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Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 1
EIA REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
FOR
PROPOSED
NEW ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS, INTERMEDIATES FOR
PHARMA/NON- PHARMA & AGROCHEMICALS MANUFACTURING UNIT
By
SYNGENE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
AT
MANGALORE SEZ LIMITED,
VILLAGE: KALAVAR
TALUK: MANGALORE
DIST: DAKSHINA KANNADA
STATE: KARNATAKA
[Project termed under schedule 5(f): Category B Synthetic organic chemicals as
per EIA Notification 2006 and its Amendments]
Report Prepared by
HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS (P) LTD
CHENNAI
MARCH 2016
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 2
EIA REPORT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The following people are gratefully acknowledged for their fullest support in rendering
needful information regarding the project and kind cooperation in fulfilling the report
SYNGENE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Mr. M.B Chinappa-President Finance
Mr. Vishwajeet Nandkeolyar-Assistant General Manager (Safety)
Mr. Rutvij Panchal-Associate Director (Projects)
Mr. Daniel Boppuri-General Manager (Manufacturing)
Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd, Chennai
Dr. J.R.Moses – FAE
Dr. Rajkumar Samuel–FAE
Mr. Abishek Moses – Team Member
Mr. A.Manoharan– FAE
Mr. V.Dhivakar– FAE
Ms. Ramaa Prakash – FAE
Mr. Chengalvarayan– Team Member
Ms. A. Ragatharani – Team Member
Ms. Priyanka.R – Team Member
Ms. Aditya Vani – Team Member
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 3
EIA REPORT
Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIA
I hereby certify that I was involved in the EIA report for the project titled New Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates for Pharma /Non-Pharma
&Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit along with the Functional Area Experts listed below
during September 2015 to till date.
EIA Coordinator:
Name:
Signature & Date:
Period of involvement:
Contact information:
Functional Area Experts:
S. No. Function
al Areas Name of the Expert
Duration of
Involvement Signature
1. AP J R MOSES November 2015-
January 2016
2. WP RAMAA PRAKASH November 2015-
January 2016
3. SHW J R MOSES, RAMAA
PRAKASH
February 2016
4. SE V DHIVAKAR November 2015-
January 2016
5. EB,WP RAJKUMAR SAMUEL January 2016
6. AQ J R MOSES February-March 2016
7. RH J R MOSES February-March 2016
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 4
EIA REPORT
*See below the expansion of Functional Areas
Functional Area Code Abbreviation of the Functional Areas
LU Land Use
AP Air Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control
AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction
WP Water Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control
EB Ecology and Biodiversity
NV Noise and Vibration
SE Socio-Economics
HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
GEO Geology
SC Soil Conservation
RH Risk Assessment and Hazards Management
SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, Dr.J.R.MOSES hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA for
proposed New Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates for Pharma /Non-
Pharma & Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit at Kalavar village, Mangalore Taluk,
Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka by Syngene International Limited. I also
confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this
statement.
Signature:
Name: Dr. J.R Moses
Designation: CEO
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai
NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: 77, 11th August 2014
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 5
EIA REPORT
Table of Contents COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................ 12
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 25
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 25
PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 26
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 35
1.1 About the Project Proponent ...................................................................................................... 35
1.2 Purpose of the report .................................................................................................................. 35
1.3 Brief Description of the Project .................................................................................................. 36
1.4 Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out ................................................ 36
1.5 Methodology adopted for the Study .......................................................................................... 41
1.6 Objectives of this EIA Report ...................................................................................................... 41
1.7 Structure of EIA Report ............................................................................................................... 41
1.8 EIA Process .................................................................................................................................. 42
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................... 43
2.1 Type of Project ............................................................................................................................. 43
2.2 Need for the project .................................................................................................................... 43
2.3 Location of the Project Site ......................................................................................................... 44
2.4 Size or Magnitude of operation .................................................................................................. 49
2.5 Details of Alternative sites considered ...................................................................................... 51
2.6 Project Cost .................................................................................................................................. 51
2.7 Process Description ..................................................................................................................... 52
2.8 Resource Requirements .............................................................................................................. 52
2.8.1 Raw materials ...................................................................................................................... 52
2.8.2 Land Requirement ............................................................................................................... 52
2.8.3 Water Requirement ............................................................................................................. 53
2.8.4 Power Requirement ............................................................................................................ 54
2.8.5 Manpower Requirement ..................................................................................................... 54
2.8.6 Infrastructure facilities during construction & operation Phase .................................... 54
2.9 Pollution Control Measures Proposed ....................................................................................... 54
2.9.1 Air Pollution & Fugitive Emission Control ........................................................................ 54
2.9.2 Odour Control ...................................................................................................................... 55
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 6
EIA REPORT
2.9.3 Noise Pollution..................................................................................................................... 55
2.9.4 Waste Water treatment and Disposal Details ................................................................... 56
2.9.5 Hazardous and Solid waste Management .......................................................................... 56
3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 59
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 59
3.1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 59
