance to support (a) The IZ

management unit implemented environmental management responsibilities in an

3

effective manner (b) design more suitable for the work of CETPs, (c) accuracy self-

monitoring and timely reporting of activities of the industry. In addition, this

component will support (d) The activities of project management (including

monitoring and evaluation), (e) research related to project implementation, and (f) the

management awareness operation.

1.2. Summary and description of the component No 2 – Central wastewater

treatment plant

Vietnam Environmental Protection Fund (VEPF) is a unit assigned to perform

component No2 - "Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment

plant in the industrial zones" of VIPM project with a capital budget of 20,473 million

USD.

This component will focus on the infrastructure of industrial pollution management by

providing loans with preferential interest rates for the construction of 10 wastewater

treatment plants.

Currently, the wastewater treatment plants in Dong Nai province proposed for loans

are presented in Table 0.1.

Table 0.1. Central Wastewater Treatment Plants proposed for loans from the VIPM

project

STT Industrial

Zone

Investor Capacity

(m3/day)

The total

investment

(billion

VND)

The loans

(billion

VND)

1 Giang Dien 2

The Industrial Zones

Development Company

9,000 71.0 53.525

2 Nhon Trach 6 Tin Nghia Corporation 7,500 58.7 44.209

3 Nhon Trach 3

- module 2

Tin Nghia Corporation 2,000 22.6 16.943

4 An Phuoc Tin Nghia Corporation 2,000 23.88 17,916

Source: Environmental Management Framework and Society "project management of

industrial pollution in the Dong Nai river, Nhue - Day river basin"

Note: NA – under approval process

1.2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT AN PHUOC INDUSTRIAL ZONE

Project of Investment in construction and business of An Phuoc Industrial Zone

infrastructure in Dong Nai Province was allowed to establish by the Prime Minister in

accordance of the Official Letter No. 935/CP-CN on 14 July 2003. On the basis of the

legal document, the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province have issued the

Decision No. 457/QD-UBND on 24 February 2009 on the adjustment of An Phuoc

Industrial Zone Investor and nominated Tin Nghia Corporation as an investor of the

project.

4

On 06 February, adjustments of the detailed construction plan with scale of 1/2000 of

An Phuoc Industrial Zone was officially approved in accordance to the Decision

389/QD-UBND of the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province. An Phuoc Industrial

Zone is planned as multidisciplinary one with unpolluted and clean industries such as:

- Manufacturing food processing, beverage production, coffee production and

processing, agricultural processing, seed treatment, industrial adhesives, production of

pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and pharmaceutical, cosmetics, processing wood,

bamboo (except bed, cabinet, table, chair, production of chemicals and chemical

products. not attract fish processing Unprocessed, and chemical production basic;

- Textile, apparel manufacturing, shoe manufacturing and the products made from

leather, manufacture of rubber products (do not use fresh rubber) and plastics,

production of plastics, resins, pigments, industrial processing industries, other

manufacturing, repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment;;

- Production of motor vehicles, agricultural machinery manufacturing, construction

and industrial, production of spare parts for industry textiles, manufacturing of

fabricated metal products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products and metals,

metals, household appliances, medical equipment , sports equipment and children toys ,

the type of mechanical manufacturing, and assembly;

- Production of electronic products, computer and optical products, production of non-

metallic mineral products, production of electrical equipment, production of electricity,

gas, hot water, steam and air conditioning, battery manufacturing, battery;

- Float glass production, business development, production of building materials and

interior equipment, production of concrete, fresh concrete, decorative production

equipment, furniture, home factory for other products, production of ceramics, glass,

porcelain, crystal;

- Leasing machinery and equipment (without operator) leasing personal and family.

Active labour and service jobs, house cleaning services, building and landscape;

administrative activities, office support and other business support activities other

telecommunications, banking, postal, supply of materials and services, fuel, food

services, public sanitation services, waste treatment, storage facilities, factories for rent.

According to the Decision No. 35/1999/QD-TTg on 03 May, 1999 issued by he Prime

Minister on approving the orientations for urban drainage development of Vietnam by

the year of 2020, industrial zones, export processing zones have to locally treat

industrial wastewater and apply the modern technologies for construction of drainage

and wastewater treatment plant to meet the environmental technical regulations before

discharging into receiving water. The water demand when the IZ fully occupied is

7315 m3/day, wastewater flows down the central wastewater treatment plant is 6000

m3/day (approximately 80% of the supplied water volume).

Currently, An Phuoc Industrial Zone is in the process of infrastructure completion and

promoting the investment in the industrial zone, Tin Nghia Corporation have build the

central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Phase 1 in An Phuoc industrial zone with

a capacity of 2,000 m3/day. The capacity is perfectly suited to meet the wastewater

5

treatment requirement when businesses started to invest in industrial zone to ensure all

wastewater generated in the industrial zone to meet the environment regulations before

discharging into the Nuoc Trong canal

1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES

1.3.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment

The environmental impact assessment study for the wastewater treatment plant’s

project in An Phuoc industrial zone is designed to evaluate its status with respect to all

applicable World Bank safeguard policies and guidelines. Operational Policy

(OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment, the project is classified

as a Category A project and therefore requires the completion of full-scale EIA. This

directive describes guidance on Bank’ Policy and procedure for conducting

environmental assessments of proposed projects.

World Bank policies that have additional participation through the project's EIA

process include: OP 4.04 Natural Habitats, OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources and

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement detailed instructions on assessment methodologies.

Besides those, the EIA study will follow the applicable International Conventions/

Commissions for which Vietnam is a member (e.g. International Waters, Climate

Change, etc.).

The criteria applied by the EIA General EHS Guidelines: environment, including

emissions and ambient air quality, water quality and waste water environment

surrounding noise management.

Documents related to Component No 2 of the project of industrial pollution

management in the Dong Nai, Nhue Day river basins are as follows:

- Decision No.1932/QD-BTNMT on 12 November 2012 on approving component No2

- Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment plants in industrial

zones of the project "Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day

river basins";

- Decision No.1953/QDBTNMT on 14 November 2012 on establishment of the

Project Management Board of Component No2 - Pilot investment loan to build the

central wastewater treatment plants in the industrial zones of the project "Industrial

Pollution Management of Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins";

- Decision No.1196/QDBKHDT on 17 September 2012 of the Minister of Planning

and Investment on approving the feasibility study report on the project “Industrial

Pollution Management of the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”;

- Decision No.1403/QDBKHDT on 25 October 2012 on amending and supplementing

a number of articles of Decision No. 1196/QDBKHDT;

- Decision No.1205/QDBKHDT on 19 September 2012 on establishment of the

Project Steering Committee for the project “Industrial Pollution Management in the

Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”

- Official Letter No. 13606/BTCQLN on 5 October 2012 on specific lending

6

conditions for the WB Project “Industrial Pollution Management”.

- Loan Agreement (VIPM Project) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the

International Development Association on 24 September 2012 (No. 5175VN).

- Environment and Social Management Framework, The project “Industrial Pollution

Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins, 2012.

1.3.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment

(1).National Environmental Legislation

- Construction Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of

Vietnam on 26 November 2003;

- Fire Prevention and Fire Code issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist

Republic of Vietnam on 29 June 2001;

- Investment Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of


- Law on Environmental Protection issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 29

November 2005;

- Law on Chemicals issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of


- Law on Biodiversity issued by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of


- Urban Planning Act issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of

Vietnam on June 17, 2009;

- Law on Water Resources issued by the National Assembly of Socialist Republic of

Vietnam on June 21, 2012.

- Decree No.59/2007/NDTTg dated 09 April 2007 issued by the Prime Minister on the

solid waste management.

- Decree No.29/2008/NDCP dated 14 March 2008 issued by the Government on

industrial zones, export processing zones and economic zones;

- Decree No.29/2011/NDCP dated 18 April 2011 issued by the Government on

strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and

environmental protection commitments;

- Decision No.53/2004/QDTTg dated 08 April 2004 issued by the Prime Minister

promulgating the strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam

(Agenda 21);

- Decision No.81/2006/QDTTg dated 14 April 2006 issued by the Prime Minister on

approving the "National Strategy of environmental protection until 2010 with a vision

to 2020 (NSEP)";

- Decision No.851/QDBXD dated 28 May 2004 issued by Ministry of Construction on

the approval of the detailed plan of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, Long Thanh District,

Dong Nai Province;

- Decision No. 27/2004/QDBXD on 09 November 2004 issued by the Ministry of

7

Construction on approval TCXDVN 320 2004 "Hazardous waste landfill - Design

Standards";

- Decision No.21/2005/QDBXD dated 22 July 2005 issued by Ministry of

Construction on promulgating regulations on the notation system drawings in the

construction plans.

- Circular No.19/2008/TTBXD dated 20 November 2008 issued by the Ministry of

Construction on "guiding the formulation, appraisal, approval and management of

construction plan of the industrial zones and economic zones."

- Circular No.08/2009/TTBTNMT dated 15 July 2009 issued by the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment on environmental protection regulations of

economic zones, high-tech parks, the industrial zones and industrial clusters ;

- Circular No.01/2011/TTBXD dated 27 January 2011 issued by the Ministry of

Construction guiding the strategic environmental assessment;

- Circular No.26/2011/TTBTNMT dated 18 July 2011 issued by the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment on detailing a number of articles of Decree No.

29/2011/NDCP of the Government on the strategic environmental assessment,

environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment.

- Circular No.04/2011/TTBTNMT dated 28 December 2011 issued by the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment on amending and supplementing some articles of

- Official Letter No.935/CPCN dated 14 July 2003 issued by the Government on the

project of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, Dong Nai province.

(2).Local Environmental Legislations

- Decision No.2253/QD.CT.UBT dated 17 July 2001 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval of detailed plan with scale of 1/1000 of

producing building materials industrial clusters in An Phuoc commune, Long Thanh

District, Dong Nai province;

- Decision No.4070/QD.CT.UBT dated 27 October 2003 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on establishment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone;

- Document No.5761/UND-CNN dated 26 July 2007 issued by the People's Committee

of Dong Nai Province on approval for Tin Nghia One Member Limited Company to

establish infrastructure investment procedures at An Phuoc Industrial Zone in An

Phuoc Commune, Long Thanh District;

- Decision No.457/QD-UBND dated 24 February 2009 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on adjusting investor of An Phuoc Industrial Zone in

Decision No4070/QD.CT.UBT on 27 October 2003 of the President of the People's

Committee of Dong Nai province;

- Official Letter No.1650/UBND-CNN dated 09 March 2011 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval for Tin Nghia Corporation to study on

adjustment of detailed plans to build the An Phuoc Trade and Residential Area and An

Phuoc Industrial Zone;

- Decision No.389/QDUBND dated 06 February 2012 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval of adjustments of detailed construction

8

plan with scale of 1/2000 of An Phuoc Industrial Zone in An Phuoc commune, Long

Thanh district , Dong Nai province;

- Investment license number 47221000959 dated 04 September 2012 issued by the

Dong Nai Industrial Zone Authority for An Phuoc Industrial Park

- Decision No. 110/QD-BTNMT dated 29 January 2013 issued by the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment on approval of the environmental impact

assessment report of An Phuoc Industrial Park.

- Certificate No 615/SKHCN-QLC dated 26 April 2013 issued by Department of

Science and Technology Department of Dong Nai Province on evaluation of the waste

water treatment technology of An Phuoc Industrial Park

- Certificate of business registration and tax registration of Tin Nghia Corporation with

enterprise code of 3600283394 on 03 November 2004, 11th (registration change on 30

July 2010).

1.3.3. The environmental standards and regulaions

(1).Water Quality

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality;

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- National technical regulations on groundwater quality;

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater

quality;

- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT- National technical regulations on industrial waste water;

(2). Air Quality

- QCVN 05:2008/BTNMT - Air Quality - National technical regulations on ambient

air quality ;

- QCVN 06:2008/BTNMT - Air quality - Allowable maximum concentration of toxic

substances in the ambient air.

(2).Soil Quality

QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the permissible limits of

heavy metals in the soil;

(3).Solid Waste Management

- TCVN 6696:2009 - Solid waste – Sanitary Landfill- General requirements for the

protection of the environment;

- QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - The national regulation on classification of hazardous

waste;

- QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on wastewater leakage from

solid waste landfills;

(4).Noise and vibration

9

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise;

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration.

(5).Safety and Occupational Health

Decision No 3733/2002/QD-BYT on 10 October 2002 about applications of 21

standards for safety and health.

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS

The methods are applied in the EIA process including:

(1). Statistical Methods:

Collecting and processing data on meteorological, hydrological conditions, socio-

economic development in the project area.

(2).Survey methods, field sampling and laboratory analysis

Defining the parameters of the current state of air quality, water, noise levels in the

project area and surrounding areas.

(i).Survey Method

Field surveys in the project area, including:

- Topographic survey, engineering geology, hydrogeology;

- Hydro-meteorological Survey;

- Survey of production activities of the enterprises in the industrial zone.

Collecting documents on technical infrastructure in the project area, including:

- Survey of the current status of water supply network;

- Survey of the current status of power supply network;

- Survey of the current status of drainage network;

- Survey of the current status of waste water drainage network ;

- Survey of the current status of roads network;

- Survey of the environment status;

- Survey of ambient air quality;

- Survey of groundwater quality;

- Survey of the surface water quality;

- Survey of soil quality;

- Survey of biological resources.

10

(ii).Sampling and analysis methods

Determining the points of measurement, sampling of environmental parameters (status

of air, water, noise, soil, sediment quality, biological resources etc. in the project area

and surrounding region) for the analysis of the environmental quality state in the

project area, which provide the basis for environmental impact assessment.

The method of analysis followed Vietnam standard, regulations and international

standards.

(3).Comparison method

Assessing the impact on the basis of comparison of the analyzed results with the

Vietnam environmental standards/ regulations.

(4).Checklist and matrix method

The method used to establish the relationship between the activities of the project and

the environmental impact.

(5).Rapid assessment method

Estimating the pollution load and concentration of pollutants from project’s activities

in construction and operation phases of the WWTP under the WHO’s pollution factors.

(6).Public consultation method

The method is used in the interview of leaders and local residents in the project area.

1.5. IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION

Tin Nghia Corporation is the agency responsible for implementation of this EIA report

in consultation with the Environmental Technology Centre (ENTEC).

(1).Responsible agency:


- Address: 96 Ha Huy Giap, Quyet Thang Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province.

- Tel: 061.3824369 - 3822486 Fax: 061.3823747

- Representative: Quach Van Duc

- Position: General Director

11

(2).Consulting agency

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE (ENTEC).

- Address: 439A9 Phan Van Tri, Ward 5, Go Vap Dist., Ho Chi Minh City.

- Tel: 08. 39850540 Fax: 08. 39850541.

- Representative: Ass. Prof. Phung Chi Sy.

- Position: Acting Director.

Members directly involved in the EIA report preparation include:

Table 0.2. Members directly involved in the EIA report preparation

No Full name Position / expertise Organization

01 Vu Van Luyen An Phuoc IZ Director Tin Nghia Corporation

02 Cao Xuan Thuy Staff Tin Nghia Corporation

03 Phung Chí Sy

Ass.Prof.Dr. of

Environmental Science and

Technology.

ENTEC

04 Vu Thanh Nam Master of Environmental

Science.

ENTEC

05 Phạm Mai Duy Thong Master of Environmental

Science.

ENTEC

06 Vo Nhat Tan Bachelor of Environmental

Science

ENTEC

07 Le Thanh Trang Master of Environmental

Science.

ENTEC

08 Truong Anh Đuc Bachelor of Chemical

analysis

ENTEC

09 Tran Ngoc Thanh Bachelor of Environmental

Science

ENTEC

10 Nguyen Thị Thu Mien Bachelor of Chemical

analysis

ENTEC

During the EIA report preparation, the project owner have received the guidance and

assistance of the following agencies:

- Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai Province;

- People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of An Phuoc commune, Long Thanh

district, Dong Nai province.

12

CHAPTER 1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.1. PROJECT OWNER


- Address: 96 Ha Huy Giap, Quyet Thang Dist. Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province.

- Tel: 061.3824369 - 3822486 Fax: 061.3823747

- Representative: Quach Van Duc

- Position: General Director

Tin Nghia Corporation was founded in 1989, after more than 23 years of development

Tin Nghia Corporation is a large corporation in Dong Nai province with 17

subsidiaries (50% contribution), 13 of joint ventures (50% contribution), annual sales

reached 8.000 billion and UNDP have voted as one of 200 largest enterprises in

Vietnam.

Besides, Tin Nghia Corporation is a company with many years experience in the

industrial development, especially in the industrial zones waste water treatment. Up to

now, Tin Nghia Corporation is investing in development of 08 industrial zones with a

total area of 3,518 ha, including Nhon Trach 3, Ong Keo, Tan Phu, Nhon Trach 6,

Tam Phuoc, Bau Xeo, Dat Do and An Phuoc IZs. Currently, these industrial zones are

efficiently operating and exploiting, especially the industrial zone’s wastewater

treatment plants are operating with very good handling performance and always

ensuring the effluent quality standards to meet the regulations before discharging into

the receiving water bodies. In addition, during operation Tin Nghia Corporation

always comply with the laws and regulations and is one of the leading enterprises in

environmental protection and sustainable development. So, Tin Nghia Corporation

have full sufficient experience and capacity to implement the project.

During construction of the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ, Tin

Nghia Corporation has collaborated with Koastal Industries Company Pte., Ltd. In

consulting, design and construction. Koastal Industries Company Pte., Ltd. and its

subsidiary in Vietnam- Koastal Eco Industries have performed more than 500

wastewater treatment facilities in Asia Therefore, Koastal Industries Pte., Ltd.

Company is fully qualified to advise, design and construct the wastewater treatment

plant for An Phuoc IZ

1.2. PROJECT LOCATION

(1).An Phuoc IZ Location

An Phuoc IZ has a total area of 200.85 hectares, is planning to build in village 8, An

Phuoc commune, Long Thanh district, Dong Nai province (See Figure 1.1).

13

Geographic coordinates: the project location from coordinates (413459.86,

1199912.41) to coordinates (412241.42, 1197901.71).

Figure 1.1. Location map of An Phuoc Industrial Zone

The boundary of the project is as follows:

- North and Northwest: Adjacent to the Nuoc Trong stream

- East: Next to Tam Phuoc - An Loc road;

- West: Next to An Phuoc commercial and residential areas.

- South: Adjacent to the military airport and Long Duc Industrial Zone.

(2).Location of Central Wastewater Treatment Plant at An Phuoc IZ

An Phuoc IZ

14

Geographic coordinates: the project location from coordinates (413459.86,

1199912.41) to coordinates (412241.42, 1197901.71) (See Figure 1.2).

The CETP site is located lowest area in the An Phuoc, so the wastewater automatically

collected into the CETP without pump equipment. Otherwise, this location border and

nearest between IZ and Nuoc Trong stream. It is the reason why the location is

selected.

The boundary of the project is as follows:

- North: Adjacent to the Nuoc Trong stream;

- East: Next to internal roads of the IZ;

- West: Next to internal roads of the IZ

- South: Adjoining to vacant land.

Figure 1.2. Location map of the wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc Industrial

Zone

(3) CETP service area of An Phuoc IZ The IZD plan to construct the CETP with capacity of 6,000 m3/day, classify to 03 modules

with capactiy of 2,000 m3/day for each. The figure shows three service areas:

- CETP module 1 serves for red area (phase 1 of IZ);

- CETP module 2 serves for yellow area (phase 2 of IZ);

- CETP module 3 serves for blue area (phase 3 of IZ)

Location diagram of

WWTP

15

1.3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTVITIES

1.3.1. Objectives of construction of wastewater treatment plant at An Phuoc IZ

Objectives of construction of the wastewater treatment plant in An Phuoc Industrial

Zone are as follows:

- Construction of the wastewater treatment plant to collect and treat all waste waters

arising during the production of the enterprises in the industrial zones, to ensure the

quality of treated waste water to meet the regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT,

Column A, and to prevent and minimize the negative impacts to the surrounding

environment;

- An Phuoc IZ wastewater treatment plant - Phase 1 meets the discharge capacity of

the enterprises inside the industrial zones;

- Stable operation of the wastewater treatment plant in strict accordance with the

technology sequence to ensure the current environmental regulations, to help

protecting the environment;

- Location of construction of the wastewater treatment plant must conform to the

general plan of IZ and facilitate the connections between the different stages in the

future.

Nuoc Trong Stream

Discharge point

Service area of CETP module 1



16

1.3.2. Requirement on input and output of waste water treatment plant

(1). List of industrial establishments, wastewater capability at the sources before

connecting to the Central WWTP

Currently, An Phuoc IZ has 02 enterprises leased land, which are in the period of

installation, construction, not in operation. The total area of occupied land is 11 ha,

equivalent to 5.78% of total area of IZ. In addition to 02 constructing enterprises, other

enterprises, when investing in An Phuoc IZ must commit in writing form to carry out

the installation of preliminary wastewater treatment facilities to ensure outlet

wastewater quality to meet QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B before connecting to

the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ. Then An Phuoc IZ will

continue treating to meet QCVN40: 2011/BTNMT, column A before discharging into

the receiving water body. List of enterprises, which have signed contracts for land

leases in An Phuoc IZ by May 14, 2013 is presented in table 1.1.

Table 1.1. The enterprises has leased land in An Phuoc IZ

No Name investor lease

land / factory

National Leasing

Area

(ha)

The

lease

duration

The Products

field

production

1 Vinh Cuong Company

Limited Viet Nam 6 50

Coffee

2 Neumann Gruppe

Vietnam Company

Limited

Japan 5 50

Coffee

Source: An Phuoc IZ Management Board-Tin Nghia Corporation, June, 2013.

(2).Inputs wastewater requirement

The wastewaters from enterprises in An Phuoc IZ have to meet the input requirement

(i.e. QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B) before discharging into the drainage system

and connecting to the central wastewater treatment plant.

(3).Outlet wastewater standards

Wastewater have to be treated to meet the National Technical Regulation on industrial

wastewater QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9 . Kq and Kf

factors are selected as follows:

- Receiving water body of the treated wastewater is Nuoc Trong streams with Kq =

0.9;

- Flow coefficient (Kf) is chosen as presented in table 1.2.

Table 1.2. Coefficient Kf regulated in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT

Waste flow (F)

Unit: cubic meters/day (m3/24h) Coefficient Kf

17

F ≤ 50 1.2

50 < F ≤ 500 1.1

500 < F ≤ 5.000 1.0

F > 5.000 0.9

For safety of the design work, coefficient Kf = 0.9 is selected. The quality of the

treated wastewater have to comply with the regulations, which is presented in table 1.3.

Table 1.3. Pretreatment input and output requirements on the quality of wastewater

No Parameters Unit Input Output

Treatment

Efficiency

(%)

1 Temperature 0C 40 40

2 The color (pH = 7) Co – Pt 50 50

3 pH - 5-10 6 - 9

4 COD mg/l 500 61 88

5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 300 24 92

6 TSS mg/l 150 41 73

7 Arsenic mg/l 0,0405 0.04

8 Mercury mg/l 0,00405 0.004

9 Lead mg/l 0,081 0.08

10 Cadmium mg/l 0,0405 0.04

11 Chrome (VI) mg/l 0,0405 0.04

12 Chrome (III) mg/l 0,162 0.16

13 Copper mg/l 1,62 1.62

14 Zinc mg/l 2,43 2.43

15 Niken mg/l 0,162 0.16

16 Manganese mg/l 0,405 0.4

17 Iron mg/l 0,81 0.81

18 Cyanide mg/l 0,0567 0.05

19 Phenol mg/l 0,081 0.08

20 Mineral oil mg/l 20 4 80

21 Sulfide mg/l 3,0 0.16 95

22 Fluoride mg/l 4,05 4

23 Ammonia(by nitrogen) mg/l 20 4 80

24 Total Nitrogen mg/l 40 16.2 60

25 Total phosphorus mg/l 8 3.24 60

18

No Parameters Unit Input Output

Treatment

Efficiency

(%)

26 Chloride mg/l 800 405 49

27 Chlorine residue mg/l 2,42 0.81 67

28

Plant protection

chemicals: organic

Phosphorus

mg/l 0,0405 0.24

29

Plant protection

chemicals: organic

chlorine

mg/l 0,243 0.04

30 PCBs mg/l 0,00243 0.002

31 Coliform MPN/100ml KGH 3000 -

32 Total radioactivity α Bq/l 0,1 0.1

33 Total radioactivity β Bq/l 1,0 1.0

1.3.3. Drainage and wastewater collection system

Currently, construction of the entire waste water drainage system and rain water

drainage of An Phuoc industrial zone was generally completed. Wastewater drainage

system of IZ were completely separated from the rainwater drainage system.

Specifically, it is presented as follows:

(1).Rainwater drainage system

Rainwater drainage system was built along two sides of internal roads with manholes,

solid waste screeners, storm water naturally filtered and test wells. The manholes will

be periodically dredged. Sludge, sediments are collected and signed the contracts with

functional units to periodically transport and dispose.

(2).Wastewater drainage System

- Wastewater drainage systems including sewage culverts and technical wells has the

function to collect wastewaters and led to the central wastewater treatment plant.

Culvert system is arranged by terrain slope to the treatment plant in the planned

western area. Culverts are designed with diameter of ∅ 300mm-∅500mm and

minimum depth of 0.7 m (from the ground to the top of the culvert). Technical wells

with minimum size of 600mm are arranged along the sewer line with the normative

distances;

- The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant of An Phuoc IZ:

− The wastewater treatment plant is placed in the technical infrastructure area in the

planned western area;

+ Treatment capacity is estimated at 6,000 m3/day;

+ Planned area for construction of the central wastewater treatment plant is 1ha

and minimum isolation distance to the residental areas outside the IZ is 30m;

19

+ The central wastewater treatment plant receive waste waters discharged from

enterprises in the industrial zones, which have to meet the requirement for

connecting to the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ (QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, column B).

+ Wastewater treated at the central wastewater treatment plant have to meet the

regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A before discharging into the

Nuoc Trong stream.

- Methods of collection and treatment of wastewater: wastewaters discharged from

enterprises will be connected to the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ.

The project owner will issue the requirement on the limited concentrations of

pollutants for the enterprises to connect into the central wastewater treatment plant of

An Phuoc IZ. If the concentrations are higher than the limits, enterprises must apply

pre-treatment measures before connecting to the general collection system of IZ.

- Currently, the entire system of wastewater collection have been completely

constructed by Tin Nghia Corporation.

Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s wastewater treatment plant is presented

in figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3. Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s CETP

1.3.4. Description of wastewater treatment technologies

(1).Wastewater treatment technology process

Wastewater treatment technology process consists of 3 stages, as follows:

(i).Mechanical treatment (pit pumps, oil separation tank, and an air conditioning)

Wastewater from these factories in the industrial zone will be collected into the pump

pit of the treatment plant. Before flowing to the pump pit, the garbage, twigs etc, with

size of > 10mm is separated by automatic garbage separation equipment from waste

water. Then the wastewater is pumped into the oil separation tank. Before flowing the

oil separation tank, the fine garbage with size of > 5 mm is separated by garbage filters

An oil separation tank have following advantages:

Wastewater from

tenants CETP of IZ

Receiving

body

Treatment at

the sources

20

- To prevent the abrasion of pumping motors in the successive treatment works;

- To prevent the strange substance in biological treatment tank which can cause

agglomeration into the solids floating in biological tank, which leads to less efficient

treatment system.

Wastewater after sludge separation flows into the oil separation tank in order to

remove floating oil and suspended solid particles with less density than wastewater.

The components will be collected by the automatical oil collection device, which is

capable to adjust to ensure the high level of oil removal efficiency. The collected oil

will be stored in the oil tank to handover for the functional units. Also the oil

remaining after passing through the oil separation tank will be further removed in

primary sedimentation tanks behind. Then wastewater will flow into the conditioning

tank.

Balancing tank is designed with sufficient retention time to ensure the flow and

pollution concentration equalizing, therefore, fluctuations in the composition of

wastewater before going into the process units behind should be significantly reduced.

During the peak hours, excess flow will be kept in the balancing tank. In addition, the

balancing tank also has some advantages such as figure 1.4.

- To ensure the continuity of the system;

- To control the high toxic substances;

- To relatively deodorize.

