Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
R&D in Environmental Impact Assessment for
Sustainable Development
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Saber
National Research Center Egypt
Outlines of Presentation
Role of R & D in Achieving Sustainable
Development
Sustainable Development Concepts'
EIA as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable
Development (Egyptian Perspectives)
Some Egyptian Successful Stories
2
3
Role of R & D in Achieving
Sustainable Development
R&D definition
R & D are a practice predominantly involved in generating
and transferring modern technology to end-users
R & D are a fashionable realm of scientists, but rather a
dual process requiring broad range of actors, users or
stakeholders
More importantly, R & D redefine the responsibility of local
people from being just recipients and beneficiaries to
actors who prompt and provide strategic inputs
R & D explore and clarifies null hypothesis, designs,
experimentation and efficiency of performance
R & D improve synthesizing and theorizing of all the
concepts of sustainable development
Now we witness a growing worldwide interest in the use of
R & D in achieving sustainable development
4
Main roles of R & D in achieving
sustainable development
R & D sustain generating, sharing, exchanging, utilizing
knowledge and appropriate technology
R & D give rise to a wide range of knowledge inventions
ranging from technological to socio-institutional
R & D shape synergy between local competences,
resources and innovations
R & D collect diverse sources of knowledge from local to
global science
R & D necessitate an all-inclusive perspective of both the
biophysical and social spheres
5
Relation between R & D and Sustainable
development
R & D as pool of concepts, practices, norms and attitudes
inspire population to improve their knowledge for
sustainable development
R & D pursue broader and profound participation of user
groups in the process of exploring and improvements in
local situations as well as recognizing needs and
opportunities
R &D are vital in numerous socio-cultural, political,
economic dimensions such as community structures,
gender, collective action, property rights, power relations,
policy and governance
6
Role of R & D in achieving Sustainable
development
Respond to problems, needs and opportunities identified
by the users
Identify and evaluate technology options that are on
inherited local knowledge and available resources
Ensure that technical innovations are appropriate from
local socio-economic, cultural and political contexts
Promote wider sharing and use of innovations
7
Role of R & D in achieving Sustainable
development
R & D phases and activities
Assessment and diagnosis
Experimenting technology options
Studying sustaining local innovations
Dissemination and scaling up of innovations
Managing R & D for sustainable development includes
project development, resource mobilization, data
management, monitoring and evaluation, capacity
development
8
Conclusions
R & D programs reinforcement sustainable development of
projects
R & D support finding better ways to preserve materials
particularly those of critical importance to the nation’s cultural
hiritage
R & D find solutions to complex problems often requires
forming interdisciplinary teams, bringing together participants
with expertise
R & D defend sustainable development by supporting social
equating, environmental conservation and setting feasible
economy
9
Sustainable Development
10
Environmental conservation or economic
development
Following the publication of Carson's Silent Spring in 1962, attention
was drew towards the relationship between economic growth and
environmental degradation
Arguments started at UN Stockholm conference 1972 without reaching
any accepted definition
Hot arguments' continued for several years in many following
international and regional meeting about the concept of sustainability
In 1987 Barbier stated that the goals of environmental conservation and
economic development are not conflicting and could be reinforcing each
other.
At Rio summit 1992 sustainability was for the first time defined as the
development that meets the needs and aspirations of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. It envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which
living conditions and resource-use continue to meet human needs
without undermining the "integrity, stability and beauty" of environment
11
1- Appropriate technology assist and sustain people to meet
their developmental needs
2- There are six core indicators for appropriate technology
represented by international trade and investment, economic
policy, climate change and energy, measurement and
assessment, natural resource management, and
communication technologies in sustainable development.
3- Integral elements for a sustainable development are R & D
and innovation. A telling example for that is the European
environmental research and innovation policy, which aims at
defining and implementing a transformative agenda to
greening the economy and the society as a whole so to
achieve a truly sustainability
Core concepts in sustainable
development
12
13
EIA as a Tool for Achieving
Sustainable Development
(Egyptian Perspectives)
14
EIA Definition
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) refers to the
evaluation of the environmental impacts likely to raise
from any project significantly affecting environmental
quality
15
Basic principles
EIA establishes a systematic method for incorporating environmental and sustainable considerations into decision-making
EIA provides the necessary elements to make an informed decision
EIA can
Modify and improve the project design
Ensure efficient resource use to achieve sustainable
development
Enhance social equity
Identify the measures for monitoring and managing
environmental impacts
Provide project sustainability
16
Why an EIA?