3.2 Scope of Baseline Study .............................................................................................................. 59
3.3 Micrometeorology ....................................................................................................................... 63
3.3.1 Wind direction and wind direction .................................................................................... 64
3.3.2 Temperature ........................................................................................................................ 65
3.3.3 Relative Humidity ................................................................................................................ 66
3.3.4 Rainfall ................................................................................................................................. 66
3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ................................................................................................. 66
3.4.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................... 67
3.4.2 Baseline Status ..................................................................................................................... 71
3.4.3 Results and Observations ................................................................................................... 72
3.5 Noise Environment ...................................................................................................................... 74
3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey ....................................................................................................... 74
3.5.2 Inference .............................................................................................................................. 79
3.6 Water Environment ..................................................................................................................... 79
3.6.1 Surface Water Resources .................................................................................................... 79
3.6.2 Ground water resources ..................................................................................................... 80
3.6.3 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................... 80
3.6.4 Inference-Ground Water ..................................................................................................... 91
3.6.5 Inference-Surface Water ..................................................................................................... 97
3.7 Ground water Scenario ............................................................................................................... 98
3.7.1 Hydrogeology ....................................................................................................................... 98
3.7.2 Groundwater quality ......................................................................................................... 100
3.7.3 Groundwater related issues and problems ..................................................................... 100
3.7.4 Flooding and coastal erosion ............................................................................................ 100
3.7.5 Salinity ingress of coastal aquifers ................................................................................... 101
3.7.6 Water logging ..................................................................................................................... 101
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 7
EIA REPORT
3.8 Surface water ............................................................................................................................. 101
3.8.1 Spring ................................................................................................................................. 101
3.9 Geomorphology and Soil Types ................................................................................................ 101
3.9.1 Soil Type ............................................................................................................................. 102
3.10 Soil Environment ....................................................................................................................... 102
3.10.1 Observations ...................................................................................................................... 106
3.11 Land use and Land Classification ............................................................................................. 107
3.12 Ecological Environment ............................................................................................................ 110
3.12.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................. 111
3.12.2 Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 112
3.12.3 Pilikula Nisarga Dhama ..................................................................................................... 113
3.12.4 Mangroves .......................................................................................................................... 116
3.12.5 Plantations ......................................................................................................................... 117
3.12.6 Fauna .................................................................................................................................. 117
3.13 Socio-Economic Environment .................................................................................................. 121
3.13.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................. 122
3.13.2 Baseline Status ................................................................................................................... 123
3.13.3 Socio-economic Survey ..................................................................................................... 127
4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................... 130
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 130
4.2 Construction Phase ................................................................................................................... 130
4.3 Land Environment ..................................................................................................................... 131
4.3.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 131
4.3.2 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 131
4.4 Air Environment ........................................................................................................................ 132
4.4.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 132
4.4.2 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 132
4.5 Water Environment ................................................................................................................... 133
4.5.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 133
4.5.2 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 133
4.6 Noise Environment .................................................................................................................... 133
4.6.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 133
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 8
EIA REPORT
4.6.2 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 134
4.7 Waste Generation ...................................................................................................................... 134
4.7.1 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 134
4.8 Ecology ....................................................................................................................................... 135
4.9 Social Environment ................................................................................................................... 135
4.10 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 135
4.10.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................................ 135
4.10.2 Water Environment ........................................................................................................... 141
4.10.3 Noise Environment ............................................................................................................ 141