This tank may also use as storage one when the system stops for repair or maintenance.

In balancing tank, the air distribution pipe system is arranged to well regulate the

wastewater load and to avoid the sedimentation process in the tank. The wastewater is

then pumped to the physico-chemical treatment system.

21


(ii).Physicochemical treatment (Coagulated tank, flocculation and primary

sedimentation tanks)

During this treatment period, if the inlet wastewater concentration of the treatment

plant meet the effluent regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B, the physico-

chemical treatment process do not operate. At that time, waste water from balancing

tank is pumped through the system without dosing of chemicals. In the emergency

cases the chemical dosing and mixing stirs will be operated. The substances, which

can be removed from the wastewaters due to physico-chemical treatment are as

follows: COD, SS, heavy metal compounds and colloids in wastewater. Since COD

22

and suspended solids concentrations are decreased, the concentration of BOD are also

decreased in the treatment process.

At the coagulation tank, coagulants are added to mix with wastewater. Coagulation

help to destabilize the sediment particles (glue) and stimulate them to stick with the

other suspended sediment to form larger scale particles (polymer). At coagulation tank,

chemicals stimulate the flocculation process to form the larger scale particles, which

are mixed with wastewater. Polymer have the effect forming a "bridge" to link the

small size particles to form the bigger size particles to improve the efficiency of

primary sedimentation tanks behind.

Preliminary sedimentation tanks is specially designed, which create the static media

for settlement of the solid particles. The design of the scraping sludge system helps

automatically collect sludge into sludge containing pit and excess sludge is pumped

periodically to the sludge storage tank.

The wastewater is flowing into next tanks to perform further biological treatment

process.

(iii). Treated with biological methods (selector tank + inflatable tank + secondary

sedimentation and disinfection tank)

After pre-treatment process in oil separation tank and primary sedimentation tank,

wastewater will be treated by biological methods. Wastewater from primary

sedimentation tank will flow into the selector tank. In normal conditions, this tank has

the function of removing the filamentous bacteria that causes obstacles for deposition

of activated sludge. In the case the nitrogen concentration in the inlet wastewater is

higher than the design value, function of the selector tank will be transferred to the

anoxic tank, at which oxygen is appropriately adjusted through the adjustment of air

valve to control anoxic condition for denitrification.

In aerobic biological tank, aerobic bacteria (activated sludge) decompose organic

matter (mainly, dissolved organic matter). Oxygen tank is provided in order to

facilitate the process of decomposition of organic matter through the surface aerator,

which is properly installed on the tank. After the biological treatment process, the

majority of organic matter in the wastewater is removed. Wastewater leaving aerobic

biological tank will led through the secondary sedimentation tank to conduct sludge

dewatering process.

Mixture of sludge and wastewater leaving the aerobic biological tank are overflowed

into a rectangular tank to conduct sludge dewatering process. Biological sludge will

settle at the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank, then collected in sludge

storage tank with brushed device. A defined amount of biological sludge (activated

sludge) is recycled to selector tank to maintain the appropriate amount of sludge in

aerotank. Periodically, excess sludge in pit is pumped to the sludge compression tank

to conduct dewatering process. Wastewater after sludge separation in the

sedimentation tank is led through the disinfection tank .

23

At disinfection tank, wastewater will be mixed with a disinfectant offered by

automatical disinfectant injection system to destroy the bacteria to meet the discharge

standards and regulations.

(iv).Ecological pond

The pond pays roles of treated wastewater storage as well as landscaping, pool rescue

incidents as needed

(2).The main items of the central WWTP

Currently, WWTP of An Phuoc Industrial Zone was built and installed almost

completely. WWTP is only installed with some equipment and test operating system

before officially going into operation. The works and the equipment of WWTP

including:

(3).The construction items

(i).Pump pit (TK01)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 8200x7600x2000x4500;

- Quantity: 01;

- Total area: 62.320 m2;

- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-

corrosion paint.

(ii).Oil separated tank (TK02)


- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint. .

(iii).Regulate tank (TK03)


- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint.

(iv).Coagulated Tank (TK04)


- Quantity: 01;

24



corrosion paint.

(v).Flocculation Tank (TK05)


- Quantity: 01;


Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-corrosion

paint.

(vi).Primary sedimentation Tank (TK06)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 16700x4500x2500x3000

- Quantity: 01

- Total area : 75.150 m2


corrosion paint.

(vii).Selector tank (TK07A/B)


- Quantity: 02;

- Total area : 39.040 m2;


paint.

(viii). Air blowing Tank (TK08A/B)


- Quantity: 02;

- Total area : 256.200 m2;


paint.

(ix). Air blowing Tank (TK09)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 22100x8400x2500x3000

- Quantity: 01

- Total area: 185.640 m2


paint.

25

(x).Disinfect tank (TK10)


- Quantity: 01;



paint.

(xi).Sludge tank (TK11)


- Quantity: 01;



paint.

(xii).Biological lakes (TK12)

- Dimensions (DxRxC): 102900x36200x1700;

- Quantity: 01;

-Total area: 3724.980 m2;

- Building rubble crater, the bottom, the panels cover 1,500 mm thick HDPE.

(xiii).The operator (N01, N02, N03, N04, N05)


- Quantity: 01;


- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purling steel. Tin roof.

(xiv).Guardhouse (N06)


- Quantity: 01;


- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purlins steel. Tin roof.

(xv).Garage (N07);


- Quantity: 01;



26

(xvi).Chemicals house & sludge dewateringN08, N09)


- Quantity: 01;



(xvii).Operation Sidewalks:

-Volume: 135 m2;

- Soil compaction, concrete.

(xviii).Internal roads:

- Volume: 280 m2;

- Soil compaction, concrete.

(xix).Fence:

- Volume: 428 m;

- Pile reinforced concrete, brick wall paint, bars at.

(4).Equipment and machinery

The machinery and equipment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone WWTP is presented as

follows:

Table 1.4. The machinery and equipment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone WWTP

No EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ORIGIN UNIT QUALIT

Y

A Pit pump

1 Wastewater pump

Type: Submersible

Pumps

Discharge: 84 m3/h

Pressure column : 10m

The electric power:

6kW/ 400V/3pha/50Hz

Automatically Coupling

Ailen Pcs

(2hđ) 2

2 Coarse garbage

screening

Type: Automatic

Slot size: 10mm

Capacity: 2.000 m3/day

Material: SS304

Viet Nam Pcs

(1hđ) 1

3 Garbage bins Material: PVC, 100 l Viet Nam Pcs

(2hđ) 2

27


Y

4 The water level

switch

Type: hydrostatic

pressure

Scale: 0-6 mH2O

Cable length: 25m

Protection against fire

and explosion

Degree of

protection:IP68

(Junction box)

EU Pcs 1

5 Fade van Material : SUS304,

Rubber Gasket Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

B Grease, oil

separator tank

1 Fine garbage

screening

Type: automatic

Slot size: 2mm

Capacity: 2.000 m3/day

(170 m3/hr)

Material: SS304

Viet Nam Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 Floating oil

containers Material: PVC, 200 l Viet Nam

Pcs

(2hđ) 2

3 Oil agitator

Type: automatic

Capacity: 0.37kW

Material: SS304 and

synthetic resins

Viet Nam Pcs

(1hđ) 1

C Equalization tank

1 Air Blower

Type: Root

Discharge: 5.7

m3/minute, H = 5 m,

H2O

Electric capacity: 7.5

kw, 3 phase, 380V,

50Hz.

Japan

Pcs

(1hđ,

1dp)

2

2 Harsh gas

distribution system

Material: SUS304

perforated Viet Nam

System

(1hđ) 1

3 The water level

switch

Type: hydrostatic

pressure

Scale: 0-6 mH2O

Cable length: 25m

Protection against fire

and explosion

Degree of protection:

IP68

(Junction box)

EU Pcs 1

28


Y

4 Discharge Gauges

Electronic Equipment

Flowmeters

DN: 100mm

EU Pcs

(1hđ) 1

5 Inverter Capacity: 2.9kW EU Pcs 2

6 Wastewater pump

Type: submersible

Pumps

Discharge: 84 m3/h

Pressure column : 8 m

The electric power:

2.9kW/ 400V/

3phase/50Hz


Ailen

Pcs

(1hđ,

1dp)

2

D Flocculation Tank

1 Agitator

a). Motor reduces speeds

Type: flanges - vertical

mount;

The speed of the shaft:

100-150rpm;

Capacity motor: 1.5kW,

380V/ 3m/50Hz

b). Paddle and shaft;

Material SS304

a/ Motor

reduces

speeds :

Italia

b/ Paddle

and shaft:

SS304

Viet

Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 pH meter Scale: 0 – 14 pH Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

3 Acid tank Volume: 3 m3

Material : FRP Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

4 Hydroxide sodium

Tanks

Volume: 3 m3


Pcs

(1hđ) 1

5 Sodium Hydroxide

Tanks

Volume: 1.5 m3


Pcs

(1hđ) 1

6 Acid metering pump

Type: diaphragm pumps

Capacity: 150l/h,

Pressure column : 5bar

The electric power:

0.18KW, 3 phases,

380V, 50Hz

The pump head: PVC

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

29


Y

7 Hydroxide sodium

metering pump


Capacity: 150l/h,


The electric power:

0.18KW, 3 phases,

380V, 50Hz

The pump head: PVC

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

8 Alum metering

pump


Capacity: 150l/h,


The electric power:

0.18KW, 3 phases,

380V, 50Hz

The pump head: PVC

Italia

Pcs

(1hđ,1

dp)

2

9 Alum agitator

The rotational speed:

100 -150 rpm The

electric power: 1.1kW,

3phase, 380V, 50Hz

Brand & stirrer shaft:

KEI/Viet Nam

Material: SS304

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

E. Flocculation Tank

1 Agitator

a/ Motor reduces speeds

Type: flanges - vertical

mount;

The speed of the shaft: :

50-75rpm

Capacity motor: 1.5kW,

380V/ 3m/50Hz

b/ Paddle and shaft;

Material SS304

a/ Motor

reduces

speeds:

Italia

b/ Paddle

and shaft:

Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 Polymers tank Volume: 1.5 m3


Pcs

(1hđ) 1

3 Polymer metering

pump


Capacity: 150l/h,


The electric power:

0.18KW, 3 phases,

380V, 50Hz

The pump head: PVC

Italia

Pcs

(1hđ,1

dp)

2

30


Y

4 Polymer mixing

equipment

The rotational speed:

150 -200 rpm

The electric power:

1.1kW, 3pha, 400V,

50Hz

Paddle and shaft:

SUS304

label: KEI/Vietnam

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

F.

Primary

sedimentation

Tank

1 Sludge brushed

equipment

Motor: The electric

power: 0.37kW, 3pha,

400V, 50Hz

Axis & Sludge Rotary:

SUS304 & galvanized

iron

- Motor :

Italia

- Axis &

Sludge

Rotary:

Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 Gutters collect

water, foam barrier Material: SS304 Viet Nam

Set

(1hđ) 1

3 Balance sludge

pumps

Type: Submersible

Pumps

Discharge: 11 m3/h

Pressure column : 8 m

The electric power:

1.2kW/

400V/3phase/50Hz


Ailen

Pcs

(1hđ,

1dp)

2

G. Selector tank

1 Disk gas distribution

Type : Fine bubbles

Discharge each plate: Q

= 12 m3/hr

Diameter: 12 inch

USA Pcs 16

H. Aeration tank

1 Air Blower

Type: Root

Discharge: 22 m3/m, H =

5 mH2O

Capacity: 30 kw, 3

phase, 380V, 50Hz/4

pole

Japan

Pcs

(1hđ,

1dp)

2

31


Y

2

Measuring device

DO (02 sensor and

01 Due transmitter)

a). Remote Display -

Transmitter

Attach the two sensors

simultaneously

Display measured value,

temperature and other

parameters

on the liquid crystal

display 160x240 pixels

Output signal: two

signal ports 0/4-20mA

Power source: 220Vac

b). Sensor

Type : LDO

(Luminescent Dissolved

Oxygen)

Method of measurement:

continuous

measurement,

Scale: 0-20mg / l, 200%

oxygen saturation

Accuracy: + / - 0.2%

Sensitivity: 0.5%

Dedicated to

environmental

wastewater

Japan Set 1

3 Inverter Capacity: 30 Kw EU Pcs 2

4 Disk smooth gas

distribution

Type: fine bubbles

Discharge per plate: Q =

12 m3/hr

Diameter: 12 inches

USA Pcs 120

I. Secondary

sedimentation tank

1 Residue Disposal

Equipment

Motor: The electric

power: 0.55kw, 3phase,

400V, 50Hz


SUS304 & galvanized

iron

Motor:

Italy

Axis &

Sludge

Rotary:

Vietnam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 Gutters collect

water, foam barrier Material: SS304 Viet Nam

Set

(1hđ) 1

32


Y

3 Waste mud Pumps

Type: Submersible

Pumps

Discharge: 84 m3 / h

Pressure column: 8m

The electric power:

2.9kW /

400V/3phase/50Hz


Ailen

Pcs

(1hđ,

1dp)

2

J. Disinfection tank

1 NaOCl Tank Volume: 3.0m3

Material: FRP Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 NaOCl metering

pump

Type: diaphragm pump

Capacity: 49l / h,

Pressure column: 5 bar

The electric power:

0.18KW, 3 phases,

380V, 50Hz

The pump head: PVC

Italia

Pcs

(1hđ,1

dp)

2

6 Discharge Gauges

Flow meter in open

ditches

Type: automatic-

automatic measuring

device for open ditches

with Discharge

Discharge: 0 ~ 10,000

m3/day. night-deviation:

<1% of measuring

range-LCD screen,

which displays

instantaneous and

discharge

Britain/

Germany

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

K. Compressed sludge

tank

1 Sludge residue

disposal Equipment

Motor: The electric

power: 0.25kW, 3phase,

400V, 50Hz


SUS304 & galvanized

iron

Motor:

Italy

Axis &

Sludge

Rotary:

Vietnam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

33


Y

2 Sludge pumps to

sludge dewatering

Type: Screw Sludge

Discharge: 0-4 m3/h,

Pressure column: 3 bar

The electric power: 1.5

kW, 3phase, 400V,

50Hz

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

3 Solenoid Valve

Type: Solenoid Valve

Diameter: DN50

Material: cast iron body,

stainless steel wing

Switzerla

nd

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

L. Sludge dewatering

system

1 Sludge presses

Type: sludge dewatering

belt

Capacity: 1.8-3.7m3 / h

Body: SUS304

Conveyors: PES

Conveyor width:

1000mm

Controller mounted on

the machine


HP

Taiwan Pcs

(1hđ) 1

2 Wash water pump

Type: horizontal shaft

pump

Discharge: 2.9 m3 / h,

Pressure column: 50.4m

The electric power:

1.5KW, 3phase, 400V,

50Hz

Casing & impeller: Cast

iron Shaft: SUS304

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

3 Air Compressors


HP, 1 phase, 380V,

50Hz

Viet Nam Pcs

(1hđ) 1

4 Polymer tank Volume: 1.5m3

Material: FRP Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

5 Clean water Tanks Volume: 1.0m3

Material : PVC Viet Nam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

34


Y

6 Polymer metering

pump

Type: Diaphragm

Capacity: 150L / h,

Pressure column: 5bar

The electric power:

0.18KW, 3 phases,

380V, 50Hz

The pump head: PVC

Italia Pcs

(1hđ) 1

7 Polymer mixing

equipment

Motor:

Speed dial: 150 -200

rpm

The electric power:

1.1kw 3phase, 400V,

50Hz

Axis & paddle:

Material & paddle shaft:

SS304

Motor:

Italy

Axis &

mud

vane:

Vietnam

Pcs

(1hđ) 1

8 Sludge container Material: SS Viet Nam Pcs

(1hđ) 1

M. Meeting room

1 Air-Conditioning Capacity: 1Hp

Vietnam /

Foreign

Import

Set 1

N. Operating Room

1 Electrical cabinets

PLC

PLC controller:

Switches:

Brand: Schneider

Origin: Schneider

Enclosures: powder

coated steel

Origin: Vietnam

EU Set 1

2 SCADA System

Hardware (computers,

printers)

Brand: Dell / Hp

The move signals:

Software: Visual Basic

Viet

Nam/

Imported

Set 1

3 Air conditioner Capacity: 2Hp Viet Nam

/Imported Set 1

O. Transformers

1 Transformer Capacity: 160 KVA Viet Nam Set 1

35


Y

P. Laboratory

1 pH Portable meter Range: pH: 0-14 Germany Set 1

2 DO portable meter Range: DO: 0-25 mg / l Germany Set 1

3

COD measurement

unit

(Spectrophotometer

& the reaction)

Includes: Air &

digestion spectroscopy

a) sample breaker -

heating temperature: ±

0.3oC 100/120/150oC;

Measure COD (150oC) -

For tube: 16.2mm - time

setting mode: 30, 60,

and 120 minute

automatic power off

when reaches the set-

point Voltage:

220V/50Hz b)

spectrometer: -

Wavelength: 605nm and

430nm-display: LCD-

scale: 0 - 150mg / lO2,

or 0 - 1500 mg / l O2, or

0 - 15000mg / l O2-

Power: 9V battery -

automatic shutdown

mode

Germany Set 1

4

BOD measurement

unit

(Spectrophotometer

& the reaction)

Includes: measurement

unit and BOD incubator

a) Incubator: Capacity

180 L

b) The measured BOD

ad 6 places

Measuring range: 0-

4000 mg / l

Germany Set 1

5 Analytical

Capacity: 210g

Accuracy: 0.001g

Pan size 100 mm

LCD Screen Display

Foreign calibration

Having RS232 port

Germany Set 1

36


Y

6 Drying cabinet

Volume: 111 Liter

Working temperature

range: 15 ° C above

ambient temperature up

to 240 oC

Installation time: 1 hour

59 minutes to 99

minutes

Germany Set 1

7 Vacuum filters

Brand: Origin: USA /

Japan / Vacuum Pump

Discharge: 16 liters /

min pump pressure:

4.2bar Power:

220V/50Hz b / glass

filter funnel glass funnel

V = 300ml, used for

47mm filters Covered

including clamps,

silicone tubing, 1 liter

glass bottle tubes,

47filter paper

USA/

Japan Set 1

8 Microscope

Magnification 1000x

2 eyepieces

4 achromatic objective

lens

Germany Pcs 1

9 Glassware

Pipettes 1ml , 2ml, 5ml

Erlen Meyer 25ml,

50ml, 100ml

Beaker 50ml, 100ml,

250ml, 500ml, 1000ml.

Glass rod 30cm

Viet Nam Set 1

10 sludge Cylinders Measuring the sludge,

1000 ml Viet Nam pcs 2

11

Chemical

experiments

sufficient for 3

months of active

treatment systems

Set 1

1

COD automatic

measuring

equipment

Type: automatic type

use for the effluent have

low SS. Measurement:

absorption UV254nm

(0~600 Abs/m).

Measuring range:

0~10,000 mg/L.

Accuracy: ± 5~10%.

France /

Germany Pcs 1

37


Y

engine block is powder

coated steel, protection

IP54- there’re ways to

analog 4~20mA

2

The MPA48 display

and control analyzer

Attach with pH, DO

and TSS sensor

Brand: INSITEIG

From: USA

The MPA48 display and

control analyzer connect

to pH, DO and TSS

sensor:

- It can attach 4-8 sensor

(pH, TSS, DO, ORP)

-And have 4-8 output for

sensors

USA/

Germany Pcs 1

3 pH Sensor

- Type: automatic

measurement

- Measurement: glass

electrode

- Measuring range: 0~14

pH

- Accuracy: ≤ ±5%

- measurement cycle:

continuous

-Attach to the MPA48

display and control

analyzer

USA Pcs 1

4 DO Sensor

- Type: automatic

measurement

- Measurement: optical

- Fluorescent, not

membrane electrode

- Measuring range: 0~25

mg/l


- measurement cycle:

continuous

- integrated with

temperature sensor

USA/

Germany Pcs 1

5 TSS Sensor

- Type: automatic

measurement

- Measurement:

Nephelometric (infrared

emitter at 880 nm by

pulse)

- Measuring range:

0~1,000 mg/L

USA/

Germany Pcs 1

38


Y


- Accuracy: : continuous

- Measuring time: 1

minutes /times

- integrated with

temperature sensor

- Attach to the MPA48

display and control

analyzer

6

Protection Cubicle,

lightning protection

and other

installation

accessories

- Steel cubicle

- Surge Protection

transformer

- The on-site data

storage and connected to

the PC by Ethernet

Modbus TCP/IP and

Modbus RS485 displays

all the parameters: pH,

DO, TSS, COD.

Mounting on the cabinet.

- Wastewater samples

Pump

Vietnam Pcs 1

R. The others items

1 The water level

switch Type: Float switch Italia Pcs 1

2 Railing material: SUS304

length: 190m Vietnam Pcs 1

3 Lighting Systems Vietnam Pcs 1

4 Lightning protection

system Vietnam Pcs 1

5 Fire prevention and

fire fighting

gaseous CO2 - 5 kg (2

pots)

powder - 8 kg (2 pots)

Vietnam Pcs 1

S. Technology

Pipeline Pcs 1

1 Chemical and water

pipes system Type: uPVC, 6 bar Vietnam Pcs 1

2 Waste water, sludge,

gas pipes system Type: SS304 Vietnam Pcs 1

T. Electrical line Pcs 1

39


Y

1 Pipes, troughs

protect cable

Material :

+ trough of cable: zinc

coated steel

+ Protect pipe: PVC

Vietnam Pcs 1

2 Cable Brand: Cadivi

Type : PVC/PVC Vietnam Pcs 1

1

COD automatic

measuring

equipment

Type: automatic type

use for the effluent have

low SS. Measurement:

absorption UV254nm

(0~600 Abs/m).

Measuring range:

0~10,000 mg/L.

Accuracy: ± 5~10%.

engine block is powder

coated steel, protection

IP54- there’re ways to

analog 4~20mA

France /

Germany Pcs 1

1.3.5. Sludge Treatment Technology

Excess sludge from the primary and secondary clarifiers will be pumped to the

compressed mud tank periodically, where sewage sludge is concentrated by gravity

sedimentation method, then collected to the tank bottom by the sediment brusher

system. Depending on the concentration of biomass in the sludge tank that total

dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 2-3% before being pumped into the sludge

dewatering process for separating water from the mud. Sludge after dewatering in the

form of cake will be packaged and stored in a dry mud warehouse before bringing to

sanitary landfills. Wastewater from sludge tank and excess sludge dewatering will be

circulated to the pump pit for reprocessing.

The project owner will sign contracts with Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock

Environment Company. Dong Nai Urban Environment Service One Member

Company, Tan Thien Nhien Co, Ltd, Sonadezi Joint Stock Enironment Treatment

Company etc. for collecting and handling whole sludge in accordance with the

provisions of the current law.

Hazardous waste treatment technologies of the mentioned above companies has been

licensed by the Vietnam Environment Administration within Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment.

40

1.3.6. Traffic system

Currently, the transportation system in general, especially transporting material roads

for waste water treatment plant of Phuoc Industrial Zone has been invested completely

and was put into formal operation. Specifically, is presented as follows:

(1).Outbound traffic

Tam Phuoc related areas road – Loc An is the main road connecting An Phuoc

industrial zone with Long Duc Industrial Zone to Highway 51 (section 2'-2 ') with

width of 32m (16m roadway, sidewalks 2x8 = 16m).

(2).Main traffic

Includes roads along the 09 and 05 connected to the main road, this road connects

perpendicularly the line 06 from industrial zones to the surrounding areas and vice

versa. This is the framework to arrange the internal network:

- Road 05: building line is 50m (5m-14m-2m-14m-5m). From road 05 to Road 02

(sections 2-2) have building line 32m (4.5 m-10, 2m-5m - 10.5 m - 4.5 m);

- Clips from the 06 to the southern boundary (sections 1-1) have building line 40m

(5m-14m-2m-5m-14m);

- Road 06 and Road 09 (section 3-3 is 30m (4,5m- 21m -4,5m).

(3).Internal traffic

Internal road network is connected perpendicular to the main road (sections 4-4) with

corridor of 20m (5m - 10m - 5m):

Table 1.5. Table of internal road corridor

No Road Length

Cross section of the road Corridor

(m)

Symbol

section left

margin

carriage

way

right

margin

A Outbound traffic 4,572

Tam Phuoc

street – Loc An

320 8 16 8 32 2-2

1 5 street 465 4.5 10.5 (2)

10.5

4.5 32 2-2

776 5 14 (2) 14 5 40 1-1

2 6 street 1,954 4.5 21 4.5 30 3-3

3 9 street 727 4.5 21 4.5 30 3-3

B Internal traffic 8,670

1 1 street 597 5 10 5 20 4-4

2 2 street 2,104 5 10 5 20 4-4

3 3 street 1,109 5 10 5 20 4-4

41

4 4 street 1,262 5 10 5 20 4-4

5 7 street 1,098 5 10 5 20 4-4

6 8 street 1,082 5 10 5 20 4-4

7 10 street 737 5 10 5 20 4-4

8 11 street 681 5 10 5 20 4-4

Total 13,242

Traffic road’s area is 30.94 ha, accounting for 15.3% of overall area (including the

area of outbound traffic roads). Length density in the area is 6.6 km/km2 (including

length of outbound traffic roads).

(4).Intersections and parking lot

Intersections are designed with center radius of R = 20m, and control external radius

of R = 45m. Parking lot are arranged access alternately with buildings.

1.3.7. System of hazardous wastes management at An Phuoc Industrial Zone

System of hazardous waste management in An Phuoc Industrial Zone has now been

invested and completely constructed. Specifically, it is presented as follows:

(1).Municipal solid waste

- None -Hazardous Solid Waste: make collecting, sorting at source by the sanitary

devices as prescribed;

- The project will allocate the composite container with a lid in the area of waste

generation (the operating, service areas, transportation routes etc.) and specialized

hygiene team will conducted to collect the waste to transfer station of the Industrial

Zone before contracting the function units to handle and process periodically. Transfer

station has an area of 350m2, which is covered and concreted. Transfer station is

located in the west area next to the waste water treatment plant of IPs to temporarily

store the entire municipal waste arising.

(2).Hazardous and non-hazardous industrial solid waste

- Hazardous and non-hazardous industrial solid waste: The project owner currently

invested to build the warehouse next to the municipal waste transfer station with an

area of 200m2, which is covered and concreted. Particularly, hazardous waste

generated from enterprises in the Industrial Zone will be storage in the specilized

warehouse with separate cells to storage different types of hazardous wastes.

Hazardous waste warehouse is located in right places, which is covered and labeled.

- These wastes must be classified by enterprises at the sources into municipal waste,

non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste before delivery to functional units to collect

and dispose;

- Coordinate with the functional authorities to check the waste management

performance of enterprises in the Industrial Zone to comply with the current

regulations.

42

(3). Enterprises in IPs

− Collection, sorting, transport and treatment as regulated, including :

+ Registering the owners of hazardous wastes sources with local environmental

management agencies;

+ Non-hazardous solid waste: Carrying out collecting, sorting at the sources by

the hygienic instrument in accordance with the relevant regulation;

+ Hazardous waste: sorting, packing, preservation and storage in accordance with

the hazardous waste management regulation at the sources, then transported to

the disposal areas. The hazardous waste must be properly labeled and indicated

the necessary information as requested by the regulations;

+ Storing the classified wastes in the sanitary containers or in bags with

distinctive colors, disposing the waste into the right places;

+ Signing service’s contracts with function units for waste collection,

transportation and disposal ;

+ Prohibiting enterprises to dispose waste in the unplanned areas, caused

environmental pollution to the Industrial Zone

(4).Investors and IZ infrastructure management (Tin Nghia Corporation)

To perform the collection, transportation and treatment of all types of waste generated

in Industrial Zones, the project owner will implement the following measures:

- Non-hazardous and hazardous industrial solid waste: the company will construct the

transfer station and warehouse to collect and store solid wastes generated from the

enterprises in the IPs

- The waste must be classified by the enterprises at sources into separate types of

domestic waste, non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste before delivery to the

functional units to collect and dispose.

- Coordinate with the functional authorities to check the waste management

performance of enterprises in the Industrial Zone to comply with the current

regulations.