Environment impact assessment seeks to:
Ensuring that the developmental options under consideration are environmentally, socially and economically sound and sustainable
Ensuring that any possibly adverse environmental consequences are recognized early in the project cycle and are taken into account in the project design
Identify ways to improve projects environmentally and minimize or compensate adverse impacts
17
Projects classification
In the Egyptian legislations are classified to:
White projects include establishments and project with minor adverse environmental impacts
Grey projects includes establishments to be screened for major adverse environmental impacts. The establishment is categorized by activities, quantity of production and project size. The applicant must carry out a more elaborate environmental screening (Format A)
Black projects includes establishments or projects which due to their potential and sustainable environmental impacts require a full EIA study. The establishments are screened by activities, quantity of production and project size (Format B)
18
FORMS
Environmental Screening Form (A) (General Information)
1- Project title
2- Type of Project ( Residential, Commercial, Tourist, Industrial, Others)
3- Project Developer/applicant
Name of Owner & contact person
Address Fax No. Phone No.
4- Estimated capital investment /L.E.
5- Competent Licensing authority
6- New Project or extension of existing project
7- Project phases and expected starting date
(Construction) - (Operation) (Future expansion)
8- Brief project description : Production capacity- Raw materials- Sources of Energy)
9- Project Site location
Address
Total Project area/m2
1O- Any additional information
Certification
I hereby certify that the information given in accurate and true to the best of my knowledge , and in case of any consequent change, prompt notification will be made to the EEAA.
Certified by
I.D NO. / PASPORT No.
Reference
Date
19
Environmental Screening FORM B
A- General Information
1- Project title:
2- Type of project: (infrastructure, petroleum and mining, tourism, industrial, etc
3- Name of the owner (individual, company, etc)
Name of the person in charge (the responsible person):
Address: Telephone No: Fax No:
Project budget
Competent Administrative Authority
New or Extension
Project phase and expected starting date: Construction – operation - - Future extension
4-Brief project description
Project basic feature
Objectives
Need of justification
Basic components
Technology system
5- Alternatives (Site – Technology- Design)
Similar previous similar studies
6- Location of the project
Address of the project:
Total area (please attach a map that clearly shows the location of the project in relation to residential areas and neighboring
activities. The map should have a suitable and clear scale and should be approved by the competent administrative authority).
7- A brief description of the construction phases and basic construction methods)
(Inputs during construction and operation)
In case of industrial projects, raw materials & for other projects, state kind of resources)
20
Inputs of water, energy, and manpower, see table 1
Inputs during construction and operation phases
End products (Industrial project): or other outputs (all projects), see table 2.
8- Other information deemed important particularly with regard to safeguarding personnel and
environment e.g. safety and fire fighting facilities
B: Brief description of the environment (baseline information)
General area description and most important features
(Present infrastructure and services) water- electricity- sewage – solid wastes – hospitals
Fragile or sensitive ecosystems (critical or high valued ecosystems) that are present
Description of archeological & historical areas)
Description of protected areas
Description of recreational & tourist areas
Preliminary analysis of impacts
1- Air Quality (potential effects on air quality : (Construction phase - Operation phase – Site - Neighboring area - Transboundary
2- Clarify whether projects or sites that are considered sensitive exist nearby the project sites (associates, schools, residential areas…etc
3- Water Quality
Will the activity cause a significant change on the water availability, use, hydrology, drainage, temperature or quality?
Are there existing hazard probabilities- explain the type, quantity and impact
Will the activity affect surface water use?: Fisheries .- Tourism & secretion - Other activities
4- Soil Quality
Would the activity provoke a significant change on land use, landscape, fertility, vegetation cover, biodiversity or quality?