4.11 Land Environment ..................................................................................................................... 142
4.11.1 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 142
4.12 Socio-Economic Environment .................................................................................................. 142
5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................................................... 143
5.1 SITE SELECTION ........................................................................................................................ 143
6 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) ................................................................................... 144
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 144
6.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 144
6.3 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase.............................................. 145
6.4 Environmental management plan during Operation phase .................................................. 147
6.5 Fire Management Systems ........................................................................................................ 148
6.5.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ....................................................................................................... 148
6.6 Post Project Environmental Monitoring .................................................................................. 161
6.6.1 Monitoring Program .......................................................................................................... 162
6.7 Greenbelt development Plan .................................................................................................... 164
6.8 Occupational Health and Safety Program ................................................................................ 165
6.8.1 Construction Phase: .......................................................................................................... 166
6.8.2 Operation Phase ................................................................................................................ 166
6.9 Environmental Safety Policy of Syngene International Limited ............................................ 167
6.10 Environment Management Cell ................................................................................................ 168
6.11 Cost Estimate for Environment Management Plan ................................................................. 169
7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...................................................................................................................... 170
7.1 Disaster Management Plan ....................................................................................................... 170
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 9
EIA REPORT
7.2 R& R ............................................................................................................................................ 170
7.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 170
8 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................... 171
9 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 172
9.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 172
9.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 173
10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT .................................................................................................... 174
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 Applicable Acts and Rules .......................................................................................................... 37
Table 2-1 Site coordinates .......................................................................................................................... 44
Table 2-2 Site Salient Features ................................................................................................................... 45
Table 2-3 Details of Proposed products and capacities ........................................................................... 49
Table 2-4 List of Solvents ............................................................................................................................ 52
Table 2-5 Land use break up details .......................................................................................................... 52
Table 2-6 Water Consumption for the Project ......................................................................................... 53
Table 2-7 Power and Energy Requirement ............................................................................................... 54
Table 2-8 Air Pollution Control Measures ................................................................................................. 55
Table 2-9 Wastewater Effluent .................................................................................................................. 56
Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste during Construction Phase ............................................................... 57
Table 2-11 Municipal Solid Waste during operation Phase ..................................................................... 57
Table 2-12 Hazardous waste ...................................................................................................................... 58
Table 2-13 List of Major Industries found within the 10 Km radius study are ...................................... 58
Table 3-1 Monitoring of various Environmental Attributes .................................................................... 60
Table 3-2 Frequency and Monitoring methodologies of environmental parameters ........................... 61
Table 3-3 Wind Direction ........................................................................................................................... 64
Table 3-4 Temperature and Relative Humidity data ................................................................................ 66
Table 3-5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations .............................................................................. 69
Table 3-6Test Methods used for the analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters ................................ 71
Table 3-71 Average Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data (October to January, 2016) ....................... 73
Table 3-8 Details of noise monitoring locations ....................................................................................... 76
Table 3-9 Ambient Noise Quality Standards (CPCB Limits) .................................................................... 78
Table 3-10 Noise Monitoring Results ........................................................................................................ 78
Table 3-11 Details of Surface and Ground Water Sampling Locations ................................................... 82
Table 3-12 Test Methods used for analysis of water quality parameters .............................................. 84
Table 3-13 Ground water analysis results ................................................................................................ 87
Table 3-14 Surface water analysis results ................................................................................................. 92
Table 3-15 Details of soil monitoring locations ...................................................................................... 104
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 10
EIA REPORT
Table 3-16 Soil Analysis results ............................................................................................................... 105
Table 3-17 Land use pattern (area in hectares) ..................................................................................... 108
Table 3-18 Land use pattern in the study area ....................................................................................... 109
Table 3-19 Fauna found in the study area ............................................................................................... 116
Table 3-20 Medicinal Plants Observed in Study Area ............................................................................ 119
