Environmental Impact Assessment Rev4

8/2/2019 Environmental Impact Assessment Rev4

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EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used to

identify the environmental and social impacts of aproject prior to decision-making. It aims to predict

environmental impacts at an early stage in projectplanning and design, find ways and means to reduceadverse impacts, shape projects to suit the localenvironment and present the predictions and optionsto decision-makers.

By using EIA both environmental and economicbenefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost andtime of project implementation and design, avoidedtreatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and

regulations.


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Environmental ImpactAssessment Activities involved

Baseline data collection primary and secondary

Understanding Project characteristics

Superimposing project characteristics on the baseline

Prediction of impacts

Environmental Management Plans

Presenting the report to decision makers


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Environmental ImpactAssessment Environmental components

Land

Air

Noise

Water Ecology

Socioeconomic


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Environmental Impact

Assessment Land Environment

Location setting (Regional)

Location setting (Local)

Land Use Pattern

Soil characteristics


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Assessment

THE MALANJKHAND MINE inBalaghat district of

Madhya Pradesh, in an area that wasonce forested land on which Adivasis depended.


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AssessmentAir Environment

Reconnaissance Survey

Air Quality

Topography and meteorology

Wind

Temperature and Humidity Rainfall


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Assessment Air Environment

Windrose at site:

Max/Min/Mean annual temperature:

Frequency of inversion:

Frequency ofcyclones/tornadoes/cloud burst:

Ambient air quality data:


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Assessment
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/wind/images/wr2.GIF


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Assessment


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Assessment


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Assessment


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Assessment Noise

Sources of Noise and Vibrations

Ambient noise level

Traffic


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Assessment Water Environment

Surface water

Ground water Surface drainage

Sewerage and waste water disposal

Water quality Surface water

Ground water


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Assessment Ecology


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Assessment Socio economic environment

Demographic structure

Infrastructure resource base

Health status

Economy

Endemic health problems in the area due towaste water/air/soil borne diseases

Health care system existing


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Assessment Identification and assessment of impacts

Air Environment

Construction phase Operation phase

Air quality modelling

Modelling results

Noise Environment Modelling

Assessment of impact


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Assessment Identification and assessment of

impacts

Water Environment

Land Environment

Biological Environment

Socio-economic Environment Infrastructure


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Environmental ImpactAssessment

Environmental impact statement

Air Environment

Noise Environment

Water Environment

Land and Biological Environment

Socio-economic Environment

Impact Matrix


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Assessment

Ports and Harbours

Airports

Rapid Transit

Highways

Oil/Gas pipelines

Significant Impact

Moderate to Significant Impact

Insignificant Impact

Development Projects

Environmental Parameters

SurfaceWaterQuality

A

irQuality

Seismology

Erosion

LandQuality

Fisheries

Forests

TerrestrialWildlife

N

oise

LandUse

A

esthetics

In

dustries

Resettlement

A

rcheological

H

istoricalsignificance

PublicHealth

Socio-economic


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Environmental management plan Formulation of EMP is an important outcome of EIA

process

Has cost implications, monitoring and auditrequirements during project life cycle

Typically consists of specific measures (WWTP, APC,Noise barriers, green belt) with details sufficient to

enable realistic cost and time estimates EMPs need not mean management of issues alone

and could include opportunities for enhancement


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Asking pertinent questions to issues Can the activity related to an issue be

eliminated? Or modified? Can be relocated w.r.t. sensitive

environmental receptor?

Can protection or buffers be provided around

sensitive receptors? Combinations of the above effective?

Residual issues? Who will remain affected?


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Negative impacts may also be linked tomitigation measures, eg. Hazardous

waste disposal Systemic view needed. Mitigation

measures also need to be screened for

impacts


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Environmental management plan Construction phase

Operation phaseAir Environment

Noise Environment

Water Environment

Land Environment Solid Waste

Socio-Economic Environment


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EIA Process in India

Issues with quality of EIA reports Improper / Inadequate scoping of EIA

Consultants not having adequate understanding fordeveloping EIA

Cut and paste jobs

No checks on competence of EIA consultants

No liability for EIA consultants

NABET (National Accreditation Board for Educationand Training) Criteria for Registration of EIAConsultant Organizations

Documents

Environmental Impact Assessment Rev4