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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (MSM3208) LECTURE NOTESUNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TERENGGANU 2010Disclaimer: I don't own this file. If you believe you do, and you don't want it to be published here, please let me know. I will remove it immediately
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EIA Procedures forSmall-Scale Activities
Overview
Purpose: see how the principles of the EIA process are applied in practice
Focus: simplified EIA process for small-scale activities
Our example: USAID procedures for small-scale “umbrella” or subgrant projects
Procedures of other organizations are very similar
What are “umbrella” projects?
PVOs or NGOs receive money from USAID and give sub-grants to other organizations Subgrant activities often not defined when the PVO
proposes the project
USAID grants conditional approval
Condition is that each subgrant is subject to simplified environmental review and documentation
Where do EIA processes start?
Screening: the first step
Screening
Based on the nature of the activity/ project, what level of environmental scrutiny is indicated?
Preliminary Assessment
A rapid, simplified EIA study using simple tools
Scoping
Determines issues and impacts addressed by the full EIA study
Decision:Conduct full EIA?
May or may not require a full EIA, but further scrutinyIs indicated
YES(significant
adverse impacts are
possible)
NO(project is very unlikely to have any significant
adverse impacts)
By its nature, project is very unlikely to have any significant adverse impacts
Activity demands a full EIA automotically
EIA Process ends
Phase IIPhase I
Understand the proposed
activity
Screening under USAID subgrantprocedures
Activity
Activity is very high risk
Activity is very low-risk
Activity is of unknown or moderate risk
Do Environmental Review Report
BUT NOTE: If design is not changed,Activity may be unfundable& will likely require full EA
No further review is necessary
Do EnvironmentalReview Report*
Screening result Implication
*Environmental Review Report = a “preliminary assessment”
How do we do screening?
The ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW FORM guides the process
The form asks you to: LIST each activity being proposed CHECK EACH activity against a list of “very low risk”
activities CHECK EACH activity against a list of “very high risk”
activities RECORD the screening result for each activity
3 possible results: very low risk, very high risk, moderate or unknown risk
Some examples of “very low risk” activities
Education, technical assistance, or training. (except for activities directly affecting the environment).
Community awareness initiatives.
Technical studies not involving intrusive sampling of endangered species or critical habitats.
Some examples of “very high risk” activities
River basin or new lands development Planned resettlement of human populations Penetration road building Major bore hole or water point construction Large-scale irrigation Water management structures such as dams and
impoundments Drainage of wetlands or other permanently
flooded areas
Some examples of “moderate risk” activities
Small-scale infrastructure with the known potential to cause environmental harm (e.g., roads, bore holes).
Quantity imports of commodities such as fertilizers.
Field agricultural experimentation exclusively for research and evaluation of MORE than 4 ha.
BREAK!!!!!!
Workgroup exercise:
practice with screening
After screening, what next?
Screening
Based on the nature of the activity/ project, what level of environmental scrutiny is indicated?
Preliminary Assessment
A rapid, simplified EIA study using simple tools
Scoping
Determines issues and impacts addressed by the full EIA study
Decision:Conduct full EIA?
May or may not require a full EIA, but further scrutinyIs indicated
YES(significant
adverse impacts are
possible)
NO(project is very unlikely to have any significant
adverse impacts)
By its nature, project is very unlikely to have any significant adverse impacts
Activity demands a full EIA automotically
EIA Process ends
Phase IIPhase I
Understand the proposed
activity
After screening, what next?
If ALL activities are “very low risk,” environmental review process ends. Sign certification and submit documentation!
If ANY activities are: “moderate or unknown risk” OR “very high risk”
an Environmental Review Report (ERR) must be completed. = a “preliminary assessment”
What does an Environmental Review Report (ERR) look like?
1. Background, Rationale and Outputs/Results Expected
2. Activity Description
3. Environmental Situation
4. Evaluation of Activities with Respect to Environmental Impact Potential
5. Environmental Mitigation Actions (including environmental monitoring and evaluation)
6. Other information (photos, references, individuals consulted)3 to 5 pages!
After the ERR, what next?
Screening
Based on the nature of the activity/ project, what level of environmental scrutiny is indicated?
Preliminary Assessment
A rapid, simplified EIA study using simple tools
Scoping
Determines issues and impacts addressed by the full EIA study
Decision:Conduct full EIA?
May or may not require a full EIA, but further scrutinyIs indicated
YES(significant
adverse impacts are
possible)
NO(project is very unlikely to have any significant
adverse impacts)
By its nature, project is very unlikely to have any significant adverse impacts
Activity demands a full EIA automotically
EIA Process ends
Phase IIPhase I
Understand the proposed
activity
After the ERR, what next?
The purpose of the ERR is to:
Allow you to make a recommendation regarding the likely environmental impacts of low-risk and high-risk activities
Allow a reviewer to evaluate this recommendation
After the ERR, what next?
Therefore, for EACH: Moderate/unknown risk activity Very high risk activity
you must make one of 3 recommended determinations: No significant adverse impacts With specified mitigation and monitoring, no significant
adverse impacts Significant adverse impacts
Meaning of the recommendations
Final steps
Record the recommendations in the activity list
Sign the certification
SUBMIT the Environmental Review Form
WAIT for Response from Reviewing Authority
Overview of the process
Proposedactivity
applySCREENING
criteria
• Very low risk
• High risk• Moderate/unknown risk
Do ENVIRONMENTALREVIEW REPORT
Obtain screening results:
Reach RECOMMENDED DETERMINATION
• No significant adverse impact• With adequate mitigation and
monitoring, no significant adverseimpact
• Significant adverse impact Will require a full EA ifallowed to proceed at all
No further review needed; Sign and submit.
Sign and submit.
Responses of the reviewing authority
Reviewing authority may: Accept Reject Require more analysis
If a recommendation of “significant adverse impacts” is accepted, The reviewing authority may cancel the activity The reviewing authority may insist on a full EA. The proposer
would then enter into detailed discussions with the reviewing authority.
the screening results and recommended determinations