Table 3-21 Plantations/Cultivars in Study Area ..................................................................................... 119
Table 3-22 Lower Strata Fauna Observed in Study Area ....................................................................... 121
Table 3-23 Standards according to National Health Policy ................................................................... 125
Table 3-24 Demographic Summary ......................................................................................................... 128
Table 3-25 Pilgrim/Tourist Places in Dakshina Kannada District ........................................................ 129
Table 4-1 Proposed Stack Emission details ............................................................................................ 137
Table 4-2 Predicted GLC for Proposed Stack .......................................................................................... 141
Table 6-1Post Project Environmental monitoring program .................................................................. 163
Table 10-1 Details of the Consultant ........................................................................................................ 174
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Location Map of the Project Site .............................................................................................. 46
Figure 2-2 Satellite Image of the Project Site (10 Km Radius) ................................................................ 47
Figure 2-3 MSEZL Site Master Plan Showing the proposed site .............................................................. 47
Figure 2-4 Site Photos ................................................................................................................................. 49
Figure 3-1 Wind direction distribution pattern ........................................................................................ 65
Figure 3-2 Wind rose diagram of Dakshina Kannada ............................................................................... 65
Figure 3-3 Map Showing AAQ Monitoring Locations in study area (10 Km Radius) ............................. 68
Figure 3-4 Photographs of monitoring at the site .................................................................................... 70
Figure 3-5 Noise Monitoring locations ...................................................................................................... 75
Figure 3-6 Ground Water monitoring locations ....................................................................................... 81
Figure 3-7 Surface water Monitoring location .......................................................................................... 81
Figure 3-8 Hydrogeology Map .................................................................................................................... 98
Figure 3-9 Depth of water level during pre and post monsoon .............................................................. 99
Figure 3-10 Ground water level fluctuation between pre and post Monsoon from 2001 to 2010 .... 100
Figure 3-11 Soil Monitoring Locations .................................................................................................... 103
Figure 3-12 Land Use Pattern of Dakshina Kannada District ................................................................ 108
Figure 3-13 Cropping Pattern in Study Area ........................................................................................... 110
Figure 4-1 Maximum incremental value for SO2 during daytime .......................................................... 138
Figure 4-2 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime ......................................................... 139
Figure 4-3 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime ......................................................... 140
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 11
EIA REPORT
LIST OF ANNEXURE
Annexure –1- Terms of Reference
Annexure –2- Syngene-MSEZ MOU
Annexure –3 - MSEZ EC Amendment
Annexure –4 - MSEZL Site Master Plan
Annexure–5 - Syngene Site Master Plan
Annexure –6 - Product Details
Annexure –7- Raw Materials
Annexure –8 - Material Safety Data Sheet
Annexure –9 - ETP, STP, MEE Specifications
Annexure – 10-Risk Assessment Report & Onsite Emergency plan
Annexure-11 GreenBelt Layout
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 12
EIA REPORT
COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
A. Standard TOR
1 Executive Summary Enclosed in pg no. 24.
2 Introduction Please refer chapter 1, pg
no-34
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET
accreditation
Please refer Chapter 10,
Pg no-175
ii. Information about the Project Proponent Please refer Chapter
1,1.1, pg no-34
iii. Importance and Benefits of the Project Please refer Chapter 8, Pg
No.172.
3 Project Description
i. Cost of project and Time of completion Please refer Chapter 2,2.6
pg no.50
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project Please refer Chapter
2,2.4,table 2.2, pg no. 48
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with
capacities and whether adequate land is available for
expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.
Not Applicable. This is a
proposed new project
iv. List of Raw materials and their source with mode of
transportation
Attached as Annexure-7
v. Other chemicals and materials required with
quantities and storage capacities
Please refer Chapter
2,2.4,table 2.2, pg no. 48
vi. Details of emission, effluents, hazardous waste
generation and their management
Please refer Chapter
2,2.9.4.2, Pg no-56
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of
supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,
man-power requirement (regular and contract)
Please refer Chapter 2,
2.8, pg no. 51
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 13
EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
viii. Process description along with major equipments
and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative)
from raw material to products to be provided
Attached as annexure 6.
ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety
systems
Please refer Chapter 6, pg
no. 165 and chapter 10
risk assessment.
x. Expansion/ modernization proposals
(a) Copy of all Environmental Clearance(s) including
amendments thereto obtaining for the project
from MoEF&CC/SEIAA shall be attached as an
Annexure. A certified copy of the latest
monitoring report of the Regional office of the
Ministry of Environment and Forests as per
circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of
compliance of conditions stipulated in all existing
environmental clearances including Amendments
shall be provided. In addition status of compliance
of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing
operation of the project from SPCB shall be
attached with the EIA-EMP report
(b) In case the existing project has not obtained
environmental clearance, reasons for not
obtaining the provisions of the EIA notification
1994 and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be
provided. Copies of Consent to Establish / No
objection certificate and Consent to Operate (in
case of units operating in prior to EIA notification
2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained
from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further
Not Applicable. Since the
Proposed project is new..
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 14
EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
compliance report to the conditions of Consents
from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4 Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village,
Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, justification for
selecting the site. Whether other sites were considered
Please refer Chapter
2,2.3, pg no. 44
ii. A Topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10Km
and site location on 1:50,000/ 1:25,000 scale on an
A3/A2 sheet (including al eco-sensitive areas and
environmentally sensitive places)
Please refer Chapter
3,3.11, Pg No: 106
iii. Details w.r.t option analysis for selection of site Please refer Chapter 5, Pg
No: 143.