Please identify the impact of changes of soil quality on different activities
5- Please explain if there are any other potential or significant impacts resulting from this activity
Mitigating measures : Air emissions - Waste Water - Solid and hazardous waste - Other mitigating measures
Inter-institutional and public involvement
Is there any contact with public authorities or others concerning the project
Certification
I hereby certify that the information given is accurate and true to the best of my knowledge, and in case of any consequent
change, prompt notification will be made to EEAA.
Certified by
ID No. /Passport No
Reference
Date
21
Socio-culture environment (present and
projected aspects)
Nearby communities, year-round and seasonal land use,
planned development activities, community structure,
population, employment and labor market, income
distribution, goods and services, recreation, public health
Cultural habitats, archeologically and historically
significant sites
Indigenous people and traditional tribal lands
22
Framework of EIA
Identification of how significant are the impacts
Generation of information and data base
Evaluation of impacts
Identification and evaluation of mitigation measures
and alternatives
Developing of a monitoring plan
Preparation of an EIA report
23
Biological Environment
Biodiversity particularly rare or endangered
species within or in the areas adjacent to the
establishment
Sensitive habitats
Species of commercial importance affected by
the establishment.
Invasive species
24
Potential impacts
An identification of the impacts which are unavoidable or irreversible is imminent
Wherever possible, quantitative description of the adverse impacts in terms of environmental costs and benefits are useful
Impact analysis of industrial projects should be divided between construction and operation impacts
25
Determination of Adverse impacts
Identifying all significant changes which the project will incur
These changes would include, but not limited to, changes on employment opportunities, wastewater effluents, air emission, solid waste, land use, infrastructure, exposure to diseases, risk of industrial hazards, noise, traffic and socio-cultural behavior
Assessment of the impacts from changes brought up by the project on the baseline environmental conditions
Analysis distinguishing between positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect impacts, intended and non-intended impacts as well as immediate and long term impacts should also be done.
26
Mitigation of adverse impacts
For a proposed project, a recommendation of feasible cost-effective measures to prevent or reduce significant adverse impacts to acceptable levels are required
An inclusion of measures for emergency response to accidental events, should be set as appropriate
Estimating the impacts and costs of these measures and of the training requirements as well
Consideration of compensation to affected parties for impacts which could not be mitigated
27
Objectives and Benefits of EIA
EIA is a safeguard tool for developers indicating that Protection is better than treatment
EIA financial loads of curing environmental impacts are always very high, e.g., treatment costs are usually higher than tacking precaution, especially at the project's early stages
EIA could be visualized as a dose of vaccine given to an infant to protect him/her from invasion of dangerous virus that could cause vital physical and financial defects at the coming stages of his life. As with vaccine, the ramification of neglected or skipping an EIA are serious
EIA strategies offer the potential to cut emissions and pollution thus reducing the firm's future compliance and liability costs
28
Development of a monitoring plan
A detailed plan to monitor the implementation of mitigating the adverse impacts of the project during construction and operation should be prepared including luding the following aspects:
1- Hydrology, ground water, drainage and effluents
2- System performance
3- Public health
4- Flora and fauna
Together with estimates of capital and operating costs
29
EIA report
Information contained in the report should be arranged and resented to the responsible licensing authorities in the following format:
Executive summary
Policy, legal and administrative framework
Description of the proposed project
Description of the environment
Significant environmental impacts
Analysis of alternatives
Mitigating management plan
Monitoring plan
Interagency and public/NGO's involvement
Non- technical summary of the report for political and public use
List of references
Appendices:
- List of environmental assessment prepared
- Records of interagency and public/NGO's communications
- Data on unpublished document references
30
Egyptian Successful Stories
31
32
This work was produced through UNDP, GEF, PIMS no. 4864.
Scientific Committee
1- Professor Hamdallah Zedan
Head of the National Biodiversity committee and the former assistant secretary
general of the United Nation - CBD secretary general.
2- Professor Mostafa Fouda
Minster of environment advisor for nature conservation
3-Professor Mohamed Saber
National research center- biodiversity expert & NBSAP consultant
4-Engineer Wahed Salama
Former manager of Nature Conservation Sector, EEAA
5-Dr Khaled Allam Harhash
Manager of genetic resources department, EEAA
6-Dr Tarek A Temraz
NBSAP, project manager
33
34
SAVE YOUR MONEY BY following R & D and EIA
35
36