At the present, there has been a number of companies licensed in handling hazardous

waste in Dong Nai province, such as Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock

Environment Company, Dong Nai Urban Environment Service One Member

Company, Tan Thien Nhien Co, Ltd, Sonadezi Joint Stock Enironment Treatment

Company etc. The enterprises in the industrial zone can also sign contracts with the

service companies to collect and dispose.

In addition, to strengthen the management and disposal of solid waste as requested by

the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province, the project owner will closely

cooperate with the Dong Nai Industrial Zones Administration and Department of

Natural Resources and Environment in checking and monitoring the solid waste

management performance in the industrial zone.

43

1.3.8. Risk Management in An Phuoc Industrial Zone

The environmental emergency cases may be included : Fire and exploitation, chemical

and oil spills, damage of drainage system and the wastewater treatment plant.

(1).Explosion and fire prevention

(i).Fire due to electricity overload

To avoid electricity overload, the following measures will be applied:

- When designing it must be selected the conductivity wires with cross-section, that is

suitable with the electric current;

- Do not use the equipment with capacity higher that the design capacity;

- Regularly check the temperature of machinery and equipment to avoid the fire due to

overheating;

-Replace leaky piece of wire, which can cause electric shock.

- Installation of automatic power off when electrical power is overloaded.

- Strictly follow the electricity safety regulation

(ii).Fire Prevention by lightning

- Design and installation of lightning rod system for An Phuoc Industrial Zones with

column densities specified by the relevant standards.

- Enterprises in the Industrial Zone have to install lightning protection systems for

their facilities.

(2).Leakage of sewer pipelines

- Regulate the safe isolation distance for the water and sewer pipelines;

- Regularly inspect and maintain the joints, valves on the water and sewer pipelines;

- Prohibit construction of works in the safe isolation area for the water and sewer

pipeline;

(3).The problem with the central waste water treatment plant

(i).Prevention

- Use materials with high strength and corrosion resistance;

- Regularly monitor the wastewater quality at the outlet of the wastewater treatment

plant to avoid the serious environmental pollution;

- Make the regular maintenance plan for equipment and machinery.

- Prepare spare parts, spare equipment to proactively and quickly overcome when the

incident occurred

44

(ii). Incidents Rescue

- Build incident scenarios and response plans.

- Make the regular plan for checking and repairing the machinery and equipment.

- Build the balance tank to regulate the flow and effluent concentration before

pumping the wastewater treatment system.

- Build the ecological pond to store wastewater when the incident occurred on the

central wastewater treatment systems.

(iii).Survey of chemical leakage and safe exposure to chemicals

- The chemicals are transported to the wastewater treatment plant with special facilities

provided by the supplier;

- Chemicals are stored appropriately in the warehouse;

- Strictly follow the regulations on storage and use of the chemicals in accordance to

the manufacturer's instructions;

- All workers involved in the chemical industry are guiding safety measures when

exposed to the chemicals;

- When working with chemicals, workers should wear the personal safety equipment

such as masks, glasses, gloves etc.

1.4. TOTAL INVESTMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF

COMPONENT No 2

1.4.1. Investment budgets

The investment budget of the project is a part of investment budget of infrastructure

construction of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, which has been calculated in the project of

An Phuoc Industrial Zone Investment and loan form the environmental protection

funds. Total investment of the project is presented in Table 2.6.

Table 1.6. Estimated total investment of the project

STT JOB CONTENTS Price

(VNĐ)

1 Building 10,050,551,000

2 Equipment, technological pipe & electric 8,828,846,000

3 Costs of transport and installation 520,000,000

4 Running trials and other appendages 2,317,008,000

TOTAL (INCLUDE VAT) 23,888,000,000

In words: Twenty-three billion, eight hundred and eighty eight million VND.

1.4.2. The Project Implementation Plan

June - July, 2012: Completion of the legal documents

45

June - August, 2012: Construction works

June 2013: Installation of equipment, piping systems;

July 2013: Commissioning;

August – September, 2013: Technology transfer and liquidation.

46

CHAPTER 2 NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS

2.1.1. Geographical conditions

(1).Terrain

- Planning area land is located on the slopes of hills, the terrain is relatively flat,

sloping towards the middle of 2 from the northwest and the southeast with an average

slope of 0.8%, the smallest slope is 0, 24% and the maximum slope of up to 2%.

Ground elevation varies from 48.69 m (southeast) down to 19.0 m (north-west).

(National Elevation);

- Areas with high ground, completely unaffected tidal regime in the rivers.

(2).Geology

According to the report on engineering geology and hydrogeology survey,

implemented by the Engineering Geology Federation - Southern Hydrogeological

Union at the project area there are some layers distributed from top to bottom as

follows:

(i).The first Layer: layer of soil:

- This layer is widely distributed; thickness of about 1.0 m;

- Soil composition including: sand, sandy loam and loam and plant roots;

- Land weakly porous lightweight, waterproof good.

(ii).The second layer: Clay, sand gray, gray-brown, gray-yellow in hard plastic state:

- This layer lies above the water table. Results of the analysis showed that soil

composition is clay particles, sand and the ratio of 56% sand, 17% dirt and 18% clay;

- Moisture from 12.98 to 21.32%;

- Natural Weight capacity from 1.81 to 1.97 g/cm3;

- Adhesion force from 0.05 to 0.25 kg/cm2.

(iii).The third layer: sandy soil, clay gray and stained in places kaolin in the plastic

state drive:

The top of this layer occurs in depth from 14.0 to 17.5 m, the bottom layer

encountered at depths from 19.0 to 25.0 m. They are located below the water table.

The only goal of the class is as follows:

- Moisture from 13.99 to 21.18%;


- Adhesion force from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cm2

47

(iv).The fourth layer: Class of sand, gravel, quartz:

- The depth of the top layer from 19.0 to 25.0 m, the bottom layer from 20.0 to 26.5 m;

- The thickness is thin, discontinuous.

(v).The fifth layer: clay, white clay gray, variegated yellow, hard plastic to plastic

state:

This layer is distributed in relatively large depths, from the top layer having a depth of

20.0 to 26.5 m, the bottom from 29.0 to 31.0 m. Mechanical characteristics of the class

as follows:

- Grain: 22% sand, 38% dirt, clay 40% L;

- Natural humidity from 19.85 to 32.35%;


- Adhesion force from 0.140 to 0.51 kg/cm2.

(vi). The sixth layer: red brown clay, mahogany red hard plastic state:

- This layer is not continuous distributions; roof depth from 29.0 to 31.0 m to 33.0 m

and the bottom is not controlled at all. This clay layer tends to stabilize, gradually

thickening to the north, the northeast crust of clay powder;

- Soil particle composition: clay 40-48%, Dust 32-36%, sand 18-29%;

- Natural moisture: 26.53 to 28.55%;

- Natural weight capacity: 1.94 to 1.95 g/cm3;

- Cohesive force: 0.40 to 0.45 kg/cm2.

(vii).The seventh layer: Claystone, siltstone ocher, gray gold:

- Distribution deep below +20 m high or less, the formation Dacrium (K2dr);

- Stone Yellow gray cracked weak, rigid unbreakable hammer beating, with the high-

strength;

Comment:

- The geology of the project area to facilitate construction activities due to the load

bearing capacity of the soil thus reducing high cost foundation treatment works;

- The land in the project area is mostly clay should reduce the permeability of the

waste into soil surface and the groundwater below.

2.1.2. Hydrological Conditions

Sources of receiving waste water from the wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc

Industrial Zone is the Nuoc Trong stream, which flows through the area in 3

communes, including Tam Phuoc, An Phuoc and Tam An, Long Thanh district, Dong

Nai province. The upstream is located at an altitude of 50.6 m within Tam Phuoc

48

commune, the downstream is located at an altitude of 1.2 m within Tam An Commune.

Total length of the longest tributary stream is 19,660 m, of which:

- The narrow section with length of 8,830m runs from Tam Phuoc commune, cutting

across Highway 51, this segment have the width from 2-4 m;

- The large section with length of 10,830 m, accounting from An Phuoc commune

flowing through Tam An commune, this segment have an average width of 6 m, the

narrowest width of approximately 2 m, the widest part of 8 m width is located near the

adjacent downstream of the Dong Nai river.

According to the project report "Integrate assessing of exploitation status for planning

and management of water resources of the Dong Nai river” implemented by the

Southern Institute of Irrigation Planning in 2006 year, the Nuoc Trong stream have the

catchment area of 58,40km2, the average flow of 1,346 m3/s, average flow module of

23.05 l/s/km2. Maximum flow in October was 3,082 m3/s, the lowest flow was 0.265

m3/s in April.

Table 2.1. Measurement results of Nuoc Trong stream hydrological conditions

No Day Time Water

level

(cm)

The

width of

the

water

surface

(cm)

The

average

depth

(m)

The

average

speed of

horizontal

surface

(m/s)

Inflow

(m3/s)

Sectional

area

(m2)

1 04/02 9h30 4006 8.2 0.24 0.67 1.340 2.00

2 14/02 9h05 3998 7,.6 0.18 0.56 0.749 1.34

3 24/02 8h40 3996 7.5 0.17 0.56 0.717 1.27

4 03/03 9h30 3997 7.5 0.19 0.52 0.729 1.40

5 10/03 8h50 3668 7.6 0.20 0.52 0.779 1.49

6 17/03 8h05 3995 7.5 0.18 0.47 0.636 1.34

7 24/03 8h10 4009 8.5 0.26 0.68 1.540 2.25

8 31/03 8h45 3997 7.5 0.20 0.50 0.772 1.53

9 06/04 10h00 3990 7.1 0.14 0.43 0.426 0.98

10 11/04 8h30 3991 7.2 0.14 0.44 0.452 1.02

11 17/04 9h45 3992 7.3 0.15 0.47 0.511 1.09

12 25/04 8h45 3996 7.5 0.18 0.54 0.743 1.38

Source: Southern Institute of Irrigation Planning, 2006

2.1.3. Climate

The project area is located in the areas affected by climate of Long Thanh district,

Dong Nai province. This area has a moderate climate conditions, fluctuations between

the time of year, the day is not high, the humidity is not too high, not directly affected

by the floods. The basic parameters are presented as follows:

(1).The air temperature

49

Air temperature directly affect the metabolism and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The higher air temperature, the more rapid rate of chemical reactions

occurred and the small duration of pollutants persisted. The variation of the

temperature affects the spread of dust and gas, the heat exchange process of the body

and health workers. Air temperatures is high and relatively stable throughout the year.

- Average annual temperature: 26.0 ° C

- The highest average temperature of 36 - 38oC

- Average lowest temperature year: 9 - 11oC

- Temperature range is reached during the dry season: 5 - 12oC

- Temperature range is reached during the rainy season: 5.5 - 8oC

(2).Solar radiation

Solar radiation is one of the important factors that directly affect the thermal regime in

the region and thereby affect atmospheric stability level and distribution process, the

transformation of pollutants. Solar radiation will directly alter the temperature of an

object, which depends on the ability to reflect and absorb its radiation as coating

surface, paint, surface properties etc.:

- Average sunshine duration from 2000-2200 hours / year;

- Every day is 10-13 hours of sunlight (the dry season);

- The intensity of illumination at noon may be up to 100,000 lux.

(3).Hours of sunshine

Total sunshine hours are changed from 2000-2700 hours/year. The dry season is also

the sunshine season, which accounts for 56-66% of the total annual hours of sunshine.

The highest average sunshine reachs 9.5 hours/day, the lowest one is 4 hours/day. In

dry season, sunlight may reach to 10-12 hours /day, while the rainy season, there may

be no sunshine in whole day.

(4).Air humidity

Air humidity as well as air temperature is one of the natural elements, which directly

affect the metabolism and distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere, the heat

exchange process of the body and health of workers:

- Average annual humidity: 78% - 84%

- Highest annual humidity: 90% - 92%

- Lowest annual humidity: 72% - 76%

50

(5).Evaporation

- The highest monthly average evaporation: 100-250 mm

- The lowest monthly average evaporation: 40-70 mm

- Average annual evaporation: 1,100 mm - 1,300 mm

(6).The rainfall regime

The rainfall regime affect air quality. When dropping, the rain washs the dust and

pollutants in the atmosphere as well as the pollutants on the ground where rainwater

falls through. Stormwater quality depends on the quality of the atmosphere and

environment in the region:

- The average rainfall in the district was 1,800 mm. Rainfall is high, but unevenly

distributed in the month of the year;

- The rainy season lasts about six months from May to November, accounting for 87-

88% of the annual rainfall. The wettest months are August, September, October. The

wettest month averagely can reach 300-400 mm /month;

- In the remaining months of the year, the rainfall is very low, which called dry season,

total rainfall in the dry season (November to May of the next year) accounts for 12-

13% of the annual rainfall. In January and February, there is a little rain, even in many

years, there were no rain.

(7).Wind regime

Wind is an important factor in the dispersion and spread of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The greater wind speed, the higher ability to spread dust and pollutants as

far away, the higher ability to dilute pollutants with clean air. Each year there are two

main seasons, dry season have the Northeast monsoon, rain season have the Southwest

one. Average annual wind speed is 2.0 to 2.2 m/s, maximum one is 2.5 to 3.0 m/s (9.0

to 11.0 km / h), it is less affected by the storm.

Statistics on wind direction and wind direction frequency of each month at Bien Hoa

meteorological station, recorded by the Southern Hydro-Meteorological Station are

presented as follows:

51

January

February

0

5

10

15

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

March

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

April

0

2

4

6

8

10

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

May

0

3

6

9

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

June

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

15.0

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

Junly August

52

0

8

16

24

32

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

September

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

October

0

2

4

6

8

10

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

``

November

0

2

4

6

8

10

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

December

0

5

10

15

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

Figure 2.1. Monthly wind direction and frequency at Bien Hoa station

Comment:

(i).Advantages:

- According to the Pasquil classification of atmospheric sustainability, the level of the

53

atmosphere sustainability in the project area is dominated B and C classes, in which

75% of the B class or natural conditions in the project area are favourable for

dispersion of gaseous pollutants;

- Thermal regime in the project area is to facilitate the process of biodegradation of

waste.

(ii).Difficulties:

- Temperature regime is quietly high and stable in whole year, therefore, that may

affect directly to the liquid fuel tank located in the project area;

- High rainfall will affect the stormwater drainage capacity and industrial hygiene, if

there is the absence of appropriate control measures;

- Application of sludge drying yard for excess sludge from the wastewater treatment

plant of the project will be difficult in the rainy season.

2.1.4. Environmental State

To assess the status of regional environmental quality of the project is expected, the

project owner was associated with the Institute for Environment and Resource to

survey, sample and analyze the environmental quality in the area on May 20, 2013.

(1).Current status of air quality and noise

Air samples are taken at 3 points in the project area, which are described in the

following table.

Table 2.2. Results of air quality analysis

No Samples Noise

dBA

wind

speed

(m/s)

Humidity

(%)

Concentration ( gµ /m3)

Dust SO2 NO2 CO

1 KK1 66.7 2.0 73.1 112 52 73 4619

2 KK2 68.9 1.7 72.3 108 51 72 4916

3 KK3 60.2 2.0 73.4 107 53 71 4913

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - - 300 350 200

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT 70 - - - -

Note:

- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality;

- QCVN: 2010 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise

Location of sampling sites:

- KK1 - Area residents near the junction of the project, coordinates (412482.85,

1198870.2)

- KK2 - On land routes through IZ projects, coordinates (413038.15, 1198917.46)

54

- KK3 - the population of the area before the IZ projects, coordinates (412619.43,

1198505.85)

Comment:

- Dust pollution: dust concentrations ranged from 107-112 µg/m3 are lower than the

regulations (<300 µg/m3). The results showed that the dust concentration in the

sampling points meet the regulations QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT;

- Pollution by SO2: SO2 concentrations are ranged from 51-53 µg/m3. The analytical

results at all monitoring locations within the project area shown that SO2

concentrations are lower than the regulations many times;

- NO2 pollution: NO2 concentrations are ranged from 71-73 µg/m3, which are lower

than the regulations;

- Noise: Noise in the measured locations is ranged from 60.2 to 68.9 dBA, which was

lower than the regulation.

According to analysis results, ambient air around the proposed project is not polluted.

The process of building infrastructure will impact on the air quality, investor will

interest to control and manage the air quality in the project implementation process.

(2).Current status of surface water quality

While the project went into operation, waste water will discharge into the Nuoc Trong

stream, the analysis results of surface water quality in the project area is presented in

Table 2.3:

Table 2.3. Results of water quality analysis

No Indicator Unit

Sample QCVN

08:2008/BTNMT

column A2 NM1 NM2

1 pH - 5.73 8.02 5,5– 9

2 DO mg/l 4.68 3.72 ≥ 2

3 BOD5 mg/l 1 5 25

4 COD mg/l 20 23 50

5 SS mg/l 3 10 100

6 Cu mg/l ND (<0,001) 0.02 1

7 Zn mg/l 0.04 0.052 2

8 Fe mg/l 0.136 0.202 2

9 As mg/l 0.02 0.04 0.1

10 Pb mg/l ND ND 0.05

11 Hg mg/l ND ND 0.002

12 Oil and

grease mg/l

ND ND 0.3

13 Coliform MPN/100ml 1.2x102 1.2x102 10,000

14 Ecoli MPN/100ml 30 1.1x102 200

55

Samples positions:

NM1 – The Nuoc Trong stream in the wastewater discharge area from An Phuoc IZ

with coordinates (412823.73; 1199127.21);

NM2 – At the bridge crossing the Nuoc Trong stream in the wastewater discharge area

from An Phuoc IZ with coordinates (413074.9; 1199074.76)

Comment: Comparing the analysis results with QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, column B2

shown that the parameters meet the regulations.

(3).Current status of groundwater quality

Results of groundwater quality analysis is presented in table 2.4.

Table 2.4. Results of groundwater quality analysis

No Indicator Unit Sample QCVN

09:2008/BTNMT NN1 NN2

1 pH - 3.5 4.25 5.5-8.5

2 Hardness mg CaCO3/l 6 12 500

3 COD (KMnO4) mg/l 2 1 -

4 Cl- mg/l 1 15 250

5 SO42- mg/l 0.081 0.77 400

6 N-NH3 mg/l 0.47 0.28 -

7 N-NO3- mg/l 0.75 3.83 15

8 Coliforms MPN/100ml 2 20 3

Groundwater sampling locations:

NN1: Groundwater sample located inside the industrial zone with coordinates

(412543.97, 1198819.47)

NN2: Groundwater sample located outside the Industrial Zone with coordinates

(413071.02, 1198940.32)

Comment: The results of the groundwater quality analysis shown that the ground water

quality at the sampling sites is still good, except for pH parameter, coliforms of sample

NN2, which are violated the QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT.

(4). Environmental status of land

Location of soil sampling, soil quality results are described in Table 2.5

56

Table 2.5. Resultsof soil quality analysis

No Indicator Unit D2 D1 QCVN

03:2008/BTNMT

1 Pb mg/kg 2.11 0.98 70

2 As mg/kg 0.32 ND 12

3 Cd mg/kg 0.01 0.04 2

4 Zn mg/kg 1.18 1.73 200

5 Cu mg/kg 0.45 0.52 50

Note: QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Soil quality - maximum permissible limits of heavy

metals in the soil, used for welfare purposes, entertainment and recreation.

Soil sampling locations:

- D1: Soil sample taken in the Industrial Zone with coordinates (412482.85,

1198870.2);

- D2: The orchards land in the Industrial Zone with coordinates (413038.15,

1198917.46).

Comment: The results of the basic parameters and heavy metals analysis in soil

showed that the parameters are lower than the regulation QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT.

Location of soil sampling in the project area is presented in attached appendix.

2.2. BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2.2.1. Mangroves

Long Thanh mangrove ecosystem has a total natural area of 7,953 ha. This ecosystem

is affected by sea water intrusion and salinity of the river was pushed to create a

dynamic area - abundant vegetation. In the mangrove areas have different kinds of

trees such as: Avicennia, Rhizophora, shortening, parrots, and evolved further, when

the population decreased salinity coconut water instead. Deep inland, where land is

sour, with the categories: energy, buying growth. The land is less acidic than the

grower, palm, holly, roasted appearance. Very rich flora, 84 species of vascular plants

with 72 genera, 38 families of Magnoliophyta 2 and Polypodiophyta branch.

Not only plants but also animals and aquatic equally diverse. Through the survey,

where the presence of more than 20 species of mammals, over 100 species of birds, 30

reptiles and 9 amphibians. Regarding fisheries, where there are 3 main groups. The

first group includes 36 species of mollusks (including 25 species of gastropods, 1 and

2 species of mollusc’s shells), which present some economic value species such as

shrimp, crabs ...). The most abundant group of animals here is fish: there are 137

species, belonging to 39 families and 13 orders. These are very specific species of

57

mangrove ecoregions, we live in coastal estuaries. Some fish are very valuable

economically as we know it: pineapple fish, mullet, fish floral, black grouper ...

2.2.2. Phytoplankton and zooplankton

(1).Phytoplankton

The analytical results of phytoplankton composition recorded on 20 May 2013 shown

that there are 75 taxa of 04 phylum: Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Cyanophyta (algae

phylum), Chlorophyta (green algae phylum), Euglenophyta (eyes algae phylum).

Table 2.6. Phytoplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations

No Species composition

Frequency meeting and

individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

Bacillariophyta

1 Bidulphia sp. +

2 Caloneis sp. + +

3 Cocconeis sp. + +

4 Cyclotella comta + + +

5 Cyclotella sp. +

6 Cymbella sp. +

7 Cymbella tumida +

8 Eunotia asterionelloides +

9 Eunotia sp1. + + +

10 Eunotia sp2. + +

11 Demogonium guyanense +

12 Diatoma elongatum + +

13 Fragillaria sp. + + +

14 Gomphonema sphaerophorum + +

15 Gyrosigma attenatum + +

16 Melosira granulata var. Angustissma + +

17 Melosira sp. +

18 Navicula dicephala +

19 Navicula grevilleii +

20 Navicula sp1. + +

21 Navicula sp2. + +

22 Nitzschia closterium +

23 Nitzschia sp1. +

24 Nitzschia sp2. + +

25 Pinnularia sp. + +

26 Surirella linearis + +

27 Surirella ovata +

28 Surirella robusta +

29 Surirella sp. +

30 Synedra acus +

58



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

31 Triceratium sp. + +

Chlorophyta

32 Actinastrum sp. + +

33 Closterium cornu + +

34 Closterium lunula + +

35 Coelastrum cambricum +

36 Coelastrum microsporum +

37 Coenocystis sp. +

38 Cosmarium sp1. +

39 Cosmarium obtusatum +

40 Crucigenia sp. +

41 Dictyosphaerium sp. +

42 Gonium sp. +

43 Oocystis sp. +

44 Pediastrum boryanum +

45 Pediastrum duplex + +

46 Pediastrum simplex +

47 Pediastrum tetras + + +

48 Senedesmus acuminatus +

49 Senedesmus bicaudatus +

50 Senedesmus bijuga +

51 Senedesmus denticulatus +

52 Senedesmus protuberans + +

53 Senedesmus quadricauda + +

54 Staurastrum sp. + +

55 Tetraedron regulare + +

Cyanophyta

56 Aphanocapsa sp. + +

57 Aphanothece sp. +

58 Lyngbya sp. + +

59 Merismopedia minima + +

60 Microcystis aeruginosa +

61 Microcystis wesenbergii +

62 Oscillatoria sp. + + +

63 Oscillatoria sp2. + +

64 Spirulina sp. + +

Euglenophyta

65 Euglena acus +

66 Euglena oxyuris + +

67 Gonyostomum sp. +

68 Lepocinclis fusiformis + +

69 Lepocinclis sp. + +

70 Phacus anocoelus + +

59



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

71 Phacus helicoides +

72 Phacus longicauda +

73 Phacus platalea +

74 Trachelomonas oblonga +

75 Trachelomonas sp. +

In particular, the number of phylum with the dominant species is Bacillariophyta (31

species), Chlorophyta (24 species). The recorded algae species are freshwater ones,

which grow well in water flowing environment with relatively organic rich.

Results of quantitative analysis of phytoplankton density, percentage distribution is

presented in Tables 2.7-2.8.


sampling locations


sampling locations

No

Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (unit/litter)

M1 M2 M3

1 Bacillariophyta 4.130 1.855 1.515

2 Chlorophyta 16.235 535 240

3 Cyanophyta 48.750 635 5.375

4 Euglenophyta 210 3.600 0

Total 69.325 6.625 7.130

Table 2.9. Composition and percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the surface

water sampling locations

No

Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (%)

M1 M2 M3

1 Bacillariophyta 0,60 28,00 21,25

2 Chlorophyta 23,42 8,08 3,37

3 Cyanophyta 70,32 9,58 75,38

4 Euglenophyta 5,66 54,34 0,00

Total 100 100 100

Results of biological quantitative analysis shown that density fluctuations between the

sampling locations are relatively large from 6,625-69,325 individuals/liter. The density

distribution is quite clear difference between the point M1 (69,325 individuals/lit) and

the location M2 (6,625 individuals/lit). In particular, in the location M1,phylum

Bacillariophyta is diversed in number of species (27/69 species) but the percentage

60

distribution is lowest comparing with the present phylum in the water basin

(equivalent to 0.60% of total number of individuals recorded at locations M1). At the

same time, the distribution and species composition of phytoplankton at the time of the

survey is influenced mainly from inland freshwater resources with strong currents and

high turbidity.

Number of species present in the locations M1, M2, M3 is ranged from 16-69 species,

showing the diversity of species composition in the study area is relatively high. And

water in the survey watershed is essentially fresh one.

(2).Zooplankton

Through surveys at 03 sampling points (M1, M2, M3) in the water basins in Long

Thanh District, Dong Nai Province it is recorded in the zooplankton composition as

presented in table 2.9.

Table 2.10. Zooplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

Phylum: Aschelminthes

Class: Monogononta

Order: Ploima

Family: Brachionidae

1 Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse + + +

2 Brachionus angularis Gosse +

3 Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas +

4 Brachionus caudatus Asstein +

5 Brachionus dimidiatus + +

6 Brachionus falcatus Zacharias +

7 Brachionus sp1. +

8 Brachionus sp2. +

9 Brachionus sp3. +

Family : Trichocercidae

10 Trichocerca longiseta Scharank + +

11 Trichocerca pusilla Jennings + +

Family : Gastropidae

12 Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch +

Family : Notommatidae

13 Cephalodella misgurnus Wulfert +

Family : Lecanidae

14 Lecane plesia Myers +

15 Lecane ploenensis Voight +

16 Lecane sp. + + +

17 Lecane subtilis Harr. u. Myers +

Family : Colurellidae

61



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

18 Lepadella rhomboideas Gosse +

19 Lepadella sp. + +

Family : Synchaetidae

20 Polyarthra sp. + +

Order : Flosculariaceae

Family : Testudinellidae

21 Pompholyx complanata Gosse +

22 Testudinella patina +

Family: (?)

23 Vanoyella globosa Evens + +

Class: Bdelloidae

Order : Bdelloida

Family : Habrotrochidae

24 Habrotrocha sp. +

Branch : Sarcomastigophora

Class: Lobosea

Order: Arcellinida

Family : Diffugiidae

25 Cucurbitella sp. +

26 Difflugia acuminata +

27 Difflugia lebes +

Order : Tintinnida

Family : Codonellidae

28 Tintinnopsis conecus Chiang +

29 Tintinnopsis cylindrata +

30 Tintinnopsis lobiancoi +

31 Tintinnopsis sp. +

Class: Filosea

Order: Gromiida

Family : Euglyphidae

32 Euglypha tubercula +

Larva

33 Chironomidae diptera +

34 Nauplius copepoda + +

Note:

(?): Uncompleted properties

+: There is the presence of individuals

The analytical results shown that there were 34 species of the zooplankton recorded,

which belong to 02 phylums Aschelmia (Rotatoria), and Sarcomastigophora

(Protozoa), 04 classes, 06 orders, 13 families, 16 genuses. In particular, the species are

distributed as follows:

− Phylum Aschelminthes : 24 species, accounting for 77.42%;

62

− Phylum Sarcomastigophora: 7 species accounted for 22.58%.