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site Please refer Chapter 2,
table no. 2-1, Pg no: 43
v. Google map Earth downloaded of the project site Please refer Chapter 2,
figure 2-2.
vi. Layout maps including existing unit as well as
proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area,
greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an
industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial
indicating location of unit within the Industrial
area/Estate.
Please refer Chapter 2,
table 2-4 pg no: 51.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if
applicable) plant site, existing, show photographs of
plantations/greenbelt, in particular
Please refer Chapter 2,
Fig 2-4, Pg no: 48
viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site
(indicate and acquired), government/ private-
agriculture, forest, wasteland, water bodies,
settlements, etc shall be included (not required for
Please refer Chapter
3,3.11, pg no: 106
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EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
industrial area)
ix. A list of major industries with name and type
within the study area (10 km radius) shall be
incorporated. Land use details of the study area)
Please refer Chapter 2,
table 2-12, pg no 56
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of
the study area shall be included.
Please refer Chapter
3,3.7, Pg No. 96
xi. Details of drainage of the project upto 5km radius
of the study area. If the site is within 1Km radius of any
major river, peak and lean season river discharge as
well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak
rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level
of the project site and maximum of Flood of the river
shall also be provided (mega green field projects)
Please refer Chapter 3, pg
no. 98
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not
complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected
time of complete procession of the land.
Acquisition certificate
enclosed in Annexure-2
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state
Government policy
Not applicable. It is in
MSEZL industrial area
5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable)
i. Permission and approvals for the use of forest
land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations
of the State Forest Department (if applicable)
Not Applicable
ii. Land use map based on High resolution satellite
imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the
forest land (in case of projects involving forest land
more than 40 Ha)
Please refer Chapter
3,3.11, pg no:105
iii. Status of application submitted for obtaining the
stage of Forest Clearance along with latest status shall
be submitted
Not Applicable
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EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
iv. The projects to be located within 10 Km of the
National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project
proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by
Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis
the project location and the recommendations or
comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon.
Not Applicable
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by
the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for
conservation of schedule of fauna, if any exists in the
study area.
Not Applicable
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under
the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 to the Standing
Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.
Not Applicable
6 Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the
project site and site-specific micrometeorological
date using temperature, relative humidity, hourly
wind speed and direction and rainfall
Please refer Chapter
3,4.10.1, pg no 134
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10,
PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to
the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations
shall be based on CPCB guidelines and take into
account the pre-dominant wind direction, population
zone, sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
Please refer Chapter 3,
Table no: 3-71,pg no. 71
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all
stations as per frequency given in the NAAQM
notification of Nov. 2009 along with- min-max,
average and 98% values for each of the AAQ
Please refer Chapter 3,
3.4, pg no: 64
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EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be
provided as an annexure to the EIA report
iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (1000m
upstream and downstream of discharge point) and
other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/
MoEF&CC guidelines.
Please refer Chapter 3,
3.6, Pg No. : 76.
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river
identified by the CPCB/MoEF& CC, if yes give details
No
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum 8 locations
shall be included
Please refer Chapter
3,3.6,3.6.2 pg no: 78.
vii. Noise level monitoring at minimum 8 locations
shall be included
Please refer Chapter 3,
3.5, pg no. 74
viii. Soil characteristics as per CPCB guidelines Please refer Chapter
3,3.10, pg no:102.
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of
vehicles for transportation of materials, additional
traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement
etc.
Please refer Chapter 3
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial
and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given
with special reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species. If schedule-I fauna and found
within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation plan
shall be prepared and furnished
Please refer Chapter 3,
3.12, pg no. 110.
xi. Socio-economic status of the study area Please refer Chapter
3,3.13 122.
7 Impact and Environmental Management Plan
i. Assessment of ground level concentration of
pollutants from the stack emission based on site-
Please refer Chapter
4,4.10.1, 136.
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EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
specific meteorological features. In case the project is
located on a hilly terrain, AQIP modeling shall be
done using inputs of the specific terrain
characteristics for determining the potential impacts
of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all
sources of emissions (including transportation) on
the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the
model used and the input data used for modeling
shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall
be plotted on a location map showing the location of
the project site, habitation nearby, sensitive
receptors, if any.
ii. Water quality modeling- in case of discharge in
water body
Not Applicable. Effluent
discharged to CETP of
MSEZL
iii. Impact of the transport of raw material and end
products on the surrounding environment shall be
assessed and provided. In this regard, options for
transport of raw materials and finished products and
wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road
transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be
examined.
Please refer Chapter 4
iv. A note on treatment of waste water from different
plant operations, extent recycled and reused for
different purposes shall be included. Complete
scheme of effluent treatment, characteristics of
untreated and treated effluent to meet the
prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) rules.
Please refer Chapter
4,4.10.2, pg no: 142
v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control Please refer Chapter 4,
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EIA REPORT
S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
of emissions to meet standards. 4.10.1, table4.1, 136, 138.
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Refer chapter 2, 2.9,
2.9.1, pg no: 53
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their
storage, utilization and management, Copies of MOU
regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in
cement plant also be included. EMP shall include the
concept of waste-minimization, recycle/
reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and
natural resource conservation.
Please refer Chapter
2,2.9.5.2, pg no. 57..
Agreement will be made
with TSDF for safe
disposal of hazardous
wastes.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as
per Fly Ash notification, 200. A detailed plan of
action shall be provided.
Not Applicable. Since the
fly ash is not used.
ix. Acton plan for the green belt development plan in
33% area i.e., land with not less than 1500 trees per
Ha. Giving details of Species, width of plantation,
planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green
belt shall be around the project boundary and a
scheme for greening of the roads used for the project
shall also be incorporated.
Please refer Chapter
6,6.7, pg no: 164.
x. Action plan for rain water harvesting measures at
plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater
from the roof tops and storm water drains to
recharge the ground water and also to use for the
various activities at the project site to conserve fresh
water and reuse the water requirement from other
sources.
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.4,pg no. 148
xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost /annum for
environmental pollution control measures shall be
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.11, pg no: 169.
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S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
included.
xii. Action plan for Post-project environmental
monitoring shall be submitted
Please refer Chapter 6,
table 6.1, pg no. 163.
xiii. Onsite and offsite Disaster (natural and Man-
made) preparedness and Emergency Management
Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control.
Disaster Management Plan should be linked with
District Disaster Management Plan.
Enclosed in Annexure-10.
8 Occupational Health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational
health & safety of all contract and casual workers
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.8, pg no. 165.
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. )f the worker s health is being evaluated by pre-designed format, chest x-rays, Audiometry,
Spirometry, Vision testing (Far and near vision,
colour vision and any other ocular defect), ECG,
during pre placement and periodical examinations
give the details of the same. Details regarding last
month analyzed data of above mentioned
parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and
department wise.
Not Applicable. This is a
proposed project
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards.
What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether
they are Permissible Exposure level (PEL) if these
are not within PEL, what measures the company has
adopted to keep them within PEL. So that health of
the workers can be preserved.
Not Applicable. This is a
proposed project
iv. Annual report of health status of workers with
special reference to Occupational Health and Safety
Not Applicable. This is a
proposed project
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S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
9 Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid down
Environmental Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report
Refer chapter 6, 6.9 pg
no:198.
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard
operating process/procedures to bring into focus
any infringement/ deviation/ violation of the
environemnt or forest norms/ conditions? If so, it
may be detailed in the EIA
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.9, pg no. 167.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative
order of the company to deal with the environemntsl
issues and for ensuring compliance with the
environmental clearance conditions? Details of this
system may be given.
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.10, pg no. 168.
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-
compliances/ violations of environemntal norms to
the Board of Directors of the company and/or
Stakeholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting
mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.10, pg no. 168.
10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as
sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the
labour force during construction as well as to the casual
workers including truck drivers during operation phase.
During construction
phase, temporary site
office, toilet, cantten is
provided this will be
ready before the civil
works begin at our site.
During operational
phase, the canteen and
rest room provided
which is indicated in Site
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S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
master plan in annexure
4.
11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the project cost)
shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social
Commitment based on public Hearing issues and
item-wise details along with the bound action plan
shall be included. Socio-Economic development
activities need to be elaborated upon.
Public Hearing is not
applicable. Since, the
project site is within
industrial area of MSEZL.
12 Any litigation pending against the project and/ or any
direction/ order passed by any Court of Law against the
project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has
the unit received any notice under the section 5 of
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections
of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of
the case.
No
13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of
above TOR
Complied in pg no. 12.
B. Specific Terms of Reference for EIA studies for Isolated Storage & Handling of
Hazardous Chemicals (As per Threshold planning Quantity indicated in column 3
of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 Amended 2000)
1 Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent
recovery and for emissions control.
Solvents details are given
in table 2.4 pg no. 51 and
solvent recovery plan is
given in annexure- 14.
2 Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and Process emissions
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S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
its arrangement to control explained in pg no. 135
table 4-1. And control
measures given in pg no.