In addition, the analysis also noted the presence of two species of copepod larvae and

Chironnomidae dipteral Nauplius. In particular, Chironomus larva (red mosquito

larvae of family Chironomidae – two wings insect of Order Diptera) appears only in

the location NM1. The species are indicators for the environment with nutrient-rich

and medium pollution (mesosaprobic).

The distribution of the dominant phylum Aschelminthes is accounting for 77.42%,

showed that the water is completely fresh with high concentration of organic matter

(Hermann, 1997). In particular, in terms of distribution and development of the

number of zooplankton, can see the indicator species for medium pollution water (β-

mesosaprobic) such as Polyarthra sp., Brachionus calyciflonus and some species are

indicators of α-mesosaprobic pollution water such as Brachionus angularis in the

location M3 , Habrotrocha sp. in location M2.

Table 2.11. Composition and distribution of zooplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations

No Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (unit/m3)

M1 M2 M3

1 Aschelminthes 4.500 18.500 15.000

2 Protozoa 5.000 500 2500

3 Lavar 500 1.500 1.500

Total 10.000 20.500 19.000

Table 2.12. Composition and distribution of zooplankton proportion in the surface

water sampling locations

No

Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (%)

M1 M2 M3

1 Aschelminthes 45,00 90,24 78,95

2 Protozoa 50,00 2,44 13,16

3 Lavar 0,50 7,32 7,89

Total 100 100 100

Results of biological quantitative analysis shown that density fluctuations between the

sampling points are relatively large from 10,000-20,500 individuals/m3. The density

distribution is quite clear difference between point M1 (10,000 individuals/m3) and

point M2 (20,500 individual/m3). In particular, in point M2, ratio of phylum

Aschelminthes is very high (equivalent to 90.24% of total number of recorded

individuals), showed that the water body at the survey time mainly influenced from

inland freshwater with strong currents and high turbidity.

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Number of existing species in the locations M1, M2, M3 is ranged from 11-17 species,

showing the diversity of species composition in the study area is relatively low.

Protozoa density in the location M1 is relatively high (50%), shown that in this

watershed have higher nutrients than the other locations - where the presence of the

species of class Protozoa preferred in the sand bottom, strong flowing water.

2.2.3.Benthos

The results of analysis of benthos composition and density are shown in the tables 2.12,

2.13.

Table 2.13. Results of benthos analysis

No The scientific name The number of individuals counted

LT1 LT2 LT3

OLIGOCHAETA

1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 5 12

2 Branchiura sowerbyi 3 7

POLYCHAETA

3 Namalycastis abiuma 4

4 Nephthys polybranchia 6

GASTROPODA

Viviparidae

5 Cipangopaludina leeythoides 2 2

Thiaridae

6 Melanoides tuberculatus 2

PALAEMONIDAE

7 Macrobrachium vienamense 2

INSECTA LARVA

8 Tanytarsus sp1 7

Lymnogonus fossarum 3

9 Polypedilum sp 4

ODONATA

Libellulidae

10 Neurothemis fulvia 1

Conagrionidae

11 Coenagrionid cerinorubellum 2 1

12 Coenagrionid sp 2

Total 16 17 32

64

Table 2.14. Results of benthos composition and density analysis

No The scientific name Individual density (unit/m3)

LT1 LT2 LT3

OLIGOCHAETA

1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 50 120

2 Branchiura sowerbyi 30 70

POLYCHAETA

3 Namalycastis abiuma 40

4 Nephthys polybranchia 60

GASTROPODA

Viviparidae

5 Cipangopaludina leeythoides 20 20

Thiaridae

6 Melanoides tuberculatus 20

PALAEMONIDAE

7 Macrobrachium vienamense 20

INSECTA LARVA

8 Tanytarsus sp1 70

Lymnogonus fossarum 30

9 Polypedilum sp 40

ODONATA

Libellulidae

10 Neurothemis fulvia 10

Conagrionidae

11 Coenagrionid cerinorubellum 20 10

12 Coenagrionid sp 20

Total 160 170 320

Comment:

Through sample collection and analysis of benthic samples in water bodies in the

project showed that the diversity of benthic species composition is relatively low. With

13 species, including 04 species of worms, 03 species of dragonflies, 02 species of

snails, 01 species of shrimp larvae and 03 species of other insects but the density is

relatively low with quantities of 160-320 individuals/m3. By analyzing the species

composition and density we found that, in sampling location LT2 with the presence of

most species are insect larvae (Coenagrionid, Coenagrionid cerinorubellum,

Neurothemis Fulvia, Lymnogonus fossarum, Polypedilum sp, Tanytarsus sp), which

show relatively good water quality. And in the remaining two locations LT1 and LT3

we see the presence of species such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi,

Nephthys polybranchia, Namalycastis abiuma, which representing the species living in

contaminated water with high organic concentration. Therefore, measures should be

taken to reduce pollution to avoid a threat to the diversity of the fauna in the waters

here. Especially the use of plant protection chemicals, sewage and other domestic

wastes as well as the wastewaters from farmer’s households living around the project

65

area. However, it should be implemented a more intensive study of the fauna in the

locations near to the project to have a solid legal basis for future comparation of the

environmental degradation.

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

As of May 5, 2013 the population of An Phuoc village is 28 896 people. According to

a report on the resolution implementation of the People's Council on Social, Economic

and Defense Security Indicators in the year of 2012, the socio-economic situation of

An Phuoc commune as follows:

2.3.1. The Economic Development

An Phuoc Commune is the area with large agricultural land, undeveloped

infrastructure. Agricultural and livestock production are main economic sectors with

average income per capita is 29 million/year (according to survey data for the new

rural construction). The commune budget revenue is as follows:

- Total commune budget revenue: 5,944,535,716VND/3,404,815,000VND reached

174.62%;

- Total expenses budget: 5,867,384,905VND/4,872,415,000VND reached 120.42%

(including basic construction budget: 3,339,981,086VND and remaining one for

salaries and activities payment.

According to report on the socio-economic situation in 2010 year of the People

Committee of An Phuoc commune, the socio-economic situation status of the

commune is as follows:

(1).Agriculture

Annual crops: The total planted area of 475ha, including:

(i). Rice

Rice: 175ha/300ha, reaching 58.33% of the plan:

- The winter-spring: area of 150ha/150ha, productivity of 4.5 tons/ha, yield of 675

tons;

- The summer-autum: area of 25ha/150ha, productivity of 4,0 tons/ha, yield of 100

tons;

- Tapioca: area of 300ha/300ha, reached 100% of the plan. However, until now the

fugal infection area is approximately 200ha, which likely to be damaged, the

remaining area is expected to be harvested early with reduction of 70% productivity

and low costs due to poor quality.

(ii).Perennial crops:

- Now in the commune there is 558.6 ha of perennial crops of all kinds, down 47 ha

66

over the same period in 2009, the reduced areas are mostly including 242.25 hectares

fruit trees of all kinds, cashew of 262.5 , smallholding rubber of 7.85 ha;

- In 2010 due to erratic weather conditions, the first rain of the season early occur in

the flowering period, therefore, the cashew trees is infected with a lot of diseases,

which led to high yield losses of approximately 65% with unstable prices, that affect to

the producers. The area of fruit trees is generally stable.

(2).Forestry

Currently, the total forest area in the commune is 585ha, increasing 65ha over the

same period in 2009. The reason of this situation is as follows : some farmers stop to

plant cashew and tapioca and switch to planting forest trees, mainly Acacia trees. In

2010, local authority well implement the fire fighting measures, therefore, there was

not any forest fire case happened.

(3).Livestock

Currently the local livestock sector is gradually shifting to big scaled farms with a total

herd of 1,536 cows, 9,958 pigs, 138,000 chickens. Number of poultry, cattle herds

were basically managed to prevent the disease. In 2008 there was no unusual infection

disease occurred. However, the livestock branch has many complicated changes,

therefore, the income of producers is only stable. In the middle of the third quarter to

date, the prices of output products suddenly declined, while prices of input foods are

only gradually reduced, therefore, many farmers, especially pig farmers have capital

losses and meet a lot of financial difficulties.

(4).The industry - services - commercial – handicraft branches

(i).Industry branch:

In general, the industrial development in the commune is relatively stable. At the

present An Phuoc Industrial Zone, 02 industrial clusters and a number of industrial

enterprises located outside IZ are being stably operated.

(ii).The service – commercial branch:

Situation of services - commercial branch development is relatively stable, the number

of households operating in this branch is 1,109, including mainly accommodation for

rent, catering, refreshments.

(iii).Handicraft branch:

Currently there are 249 handicraft production households, which mainly focus in the

following branch groups: construction, steel, mechanical, carpentry, sewing etc.

Overall, these households are being stably operated.

67

2.3.2. The Social Development

(1).Culture- Information - Sports

(i).Culture- Information

The authority of An Phuoc commune have coordinated with the Department of Culture,

Sport and Tourism of Dong Nai province to organize cultural nights, public holidays,

widescreen movies for serving the people and workers.

The commune have participated in the contest organized by the district and joined the

Culture - Arts – Sports exchanges.

(ii).Sports

The local authority have organized the traditional games, and participated in the Phu

Dong district’s health festival; organized friendly football matches between secondary

schools, organized the tradition football championship of An Phuoc commune in 2012.

To maintain regular activities, exercise in the tennis clubs, amateurs forum, nursing

teams, the traditional martial arts classes, karatedo at the Cultural and Sports Center of

the commune.

To coordinate with the related authorities, knowledge dissemination on traffic road

laws, laws on compensation and resettlement support etc.

(2).Health, Population and Family Planning

(i).The work of children's health care

To organize to vaccinate for 221 children under 6 years with enough doses, injection

of 5 in 1 for 73 children, Rubela service vaccination for 345 children, 224 pregnant

women, children drinking Vitamin A for 756 children, supplying the Health Insurance

Card for 353 children under 6 years old.

(ii).The work of school health:

To organize disease examination and tooth extraction for elementary school students.

The medical examination and patient’s treatment

Commune health station in the year have implemented the medical examination for

2,595 visits.

To generally ensure the health care for people, regularly monitor the diseases and

infectious diseases.

(iii).Public hygiene and food safety

68

Result of checking out 75 times of restaurants shown that there are 57 restaurants

meeting the standards, the remaining restaurants are required for commitment to

implement the national provisions on hygiene and food safety.

(3).Education

- The pre-school, elementary, high schools in the commune are being stably operated,

well participated in specialized movements proposed the education sector.

- Pre-school: Improving the quality of education in according to the childhood

education programs, improving the quality of nutrition and food safety;

- Secondary: The results of the academic year 2011 – 2012 shown that the number of

students passing the graduating from secondary schools is 172/172, equivalent to

100%;

- Education: maintaining universal education activities for 9 children.

(4).Social Affairs

- To support for priority and difficult families, families affected by natural disasters;

- To make sure the monthly salaries, allowances and gifts to priority families and

objects in the national holidays.

Overall Assessment: An Phuoc Commune is the area with high agriculture land,

undeveloped infrastructure, big number of working-age people, therefore, it is quite

appropriate to industrial development to promote the local economic development.

The socio-economic situation as presented above is relatively favorable for investment

in this industrial zone development in many ways to contribute to shifting economic

structure and to modernize people's lives, to create for people involving in industrial

production and accessing to advanced modern manufacturing technologies, where

enterprises investing in industrial zones bring benefits for the employees.

2.3.3. Sensitive areas affected by the Wastewater Treatment Project at An Phuoc

Industrial Zone

Water users, which may exposure to waste waters discharging from An Phuoc

Industrial Zone are mainly households living in the upstream and downstream areas

along the Nuoc Trong stream.

The people living in upstream and downstream areas located in distance of 3-5 km

from the discharge point can not use the Nuoc Trong stream water for domestic

purposes and livestock. Beside that the discharge flow of the WWTP is not high (about

2,000 m3/day, equivalent to 0.024 m3/s), waste water will be treated to meet QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, therefore, the impacts of the treatment plant on the residents living

along the Nuoc Trong stream are negligible.

69

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES

- The alternative is to ensure effective wastewater treatment, achieving QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9;

- Location of drainage outlet is to ensure the drainage of the waste water treatment

plant, and to minimize the impacts on the environment and the people living around

the area of the waste water drainage outlet;

- Hazardous waste sludge from the wastewater treatment plant is to ensure proper

handling procedures of hazardous waste treatment, to avoid affecting the environment.

3.2. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LOCATION

The feasibility study report of the construction project of the central wastewater

treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone- Phase 1 have mentioned about 03

alternative locations for discharging wastewater into water bodies , including:

- Location 1: Treated wastewater meeting QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT will be collected

into the sewers with diameters of 300 - 500mm running along the boundary of the

industrial zone and roads connecting the IZ with the An Phuoc trade residential areas.

The wastewater then is discharged into the Nuoc Trong stream;


into the sewer with diameter of 300 - 500mm, then directly led to existing perennial

plantation area, which do not fall within the existing area of the industrial zone, the

treated effluent is discharged into Nuoc Trong stream through the discharge outlet;


into the sewers with diameters of 300 - 500mm, running along the boundary of the

Industrial Zone to the south, then the treated wastewater is discharged into the existing

small stream, connecting with Nuoc Trong stream.

After discussing with the local authority and reviewing the actual difficult situation,

locations No 2 and 3 were not selected for the reasons including environmental aspects

and procedures legal as follows:

- Location 2: the sewer line will pass through the existing perennial land outside the IZ.

At the present, the land is located outside the planned area of An Phuoc Industrial

Zone approved by the authorities earlier. So, if the alternative would be selected, it is

necessary for the IZ Management Board to apply the procedures for the industrial zone

land expansion, compensation etc. so it will take some time and will affect the

implementation schedule of Phuoc Industrial Zone. Hence, this location is not

appropriate and should not be selected;

- Location 3: Although this location is not faced the legal procedures, however, treated

waste water will be poured into the small stream before discharging into the Nuoc

70

Trong stream. Currently, according to the initial evaluation, this stream is fairly small,

therefore, it is difficult to receive the wastewater discharging from An Phuoc Industrial

Zone, especially during the rainy season. On the other hand, the planned discharge

flow of the Industrial Zone planned in Phase 2 and upcoming Phase 3 will be 6,000

m3/day. Therefore, location 3 is not selected due to the receiving capacity is not

guaranteed.

Figure 3.1. The proposed wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment

plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone

Thus, from the above analysis, the treated waste water from the WWTP of An Phuoc

Industrial Zone, Phase 1 will be collected into the sewer system, then discharged into

the Nuoc Trong stream at An Vien (i.e.discharge location 1) with location coordinates

are as follows:

- Longitude: 412823.73;

- Latitude: 1199127.21.

3.3. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Before implementing investment project of the wastewater treatment plant of An

Phuoc Industrial Zone, Tin Nghia Corporation have conducted reference and draw

from the experience of the others IZs existing wastewater treatment plants. which are

operating in Dong Nai province (i.e. Bien Hoa IZ Amatra, Long Thanh Industrial Zone,

Nhon Trach 3, ...), Ho Chi Minh city (Linh Trung export Processing Zone, Tan Thuan

Industrial Zone), etc. After reviewing the composition and nature of inlet wastewater,

Position 1

Position 2

Position 3

71

effectiveness of practical wastewater treatment, advantages and disadvantages of each

project and the economic efficiency of the existing WWTPs etc. Tin Nghia

Corporation have decided to select the wastewater treatment technology, that have

been successfully applied in Nhon Trach 3- Model 1 IZ for An Phuoc Industrial Zone.

The selection of the Nhon Trach 3 - Model 1 IZ wastewater treatment technology for

An Phuoc IZ is based on the following reasons:

- Nhon Trach 3 IZ invested by Tin Nghia Corporation is the same investor for An

Phuoc IZ. So it have enough experience and capability to continue An Phuoc Industrial

Zone development;

- Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is actually operating one with high

effectiveness of wastewater treatment, which usually meet QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT

column A;

- Nhon Trach 3 IZ has similar attracted industries and wastewater composition

comparing with those of An Phuoc Industrial Zone;

- Technology applied in Nhon Trach 3 IZ is common one with simple operation,

saving investment, handling and equipment’s maintenance costs;

- WWTP is stably operated to meet the changes in flow and pollutant concentrations,

reliability and longevity;

- Sludge treatment technology is thorough including physico-chemical and biological

treatment, which meet the regulations on solid waste management;

- Treatment plant is automatically controlled by PLC, SCADA to use integrated

controls;

- The system has the ability to connect when expanding capacity, synchronization with

the surrounding landscape;

- Less odor emitted from the WWTP into the environment;

- Meeting the requirements on the landuse, natural conditions, as well as economic

conditions.

Technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is presented as follows:

(1).The processing steps

- Treatment level 1 (preliminary treatment):

+ Separation mineral oil.

+ Removing garbage, coarse and fine particles.

+ Physico-chemical treatment (coagulation, flocculation).

+ Separation of mineral oil.

- Treatment level 2 (biological treatment): Applying the aerobic activated sludge

technology for removal of suspended organic matter, reduction of BOD, COD

concentrations.

- Treatment level 3:

+ Completing wastewater treatment after biological treatment with biological

72

pond.

+ Wastewater disinfection.

+ Residual sludge treatment:

+ Sludge compression and reduction of moisture content of the sludge by belt

press conveyor.

(2).Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology

Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology is presented in Figure 3.2.

+ Description of the technological process

- Wastewaters from the plants in the Industrial Zone will be collected into the sewer

system to manholes of the central waste water treatment plant with a maximum flow of

2,000 m3/day in phase 1. Before entering the pumping station, wastewater is pumped

into the coarse solid waste screening equipment to remove large size solid wastes from

the flow. From pumping station, wastewater is pumped to the fine solid waste

screening devices to remove the solid wastes with size of greater than 1.5 mm, then

flow through the balance tank. Balance tank is equipped with submersible stirs to

regulate composition, properties of wastewater, to avoid sedimentation and anaerobic

treatment occurred, and also in the tank there is chemical dosing system to neutralize

pH of waste water;

- When the inlet waste waters containing heavy metals or colors concentrations beyond

the design parameters will be led through the physico-chemical treatment unit,

including a coagulation tank, where wastewater, chemical coagulant are mixed, then

the flocculation process happen in the flocculation tank to form sludge particles.

Chemical clarifier will separate the sludge from the wastewater. The sludge will be led

to the sludge compression tank, the wastewater continues to flow through an oil

separator;

- When the inlet waste waters containing heavy metals or colors concentrations within

the design parameters will be led through physico-chemical treatment unit, but

coagulant will not be injected, then wastewater will flow through the oil separator;

- At the oil separator, oil is separated from wastewater and collected in wastewater

storage tank, that continues to flow to aerobic activated sludge treatment tank;

- Wastewater from aerobic treatment tank flows through the primary sedimentation

tank to separate activated sludge from wastewater, a part of activated sludge will be

circulated back the aerobic treatment tank to maintain concentrations and types of

microbs, which are suitable for the tank operation, the excess sludge is pumped

through the sludge compression tank. Wastewater from the secondary sedimentation

tank flows to disinfection unit and flow will be measured, where the wastewaters will

be injected by disinfection chemicals to ensure the microbiological parameters before

discharging into the biological pond;

- Biological pond has buffer function and thoroughly treat wastewater before it is

discharged into the environment.

73

Figure 3.2. Flow diagram of the wastewater treatment technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ

(3).Wastewater Treatment effect

The Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is effective. The results of the

wastewater analysis discharging from Nhon Trach 3 IZ WWTP are presented in tables

Classification –

treatment of

hazardous wastes

Waste water pumping station

Fine solid waste screening

Balance tank

Primary clarifier

Oil separation tank

Coagulation tank

Flocculation tank

Aerotank

Secondary clarifier

Disinfection tank and flow measurement

Biological pond

Sludge coagulation equipment

Sludge dewatering

Sludge compression tank

Wat

er

Disinfection

agent

Nutrients

Air

WASTEWATER (2.000 m3/d)

Coarse solid waste screening

pH

adjustment

chemicals

Air

Water Drainage System of IP

Coarse solid waste: 7 – 10 kg/day

Fine solid waste: 5 kg/day

74

3.1 and 3.2 and the updated results in September and November 2011 presented in the

following table:


Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2011).

No Indicator Unit September Results/2011 QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

(balance

tank)

After

treatment

1 pH - 6.2 7.2 5.5 – 9

2 COD mg O2/l 760 ND (LOD=10) 165

3 BOD5 mg O2/l 330 9 55

4 TSS mg/l 148 48 110

5 Color Pt-Co 42 13 165

6 N-NH4+ mg/l 25.8 ND

(LOD=0.056) 11

7 Total Nitrogen mg/l 27.3 4.8 44

8 Total Phosphorus mg/l 9.4 1.72 6.6

9 CN- mg/l 0.013 ND

(LOD=0.005) 0.11

10 Cr6+ mg/l ND

(LOD=0.01)

ND

(LOD=0.01) 0.11

11 Cr3+ mg/l ND

(LOD=0.025)

ND

(LOD=0.025) 1.1

12 Fe mg/l 1,37 ND

(LOD=0.06) 5.5

13 Zn mg/l 0,19 0.21 3.3

14 Cu mg/l ND

(LOD=0.1)

0.18 2.2

15 As mg/l ND

(LOD=0,001)

ND

(LOD=0,1) 2.2

16 Hg mg/l ND

(LOD=0,001)

0.003 0.011

17 Pb mg/l 0,036 ND

(LOD=0.001) 0.55

18 Cd mg/l ND

(LOD=0,005)

ND

(LOD=0.01) 0.11

19 Ni mg/l ND

(LOD=0,06)

ND

(LOD=0,005) 0.55

20 Mineral oil mg/l 12.6 ND (LOD=3) 11

21 Vegetable Oil

and Fats

mg/l 7.26 ND -

22 S2- mg/l 2.83 ND 0.55

23 Cl2 mg/l ND

(LOD=0.1)

1.85 2.2

75


40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

(balance

tank)

After

treatment

24 Organophosphate

pesticides

µg/L 0.0073 ND

(LOD=0.001) 1.1

25 Chlorinated

organic

pesticides

µg/L ND

(LDO=0,0005)

ND

(LOD=0.0005) 0.11

26 Phenol µg/L 0.08 ND

(LOD=0.01) 0.55

27 Coliforms MPN/

100mL

3.5x106 < 1,8 5500

Source: The report on environmental monitoring of Nhon Trach 3 Industrial Zone,

Phase 2, 2011.


Nhon Trach 3 IZ (November 2011)


40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

After

treatment

1 pH - 6.69 8.47 5.5 – 9

2 Color Pt-Co 278 13 165

3 BOD5 mg/l 192 18 55

4 COD mg/l 104 39 110

5 TSS mg/l 55 25 165

6 N-NH4 + mg/l 34.2 ND (<0,5) 11

7 Total Nitrogen mg/l 46.2 18.1 44

8 Total

phosphorous

mg/l 8.18 1.58 6,6

9 CN- mg/l ND (<0.005) ND (<0.005) 0.11

10 Cr6+ mg/l ND (<0.01) ND (<0.01) 0.11

11 Cr3+ mg/l 0.024 0.009 1.1

12 Ni mg/l 2.199 0.017 5.5

13 Fe mg/l 0.081 0.619 3.3

14 Zn mg/l 0.098 0.011 2.2

15 Cu mg/l 0.017 0.076 2.2

16 As mg/l ND (<0.004) ND (<0.004) 0.011

17 Hg mg/l 0.167 ND (<0.004) 0.55

18 Pb mg/l ND

(<0.0002)

0.026 0.11

19 Cd mg/l ND (<0.001) ND

(<0.0002) 0.55

20 mineral oil mg/l 1.7 ND (<0.01) 11

76


40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

After

treatment

21 Oil and grease

interviewer

mg/l 3.3 ND (<0.01) -

22 S2- mg/l 2.0 ND (<0.1) 0.55

23 Cl2 mg/l - ND (<0.1) 2.2

24 Organophosphate

pesticides

mg/l ND (<0.1) ND (<0.1) 1.1

25 Chlorinated

organic

pesticides

mg/l ND (<0.1) ND (0.1) 0.11

26 Phenol mg/l 0.052 ND (<0.005) 0.55

27 Coliform MPN/

100mL

43x103 ND (<3) 5500

Source: The report on environmental monitoring of Nhon Trach 3 Industrial Zone,

Phase 2, 2011.

Note:

- Sampling and analysis in September, 2011 implemented by Sonadezi Service

Corporation.

- Sampling and analysis in November, 2011 implemented by the Center for

Environmental Technology and Management.

- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial wastewater,

column B, with Kq = 1.1 (Thi Vai river flow> 200 m3/s) and Kf = 1.0 (Wastewater

flow ≤ 2,000m3/day).

The results of water quality monitoring shown that the indicator parameters of the

outlet waste water of the Nhon Trach 3 wastewater treatment plant are lower than the

allowable limits of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT.

Thus, the application of the Nhon Trach 3-Module 1 IZ wastewater treatment

technology for An Phuoc IZ is fully consistent with the actual condition and outlet

wastewater will meet the national technical regulation before discharging into the

receiving water body. Wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone will

also be studied further improvements to improve the efficiency of wastewater

treatment than to ensure effluent quality standards before reaching receiving water

discharge in a good way most. Specifically, Oil separation tank was moving forward

Balancing tank with the main purpose: To prevent the abrasion of pumping motors in

the successive treatment works; To prevent the strange substance in biological

treatment tank which can cause agglomeration into the solids floating in biological

tank, which leads to less efficient treatment system .

3.4. SELECTION OF SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

77

Sludge treatment technology generated from the wastewater treatment plant of An

Phuoc Industrial Zone-Phase 1 (Module 1): Excess sludge from the primary and

secondary clarifiers will be pumped to the compressed mud tank periodically, where

sewage sludge is concentrated by gravity sedimentation method, then collected to the

tank bottom by the sediment brusher system. Depending on the concentration of

biomass in the sludge tank that total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 2-3% before

being pumped into the sludge dewatering process for separating water from the mud.

Sludge after dewatering in the form of cake will be packaged and stored in a dry mud

warehouse before bringing to sanitary landfills. Wastewater from sludge tank and

excess sludge dewatering will be circulated to the pump pit for reprocessing.

The project owner will sign contracts with Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock

Environment Company, for collecting and handling whole sludge in accordance with

the provisions of the current law.

Hazardous waste treatment technologies of the mentioned above companies has been

licensed by the Vietnam Environment Administration within Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment.

Hazardous sludge generated from the CETP operation will be treated by one of two

companies with full compliance regulation.

Option 1: Treatment at Tai Tien Waste Treatment Plant

- Sludge transport route: An Phuoc IZ - Hanoi Boulevard - Ho Nai District - Trang Bom

District - Tay Hoa District - Tai Tien hazardous treatment plant (22 kilometer).

78

Exhibit sludge transport route

- Sludge Treatment Technology at Tai Tien Ltd. Co.

+ The dried and dewatered sludge contains hazardous substances will be mixed with cement,

then compressed into blocks to reduce pollution disperse into the environment. As cement

has high alkalinity, the heavy metals will kept under hydroxide or carbonate salts.

+ The compressing often also often include Ca(OH)2 solution (to increase its acidity), or coal

slag. Coal slag and Ca(OH)2 can stabilize As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Se, Ag, Zn…The

blocks will then be landfilled under required standard inside the treatment plant border, rather

than hand it to third party.

− The % of mixing based on mass is as below:

Hazardous Wastes Incineration Slag Cement Lime Sand Water

100 20 35 10 100 65

30% 6% 10% 3% 30% 19%

The diagram for solidifying process can be seen as below:

An Phuoc IZ

Tai Tien Co, Ltd

79

Figure 6: Sludge solidifying process

(1). Tai Tien landfill site

Tai Tien landfill site is constructed based on design TCXDVN 261:2001 with double layers

and 2 trends to collect landfill leachate.

− Total potential landfill volume: 61,378 m3

− Filled duration: 8 years (if the landfilling rate of hazardous solid wastes is 10 tons/

day).

− Actual landfilling rate at this point: 380 kg/day or around 10 tons per months

Option 2: Treatment at Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant

Sludge Route

Sao Viet waste treatment plant is located inside Toc Tien disposal site.

Landfilling

Mixing

Incineration slag Inorganic Sludge

Additions

Compressing

Test/

sample

80

Exhibit sludge haulage route to Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant at Toc Tien Site

Sludge Treatment Technology

Sao Viet applies incinerator for waste treatment, and wet cyclone and absorption tower for

treating flue gas. The treatment process is presented in Figure 8. Its capacity is 1,000 kg/h.

Here are some representative parameters for the treatment system:

- Primary combustion: to = 500-600oC;

- Secondary combustion: to = 1,100-1,200oC, t = 4-5s;

- Oxidation/catalyst: enhance the oxidation of CO, CxHy to CO2 and H2O;

- Wet cyclone: reduce dust ≥ 20µm;

An Phuoc IZ

Sao Viet Co, Ltd

81

82

CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.1. IMPACT SOURCES, OBJECTS AND SCALE

The investment in the construction of the waste water treatment plant with capacity of

2,000 m3/day is entirely consistent with the policy of socio-economic development and

environmental protection, which contribute to solving the environmental problems of

the Industrial Zone. However, in addition to the positive impacts, construction and

operation of the project may cause negative impacts on the environment and the socio-

economic development if there are without the mitigation and appropriate treatment

measures. The environmental impact of the project arises primarily in two phases:

- Preparation and construction phase;

- Operation phase.

On that basis, the project’s activities which may cause negative environmental impacts

to natural and socio-economic development can be identified and evaluated as follows:

4.1.1. Construction Phase

(1).Impact Sources

(i).Waste related impacts

The project’s activities and waste related impact sources in construction phase are

presented in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases

NO. THE ACTIVITIES IMPACT SOURCES

01 Leveling, camp preparation, road

construction.

- Dust emissions arising from the

transport, machinery and

construction equipment.

- Storm water runoff, flooding, mud

02 Construction - Dust arising from leveling the

ground.

- Dust emissions from trucks

transporting construction materials

such as iron, sand, bricks, cement,

iron, steel etc.

- Solid waste arising from the

construction process.

- Stormwater runoff over the entire

project area swept by the soil, rocks,

83

greasy water in the streams.

03 Installation of equipment in process

technology and backend parts such as

electrical systems, water, chemical

suppliers etc,

- Dust, fumes arising from the

construction process with heating:

cutting, welding metal etc.

- Dust emissions from the transport

device.

- Solid waste such as viscous oily

rags, chemicals containers, metal

blanks etc.

04 Activity gathering, storing fuel, raw

materials.

- Dust from unloading construction

materials.

- Vapors of gasoline, paint from

gasoline, paint containers.

05 Activities of construction workers Wastewater and solid waste

generated from activities of

construction workers.

(ii).The none-waste related impact sources

The none-waste related impact sources in the preparation and construction phases are


Table 4.2. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases

No. Impact Sources

1 Change of land use purposes.

2 Erosion, sedimentation of the Nuoc Trong stream at the segment flowing through

the project area.

3 Noise and vibration from construction activities and equipment installation.

4 Residual heat pollution

5 Local flooding

6 Fire incidents, accidents in the construction process.

7 The workers going in and out the project area may cause disturbance of the local

life

(2). Affected objects and scales

Affected objects and scales in the preparation and construction phases are presented in

Table 4.3.

84

Table 4.3. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Construction Phase

No. Activity Affected

objects

Effected

Scales

Duration of

impact

Level of

impact

1 Leveling the

construction

area.

Preparing

camps, road

construction

- Impact on the

ambient air

environment ;

- Impact on

water: rainwater

runoff entrained

dirt, garbage,

oil spillage,

domestic

wastewater of

workers;

- Impact on land

environment:

Construction

solid waste

generation ,

domestic solid

waste from

activities of

workers

- Health

workers and

community

around the

project area

The project

area and

adjacent,

during

construction

of the project

- During

construction

- Inevitably,

insignificant;

- light,

temporary

2 Transportation

of raw materials

- Air pollution

(dust, gases,

noise and

vibration).

- Environmental

pollution to

water: rainwater

runoff entrained

dirt, garbage,

oil leakage or

spillage of

materials;

- Health

workers and

community

around the

project area.

The project

area and the

surrounding

areas and

transport

routes.

- During

construction

- Inevitably,

insignificant

- moderate,

temporary.

3 - Developing the - Air pollution The project - During - Inevitably,

85

technical

infrastructure,

including the

treatment tank,

pipeline

systems, power

supply, water

supply and

drainage,

ancillary

works, ...

- Installation of

equipment.

(dust emission).

- Pollution of

water: rainwater

runoff,

domestic

wastewater of

construction

workers.

- Impact on land

environment:

Solid waste

generation,

solid waste of

workers.

- Changing the

scenery and

beauty of the

entire area

- Health

workers and

community

around the

project area

area and the

surrounding

area during

the

construction

process

construction

insignificant

- light,

temporary;

4 Welding,

cutting,

painting, metal

spraying

- Air pollution

(dust emission).

- Workers

health

The project

area

During

project

construction

- Inevitably,

insignificant;

- Light,

temporary

5 Activities of

concrete

mixers ...

- Air pollution

- Water

pollution:

stormwater

runoff entrained

dirt, garbage,

spilled oil

increases the

turbidity of

surface water

- Workers

health

The project

area

During

project

construction

Light,

temporary

6 Activities in the

field of workers

- Water

pollution

- Soil pollution.

The project

area and

surrounding

areas

During

project

construction

- Inevitably,

not great;

- Light,

temporary.

7 Cleaning up the

landscaping

after

Air pollution The project

area

During

project

construction

- Light,

temporary.

86

construction

4.1.2. Operation Phase

(1).Impact sources

(i).Waste related impact sources

During the project’s operation phase, possible waste related impact sources are


Table 4.4. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase

No. Activity Impact Sources

I Impact on air quality

I.1 Transportation activities ,

transportation of chemicals,

sludge

Odor, gases, dust, chemical fumes leakage.

I.2 Wastewaters - Odor due to fermentation and anaerobic

decomposition of organic matter in the

wastewater treatment process.

- The odor of the sludge from the sludge drying

yards.

II Impact on the water quality

II.1 Wastewaters - Wastewater Treatment Plant.

- Sewage leakages, overflow due to malfunction.

II.2 Activities of the operators. Domestic wastewater of officers and employees

may contain impurities, suspended solids, organic

matter, nutrients and micro-organisms.

II.3 Stormwater runoff Rain water flowing through the project area

swept dirt, garbage spilled into water.

III Solid waste generation

II.1 Wastewaters Garbage, sludge from operating activities of the

central wastewater treatment plant

III.2 Activities of employees Domestic wastes

(ii).The none-waste related impact sources

During the project’s operation phase, the non-waste related impact sources are

identified in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the operation

phase

No. Impact Sources

87

1 Noise, vibration from the sewage pumps, agitators, air blowers.

2 Residual heat from the operation of machinery, equipment of the central

wastewater treatment plant

3 Sedimentation of the Nuoc Trong stream in the project’s area

(2).Affected objects and scales

Affected objects and scales during the project’s operation are presented in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Operation Phase

No. Affected

objects

Affected Scale Duration

of impact

Level of

impact

1 The air The ambient air in the areas

surrounding the wastewater

treatment plant

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

2 Surface water The Nuoc Trong stream is the

receiving water after handling

wastewater and stormwater

runoff.

During

Operation

Large, long-

term

3 Groundwater The project area and vicinity. During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

4 Road

infrastructure

Transportation system in the

project area would be degraded

by chemical transport activities

During

Operation

Light, long-

term

5 Employee The entire operation of the

project staff and staff working in

the waste water treatment plant

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

6 Households live

two roads

Road routine of vehicle

activities.

During

Operation

Light,

instant

7 Local Residents Around the area of the

wastewater treatment plant

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.2.1. Construction Phase

(1).Impact on air environment

The activities and sources impacts during construction and installation of equipment

for the project is presented in Table 4.1 above, the activities caused air pollution are as

follows:

- Dust by ground leveling and project’s construction;

- The dust arising during transportation and loading and unloading of materials:

88

- Raw materials for construction and installation of waste water treatment plant (stone,

sand, bricks, cement, iron and steel);

- Equipment and machinery for the construction and installation of the central waste

water treatment plant.

- Dust, oil vapors arising in the process regrouped, storing fuel, raw materials;

- Coal dust and gases SO2, NO2, CO, THC because the exhaust fumes of vehicles

transporting sand, stones, bricks, cement, steel, equipment, fuel etc., smoke exhaust

devices for construction machinery (concrete mixers, cranes);

- Fuel, spilled materials (sand, stone, cement, oil, paint);

- Radiation from the construction process with heating, welding fumes (such as the

process of cutting, welding steel, cutting, welding equipment for assembly);

These project have impacts on the environment and worker health. In particular, the

impact of dust, vehicle exhaust and noise is shipping three main impacts of the

construction process. These effects will be detailed evaluated as follows:

(i).Impact of ground leveling

The area selected for project’s construction is relatively flat. The total area of waste

water treatment plant is 01ha. Thus the soil volume for ground leveling is very little.

Therefore, the effect of ground leveling on the air environment is negligible.

(ii).The impact of emissions from the transportation of raw materials and equipment

The transportation of materials and equipment will generate dust and pollutants such

as COx, NOx, SOx, and THC etc. This kind of pollution sources is scattered and

difficult to control.

According to the report "Research on control measures of air pollution in the road

traffic in Ho Chi Minh City "shows the average amount of fuel is consumed for the

vehicles as follows:

- 2 wheel motorcycles : 0.03 liters/km;

- Gasoline cars : 0.15 liters/km;

- Diesel cars : 0.3 liters/km.

The transportation means, which regrouped materials for the construction of technical

infrastructure, equipment installation of the waste water treatment plant are used as oil

fuel and vehicles with payloads of 10 tons/car .

Estimates of total number of vehicles transporting raw materials and equipment going

in and out the project area is about Nt = 5 times/day.

89

The number of construction workers is about 120 people, all of them are not living in

the field.

Number of motorcycles going in and out the project area is about: Nm = 30 times/day.

The diameter of the area affected by traffic emissions range l = 2 km:

-Total number of the vehicles going in and out the project area in 01 day is: N = (Nt +

Nm) = 35 vehicles/day;

- The total distance of trucks travelling in 01 day is Lt = Nt x 2 = 10 km/day;

- The total distance of motorcycles running in 01 day is Lm = Nm x 2 = 60 km/day;

- The total amount of fuel (oil) providing trucks is: Qt = 0.3 (l/km) x 10 (km/day) = 3

liters/day;

- The total amount of fuel (petrol) providing the motorcycles is: Qm = 0.03 (l/km) 60

(km /day) = 1.8 liters / day;

- The total amount of fuel used is: Q = 4.8 l/day, rounded up to 5 liters/day.

Based on the pollution factors of the World Health Organization (WHO), the daily

average emissions caused by transport activities are presented in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7. Air Pollution Loads and Concentration Caused by the Transportation of

Construction Materials

No. Pollutants

Pollution

coefficient

(kg / liter)

Pollution load

(kg / day)

Concentration

(mg/m3/1h)

QCVN 05:2009 /

BTNMT

(mg/m3/1h)

01 Dust 0.005 0,025 11.14 0,3

02 SO2 0.00625 0,008 3.57 0,35

03 NO2 0.01 0,05 22.28 0,2

04 CO 0.075 0,375 167.11 30

05 THC 0.01 0,05 22.28 5(*)

Note:

- The total amount of fuel used is: 5 liters/day;

- Sulfur content in oil: 0.25%;

- Save emissions: When the engine is burning 01 kg of fuel, volume of air emission

generated 22 m3;

- Density of DO oil: 1 liter = 0.85 kg diesel oil ;

- The total volume of diesel oil used: 4.25 kg / h;

- Total emissions arising from the transportation of garbage: 93.5 m3;

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality.

- (*) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulations on hazardous

substances in the ambient air.

90

Comment: Comparing the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas with the

ambient air quality regulations shown that concentrations of all pollutants will exceed

the traffic air emissions regulations. However, the concentration of pollutants in Table

3.4 are calculated at the point of emission (exhausted pipe of the car). Concentrations

of pollutants in the air will be reduced by the following factors such as the

concentration dilution; respiratory process of trees. On the other hand, the project is

located within An Phuoc Industrial Zone away from the nearest residential area

approximately 1.2 km to the north-east. Thus, the level of impact of this pollution

source has been reduced.

(iii).Impact due to welding operations, cutting, painting, metal spraying

During the construction of the central wastewater treatment plant, welding, cutting,

painting, metal spraying activities occurs frequently. These processes are used the

following devices such as welding, gas welding, the materials (iron, steel, etc.), which

cause the negative impact on the environment.

Toxic welding emissions generated during welding will impact on the surrounding air

quality and impact directly on the health of workers. Most of the toxic emissions

contains heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Hg, Cr with highly toxicity and very persistent.

Also the materials used in the coating, plating processes such as metal particles,

chemicals, paints, solvents, etc. will emit the vapor, mist, dust, rust, and little of

substance chemical, which also cause negative impacts on the ambient air quality and

health of construction workers.

Due to the effects of the welding process, cutting, painting, metal spraying occurs

frequently in the construction phase, the project owner will adopt measures to

minimize adverse effects, such as arrangement of paint, spraying processes in the

areas with little workers and providing the labor protection devices for construction

workers

(iv). Impacts due to staying and living of workers in the field

The number of employees working in the field is around 120 people. The process of

the daily worker’s activities cause the impacts on air quality due to the following

reasons:

- Odor (NH3, H2S, mercaptan HS-R) generated from domestic wastewater;

- The gas generated by the decomposition of organic waste;

- The odor emanating from the septic tank, the organic waste.

In general, the level of impact on regional air quality due to activities of workers is

negligible and time of impact is short.

(v).Noise impacts from project construction activities

91

For the project, the construction activities will cause noise pollution, including:

- Leveling for project’s construction (graders, rollers);

- The construction and installation of the central waste water treatment plant (concrete

mixers, trucks, forklifts);

- Landscape and cleaning (bulldozer, bucket back, spreaders, trucks, forklifts).

Noise from construction equipment is generally not continuous, depending on the type

of activities and the machinery and equipment used. The machinery and equipment

used in the construction of the individual are considered as point sources.

Specific noise standards for the machinery and equipment used for traffic works "U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency- Noise from construction equipment and

construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31 - 12-1971 " are presented in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8. Noice levels from machinery and equipment located in 8 m distance from

the construction area

No. Machinery and equipment Noise level (dBA)

The process of leveling and compaction

1 Bulldozers 80

2 Truck 83 – 94

3 Grabs 72 – 93

4 Scaler 80 – 93

Paving process

1 Paver 86 – 88

2 Truck 83 – 94

3 Compactors 74 – 77

Landscape and cleanup

1 Bulldozers 80

2 reverse Bucket 72 – 93

3 Truck 83 – 94

4 Forklift 72 – 84

The process of digging and transporting soil

1 Bulldozers 80

2 Truck 83 – 94

3 Grabs 72 – 93

4 Scaler 80 – 93

Construction

1 Cranes 75 – 77

2 Welder 71 – 82

3 Concrete mixers 74 – 88

4 concrete Pump 81 – 84

92

5 Concrete vibrator 76

6 Air Compressors 74 – 87

7 Pneumatic tools 81 – 98

8 Bulldozers 80

9 Truck 83 – 94

10 Forklift 72 – 84

11 Paver 86 – 98

12 Punchers 81 – 98

Source: Environmental Protection Commission U.S.

From sources that predicted noise levels and noise levels calculated in the recipients

by the following formula:

∑=∑

n

i

Li.1,010lg10L

- LΣ : Is the total noise level;

- Li: is the noise source i;

- n: the total number of noise sources.

Calculated results of the noise level of the source are presented in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9. Calculated results of noise level (dBA) during the construction phase

No. Activity The noise from the construction site

8m (dBA)

01 Activities of ground breaking 85 – 95

02 Excavating and earth moving

construction 86 – 98

03 Construction of buildings 86 – 93

04 Leveling and road works 87 – 96

05 Sprinkle the road surface and

building 88 – 95

06 Landscape and cleanup 89 – 97

During construction, the sound characteristics of noise sources are usually identified at

an altitude of 1.2 to 1.5 m above the road surface at a range of noise sources from r1

(m) already know, usually 8 m for the noise source. The noise level in the range r2> r1

will reduce the noise level in more than one value is approximately r1? L (dB)

according to the following formula:

)dB(lg20L

a1

1

2

r

r+

=∆

Among them: a system is affected by the topography of the ground to absorb and

reflect noise, with:

- A = - 0.1 with asphalt and concrete;

93

- A = 0 for bare ground without vegetation;

- A = 0.1 with grazing land.

Results of noise reduction with distance from the source of noise in construction, in

the case of empty ground, no barriers, presented in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10. Calculated noise levels from construction activities .

Description of activities

Source

noise

level

(dBA)

Noise levels decrease with distance

(dBA)

32 m 64 m 128 m 256 m

Activities of ground breaking 85 – 95 79 – 89 73 – 83 67 – 77 61 – 71

Excavating and earth moving

construction

86 – 98 80 – 92 74 – 86 68 – 80 62 – 74

Construction of buildings 86 – 93 80 – 87 74 – 81 68 – 75 62 – 69

San dress and road works 87 – 96 81 – 90 75 – 84 69 – 78 63 – 72

Sprinkle the road surface and

building

88 – 95 82 – 89 76 – 83 70 – 77 64 – 71

Landscape and cleanup 89 – 97 83 – 91 77 – 85 71 – 79 65 – 73

In our country there were no specified standards for noise levels for construction work

in general. However, according to standards issued for allowable noise level in the

labor workplaces (According to Decision No 3733/2002/BYT-QD) and the maximum

permissible limit of noise in public and residential areas (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT),

the maximum allowable noise level is 70 dBA in residential areas, private homes,

motels, administrative agencies and the lowest noise level of 45 dBA at hospitals,

libraries, nursing homes, school from 21 pm to 6 am.

Maximum noise levels of the motor vehicles are presented in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11. Noise level of the motor vehicles.

No. Type of vehicle

Noise level (dBA)

QCVN 26:2010

(from 6h to 21h)

01 Trucks 93

70 (dBA) 02 4-stroke motorcycles 94

03 2- stroke motorcycles 80

According to the results of Table 3.6, the maximum noise level of the trucks (93 dBA)

exceeded the allowable standards for residential areas. However, the project is located

within the Industrial Zone with trees and far away from the nearest residential area of

about 100m to the west. Beside that, the time for the project’s construction is short (06

months) so that the level of noise impacts are assessed to be negligible.

94

(vi).Vibration level in the process construction.

The vibration emission characteristics of equipment used in construction are shown in

Table 4.12. This is the source of vibration generated from the operation of equipment

and machinery for the construction works of the wastewater treatment plant.

Table 4.12. Vibration level of a typical construction machinery

No. Activity

Reference vibration level (dB)

10m away from the

sources

30m away from the

sources

01 Dredges 80 71

02 Bulldozers 79 69

03 Truck freight service 74 64

04 Wheelchairs 82 71

05 Compressors 81 71

Source: Mackernize, 1985.

According to QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT on the vibration acceleration level, the

regulations on the vibration level for the construction activities in the residential areas,

where there are commercial, manufacturing and services and shall not exceed 75 dB.

(vii). Assessment of the air pollution impacts

Impacts of air pollutants are shown in Table 4.13.

Table 4.13. The effects of air pollutants.

No. Parameter Impact

01 Dust - Respiratory stimulates, lung sclerotherapy, lung cancer;

- Injury to the skin, cornea, digestive diseases.

02 Acid gases

(SOx, NOx). - Influencing the respiratory system, blood scattered on;

- SO2 poisoning through skin, reducing blood, alkaline reserve;

- Acid rain adversely affect the growth of vegetation and crops;

- To enhance the corrosion, material degradation of concrete and

buildings;

- Bad influence on climate, ecosystems and the ozone layer.

03 Carbon oxide

(CO) Reducing ability of blood to transport oxygen organizations cells

due to CO combines with hemoglobin-hemoglobin cacboxy.

04 Carbon dioxide

(CO2) - Causing pulmonary respiratory disorders;

- Causing the greenhouse effect;

- Impact on ecosystems.

95

No. Parameter Impact

05 Hydrocarbons Induction of acute poisoning: debilitating, dizziness, headache,

senses disturbances sometimes fatal.

(2). Impacts on the water quality:

The factors causing water pollution during project construction are:

- Domestic wastewater workers;

- Stormwater runoff over the entire area swept by dust, soil, sand, rock, raw materials

such as cement, oil, paint, etc. dropping down to affect the Nuoc Trong water quality

stream.

(i).Impact of domestic waste water by construction workers:

Impact sources on water quality during project construction is mainly due to domestic

waste water of workers. Composition of the major pollutants in domestic waste water

include: The solid residue, suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD),

nutrients (N, P) and pathogens (Coliform, E. Coli), which can lead to contamination of

surface water and groundwater if that is not treated.

Domestic wastewater flow is calculated on the basis of the water demand and the

number of workers. According to the construction standards the norms of living water

is 120 liters/person.day. The level of wastewater generated is 96 liters/person/day

(equivalent to about 80% supplied water).

During the project’s construction daily average number of workers can be estimated

about 30 workers. However, all of the construction workers are not staying at the site

(leaving the field after working hours) so the water level supplied for the worker’s

activities will be less, the amount of the supplied water is estimated about 60

liters/person.day. Thus, the total flow of waste water generated in the process of the

project’s construction is approximately 1.44 m3.

According to statistical calculations, for the developing countries, the pollution factors

per person daily discharging into the environment (when the waste water is untreated)

are shown in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14. Pollution factors for untreated domestic waste waters

No. Pollutants Pollution Factor

(g/person/day)

01 BOD5 45 – 54

02 COD (dicromate) 72 – 102

03 SS 70 – 145

04 NH3 2,4 – 4,8

96

No. Pollutants Pollution Factor

(g/person/day)

05 Total nitrogen (N) 6 – 12

06 Total phosphorus (P) 0,8 – 4,0

Source: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993.

Based on the pollution factors estimated by the rapid assessment method, the pollutant

loads generated from domestic wastewater in the construction phase can be predicted

as in table 4.15.

Table 4.15. Estimated pollution loads generated from untreated waste water in the

construction phase

No. Pollutants Load (g/person/day)

01 BOD5 1,35 – 1,62

02 COD (Dicromate) 2,16 – 3,06

03 SS 2,10 –4,35

04 NH3 0,07 – 0,14

05 Total nitrogen (N) 0,18 – 0,36

06 Total phosphorus (P) 0,02 – 0,12

The concentrations of pollutants in the waste water are calculated based on the

pollution load, wastewater discharge flow and effectiveness of 3 compartment septic

tanks (the treatment efficiency is about 55-65%), the results are presented in Table

4.16.

Table 4.16. Concentrations of pollutants in waste waters.

No. Pollutants

The concentration of pollutants (mg/l)

Untreated Treatment in

septic tanks

QCVN 14:

2008/BTNMT

(Column A)

01 BOD5 938 – 1.125 375 – 450 36

02 COD (Dicromate) 1.500 – 2.125 600 – 850 -

03 SS 1.458 – 3.021 583 – 1.208 60

04 NH3 50 - 100 20 – 40 6

05 Total nitrogen (N) 125 - 250 50 – 100 36

06 Total phosphorus (P) 17 - 83 7 – 33 7,2

Note: QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic

wastewater, column A, with K = 1.2.

Comments: Comparing with the regulations shown that, concentrations of the

untreated waste water or wastewater after septic tank treatment are exceeded pollution

regulations. However, all construction workers will use the temporary latrines or

97

mobile toilets. Thus, the level of domestic wastewater impacts caused by construction

workers is minimized to the lowest level.

(ii).Impacts arising from waste water cleaning processes, machinery maintenance

The process of cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the

construction area will generate a certain amount of wastewater containing organic

matter, suspended solids and oil. Volume and loads of pollutants at each stages are

shown in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17. Pollution concentrations of waste waters arising from the process of

cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction phase.

Process arising

Flow

(m3/day)

The pollution concentrations (mg/l)

COD oil and

grease SS

Maintenance of

machinery 1

20 - 30 - 50 - 80

Cleaning machines 50 - 80 1,0 - 2,0 150 - 200

QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT 100 5 100

Source: ENTEC, 2012.

Wastewater flow arising from this process is not much, as pollution indicators COD,

SS, oil and grease are lower than the regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT.

(iii).Impacts on groundwater quality

The process of construction is generally not greatly affect groundwater resources.

However, the construction process can lower the water level, contaminating the

groundwater surface. In addition, the composition of fuels (gas, oil, organic solvents,

etc.) can leak from the vehicle and the equipment used, the storage warehouses in the

field will swept the rain water into the rivers, then penetrate into the soil causing

groundwater contamination in the project area. In addition, water leaks from concrete

mixing and piles, cleaning equipment can also contaminate the ground water.

(iv). Impact due to stormwater runoff

Average flow of rainwater runoff in an area of 01 ha project is estimated to reach 98.6

m3/rainy day (the average rainfall in the project area is 1,800 mm/year, not including

evaporation) and can cause negative effects such as:

- Rain water retention in the soil and wetland projects;

- Rain water swept waste, oil sludge, dirt, rocks etc. down the rivers in the project area

which increase turbidity, surface water pollution and sedimentation.

98

Estimate of the concentration of pollutants in stormwater runoff through the

implementation of the project area as shown in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in stormwater runoff.

Stt Pollutants Units Concentration

1 Total nitrogen (N) mg/l 0,5 -1,5

2 Total phosphorus (P) mg/l 0,004 - 0,03

3 COD mg/l 10 – 20

4 TSS mg/l 10 – 20

Stagnant of rain water may cause the suitable environment for parasitic disease

development. However, this impact will be limited if the project owner to build

sewers and drains to avoid flooding during the rainy season.

(3).Impact on land resources and soil quality

Since the project area is located in the land planned for the industrial zone

development of the Dong Nai province so there are no impact on landuse purposes,

whereas it can increase the value of land resource in the planned areas.

During the construction phase, the potential effects caused soil pollution are mainly

fluctuations in the construction area, land disturbance, erosion increase and pollution

impacts caused by domestic and construction wastes.

Activities during the construction phase can cause the land disturbance, the impacts on

the soil environment due to soil excavation activities, grading and erosion of the

construction area. With the mentioned above activities, it can see that the impact on

the soil environment during construction is not small, which lead to the terrain change

and the landscape of the construction region.

Impact on soil environment due to worker’s domestic waste, construction wastes and

grease from construction equipment and machinery at the site: During construction,

the construction activities will generate solid waste and waste water from construction

workers' camps; the construction waste or excess losses to the environment during the

construction, oil and grease from automobiles, construction machinery, which cause

the significant impact on soil quality, contaminate the soil if there are no effective

measures implemented.

(4).Impact due to solid waste

During construction, solid wastes will be generated from the construction of the main

works and ancillary works, including cement, bricks, sand, stone, wood, scrap

material and waste (scrap metal, paint, solvents etc.) from the welding work, cutting,

painting or spraying of metal. The concentration of more construction workers can

generate domestic solid waste.

99

This domestic solid wastes generally contains the organic biodegradable matter

(except packaging, plastic, metal cans).

(i).Impact due to solid waste activities

It is estimated that each worker working in the project area emitted from 0.3 to 0.5 kg

of waste per day. So with 30 officers and employees at the site each day, the total

amount of waste generated during construction of the project is about 9-15 kg /day.

Although the volume of domestic solid waste is not too big, but if no measures

collected and treated properly, the ability to accumulate in time and build more and

more impact on air quality due to decay organic waste and surface water impacts due

to increase of water turbidity, hindering the flow, causing sedimentation. Also

facilitate the pathogenic microorganism growth, and risk arising transmitted disease

affecting the health of workers and further construction of residential areas.

(ii).Impacts due to construction waste

During the construction process, the construction solid waste will be generated

including cement, bricks, sand, stone, wood, paper, scrap material spillage.

Solid waste generated during construction was not much. Norm of construction

material losses is presented in Table 4.19.

Based on the volume of construction materials one can estimate material losses,

equivalent to the daily average amount of construction waste discharge into the

environment. The construction solid waste consist of inert ingredients. But if it is not

collected, which will affect the construction activities on the site.

(iii).Impact of hazardous waste

The hazardous solid wastes include rags grease, glue, paint, paint containers, gasoline,

battery, accumulator with negligible quantity. As some practical experience,

hazardous solid waste occupies about 5% of construction waste, which estimate about

01-02 kg/day. The amount of this waste contains harmful ingredients that can cause

negative impacts on human health and the environment if it is not collected and

properly disposed.