147.
3 Ambient air quality data should include VOC, other
process specific pollutants like NH3, Chlorine, HCl, HBr,
H2S, HF, etc., (as applicable)
Please refer Chapter 3,
Table no: 3-71,pg no. 71
4 Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous
chemicals
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.8, pg no. 165.
5 Detailed effluent treatment scheme including segregation of effluent streams for units adopting Zero Liquid discharge. High TDS effluent is
provided with MEE and
adopted ZLD. Low TDS
effluent is sent to CETP
for Further Treatment.
Enclosed in annexure 9.
6 Action Plan for odour control to be submitted Refer chapter 2, 2.9,
2.9.2, pg no: 54
7 A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed
with cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they c
o-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated
Not applicable, the solid
and hazardous waste
shall be disposed to
TSDF. However,
agreement with cement
industry can be made in
future.
8 Authorization for the disposal of liquid effluent in CETP
and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any
Authorization shall be
obtained before starting
the production, it is a
green field project the
same shall be obtained
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S.No Terms of Reference Compliance
along with CFO.
9 Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts This shall be disposed off
to TSDF as this being
hazardous waste.
10 Material safety data sheet for all the chemicals being
used/will be used
Please refer Annexure-8
11 Details of incinerator if to be installed No incinerator will be
used. The solid waste
generated will be sent to
the authorized hazardous
waste management
vendor.
12 Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous
chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety
system to be incorporated
Enclosed in Annexure-10.
13 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers
engaged in handling of toxic materials
Please refer Chapter 6,
6.8, pg no. 165.
Additional TOR s
1 Detailed Product name Please refer Chapter-2
and Annexure-6
2 Letter from MOEF regarding change in land use pattern Please refer Annexure-3.
3 Revised Land use plan increasing the green belt area
from 4.63% to 33%
Enclosed in Annexure -11
4 Evaluate the ETP available w.r.t the discharge Enclosed in Annexuere-9.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
M/s. Syngene International Limited intends to set up a manufacturing facility on 40.07
Acres of land leased from MSEZL for the production of Novel chemical entities-Active
Pharmaceutical Intermediates (APIs), Intermediates (Pharma/Non-Pharma) and
Agrochemicals at MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District,
Karnataka.
For this proposed activity the manpower requirement will be 811 persons which will
include both technical and non-technical personnel. The details of the proposed project are
tabulated in table 1.
Table 1- Details of the proposed project
S.No Features Description
1) Name of the Project Syngene International Limited-New Active
Pharmaceuticals Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/
Non-Pharma) and Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit
2) Total Land Area 40.07 acres
3) Geographical Location Village: Kalavar, Tehsil: Managalore, District:
Dakshina Kannada, State: Karnataka
4) Nearest Village Kalavar (0.8 Km towards West)
5) Nearest Railway station Thokkur railway Station-3.4 Km
Surathkal railway station-at about 4.8 Km towards
NW
6) Highway NH-17 Edapally-Panawal at about 6 Km on west
7) Airport Bajpe (Mangalore) at about 3.5 Km in the south east
direction
8) Sea Port NMPT, Mangalore at about 6.4 Km towards SW
9) Forest/Wildlife Sanctuary Pilikula Nisarga Dhama (Biological Park)
10) Project Site A total land area of 40.07 acres leased for the
proposed manufacturing facility is in possession of
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S.No Features Description
Mangalore SEZ, notified by Ministry of Commerce &
Industries
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
About the project
M/s Syngene International Limited proposes to establish a new facility for the manufacture
of Active Pharmaceuticals Intermediates (APIs), Intermediates (Pharma/Non-Pharma) and
Agrochemicals in the Mangalore Special Economic Zone Limited (MSEZL) at Kalavar Village,
Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District.
Location
The site for the proposed project is situated at survey No.s 5/7(P), 5/8A(P), 5/8B, 5/8C(P),
5/10(P), 6/1(P), 6/3(P), 7/1(P),7/2, 7/3(P), 8/1C(P), 10/1, 10/2, 10/3, 10/4A(P), 10/5,
10/6, 10/7(P), 10/8, 10/9, 10/10A(P), 10/11(P), 10/12(P), 10/13(P), 11/1(P), 11/2(P),
11/3, 11/4, 11/5, 11/6, 11/9, 11/10, 12/5(P), 12/6(P), 12/11(P), 12/12(P), 13/1, 13/2(P),
13/3, 13/4, 13/5, 13/6, 14/4(P), 14/5(P), 14/6(P), 14/7(P), 14/8, 14/9, 15/1(P), 15/2A,
15/2B(P), 15/2C(P), 15/2D(P), 15/2E, 17/8(P), 17/13(P), 17/22(P), 17/23(P), 17/25(P),
98/1(P), 98/2(P), 99/1(P), 99/2(P), 100(P), MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore Taluk
Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka state. The latitude and longitude for the proposed site
are 12°58'55.37"N, 74°51'35.38"E respectively.