Table 4.19. Loss of construction materials

No. Type of material The loss of the original

construction by weight (%)

01 Yellow sand 2.0

02 Fine sand 2.0

03 Cable types 2,.0

100

No. Type of material The loss of the original

construction by weight (%)

04 Paint 2.0

05 Gravel and stone 2.0

06 Iron and steel 0.5

07 Cement 1.0

08 Wooden sleepers 0.5

09 Panels 3.0

Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2012.

(5).The impact on socio-economic development

(i).The beneficial effects

Construction phase of the project could bring a positive impact to the socio-economic

development as follows:

- Mobilizing an idle workforce in the project area;

- Contributing to increasing labour and temporary income for workers;

- Stimulating development of some types of food services, activities, and other

entertainment to cater to the demand of the people living in the project area.

(ii).The harmful effects

- The concentration of a construction work force (approximately 30 construction

workers per day) during the construction period may cause negative impacts to the

social order and security in the region;

- During construction, number of vehicles going in and out the project area will be

increased. Therefore, increasing the traffic density in the area, leading to increase risk

of traffic accidents.

Therefore, the project owner will take care, arrange the construction plan, mobilize

machinery, vehicles, equipment and techniques in a scientific way and manage road

safety in order to minimize the adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic

conditions.

(6).Integrated assessment of the environmental impact caused by the activities of the

project construction phase

The environmental impact caused by the activities of the construction phase of the

project are summarized in Table 4.20.

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Table 4.20. Integrated environmental impact assessment in the construction phase

No.

Activity assessment

Land Water Air Biological

Resources

Economic

and

social

1 Leveling ** * *** ** ***

2 Transportation, gathering,

storage of materials * * *** * **

3 Building WWTP * ** ** ** **

4 Activities of workers in the

field. * ** * * **


Note:

*: Detrimental effects mild;

**: Harmful impact on the average level;

***: Detrimental effects at strong.

4.2.2. Operation Phase

Operating process of the central wastewater treatment plant will give rise to the cause

of environmental pollution: air emissions, waste water and solid waste (hazardous and

non-hazardous) with scale and different components, which are specifically evaluated

as follows

(1).Impact on air environment

(i).Air emissions from transportation activities

Activity of transport, passenger transport chemicals, sewage sludge and garbage out

on the project will generate dust emissions, SOx, NOx, CO, THC,..

According to estimates, the number of vehicles to transport chemicals (about 3

tons/day), and sewage sludge (about 1.5 to 2 tons/day) average vehicle about 2

times/day (average weight per truck use of 3.5 tons). Average transport distance for

each vehicle turns within the Industrial Zone about 1km.

According to the report "Research on control measures of air pollution in the road

traffic in Ho Chi Minh City "shows average fuel consumption of 0.3 liters of diesel

vehicles/km.

Characteristics of the types of vehicles that are using diesel oil fuel. It is estimated that

the total amount of oil used for transportation activities as the project moved into

operation about 0.6 liters/day. Based on the coefficient of pollution World Health

102

Organization (WHO) set up for transport vehicles using diesel oil fuel, the load from

3.5 to 16.0 tons, can estimate the total load of pollutants in emissions arising from the

transport process of the project in operation is shown in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21. Estimated loads and concentrations of exhaust air emission pollutants

generated from the transportation means

No. Pollutants Pollution

coefficient (kg

/ kg of fuel)

Pollution load

(kg / day)

Concentration

(mg/m3/1h)

NTR

05:2009 /

BTNMT

(mg/m3/1h)

01 Dust 0,0043 0,0022 8 0,3

02 SO2 0,005 0,0026 9 0,35

03 NO2 0,07 0,0357 133 0,3

04 CO 0,014 0,0071 27 30

05 THC 0,004 0,0020 8 5(*)

Note:

-Total fuel use is 0.6 liters / day;

- Sulfur content in the oil is 0.25%;

- Save emissions: When the engine is burning 01 kg of fuel gas generated 22 m3;

- Density of DO oil: 1 liter = 0.85 kg diesel oil diesel oil;

- The total volume of diesel oil used: 0.51 kg / h;

- Total emissions arising from transport: 11.2 m3;

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality;

- (*)QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances

in the ambient air.

Comment:

Concentrations of pollutants in emissions arising from the transport vehicle at the

table at 5:21 is the result of emission sources (vehicle exhaust). Therefore, when

released into the surrounding environment pollutants concentration is much lower, due

to be reduced by environmental factors such as the absorption capacity of trees,

thinning etc. Thus, the level of resources that impact was minimized.

(ii).Vapours

Vapours in the operational phase of major projects arising from the pumping, mixing

chemicals. Due to the use of chemicals NaOH, H2SO4 and liquid chlorine should be

pumping process can cause losses. However, the process of pumping, mixing

103

chemicals made secret, should not affect the environment significantly. Forecast

evaporation rate of about 0.05 to 0.1%, or about 0.2 to 0.5 kg/day.

(iii).Aerosols, odors from the process

Wastewater treatment plant was found to be the arising of aerosols can spread by wind

within a few tens to a few hundred meters. In aerosols, people often encounter bacteria,

mold etc. and they could be pathogens or cause allergies inhalation, by skin contact.

The formation of aerosols affect air quality around the area of the wastewater

treatment plant. For the central wastewater treatment plant, aerosol emission sources

mainly from the tank and an aerobic conditioning. According to a study of air quality

around the wastewater treatment plant, the density of airborne bacteria in the

wastewater treatment plant is presented in table 4.22.

Table 4.22. Bacterial density in the air at the wastewater treatment plant

No Bacteria Value

(CFU/m3)

Mean

(CFU/m3)

1 Total bacteria 0 - 1.290 168

2 E.Coli 0 - 240 24

3 Intestinal Bacteria and other

species

0 - 160 145

4 Mushrooms 0 - 40 16

Comment:

The odor from the treatment tank arises mainly from the tank as the conditioned tank,

Aerotank, compressed mud tank, aeration tank. However, this odor is only temporary

in nature, arising from the period of trial operation of the station.

Aerotank bubbles arising from an aeration tank bottom and the steam carries bacteria,

the bubbles generated mainly during adaptation, even when stable operation is not a

significant amount of foam.

(iv).The effects of air pollutants

In addition to the effects of air pollutants are shown in Table 4.23, as described above,

notably the impact of 02 key pollutants during operation of the project are: methane,

hydrogen sulfide.

a). Methane (CH4):

Methane gas is colorless, odorless and extremely flammable (explosive limit of 5 -

15% volume in air). The effect of methane on the environment and humans are shown

in Table 4.23.

104

Table 4.23. Impacts of methane on the environment and human health

No. Subjects Impact

1

Impact on

environmental

quality

As a greenhouse gas, 23 times higher than CO2

2

Impact on human

health

Methane is present in high concentrations in the

atmosphere will become of asphyxiation. Quality

asphyxiation replaces oxygen in the air and can cause

symptoms of oxygen deficiency. When the oxygen

concentration in the air from:

- 12-16%: Makes breathing and heart rate increases

and slight muscle contraction.

- 10-14%: disruptors and respiratory sensation,

unusual fatigue, respiratory disorders.

- 6-20%: May cause nausea and vomiting, loss of

motor skills, may be unconscious.

- Greater than 6%: Causes seizures, shortness of

breath, respiratory possible and die.

Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2013

b). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S):

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas that smells of rotten eggs; toxic and extremely

flammable (explosive limit from 4.3 to 46% by volume in air). The effects of H2S on

the environment and humans are shown in Table 4.24.

(2).The impact of physical factors in the work environment:

(i).Noise Pollution:

During the operational phase of the project, noise arising from sources such as pumps,

compressors, generators. The noise level generated relatively frequent and continuous

higher (average 80-85 dBA). Also, depending on the operational life cycle of

equipment, the local noise can be> 90dBA exceeds permitted standards in production.

The frequent exposure to 80 dBA noise source above to inhibit the central nervous

system, causing fatigue state of discomfort and reduce labor productivity, leading to

accidents.

(ii).Thermal pollution balance:

105

Normally on hot days the temperature in the region of the central wastewater

treatment plant often allow higher standards from 1 - 30C (Interim Provisions of the

Ministry of Health - 505 BYT/QD dated 13.04.1992: 18 - 320C) .

Table 4.24. Impact of hydrogen sulfide on the environment and human health

No. Subjects Impact

1

Impact on

environment The substance is toxic to aquatic species.

- Combined with water vapor in the atmosphere SO2

converted to form acid rain.

2

Impact on

human health Acute: Acute toxicity H2S in the following concentrations:

- From 0.01 to 0.3 ppm: can recognize by smell.

- 1-20 ppm: odor can smell nausea, watery eyes, headache

lasts.

- 20 - 50ppm: irritation of nose, throat and lungs, digestive

disorders, loss of appetite, loss of sense of smell begins, can

cause acute conjunctivitis.

- 100 - 200ppm: irritation of nose, throat and lungs serious,

completely lost their sense of smell.

- 250-500 ppm: it cause edema (fluid in the lungs plays).

- 500 - 1000ppm: Respiratory Paralysis, rhythm disorders and

death within hours.

- Greater than 1000 ppm: quick death.

Chronic poisoning:

- Reduced lung function.

- Neurological effects: headaches, nausea, fatigue.

- Irritating to eyes and mucous membranes.

- Damage to heart.

Source: Environment Technology Center (ENTEC), May 12/2013.

(3).Impact on the water environment

The source of water pollution in the operational phase of the project is defined as:

wastewater from domestic activities of operators and stormwater runoff over the entire

project area, wastewater from the central wastewater treatment plant.

(i).Domestic wastewater:

Essential components of the contaminants causing waste water including impurities,

suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD), nutrients (N, P) and harmful

bacteria.

106

When the project is put into operation stability, estimated the total number of

employees is 05 persons. If the average 1 per day plant employees use 120 liters of

water, the waste water flow of the project is about 0.5 m3 (water flow for 80% of

water use).

Based on the coefficient of pollution each daily activities into the environment

(without treatment) by the World Health Organization (WHO) set up as shown in

Table 4.24, can predict pollutant load wastewater generated from operating activities

of workers in Table 4.25.

Table 4.25. Estimated pollution loads in untreated waste water in the project's

operation phase

No. Pollutants Load (kg/day)

Limit Average

01 BOD5 0.180 - 0.216 0.198

02 COD 0.288 - 0.408 0.348

03 TSS 0.280 - 0.580 0.430

04 Oil and grease 0.040 - 0.120 0.080

05 Total nitrogen(N) 0.024 - 0.048 0.036

06 Ammonia (N-NH4) 0.001 - 0.019 0.014

07 Total phosphorus (P) 0.003 - 0.016 0.010

Based on the pollutant load (kg/day) and water flow (m3/day) can calculate the

concentration of pollutants in waste water as shown in Table 4.26.

Table 4.26. Concentrations of pollutants in the waste water treatment plant

No Pollutants

The concentration of pollutants (mg/l)

Treatment in

septic tanks

QCVN 14:2008 /

BTNMT

01 pH - - 5 – 9

02 BOD5 495 198 36

03 COD 870 348 -

04 TSS 1.075 430 60

05 Oil and grease 200 80 12

06 Total nitrogen (N) 90 36 -

07 Ammonium 36 14,4 6

107

(N-NH4)

08 Total phosphorus 24 9,6 7,2

Note:

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater,

apply column A with K = 1.2.

Comment:

Compared with QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (apply column A with coefficient K = 1.2)

showed that the concentration of pollutants after treatment with 3-compartment septic

tank (processing efficiency of about 60-70 %) are higher than standards allow.

However, during project operation, domestic wastewater after treatment area through

septic tanks will be collected on the station's processing system of the central

wastewater treatment plant.

(ii).Stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff through the project will be carried away by the sand, garbage, oil,

grease and other contaminants spilled on the ground and stick on the roof, tanks, water

to spread out. If rainfall is not well managed will cause negative impacts to surface

water, groundwater and aquatic life in the area. Estimate the concentration of

pollutants in the average stormwater runoff as follows:

- Suspended solids (SS): 10-30 mg/l;

- Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 10-20 mg/l;

- Total Nitrogen (N): 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l;

- Phosphorus (P): from 0.004 to 0.03 mg/l.

Thus, compared with other emission sources, stormwater runoff is relatively clean.

Therefore, the drainage system will be totally separated from the sewage system, the

system through manholes, but the trash before running the external environment

through the drainage system of the industrial zone.

(iii).Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater generated by the operation of the central wastewater treatment plant

multiple sources including:

- Separated from the waste water treatment sludge, scum and grease: Major

component contains suspended sediment, bacteria and other pollutants;

- Water hygiene: washing pumping equipment, chemical tank, filter cleaning, floor

cleaning,... This kind of waste water can be contaminated by oil, though the amount is

not significant;

- All waste water is collected and brought back to the station's tanks of the central

108

wastewater treatment plant.

(iv). The impact of pollutants in wastewater

Wastewater generated from the operation of the project containing pollutants such as

suspended solids (SS), organic matter (COD/BOD), nutrients (total N, total P), the

metal seriously pathogenic microorganisms, toxic chemicals .... other polluting agents

are different, the level of impact is also different, as follows:

a).For pH:

The pH of water is too high (> 8) or too low (<6) will lose self-cleaning ability of the

receiving water, due to the beneficial microbes in the water inhibited viability. The pH

of water is too low or too high will increase the mobility of metal ions in the water,

the stronger the activation of ion will easily react with other substances to create a

beneficial product for aquatic life.

b).For temperature:

Water temperature plays an important role in the biochemical processes, changes in

water temperature can affect the influence of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in

water is also affected by temperature decide which species survive and develop

advantages in aquatic ecosystems.

c).For organic compounds:

The organic matter in the wastewater is mainly carbohydrates. This is easily oxidized

compounds by microorganisms using oxygen dissolved in the water. This factor

reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (DO) in the water. If you

DO <5 will hamper the development of the aquatic ecosystem. On the other hand,

waste water containing organic compounds as long stagnation of the environment will

generate unpleasant odor caused by organic compounds with anaerobic digestion.

d).For suspended solids:

The suspended solids discharged into the environment as part of water will float to the

surface creating a scum layer, preventing the diffusion of oxygen and light

transmission in water, increase water turbidity sensory loss. On the other hand, a result

of sediment settle to the bottom.

e).For nutrients:

The nutrients in the aquatic environment is highly conducive environment for algae

growth, causing eutrophication of water resources (water bloom). At the end of the

process of eutrophication, algae die will increase the concentration of organic matter

in the water, affecting water quality and aquatic life.

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f).For heavy metals:

Most heavy metals are toxic to humans and animals. The heavy metal commonly

found in industrial effluents, such as Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, As:

- Pb: Pb likely to accumulate in vivo long-term, heavy metal Pb is highly toxic and

may be fatal if severe poisoning. Pb reduced ability to synthesize glucose and

pyruvate metabolism, increases the excretion of glucose in urine. 50% lethal

concentration (LC50 96 h) of lead salt for fish is 1-27 mg/l (in soft water) and 440-550

mg/l (in hard water). The organic compounds Pb toxicity than from 10-100 times

higher than for inorganic Pb species;

- Hg: Hg metal can be made in the form of salt ions, Hg is present in organic

compounds, mercury is used in agriculture (fungicides) and in industry (for

electrodes). Hg in the aquatic environment can be absorbed into the aquatic body,

especially the kind of river invertebrates. Fish also absorbed and metabolized into

methyl mercury Mercury;

- As: As the heavy metals can exist in many forms of inorganic and organic

substances. As a highly toxic substance, the ability to accumulate a long and

potentially carcinogenic;

- Cr: heavy metal Cr is highly toxic to humans and animals. High toxicity of Cr6+ ,

Cr3+ than. According to WHO allows maximum chromium concentrations in drinking

water is 0.05 mg/l;

- Cd: Cd heavy metal is highly toxic to humans and aquatic life. Kidney is the most

vulnerable, Cd concentrations harmful renal threshold of 20 g/l.

g).For phenol:

Phenol and phenol derivatives in wastewater of some industries such as manufacturing

perfume, cosmetics etc. The phenolic compounds make water smell and also harms

the aquatic ecosystem and human health, a number of phenol derivatives have the

potential to cause cancer.

According to WHO levels of 2,4-trichlcphenol and pentachlorophenol in drinking

water not exceed 10 g/l.

h).For grease:

Grease being discharged into the water will spill over the water forming oil film, a

water-soluble fraction in the water or in the form of emulsions. Oily residue settles

down to rivers and streams will accumulate in sediment. Grease is not only difficult

hydrocarbon compounds biodegradable, but also contain harmful additives such as

derivatives of phenol, water pollution, negative impacts to aquatic life including both

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fish and affect water supply purposes, aquaculture. When the oil content in the water

is higher than 0.2 mg/l water odor can not be used for food purposes.

Oil pollution caused depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to reduced

self-cleaning ability of the water by killing plankton organisms, benthos engage in

self-cleaning process.

When the oil content in water from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/l will reduce yield and quality of the

fish. Standard Oil in water fish do not exceed 0.05 mg/l, dissolved oxygen standard

is> 4 mg O2/l. Sulfur-rich oil pollution can kill fish if Na2S in water content reaches 3

- 4 mg/l. Some sensitive species may be killed as soon as Na2S concentrations less

than 1 mg/l.

In addition, the domestic oil will be converted into other compounds toxic to humans

and aquatic life such as phenol, chlorine derivatives of phenol. Standard phenol to

give living water is 0.001 mg/l, tolerance of fish is 10-15 mg/l.

(4). The impact of solid waste

(i). Solid waste impact during operation of the central wastewater treatment plant

Solid wastes during project operation mostly packaging waste, packaging and

chemical waste container in the central wastewater treatment plant, but waste from

sewage, sewage sludge from the tank etc. The volume of solid waste during project

operation are listed as follows:

- Packaging and storage of chemicals (hazardous wastes): 15-20 kg/day;

- Sludge from the central wastewater treatment plant about 1.5 to 2 tons / day;

(ii).Solid waste activities

With the number of operators in the central wastewater treatment plant is 05 people,

with the emission factor is 0.3 to 0.5 kg /person /day estimated volume of solid waste

activities range from 1.5 to 2.5 kg/days.

Solid waste workers' activities mainly biodegradable organic matter and biological

fraction of paper, glass, metal,... will be collected in containers at the central

wastewater treatment plant then collected with waste of the entire industrial zone. The

amount of solid waste activities are hiring Urban Environment Services Company of

Dong Nai province or functional units collected and handled according to the

regulations.

(iii).The impact of solid waste

Domestic solid wastes such as plastic, metal, nylon ... when released into the

environment will be difficult to biodegrade, causing accumulation in soil, water,

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aesthetic loss, affecting transportation. In the long run, these substances will

decompose generating inorganic compounds, organic toxic etc. pollution of land,

water, affecting the growth of microorganisms on land and water.

The process of decomposing waste generated gases cause bad smelling (H2S,

mercaptans), impact to regional air quality, affect people's health in surrounding areas.

In addition, hazardous waste if not collected, managed and appropriate treatment will

also affect the environment and human health.

(3).Integrated assessment of environmental impacts during project operation

The impact on the environment during the operational phase has been studied in the

central wastewater treatment plant, analyze and evaluate detailed above, can be

evaluated by the method of synthetic matrix environment without weights as shown in

Table 4.27.

Table 4.27. Summary of integrated environmental impacts in the operation phase

No. Origin impact

Land Water Air Biological

Resources

Economic

and social

01 Emissions * * *** * **

02 Wastewater * *** * *** **

03 Solid waste and hazardous wastes *** * ** * **

04 Thermal pollution * * ** * *

05 Noise pollution and vibration * * ** * ***

06 Environmental incidents ** ** *** ** **

Note:

- *: Less harmful effects;

- **: Harmful impact on the average level;

- ***: Detrimental effects at strong.

4.2.3. Risk and Accident Impacts

(1).During the construction phase

(i).Work accidents

Overall, accidents can occur at any stage of the construction project. The cause of the

accident cases work on the construction site are:

- Environmental pollution can cause fatigue, dizziness, or fainting while workers

labor;

- Installation works, execution and process materials transport vehicle density, higher

can cause accidents, traffic accidents, ...

- Accidents due to the negligence of workers, lack of protective equipment, or due to

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lack of awareness about the strict compliance with safety rules of construction

workers.

Investors will be interested in the application of measures to ensure the safety of

workers.

(ii).Explosion Incident

Fire Incidents can occur in the case of transportation and storage of fuels, or due to the

lack of safe temporary power supply system, causing loss of life and property during

construction. Maybe the reason determined as follows:

- The fuel storage resources for temporary construction (gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil,

paint, glue ...) are possible sources of ignition. When problems occur that can cause

serious damage to the economy and the environment;

- Temporary power supply system for the machinery, construction equipment

malfunction can cause electrocution, shock, fire ... economic damages or accidents to

workers;

- The use of heating equipment during construction (heating, asphalt, soldering ...) can

cause fire, burns or accidents if no preventive measures.

- Due to the circumstances of this incident can happen at any time, so investors will

adopt measures to prevent, control efficient to minimize the negative impact.

(iii).Traffic accidents

Traffic accident risk occurred in the construction process, damage to property and

lives. The cause may be due to transportation is not guaranteed by the technical or

non-compliance with the control of traffic safety rules. This incident was entirely

preventable by checking the technical condition of transport and communication to

raise awareness observance of traffic rules by drivers and transport workers.

(iv). The risk of subsidence collapsed during the construction works

The process of construction of earthwork construction solid waste burial pit potential

subsidence risks collapsed buildings. When incidents occur, not only harmful effects

on the environment and also threatens human lives.

Incidents landslides during the rainy season may occur during excavation, foundation

construction of tanks.

(2).During the operation phase

(i). Work accidents

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Work accidents can occur during operation at the central wastewater treatment plant.

The main cause of accidents is:

- The observance of safety rules and poor labours.

- The carelessness of workers in the process control machinery, equipment and

vehicles;

- Health status of workers are not well lead to fall asleep at work or due to overwork.

(ii).Leaking fuel and raw material

Leaking fuel, liquid or gas chemicals will affect human health, impact on flora and

fauna. Leaks can lead to accidents that cause fire, explosion, oil spills, chemical spills

etc.. causing major economic damage - social as well as ecological systems in the

region and surrounding areas.

(iii).Fire Incidents by storing fuel chemical

Fire Incidents can occur in the case of transportation and storage of fuel or electric

shock, causing loss of life and property of the business and residential communities

around. It is possible to identify the source of ignition is as follows:

- The storage of fuel (gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, natural gas ...), the storage of

chemicals (paints, glues, varnishes ...);

- Transformers, Power Supply System in the central wastewater treatment plant.

Investors will apply the integrated measures to prevent and timely rescue incidents to

minimize the negative impact on the environment.

(iv).The fixed stations cessation in the central wastewater treatment plant

Incidents in the central wastewater treatment plant suspended operations may occur

due to the station's equipment such as pumps, agitators, chemical plant lit ...

discontinued operations (due to malfunction or power failure). The other reason is

because the operators did not ensure that digital organisms are killed, the station must

suspend operations of the central wastewater treatment plant to culture the bacteria.

The central wastewater treatment plant suspended operations will cause a large

amount of stagnant water, untreated, can cause environmental pollution.

This problem can be prevented by regularly checking the technical condition of the

equipment is operating; replaced promptly repair damaged machinery, workers are

fully trained technicians. In addition, investors will invest in the construction works of

the central wastewater treatment plant

4.2.4. Socio-economic Impacts

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(1).Construction phase of the project

- The concentration of a construction work force (approximately 30 construction

workers per day) during the construction period may cause negative impacts to the

social order and security in the region;

- During construction, the project to build the car turn into the school will increase.

Therefore, increasing the density of traffic in the area, leading to an increased risk of

traffic accidents.

Therefore, the project owner will care, construction layout plan, mobilize machinery,

vehicles, equipment and techniques in a scientific way and road safety management in

order to minimize the adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic

conditions.

(2).Operation phase of the project

(i). The positive impact

When the central waste water treatment plant with capacity of 2,000 m3/day at An

Phuoc Industrial Zone going into operation will contribute to socio-economic

development, as follows:

- Wastewater treatment at QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column A, Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9

contribute to the protection of surface water in the water stream;

- Operation of the project will create jobs, generate income stability for workers,

poverty contributing to erosion, improve the environment, improve the educational

level of the people.

(ii).The negative impact

Along with the benefits of economic growth - social, the project will also cause a

number of negative effects, such as changing living conditions, increased activity of

mosquitoes because of the treatment tank.

4.2.5. Cumulative impacts

The Nuoc Trong stream is the water body, which receive wastewaters from Long

Thanh, Long Duc and Tam Phuoc Industrial Zones. According to the local authority,

the Nuoc Trong stream water is not used for domestic purposes, so the quality of

wastewater being discharged into the stream basin to reach the standard QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT column B, corresponding to Kq = 1,1 and Kf depending on the

actual amount of emissions per unit discharge (Based on Annex 1 of Decision No.

16/2010/QD-UBND dated 19 March 2010 on environmental zoning to the surface

waters receiving industrial effluents). When the central wastewater treatment plant of

An Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1 discharge with an average wastewater flow of 884

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m3/day; largest wastewater flow of 2,000 m3/day. With effluent discharge permit of

2,000m3/day, the central wastewater treatment plant was achieved QCVN 40:2011/

BTNMT, column B, Kq = 0.9; Kf = 0.9, so it is in accordance with the conditions of

discharging wastewater into water sources.

Currently, the Nuoc Trong Stream is water body receiving waste waters from the

industrial zones in Dong Nai province such as Long Thanh, Long Duc and Tam Phuoc

Industrial Zones. In addition, the water supply for the little streams, small flow

velocities. Runoff into streams mostly from small streams north into the upper.

Therefore, the possibility of dilution water in streams is low and slowly drain to the

sea. So An Phuoc Industrial Zone wastewater and sewage pouring into the region's

streams will cause the water in adverse impacts on stream water quality if discharged

untreated water standards before discharging into streams.

However, the discharge of wastewater into water sources An Phuoc Industrial Zone-

Phase 1 (module 1) will have an impact on water quality, flow of Nuoc Trong streams.

Due to the station's wastewater flow from the central wastewater treatment plant of An

Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) is small compared to the flow stream and

treated to meet the national technical regulations on the environment before discharge

to the receiving water the impact is negligible.

To assess the cumulative impacts to the operation of treatment plants discharge

wastewater concentration of An Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) for water

in streams, we will evaluate the ability of the receiving water While water streams

receiving wastewater from the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc

Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1). The evaluation will follow 02/2009/TT-BTNMT

Circular dated 03.19.2009 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Regulations to assess the possibility of getting effluent water.

Wastewater from the waste water treatment of An Phuoc Industrial Zone - Phase 1

(module 1) is treated with the central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc

Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) at QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical

Regulation on waste water industry (column B), Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9 when released into

the Nuoc Trong stream.

Load capacity of water in streams is evaluated as follows:

Limit values of pollutants in the Nuoc Trong stream are presented in the following

table:

Table 4.28. Limit values of water pollutants in Nuoc Trong streams

Parameters BOD COD TSS As Pb Cd Hg

Ctc limit values (mg /l) 15 30 50 0,05 0,05 0,01 0,001

Note: The limit value determined by Ctc QCVN 08:2008 /BTNMT, Column B2.

(1).Maximum pollution load

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Maximum pollution load can receive water for contaminants is calculated by the

following formula:

Ltd = (Qs + Qt) x Ctc x 86,4 Among them:

- Ltd: maximum pollution load of water for contaminants;

- Q: stream flow and stream water in, Q = 4.66 m3 / s (Decision dated 19/3/2010 of

PPC 16/2010/QD-UBND The V / v Partitioning the water environment present to

receive industrial effluents);

- Qt: Wastewater Flow, Qt = 0.092 m3 / s (up WWTP of An Phuoc Industrial Zone -

Phase 1 (module 1) + flow + Tam Phuoc industrial zone discharge waste water flow

Long Thanh Industrial Zone + water flow Long Duc Industrial Zone m3/day));

- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day).

- Results calculated maximum pollution load can receive water for contaminants is

presented in the following table.

Table 4.29. Maximum pollution load which can be received by water body.

Parameters BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg

Qs + Qt

(m3/s) 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58 5,58

Ctc (mg/l) 15 30 50 0,05 0,05 0,01 0,001

Ltd (kg/day) 7.231,680 14.463,360 24.105,600 24,106 24,106 4,821 0,482

(2).Load pollutant available

Load pollutant sources available in the host country is calculated using the formula:

Ln = Qs x Cs x 86.4 Among them:

- Ln: pollution load available in the receiving water;

- Q: stream flow and stream water in, Q = 4.66 m3 / s (Decision dated 19/3/2010

16/2010/QD-UBND of Dong Nai province about Partitioning the water environment

present to receive industrial effluents);

- Cs: the maximum value of the concentration of pollutants in water before receiving

water;

- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3 / s) x (mg /l) to (kg / day).

Results calculated pollutant load sources available in the host country are presented in

the following table.

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Table 4.30. Calculated results of pollutant loads, which are available in the receiving

water body


Qs (m3/s) 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66 4,66

Cs (mg/l) 3 21,15 7 0,03

not

found

Not

found

not

found

Ln (kg/day) 1207,872 8515,498 2818,368 12,079 - - -

Note: Cs is the average value of the analysis results of Nuoc Trong stream water

quality made by investor at May, 20, 2013.

(3).Load of the discharge of pollutants from sources

Load of the discharge of pollutants from the source to the receiving water is calculated

using the formula:

Lt = Qt x Ct x 86.4 Among them:

- Lt: Load emission sources of pollution;

- Qt: Wastewater Flow, Qt = 0.023 m3/s;

- Ct: the maximum value of the concentration of pollutants in waste water;

- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day).

Load calculation results from the discharge of pollutants into receiving water bodies

are shown in the following table.

Table 4.31. Calculated results of the pollution load from An Phuoc Industrial Zone

discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream


Qt (m3/s) 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,023

Ct (mg/l) 24,3 60,75 40,5 0,04 0,081 0,04 0,004

Lt (kg/day) 48,289 120,722 80,482 0,079 0,161 0,079 0,008

Note: Ct: concentration of treated wastewater taken from An Phuoc Industrial Zone,

which equal the maximum concentrations of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, kq = 0.9, kf =

0.9, column A.

(4).Absorption capacity of stream pollution load in water

The ability to recognize pollution load of Nuoc Trong stream is calculated by the

following formula:

Ltn = (Ltd - Ln - Lt) x Fs Among them:

- Ltn: Absorption capacity of the pollutant load Nuoc Trong stream (kg/day);

- Ltd: maximum load of pollutants to water pollutants (kg/day);

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- Ln: pollution load available in the receiving water (kg/day);

- Lt: Download the source of pollution emissions (kg/day);

- Fs: safety factor, Fs = 0.3 to 0.7, Fs = 0.5 chosen.

Absorption capacity of Nuoc Trong stream receiving wastewater after An Phuoc

Industrial Zone are presented in the following table.

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Table 4.32. Carrying capacity of Nuoc Trong stream receiving the treated wastewater

discharging from An Phuoc Industrial Zone

Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg

Ltd (kg/day) 7.231,680 14.463,360 24.105,600 24,106 24,106 4,821 0,482

Ln (kg/day) 1207,872 8515,498 2818,368 12,079 - - -

Lt (kg/day) 48,289 120,722 80,482 0,079 0,161 0,079 0,008

Ltn (kg/day) 2.987,760 2.913,570 10.603,375 5,974 11,972 2,371 0,237

Comment: Nuoc Trong stream after receiving wastewater from An Phuoc Industrial

Zone still have the receiving capacity for BOD, COD, SS, Pb, Cd, As and Hg.

Therefore, Nuoc Trong stream can still receive the wastewater from An Phuoc

Industrial Zone.

4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE USED EIA METHODS

The level of detail, reliability of the methods used are given in Table 4.33.

Table 4.33.Summary of the reliability of the used EIA methods

No. Method Reliability Cause

01 Statistical Methods Migh Based on official statistics of the

province.

02

The method of field

sampling and laboratory

analysis

High

- Equipment for sampling and

analysis of new and modern

- Based on standard sampling

methods

03

Rapid assessment method

by using pollution factor

established by WHO in

1993

Medium

Based on the coefficient of pollution

World Health Organization set up is

not really consistent with the

conditions of Vietnam

04 Comparison method High The analytical results have high

reliability

05 The method of checklist and

matrix Medium

The method evaluates only semi-

quantitative or qualitative, based on

the subjective evaluation

06 Modeling method High Calculation results are high reliability

07 Public consultation method High

Based on the opinion of the

Fatherland Front Union and People

Committee of commune


EIA report for the project "Investment in the construction of the central waste water

treatment plant with capacity of 2,000 m3/day" of IZ An Phuoc, Tin Nghia

120

Corporation have prepared by an investor with the advice of the Environment

Technology Center (ENTEC) within Vietnam Association of Conservation of Nature

and Environment (VACNE). With many years experience in EIA, ENTEC have fully

assessed with the necessary reliability on impacts of the proposed projects and feasible

measures to limit the harmful effects.

Besides the data resources, reference, the Corporation also receive the consultation of

the People's Committee and the Fatherland Front Union at the project site, therefore,

the impact assessment presented in the report meet the actual requirements of the local

authorities.

However, the some assessments of the EIA report are also qualitative or semi-

quantitative due to there is not enough information, detailed data for quantitative

assessment.

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CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE NEGATIVE

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT

5.1. LAND CLEARANCE PHASE

The entire construction area of the wastewater treatment plant is classified as

industrial land and no land compensation has to be carried out previous to the start of

the construction. Hence minimal environmental and social impact on local population

was happened during the land clearance phase.

5.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

5.2.1. Air Pollution Control

During the construction phase, rock excavation, transport vehicles and construction

equipment are major sources of air pollution. The following counter measures are

implemented to mitigate the impact of air pollution, noise and vibration.

(1).Air pollution control

- To only use the registered vehicles, which has met the standards and regulations on

air emissions

- High amount of dusts are generated by the intense traffics of construction materials

transports, which may seriously affect air quality in the region. Therefore, the need to

maintain water spray 2 times/day at the construction site, surrounding the transport

route and gathering of materials, machinery, construction entrances, dumping area and

traffic hubs . This reduce the loose dust, soil sand which can be dispersed by wind into

the air (especially during the dry season in the sunny and windy days);

- Cover the top of the transport equipment, construction materials storage sites and

rinsed through before leaving the site;

- Schedule time to avoid transport during sensitive hours (e.g.: peak hours, mid-night).

Regulate the speed for vehicles (<30km/h) to minimize noise generation, especially

when passing through residential areas during such hours;

- To carry maintenance on vehicles and construction equipment to acquire valid

inspection certificate, and minimize noise, vibration and emissions arising out.

- To systematically organize the traffic in and out the field in accordance with

regulation and of real-time local traffic.

- To minimize the dust pollution caused by the transportation of materials and

equipment to residential, the project also upgrade and build transportation routes to

and from the project area;

- The machines are regularly maintained, runs well with the valid inspection

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certificate, which allow participating in the construction.

- Do not incinerate wastes in the project area.

(2). Noise pollution and vibrations control

The construction areas have intense traffics and construction equipment activities

(such as rollers, bulldozers, excavators, cranes, excavators etc.). This generates high

levels of noise and vibrations affecting on surrounding environment. To minimize the

effects of noise and vibrations from vehicles and machinery, the following counter-

measures are carried out:

- Do not use old vehicles, construction machines, which are not licensed by the

Registration Stations and generate noise and vibrations above allowable limits;

- To thoroughly comply with the standards and maintenance schedules to reduce air

pollution.

- To regulate the speed of vehicles and machinery, which operating within the

construction area to less than 5km/h;

- For the machines with high noise levels, such as excavators, compressors, excavator

etc. noise isolation devices will be installed. When excessive noises can't be avoided,

appropriate noise protection gears (helmet, ear plug) will be enforced surrounding the

area.

- Do not exceed freight tonnage regulations;

- Check the level of noise, vibration during construction, thereby setting the

appropriate schedule to achieve noise levels, vibration as permitted by regulations

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT;

- Avoid the intensive use of heavy machines in the same time and space which may

cause resonance of noise and vibration;

5.2.2. Water Pollution Control

- During the construction phase, generated wastewater will be not directly discharged

into the Nuoc Trong stream in the project area. Construction unit will construct water

pits for sludge and sediment treatment;

- The types of wastewater generated during the construction of the central wastewater

treatment plant are collected and treated before discharging into the environment.

Project investors will closely manage and monitor the contractors to ensure no

wastewater will be discharged directly into the regional surface and groundwater;

- To construct the temporary wastewater treatment (i.e. septic tank) or arrange 2-3

portable toilets for construction workers, and solid waste storage area

- Only use biodegradable chemical that non-toxic to the environment. The waste water

containing chemicals, oil and grease are collected and thoroughly treated to ensure for

safe discharge.

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- Wastewater from the cleaning of vehicles will be collected into the sedimentation

tank before discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream

- To design the run-off drainage in the construction field with collection points consist

of sediment manholes and grease trap to prevent oil pollution in the Nuoc Trong

stream in the project area.

5.2.3. Soil Contamination Control

Due to the nature of construction activities (excavation and building construction),

insignificant amount of chemicals will be stored on site. Hence risk of soil

contamination is negligible during the project’s construction phase. Therefore, the

project owner will not implement any counter measures here

5.2.4. Traffic Control

- Only use the vehicle with the valid registration certificate to meet the standards and

regulations

- As stated earlier, the speed of vehicles and machinery within the construction area is

limited to 5km/h;

- Do not exceed freight tonnage regulations;

- Set up transportation plan, with coordination of vehicle traffic within the appropriate

area to avoid the high concentration of transportation at the same time or the same

location.

5.2.5. Public Health and Socio- economic Development Protection

- Training workers about workplace safety in the WWTP. The company will also

cooperate with the Occupational Safety Division within Department of Labor, War

Invalids and Social Affairs of Dong Nai province to organize the training on safety

rules and equipment operation;

- Enforcing the wearing of protective gear for employees in accordance with the

specific works;

- Developing the plan to reduce the impact of pollutants on worker’s health at the

WWTP;

- Carry out periodic health examination program for workers in the WWTP;

- Ensuring the microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the standards and

regulation issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the worker’s health;

- Controlling noise levels according to noise standards and regulations to prevent

associated occupational diseases;

5.2.6. Solid Waste Management

(1).Domestic solid waste

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To minimize pollution from domestic solid waste, the project owner and the

contractor will implement the following measures:

- Enforce rules of hygiene and environmental protection in workers amps, including

financial sanctions if violated;

- To organize the training for workers on environmental protection regulations;

- Domestic solid waste generated will be collected in appropriate container within the

project area. At the worker’s camps two to three 100L garbage bins with be provided,

and toilets for personal hygiene;

- To contract with Urban Environment Services Company of Dong Nai Province and

functional units to collect, and transport solid wastes to the waste disposal area at Bau

Can commune, Long Thanh district.

(2).Construction solid waste

Construction solid wastes are mainly damaged materials such as rubble, sand, gravel,

concrete scrap, damaged wood planking, broken protective devices etc. and domestic

solid waste generated from construction workers on the field. The treatment of solid

wastes is regularly conducted, focusing on waste reuse. Wastes such as cement bags,

protective gear, head piece of steel, welding rods collected at the specified location on

the site can be resold as recyclable materials. The types of rubble, rocks etc. will be

used for foundation levelling.

(3).Hazardous waste

The hazardous wastes including oily rags, wasted oil are collected in special tanks and

contain on the cans having lids for further disposal in compliance with Circular

12/2011/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste regulations.

5.2.7. Risk Mitigation

Since the short duration and small scale of construction activities, the work risks and

incidents should be easy to control and prevent:

(1).Fire prevention

- Workers in the construction site will be trained in response to fire-related incidents;

fully equip with fire prevention equipment in accordance with the applicable law;

- The types of solvents and flammable fuel will be stored in separate isolation

repositories, away from potential sources of ignition and spark-ignition;

- Issue rules on prohibiting employees to smoke, or cause ignition in these areas with

high risk of flammable;

125

- Apply explosive mitigation devices at the fuel storage area at the project’s site;

When the fire and explosion incident happens, the company will immediately

collaborate with Fire Prevention and Fighting Department of Long Thanh District to

respond.

(2).Traffic risk prevention

- Regulating the transportation means in and out the project areas reasonably, carrying

within limited transport loads;

- Organizing advocacy for officials and employees and owner of transportation means

to implement the traffic safety law.

(3).Measures to ensure the safety, health protection

- To comply with regulations on labor safety when established construction projects

organization; machinery layout; accidents preventive measures, workers in the

construction site used equipment such as protective headgear, masks, gloves,

protective clothing, goggles, shoes, boots;

- Closely monitoring the construction process, minimize the extent of occupational

accidents; including electrical safety and traffic accidents;

- Limit storage of explosive or flammable resources or chemicals. Establish barriers to

isolate dangerous areas such as power transformers, power supply systems, flammable

materials (such as fuel storage gasoline, paint materials, equipment, ...);

To build fire prevention programs and provide specialized protection gear to handle

when problem occurs.

5.3. OPERATION PHASE

5.3.1. Air Pollution Control

(1).General measures to reduce air pollution

The integrated measures to limit air pollution and effects on health workers applied by

Tin Nghia Corporation during the operation as follows:

- To build the waste water treatment plant in accordance with industry safety,

industrial hygiene, to maintain the necessary ventilation with natural ventilation and

cooling fans;

- Clean the wastewater treatment, operating rooms after each shift;

- Provide labor protection under the provisions for workers and supervise the use of

personal protective equipment during work;

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- Provide sufficient information about sanitation, occupational safety for workers.

(2).Measures to control and reduce air pollution concentration at the central waste

water treatment plant.

The Company will apply the probiotics (GEM-P, K-GEM, GEM, CTA-T, CTA-8T

produced by Bien Co Company Ltd. based on a survey of micro-organisms in

Vietnam) and chemical agents (Tocazeo produced by Thanh Chuong Production -

Services - Commerce Co.Ltd) to reduce odors arising from the waste sector,

wastewater treatment, sludge dump etc. In addition, the plan to using a more pleasant

smell (masking agents) will also be applied in the area of waste water treatment.

How to use probiotics (GEM-P, P1-GEM, GEM-K, GEM, CTA-T, CTA-8T of Bien

Co Company Ltd.:

- Estimated amount of probiotics used for the central waste water treatment plant

capacity in the first 30 days: 6,000 litter K-GEM, GEM-P1 4.500 kg;

- From 31 to 60 days: reduce 20% of the composition;

- From the day 61 onwards of the composition to about 60%;

- From the day 91 onwards of the composition to about 50%;

- Installation of automatic sprinkler systems;

- Dilute 1 litter of GEM-K with 100 litters of water and spray over places with strong

odour.

- For emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in

wastewater, this type of odour is very difficult to control. The best mitigation

measures are frequent sanitation, garbage collection from solid waste trap, dredged

sludge and sludge from the sludge tanks and sent them for compressed and treatment

regularly.

In addition the following counter measures will also be carried out:

- Planting tree with large canopy to create landscapes and mitigate the odour;

- Use oxidative agents: The nature of odors will be destroyed by strong oxidizing

agents such as H2O2 or ozone (O3). Therefore, the management board can periodically

spray H2O2 solution in the region or install arising ozone generators for odor treatment.

Currently ozone generators have been applied for many other case studies in Vietnam.

(3).To control air pollution caused by traffic activities

- Concretise the roads within the central wastewater treatment plant, frequent

sanitation of roads and installation of automatic sprinkler systems for roads within the

central waste water treatment plant;

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- Do not start the engine of the car while waiting for materials, chemicals, sewage

sludge, garbage;

- Regular inspection and maintenance of transport vehicles, ensuring well technical

condition.

(4).Reducing noise pollution

- Installation of anti-vibration cushion around machinery that produce loud noise.

Compressors will be located in soundproof chambers;

- Soundproof the major noise source (usually 200 mm thick layer of the wall, next to

100 mm thick foam sound insulation, window layout with sound absorption wall

leaning, wooden door closed and heavy);

- Inspection and routine maintenance of machinery and equipment. Normally

maintenance cycles for new devices is every 4-6 months, old devices is every 3

months;

- Planting more trees on the campus to spread out the sound waves.

(5).Reduce excess heat pollution

On hot days the temperature in the area of the waste water treatment plant is usually

higher than standards by 1 - 30C. The project investor will provide internal cooling

devices and cooling beverage with added sugar and mineral salts for the operators

working onsite.

5.3.2. Water Pollution Control

(1).Road and drainage collection

Domestic wastewater

Waste water from toilets of employees is collected and treated by a septic tank, then

discharged along treated effluent from WWTP.

Stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff is collected through expensive collecting pipeline network. Solid

wastes and particles will be separated for collection before the runoff will be

discharged into storm drains of the Industrial Park.

(2).Technology and efficiency

The design parameters of the input and output of the central waste water treatment

plant are presented in Table 5.1.

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Table 5.1. The inlet and outlet parameters of the central wastewater treatment plant

according to design:

No. Parameters Unit Input

Output - QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT,

Colum A (Kq=0,9,

Kf=0,9)

1. Colour Pt/Co 150 40

2. pH - 5.5 - 9 6 - 9

3. BOD5 mg/l 50 30

4. COD mg/l 150 75

5. SS mg/l 100 50

6. Arsenic mg/l 0.1 0.05

7. Hg mg/l 0.01 0.005

8. Pb mg/l 0.5 0.1

9. Cadimium mg/l 0.1 0.05

10. Chrome (VI) mg/l 0.1 0.05

11. Chrome (III) mg/l 1 0.2

12. Cu mg/l 2 2

13. Zn mg/l 3 3

14. Fe mg/l 5 1

15. Cyanide mg/l 0.1 0.07

16. Phenol Total mg/l 0.5 0.1

17. Total mineral oil mg/l 10 5

18. Sulfide mg/l 0.5 0.2

19. Fluoride mg/l 10 5

20. Total N mg/l 40 20

21. Total P mg/l 6 4

22. Residual Chlorine mg/l 2 1

23. Total Coliform bacteria /

100ml

5000 3000

Treatment efficiency of IZ An Phuoc’s central wastewater treatment plant is presented

in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2. Treatment efficiency of IZ An Phuoc’s central wastewater treatment plant


Output Treatment

efficiency

(%)

1. Colour Pt/Co 150 40 73,3

2. BOD5 mg/l 50 24 52,0

3. COD mg/l 150 60 60,0

4. SS mg/l 100 40 60,0

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Output Treatment

efficiency

(%)

5. Arsenic mg/l 0.1 0.04 60,0

6. Hg mg/l 0.01 0.004 60,0

7. Pb mg/l 0.5 0.1 80,0

8. Cadmium mg/l 0.1 0.04 60,0

9. Chrome (VI) mg/l 0.1 0.04 60,0

10. Chrome (III) mg/l 1 0.2 80,0

11. Cu mg/l 2 2 0,0

12. Zn mg/l 3 2 33,3

13. Fe mg/l 5 1 80,0

14. Cyanide mg/l 0.1 0.06 40,0

15. Phenol total mg/l 0.5 0.1 80,0

16. Total mineral oil mg/l 10 4 60,0

17. Sulfide mg/l 0.5 0.2 60,0

18. Fluoride mg/l 10 4 60,0

19. Total N mg/l 40 16 60,0

20. Total P mg/l 6 3 50,0

21. Residual

Chlorine

mg/l 2 1 50,0

22. Total Coliform bacteria /

100ml

5000 2.400 52,0

5.3.3. Soil contamination control

Due to the nature of operational activities, insignificant amount of chemicals will be

stored on site. Hence risk of soil contamination is negligible here.

5.3.4. Negative Environmental Impacts on Ecosystems and Socio-economic

Development

(1).Minimize impact to ecological systems

The impacts to ecosystems when operating, mainly impact to upstream and

downstream aquatic ecosystems from discharge point of An Phuoc Industrial Zone

both due to water flow discharge and concentrations of pollutants if discharge

standards were violated. So following measures were implemented:

- Strict control of flow and wastewater discharge should be implemented, especially

during sudden change of river flow like heavy rain. The discharge point is equipped

with meter to control the flow of constant discharge;

- The quality of treated effluent will be closely monitored to ensure consistently

achieved QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A standard. The central waste water

130

treatment plant is installed with automatic monitoring devices to daily monitor

important indicators. In the case of incident shows ineffective treatment due to

microbiology or damaged equipment, the treatment operation will immediately be

stopped and fix will be immediately carried out.

- Applications for discharge of wastewater into water sources for the central waste

water treatment plant will be logged to the authority, and only fully qualified and

capable worker will get the position

(2).Minimization of socio-economic impact

The socio-economic impact caused by the WWTP mainly will affect people living in

downstream area of the discharge point if discharge standards were violated. So

similarly, the investors will also closely manage and monitor the flow and quality of

discharged wastewater according to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A.

5.3.5. Risk Impacts Control

- Apply measures deodorizing and disinfecting in every stage of the central waste

water treatment plant;

- The investor committed to applying technical measures necessary to ensure

emissions after treatment in accordance with QCVN 19:2009 BTNMT and QCVN 20:

2009 BTNMT;

- Planting trees in high density around the central waste water treatment plant (within

the safety corridor from the station to the nearest residential area) to prevent diffused

dust toward residential areas. By design, green corridor is 10 m thickness;

- Moving out of the mud of the central waste water treatment plant; in appropriate

time and when the traffic density is lowest. Need specialized vehicles used to transport

sludge to reduce odor and dust emissions during transportation.

5.3.6. Risk Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase

(1). Sanitary and labor safety

(i). Safety equipment

- For safety and security for the plant to work, lightning protection system will be

installed at the highest position of the central waste water treatment plant. This will

ensure safety against lightning strikes during the rainy season;

- For devices that use electrical power, fully equipped security system, wiring and

grounding safety are installed, inspected prior to operation. Also, IZ Management

Board will also set up building regulations on electrical grid system of the WWTP;

- Industrial Zone management boards will grade each machines and devices based on

131

structure and other features, and are build safety rules for each specific device

(ii). Labor safety for workers

- Train workers about labor safety in the station. The Company will cooperate will

cooperate with the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs of Dong Nai

to province safety training to workers in each operating stage;

- Based on the arranged of each stage of the production, tools and labor protective

gears for workers will be provided.

In addition to the pollution control methods mentioned above, the plan to reduce the

impact of pollutants on the health of workers in the station will be fully applied as

follows:

- Perform well testing program and periodic health surveillance for workers,

- Ensure microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the standard issued by

the Ministry of Health to protect the health of workers;

- To control noise standards regulations to prevent occupational diseases caused by the

manufacturing process;

- Training and provide information on safety.

(2). Fire and explosion Safety

(i).Fire safety measures

- Provide fire fighting equipment; fire protection systems around the area.

- Workers will be provided with directly training to handle and response against fire

and explosion threats;

- The combustible fuels will be stored in separate isolated locations, away from

potential sources of ignition. The solvent storage tank will be installed with safety

valves, temperature monitoring devices degrees, fire alarm and automatic fire

sprinkle;

- There are fire alarm systems, communication systems, alarm. The fire fighting

vehicles will be checked and in maintenance regularly;

- In areas with explosive or flammable risks, workers can't smoke, do not carry

lighters, matches, instrument that ignition, sparks, ...;

(ii). Equipment

- Water valves for fire fighting; including the water tower and pond with fire pumps

- Personal foam extinguisher; and other fire fighting equipment in all functional areas;

For the operator:

132

- Equip hood and exhaust fan for ventilation;

- Design and installation of safety devices for electrical system, regular inspection to

prevent short-circuit;

- The storage area of flammable materials and chemical ... will be installed with fire

alarm systems, water tanks, sand bags, fire extinguishers and protection gears.

(iii). Fire and explosion incident’s rescue :

- In places with flammable risks, fire alarm systems are installed, with communication

systems, alarm and is periodically test, under maintenance and always in a state of

operational readiness;

- The machinery working at high temperatures and pressures required routine checked,

and registered;

- The fuel is stored in isolated repositories, away from potential sources of ignition

and spark. Safe distance between the buildings is 12-20m for fire truck to easily

access;

- Prohibit smoking workers, bringing lighters, fire appliances emit flammable region.

- Coordinate with the FPF Company in Dong Nai province plans to FPF, arrange for

the workers and volunteer team rehearse the plan was established.

(3).Measures to prevent and respond to fuel leaks

To prevent and respond to fuel leaks (diesel oil), the investor will cooperate with the

authorities to examine the systems, storage tanks, and transport vehicles to set up

response plans as follows:

- Regularly check the safety of the fuel tank to repair, replace and fix leaks promptly

fuel;

- Fences surrounding areas fuel tank, tank placement by5-10m. Placing warning signs,

prohibition signs of fire, combustible materials close to the area;

- The transport of petroleum, chemicals, etc. (such as trucks, ...) must have sufficient

legal status, as well as to meet safety standards, technical regulations applicable to

transportation on roads;

- Remind employees to comply with FPF regulations during work.

Preparation for prevention, rescue incidents, under supervision and strict inspection

systems

(4).Lightning protection

Installation of lightning protection systems on the highest position of the station to

attract lightning arresters, lightning pillars are arranged to protect all structures with

133

high protection calculation is 10 -14m;

(5).Respond to the emergency from wastewater treatment plant

Incidents includes the breakdown of equipment such as pumps, agitators, chemical

magnet machines, (due to malfunction or power failure etc. ) or the death of

microbiology cultures may discontinue the operations. This will cause a large amount

of stagnant water, not treated can cause environmental pollution.

This problem can be prevented by regular inspection of the equipment’s technical

condition, repairing or replacing damaged machinery, and close monitoring to forecast

and intervening microbiological failure.

134

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1. MITIGATION OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The management unit of the wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc IZ is Tin Nghia

Corporation, who will be responsible for ensuring the requirements of standards/

regulations on environmental protection during the project’s construction and

operation.

The independent monitoring consultant unit will be hired by Tin Nghia Corporation to

directly supervise, manage, and monitor the environment.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai province will

monitor the environmental protection activities in the province.

The units involved in the project’s environmental management program are described

in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1. The agencies involved in the environmental management program

No Unit Major Responsibilities

1 Construction

contractors

Implementing the proposed mitigation measures.

Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation.

2 Implementation

Consultants

Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the

environmental management plan proposed in the EIA report.

Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation

3 Environmental

Monitoring

Consultant

Implementing and monitoring the environmental quality

assessment based on the monitoring parameters proposed in

the report.

Implementing the public consultation meetings to record

feedback and evaluation of the local people about the

project’s environmental management plan.

Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation.

4 Department of

Natural Resources

and Environment

Monitoring and evaluating the mitigation measures proposed

in the construction phase through the report of Tin Nghia

Corporation and actual test results.

6.1.1. Mitigation Measures Performance Plan

(1).Construction phase

(i). The organizational structure

135

The environmental issues will be controlled and monitored for:

- The process of foundation levelling;

- The construction and installation of machinery and equipment of the waste water

treatment plant;

- The process of building the infrastructure and support facilities;

- The process of transporting, storing equipment, materials, fuels;

- Activities in the field of workers.

(ii). The specific items

The specific items in the environmental management plan in the construction phase of

WWTP include:

- Management of construction works;

- Management of dust pollution mitigation;

- Safety plan for the construction works;

- Management of sludge and waste water sedimentation;

- Management of noise pollution mitigation;

- Management of traffic and transportation facilities;

- Management of construction materials, equipment and warehouses, storage yards;

- Management of municipal and construction wastes;

- Management of hazardous wastes

- Management of plan and construction progress of the works;

- Management of plan and schedule of installation of machinery and excavation;

- Planning for fire prevention and safety in construction;

- Plan to prevent and limit the adverse impacts;

- Communicate, educate, raise awareness of environmental protection for workers;

- Implementation of the reporting system under the provisions of environmental

legislation on environmental protection;

- Complying the procedures for inspection of environmental protection;

- Implementation of environmental protection measures outlined in the approved EIA

report and complying with the Vietnam Environmental standards/regulations;

- Complying with the provisions of the law on environmental protection.

(2).Operational phase, in operation

136

(i). The organizational structure

The organizational structure of environmental management in the operational phase of

the waste water treatment plant is established before the operation. Staff in charge of

the environment will coordinate with the relevant units in the management of the

environment in every stage. The management program includes:

- Management of the station operation system in accordance with the technical

procedure;

- Management of technical infrastructure, machinery and equipment of the station;

- Management and operation of the system in environmental treatment facilities;

- Management of waste, environmental risk and incidents.

(ii). Management measures

- Monitoring of emissions and waste sources in the station area;

- Management of solid and hazardous waste and waste waters;

- Developing the environmental monitoring plan in the project’s area;

- Developing and establishing the plan for the incident response;

- Training on safety and environment for employees;

- To monitor and store the operational results related to the environmental safety of

the WWT plant and ancillary facilities;

- Regularly reviewing and examining the effectiveness of the environmental

management plan and revising the plan as needed;

- The main waste treatment facilities in this phase are as follows:

+ Drainage system and wastewater collection;

+ Garbage bins (5-10 garbage bins with 200 litter capacity placed in the

gathering area and 10-20 garbage bin with 10 litter capacity located in the

office’s areas);

+ Lightning and fire protection system;

+ All environmental treatment facilities will be completed before the time when

the waste water treatment plant have been officially operated

137

(3).Summary of plans and mitigation measure

Environmental management program during construction and operational phases and preventing risks of the project are summarized

in Table 6.2, Table 6.3 and Table 6.4 below:

Table 6.2. Summary of the environmental management program of projects in the construction phase

Problems /

impacts

Code Mitigation measures applied Laws document/

regulations referenced

Air Pollution A1 The construction vehicles are regularly checked and have " quality control,

technical safety and environmental protection certificate" follow Decision

No. 35/2 5/QD-BGTVT on 21/07/2005

- TCVN 6438-2005: road

transport. Maximum

allowable limit of

emissions;

- Decision 35/2005/QD-

BGTVT - Decision issued

regulations on quality

control, technical safety and

environmental protection of

vehicles imported into

Vietnam

- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT-

national technical standards

for the ambient air quality

A2 Maintenance of vehicles and equipment daily and 6 months/time (or 8,000

km of road)

A3 Do not incinerate waste onsite

A4 Monitoring air quality emissions, dust, noise onsite and in surrounding area

Dust

Emissions

D1 Transporting waste outside construction work as soon as possible

- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT

- National Technical

Regulation on the ambient

air quality

D2 Cover trucks to prevent spillage of soil, sand, or dust materials in transit.

D3 The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with national regulation

for the ambient air quality.

138

D4 The Contractor shall ensure that dust emission is minimal and does not

become a nuisance to local residents. Contractor shall implement dust

control plan to maintain safe working environments and minimize

disturbance to the residential/housing around.

D5 Contractor shall implement measures to minimize dust emissions when

necessary (such as spraying water on the road construction, cover material

storage areas, etc.)

D6 Excavated soil and material stockpiles should be covered to prevent

dispersal by wind and the positions of the stockpile material must consider

wind direction and the location of sensitive areas.

The

disturbance

of vegetation

and

ecosystems

TR1 The Contractor shall prepare measures to protect vegetation outlined in the

environmental management plan approved by the building construction

engineer, according to relevant regulations. Clearance plan must be

approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and strict compliance

by the contractor

The Environmental

Protection Law No

52/2005/QH11

Noise and

vibration

N1 Avoid building at night (01 am to 6 am)

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT -

National technical

regulation on noise

-QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT:

National Technical

Regulation on vibration

N2 The contractor is responsible for compliance with the laws of Vietnam on

noise and vibration.

N3 All cars must have "Certificates of quality control, technical safety and

environmental protection" Decision No. 35/2 5/QD-BGTVT avoid excess

emissions noise from the old machine, the hips are appropriate renovations.

Increased

turbidity in

surface

water

TU1 Ensuring the technical requirements for waste water treatment and runoff

TU2 Better management of soil erosion and sediment

139

Domestic

wastewater

from

workers

WW1 Construction and use of temporary portable toilets in the Industrial Zone

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT:

National technical

regulation on domestic

wastewater WW2

Building a septic tank and wastewater collection and sewage when

completed

WW3 The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with the laws of

Vietnam regarding wastewater into water sources

WW4 Wastewater exceeded the value allowed by Vietnam standards/laws must be

collected in a septic tank and transported outside by units licensed

collection

Drainage

and

sedimentatio

n control

SW1 Periodic dredging of drains

- TCVN 4447:1987 The

scope of construction and

acceptance

- Circular 22/2010/TT-BXD

of safety in construction

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT

- National Technical

Regulation on surface water

quality

SW2 To avoid runoff containing sediment can affect water sources, construction

of the sludge collectors, slow flowing stream or divert the flow affect the

vegetation.

SW3 Ensure drainage system is always maintained, Clean mud and obstacles,

check the condition of the drainage system periodically

SW4 To maintain the existing conditions and not disturb the position of the area

by the construction activities

SW5 Slope must be maintained with the appropriate technical characteristics of

the outfall construction

SW6 The Contractor shall comply with the detailed design of the drainage system

included in the plans, proposals to prevent rain causing local flooding or

erosion, resulting in sediment affect local water resources

140

Groundwater

pollution due

sewage leak

GW1 Leaks in the drainage system must be detected and repaired promptly

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT:

National Technical

Regulation on groundwater

quality

Solid Waste

Management

W1 Before construction, process control of solid waste shall be prepared by the

contractor and environmental management plan includes the construction

management and monitoring plans.

Decree 59/2007/ND-CP on

the management of solid

waste

W2 Before to construction, all discharge permits must be passed

W3 No burning, burying or dumping of solid waste onside

Chemicals

and

hazardous

waste

HW1 Chemical waste in any form must be disposed in appropriate landfills and

approved at the request of local authorities. The contractor must have a

certificate of treatment.

Circular No. 12/2011/TT-

BTNMT on Hazardous

Waste Management

HW2 Oils, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from vehicle maintenance and

machinery will be collected in the tank and recycled or disposed by

registered hazardous waste contractors.

HW3 The relevant authorities (IZ Management Board and the Department of

Natural Resources and Environment) will be notified in the case of oil, or

chemical spills. Remedial measures after oil spills or accidents must be

carried out immediately. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report

explaining why oil spills or accidents, state out the done remedial work, the

consequences / damage from the spill, and proposed measures overcome.

HW4 Toxic chemicals stored properly and labelled containers and lock

HW5 Train and raise awareness for workers to respond against toxic chemicals in

the workplace

141

Traffic

Management

T1 Prior to construction, consult with local governments, communities and the

traffic police

- Road Traffic Law No.

23/2008/QH12

- Construction Law

No16/2003/QH11

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-

BYT: Regulations on

occupational safety in

construction work

Temporary

stop

providing

utility

services

U1 Provide information to the affected families about work schedule as well as

suspended plans

Decree No. 73/2010/ND-

CP: The sanctioning of

administrative violations in

the field of security and

order, social security

Safety and

community

workers

HS1 Limiting speed at construction site

Circular No. 22/2010/TT-

BYT: Regulations on

occupational safety in

construction

- Directive 02/2008/CT-

BXD on reorganizing and

strengthening security

measures ensure

occupational safety,

occupational health units in

the building industry

- TCVN 5308-91: Technical

regulations for safety in

construction

- Decision No. 96/2008/

QD-TTg about demining.

HS2 Avoid transport during peak hours

HS3 Installation of lighting at night

HS4 Equip workers with protective equipment

HS5 Training workers on safety regulations and ensure their compliance

HS6 Ensure construction site safety, security and order

HS7 Provide protective clothing or protective gloves if they may be exposed to

chemicals and sludge

HS8 Prepare and implement action plans to deal with risks and emergency

situations as well as prepare emergency services at construction site

HS9 The Contractor shall comply with the regulations of Vietnam about labor

142

safety.

Communicat

ion with the

local

community

C1 Provide local communities and workers at the site the ECOP (Vietnamese)

and the Environmental Protection documents related.

- Decree No. 73/2010/ND-

CP: The sanctioning of

administrative violations in

the field of security and

order, social security

C2 - Provide information for the groups affected by the project (such as local

governments, businesses and households affected, etc.) through community

meetings before starting construction. Supply contact information to

interested parties so they can get information about the active site, project

status and results of the project;

- Provide all information, especially technical solutions, with language

understandable to the general public. Inform interested citizens and officials

through the preparation of an information sheet. Inform the press, while

conducting the work of the project.

C3 Allow community supervision and publish related information requirements

as well as the progress of the project;

C4 Feedback is written form in timely and accurate manner;

143

Table 6.3. Summary of environmental management programs in the project operation phase WWTP

No Impacts Intensity Mitigation Measures Monitoring Unit Funds

1 Pollution at the outlet Long-term - Regularly monitor

- Construction warning signs

at appropriate locations

- Regular manhole, sewer

- Reduce the risk of sewage

spill

- Monitor discharged flow

from each business

IZ Management Board, the

Department of Natural

Resources and Environment,

IZ Infrastructure Development

Company

The operating budget

of the water

company, WWTP

2 Groundwater

Pollution

Long-term - Monitoring and control of

groundwater quality in the

area

- Prevent leakage of anaerobic

tank

- Prevent leaks at the

connection point or transition

within the sewage pipe





Company

The operating budget

of the WWTP

144

3 Groundwater

Pollution

Long-term - Train O & M to monitoring

workers to assess quality

monitoring and evaluate the

performance of the WWTP

- Construction signs warning

people about the risks related

to water environment

- Focus on public

communication

- Respond and repair

immediately if accident

occurred





Company

4 Smell Long-term - Ensure radius of at least 300

m buffer zone

- Planting trees in the buffer

zone to create landscapes and

prevent odor dispersion

- Regular maintenance of the

processing unit

- Solve problems or accidents

during operation

- Clearance of the environment

around the pond





Company

5 Noise Long-term - Planting tress

- Carry out proper




145

maintenance on equipment IZ Infrastructure Development

Company

6 WWTP Team Long-term - Plan to collect and handle

solid waste

- Train workers to deal with

wastes appropriately

- Regularly collecting mud





Company

7 Sludge Management Long-term - Quality control mud to plan

appropriate treatment

- Dry and use as fertilizer or

landfill treatment based on the

quality of sludge

- Reducing spills along the

transport routes especially for

dusts what may contain heavy

metals and pathogens (risks of

food contamination, skin-

related disease, and respiratory

system)

- Workers must be equipped

with appropriate safety

clothing to prevent direct

contact

- Dried sludge will be dumped

at the landfill or specially





Company

146

buried in case it does not meet

quality standards.

8 Health and safety Long-term

and frequent - Training safety and industrial

hygiene

- Health checks for all

employees, provide good

personal hygiene

- At least two workers

working in a shift

- Prepare specific H&S

guidelines for operating

WWTP





Company

147

Table 6.4. Summary of counter measures to minimize environmental risks of the project

No. Circumstance Action Plan Responsibilities

1 Complaints from nearby industrial

facilities and the community about

environmental issues of construction

activities and operation

- Immediately implement remedial measures if

possible

- Discuss with investors, local authorities to thoroughly

resolve conflicts

- Recorded in the log

Contractor

2 Incident or accident construction,

operation First aid and immediate transport to the nearest

hospital if necessary

Workers and residents

- There are warning signs in dangerous locations

- Make records of incidents or accidents

The contractor, WWTP, IZ

infrastructure development

company, IZ Management

Board

3 WWTP stops operation Store untreated sewage, build biological tank if

possible

WWTP, IZ infrastructure

development company, IZ

Management Board

Regular inspect and backup systems/devices data

There are danger signs and report to the authorities

Avoid overloading wastewater from business

Training of operational staff regularly monitor

Check out the design and participate on plan to build

new WWTP by the Industrial Zone

Prepare for an action plan to respond randomly

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4 Improper discharge of sludge Contracts with agencies concerned are properly

discharged mud if found harmful to the environment

and human health

WWTP

Prepare reports and regular inspection of all generated

sludge

Issuing strict penalties for violations IZ Management Board, the


Resources and Environment

5 Fire - Notify authorities (especially the fire station).

- Rescue trapped people in the danger zone.

- Actively isolate the flame with available equipment

Contractors, industrial

establishments / enterprises,

WWTP, IZ Infrastructure

Development Company, IZ

Management Board

Follow according to guidance until authorized unit

arrive (especially in the case of explosions caused by

chemicals ...).




Board

Supporting the functional unit, local government to

establish security belt around dangerous zones.

- Check the condition and safety of fire or explosion in

the area; make sure this problem does not persist.

- Suspend operations if violation of fire safety

conditions is persisted.




Board

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6

Electrical-related accidents - Disconnect the power source from problem area and

the surrounding area

- Immediate rescue people from the danger zone

according to guideline

- Find out the cause of the incident or accident, check

the power source, wires and contacts ...




Board

Making records the incident or accident case

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6.1.2. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport

program

Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport program during

construction phase shown as in Table 5.6.

Table 6.5. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport

program in construction phase

Issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese

code/regulation Execution Supervision

Traffic

management - Cooperation with

local government,

community, and traffic

police to manage the

traffic density;

- If number of vehicle

trips significantly

increase, the

construction plan

should be previously

approved.

Determination of

transportation route,

especially of heavy

vehicles away from

sensitive sites such as

schools, hospitals, and

markets;

- Avoiding

transportation during

peak hours and

arranging

transportation

instructors at the start

and the end of

construction areas to

avoid congestion at

peak hours;

- Install the lighting

system at night time if

this is necessary to

ensure the safe traffic

circulation;

- Law on traffic

and

transportation

No.

23/2008/QH12

- Law on

construction

No.

16/2003/QH11

- Decree No.

22/2010/TT-

BXD on

regulation of

construction

safety

Contractors Investors +

supervision

consultants

151

Issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese

code/regulation Execution Supervision

Health and

safety

working

- Limiting speed at the

construction site;

- Avoiding

transportation in the

peak hours;

- Providing temporary

passage through the

dug trench as needed;

- Installing the lighting

system for night time;

- Equipping workers

with labor protection

instruments;

- Avoiding long

exposure to wastes;

- Training workers on

occupational safety

regulations;

- Preparing and

implementing action

plan to cope with risk

and emergency as well

as prepare emergency

aid service at

construction site;

- Installing fences,

barriers, dangerous

warning site around the

construction area which

showing potential

danger to public p.

- Putting signals or

warning symbols near

the outlets of WWTP

- Decree No.

22/2010/TT-

BXD on

regulation of

construction

safety

- Instruction

No.02

/2008/CT-BXD

on safety and

sanitation issues

in construction

agencies

- TCVN 5308-

91: Standard on

safety in

construction

- Decision No.

96/2008/QD-

TTg on land

clearance

Contractors Investors +

supervision

consultants

6.2. TRAINING PROGRAM

To enhance the capacity to cope with environmental problems that may occur in the

central wastewater treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone, Phase 1, the project

owner will implement the following measures:

- Periodically, the staffs directly working in the central wastewater treatment plant

will be trained and guided on fire and exploitation control methods;

- Organizing the training, assigning response tasks when incidents results in shutting

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down of the WWTP happened. This problem can be further prevented by periodic

inspection of the technical condition of the equipment, promptly repairing and

replacing the damaged machinery, the operators are trained adequately;

- Equipping with tools and protective gear for employees working in accordance with

their works;

- Training workers about labor safety in the WWTP. The company will also cooperate

with the Occupational Safety Division within Department of Labor, War Invalids and

Social Affairs of Dong Nai province to organize training on safety rules and operating

equipment;

In addition to the above measures, the plan to reduce the impact of pollutants on the

health of workers at the central wastewater treatment plant will be fully applied as

follows;

- Have periodic health examination for staffs working in the factory;

- To ensure the microclimate factors and working conditions complying with the

standard issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the worker’s health;

- To control the noise level to meet the standards and regulations to prevent

occupational diseases caused by the manufacturing process;

- To provide training and information on sanitation and safety.

6.3. COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PROGRAM

Total fund for implementation of the environmental monitoring and management plan

is presented in the following table:

Table 6.6. Total fund of annual environmental monitoring and management program

Item Cost (VND/year)

Environmental Management Program 71,000,000

Environmental Monitoring Program

I Construction Stage 51,800,000

01 Wastewater monitoring 4,040,000

02 Solid waste monitoring 5,000,000

03 Air quality monitoring 16,880,000

04 Surface water quality monitoring 7,160,000

05 Groundwater quality monitoring 3,320,000

06 Soil and sediment quality monitoring 10,400,000

07 Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring 5,000,000

II Operation Stage 49,300,000

01 Wastewater monitoring 8,080,000

02 Solid waste monitoring 10,000,000

03 Sludge monitoring 3,760,000

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Item Cost (VND/year)

04 Air quality monitoring 8,440,000

05 Groundwater quality monitoring 1,660,000

06 Surface water quality monitoring 7,160,000

07 Soil and sediment quality monitoring 5,200,000

08 Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring 5,000,000

Total 172.100.000

So the total fund for the environmental management is 71 million VND and the

environmental monitoring is 101.1 million. In particular, fund for the annual

environmental monitoring is 51.8 million during the construction phase and is 49.3

million during the operation phase.

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CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.1. GOALS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.1.1. Appraisal Agency

Based on the consulting from local authorities and the public communities from the

affected areas, this activity will assist the Appraisal Agency to have a more completed

view over the project, and make it easy for project evaluation

7.1.2. The Project Owner

The project owner will receive feedback from local government and the public

communities then provide realistic assessments and effective mitigation proposals. In

the same time, the project owner will hold up responsibilities to carry out mitigation to

reduce long and short-term negative impacts from the projects

Furthermore, the project owner will create understandings between the public and the

WWTP staffs.

7.1.3. Consulting Agency

Consulting agency will receive feedback from local government and the public

communities from affected areas then provide realistic assessments and effective

mitigation proposals.

7.1.4. The People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Union

Public consultation will assist the Commune People Committee and Fatherland Front

Union more understandings on the projects through these points: benefits from

carrying out the Project, the environment impacts, and negative effects mitigation

measures.

This will create more understanding from local government toward the project

7.1.5. The Affected Public Communities

Public consultation will help the public communities understand more on the projects:

the benefits this Project will bring, the environment impacts, and counter measures on

negative impacts.

155

This will create more understanding from the public communities; including their

raise of concerns toward the project

7.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES

During the EIA report, the project owner and consulting agency has consulted the

People Committee, Fatherland Front Union and public communities of An Phuoc

commune. The contents needed for public consultation in the EIA process are

including:

- Consultations on the scale and nature of the project;

- Consultations on the project’s impact on the natural and socio-economic

environment;

- Consultation on measures to minimize the project’s adverse impacts;

- Consultations on other matters (if any).

Project owner have consulted these groups:

- People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of An Phuoc commune (the project

location);

- The public communities, including residents lives nearby and will be affected by the

projects.

The planned activities are:

- Toward the People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of An Phuoc commune,

the project owner has sent official dispatch to these local governmental bodies. The

official dispatch is attached along with this report;

- Towards the residents who living nearby and under effects of the project, the project

owner have directly reviewed and sent a survey questionnaire to take their opinions

and feedbacks about the projects. The survey questionnaire is also attached with this

report

7.3. RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.3.1. Results of Public Consultation

Results of the household’s survey about the central wastewater treatment plant are

presented in the Appendix:

According to the results of consultation of public:

- Supply water: all residents (26/26) were using well drilling waters. The Nuoc Trong

stream water is absolutely not used for domestic, irrigation and livestock purposes;

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- Status of air pollution: according to feelings of the majority of people (24/26), the

air is not polluted. Among those, there are some people (2/26) living downstream

along the Nuoc Trong stream have felt unpleasant odors during rainy season;

- State of water pollution of the Nuoc Trong stream: According to the majority of

people (23/26), the Nuoc Trong steam water is not polluted. Among those, there are

some people (3/26) living downstream along the Nuoc Trong stream, who found the

flooding of the Nuoc Trong stream during the heavy rains;

- For groundwater quality: According to the majority of people (21/26), who

extracted and used the ground water, there was no groundwater pollution problem.

- For health situation: the majority of people (24/26) have no respiratory-related

issues, intestinal or skin diseases. But there are some people (2/26) to have sinus

disease or dengue fever;

- For proposals: the majority of people (16/26) who did not have recommendations

about the state of the environment in which they live. Some people (9/26) living in the

upstream and downstream along the Nuoc Trong stream have proposed to improve the

stream before the rainy season to avoid flooding when heavy rains happened and to

strictly treat the wastewater before discharging into the receiving water body.

Through investigations, public consultation of people living in the downstream and

upstream along the Nuoc Trong stream, there were a lot of different opinions on their

actual sense about the current status of air, water, groundwater and health. However,

at the present, the WWTP of An Phuoc IZ has not come into operation; therefore, the

wastewater is not discharged into Nuoc Trong stream. The project owner of the central

waste water treatment plant of An Phuoc Industrial Zone has some explanations are as

follows:

- Regarding the current status of flooding in the rainy season: according to the public

consultation of people living along the Nuoc Trong stream, the local flooding

happened in the downstream during the raining season. The local flooding may occur

because of the too heavy rain or stream impeded by garbage, which makes the Nuoc

Trong stream to be flooded. In this regard, An Phuoc Industrial Zone Management

Board will select the appropriate time for wastewater discharge especially during the

rainy season, which will limit the impact of the WWTP on local flooding in the

downstream of the Nuoc Trong stream;

- Regarding the unpleasant odor in the air: The odor is caused by the local flooding

or by pollution of the Nuoc Trong steam from untreated wastewater. The An Phuoc

Industrial Zone Management Board will select the appropriate time for wastewater

discharge and effective treatment of waste water to avoid the flooding and odor

pollution.

- Regarding the high turbidity of water in the rainy season: this phenomenon can occur

due to local flooding stream or pollution of the Nuoc Trong stream due to receiving

the untreated waste water or rain water. The An Phuoc Industrial Zone Management

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Board will select the appropriate time for wastewater discharge and effective

wastewater treatment before discharging into the Nuoc Trong stream.

7.3.2. Opinions of Local Government

7.3.2.1. Opinions of An Phuoc Commune People’s Committee

After reviewing the notice of the project’s main investment categories, environmental

issues, the environmental protection measures, An Phuoc Commune People’s

Committee has the following comments:

(1). Comments on the project's adverse impacts to the natural environment and socio-

economic conditions:

The People Committee of An Phuoc Commune approve the impact assessment of

pollution concentrations and waste loads discharged by the WWTP to natural

conditions and environment.

(2). Opinions about the plan to minimize the project’s impacts on natural environment

and the socio-economic development:

The People Committee of An Phuoc Commune recommend the project owner to

effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the potential impacts such as solid

waste, wastewater, air emission, security and social order during the construction and

operation of the project as committed as in the EIA report.

(3). Recommendations for project owners:

The People Committee of An Phuoc Commune recommended the project owner to

implement as the commitments in the EIA report. During the construction phase, if

any risk arising, the responding measures should be quickly applied.

The project owner should have good relationships with local authorities to manage the

related issues to provide new jobs for the local people living in the project area.

7.3.2.2. Opinions of An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union

After reviewing the notice of the project’s main investment categories, environmental

issues, the environmental protection measures, An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front

Union has the following comments:

(1).Comments on the project's adverse impacts to the natural, environment and socio-

economic conditions:

158

An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union agrees with the impact assessment of

pollution concentrations and waste loads discharged by the WWTP to natural

conditions and environment.

(2).Opinions about the plan to minimize the project’s impacts on natural environment

and the socio-economic development:

An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union recommend the project owner to

effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the adverse impacts such as waste

water, air emission, security and social order during the construction and operation of

the project as committed in the EIA report.

(3).Recommendations for project owners:

An Phuoc Commune Fatherland Front Union recommend the project owner to

effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the potential impacts such as solid

waste, wastewater, air emission, security and social order during the construction and

operation of the project as committed as in the EIA report.

The project owner should have good relationships with local authorities to manage the

related issues to provide new jobs for the local people living in the project area.

7.4. PUBLIC INFORMATION DISCLOSER

During the construction and operation of the central wastewater treatment plant of An

Phuoc IP, Phase 1, the project owner will prepare, and publicize the environmental

management plan at the office of the People's Committee of An Phuoc Commune for

public monitoring of the project. Environmental management plan shall cover the

following contents:

- The organization and operation of the department responsible for environmental

protection ;

- Plan of education and raising awareness of environmental protection;

- Responsibilities of the project owner in implementing the plan to minimize negative

impacts and prevent and respond to environmental incidents during construction and

operation of the wastewater treatment plant;

- Plan for the operation of environmental protection facilities;

- Plan of waste monitoring; ambient monitoring and other environmental monitoring

during the construction and operation phases of the central wastewater treatment plant.

7.5. COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT OWNER

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7.5.1. Undertaking Measures for Adverse Impacts Mitigation

Tin Nghia Corporation- the project owner of construction of the central wastewater

treatment plant with capacity of 2,000 m3/day commits to implement the measures to

control and minimize the adverse impacts on the environment and the socio-economic

development during construction and operation phases as specified in the EIA report.

Project owner will adopt the measures to prevent incidents and reduce pollution as

outlined in the EIA report, while to enhance the staff training to improve the

environmental management capacity of the project, to ensure that no environmental

pollution problems arising .

During the project operation, Tin Nghia Corporation will establish a management

board, which is responsible for the activities such as management of project activities,

ensuring environmental sanitation and repairing infrastructure systems, ensuring

regional security etc.

The project owner will coordinate with agencies specializing in the design and

construction of pollution control systems to achieve the level of pollution in

accordance with environmental regulations and response against environmental

incidents.

During the project construction as well as operation phases, if the incident arise and

cause the damage to residential areas surrounding the project, the project owner will

commit to compensate the damage caused by the project.

The project owner commits to obey the legal regulations on the management of waste

and hazardous waste before the project went into operation.

The project owner commits to complete the environmental pollution treatment

facilities and the environment pollution control systems before the project went into

operation.

The project owner commits to seriously operate the central wastewater treatment plant,

regularly monitor and report to the functional agencies.

7.5.2. Commitment for Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures

and Provisions

(1).Commitment to meet Vietnam environmental standards/regulations during

construction and operation phases:

The project owner commit to ensure the Vietnam environmental standards/regulations

compliance during the project’s construction and operation, including:

(i). Noise, vibration:

160

To ensure noise generated from the project’s construction and operation will achieve

the following criteria:

- Maximum permissible limit of noise in the labor areas (TCVS 3733/2002/QD-BYT:

occupational health standards, regulations on noise level and maximum concentration

of pollutants in the labor areas);

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limit of noise intensity in public and

residential areas;

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limit of vibration intensity in public

and residential areas.

(ii). Wastewater:

Treated wastewater to reach Vietnam regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT–National

regulation about industrial discharge, Column A, Kf=1.0, Kq=1.1 before discharging

into the Nuoc Trong stream.

(iii).Domestic solid waste and hazardous waste:

- Collecting and transporting the solid wastes to the disposal area in compliance with

requirements on environment sanitation;

- Solid waste: All solid waste volume (domestic and production solid wastes ) will be

collected, sorted and contracted with Dong Nai Urban Environment Service Company

Limited or authorised companies for collecting, transporting and processing in

accordance with safety requirements;

- Hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes will be collected and transported to the

disposing site in accordance with safety requirements to commit compliance with

Decree 59/2007/ND-CP on the management of solid waste; Circular 12/2011/TT-

BTNMT dated 14 April 2011 on hazardous waste management;

- Sludge from the central wastewater treatment plant will be tested in the analysis

laboratories then be disposed according to the regulations.

(2).Commitment to implement all environmental protection measures and general

provisions:

Project owner commit to meet the requirements on environmental protection as

follows:

- To implement fully and accurately the contents of the approved environmental

impact assessment report;

- To meet the requirements of the environmental landscape, to protect public and

worker’s health;

- There is a professional division qualified to perform the task of environmental

161

protection;

- To undertake the environmental protection measures and to complete those during

the preparation and construction phases before the project operation starts;

- To commit the compensation and remediation of environmental pollution in case of

environmental risks occurred when implementing the project;

- To commit the environmental restoration in accordance with the law on

environmental protection after the project operation ended.

Project owner commit to take full legal responsibility before Vietnam law for

violations of the International Convention, Vietnam Standards and Regulations if

incident happened to cause environmental pollution.