Table 2-Site Coordinates
S.No Site Co-ordinates Direction
1. 12°59'2.41"N, 74°51'29.11"E North
2. 12°58'46.32"N, 74°51'28.26"E South
3. 12°58'50.68"N, 74°51'50.19"E East
4. 12°58'54.04"N, 74°51'51.30"E West
Land Requirement
The land occupied for setting up of the manufacturing facility will be 40.07 acres of land in
MSEZL. The Land break up for the project is given in the table below.
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S.No. Component Area in Sq.m Area in %
1. Proposed Ground
Coverage area
62796.17 38.70
2. Proposed Future
Ground Coverage
area
63777.67 39.30
3. Green Belt area 7512.46 4.63
4. Parking 6015.90 3.70
5. Roads and
Pavements
22195.52 13.67
Total 162256.25 100.00
Power Requirement
The total power requirement for the proposed facility will be 6000 KVA and a power back
up of 2 generators each of 3000 KVA capacity will be facilitated.
Water Requirement
The total fresh water requirement for the project is 1078 KLD.
Project cost
The total investment for the proposed project will be approximately Rs. 650 Crores for
various phases, out of which approx. Rs. 250 crores is proposed to be invested during phase-
1 of the project.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Meteorological Environment
For determining the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, an
automatic continuous digital weather station was installed at project site. The locations
were chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly
meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction and temperature were recorded at the
project site. These frequencies were computed on 8 hourly as well as 24 hourly basis and
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the corresponding results are used to draw wind rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16 hrs, 16-24 hrs
and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent sections. The
predominant wind is from E, SE and ESE to W, NW and WNW during day time (land breeze)
while the predominant wind direction is from W, NW and WNW to E, SE and ESE (sea
breeze) during night time. The wind speed ranges between 7-19 Kmph. The temperature
ranges between 21.7-32.5°C and in extreme cases it can reach up to 37.8°C while the
relative humidity range from 60-91% at project site. The meteorological data collected
during monitoring is used for interpretation of baseline status.
Ambient Air Quality
The mean value of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur dioxide
(SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), CO (µg/m3), Pb (µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene,
As and Ni at 8 monitoring locations during the AAQ monitoring period is represented in
Table 3.7. The concentration of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur
dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ranged between 24.42 to 29.71 µg/m3, 50 to 66.14
µg/m3, 15 to 20 µg/m3and 10 to 16.14 µg/m3. The concentrations of CO (µg/m3), Pb
(µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene, As and Ni were found to be within BDL at all
sampling stations.
NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Reconnaissance survey was conducted to locate the existing noise generating sources and
identify suitable locations to evaluate background noise levels. The project site is located in
MSEZL of Dakshina Kannada district. The surrounding impact zone of 10 km radial distance
consisting of the rural, urban and industrial areas is marked.
Since the project site is located in MSEZL there are many industries which contribute to
baseline noise levels. The heavy vehicular traffic on state highway NH-17 contributes
significantly to the noise levels in study area. The noise levels in surrounding selected
villages, industrial complexes and junction of the state highways were monitored using a
precision noise level meter. The prevailing ambient noise levels along, the sites were
monitored at 8 locations. The details of noise levels at the monitoring stations are
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presented in Table 3.10. The field observations during the study period indicate that the
ambient noise levels in the study area were well within the prescribed standards at all the
different noise zones prescribed by CPCB.
WATER ENVIRONMENT
Physico-chemical parameters along with biological indicators of pollution have been
identified for assessing the baseline status of water environment and identification of
impacts due to proposed developmental activities. In order to assess the water quality,
standard methods (IS Standards) were followed for sample collection, preservation and
analysis in the laboratory. The water quality was assessed by various Physiochemical
parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity(µohms/cm), Color (Hazen Unit), Turbidity
(NTU), Total Hardness (mg/l), Calcium (mg/l), Silica (mg/l), Total Alkalinity (mg/l),
Chloride (mg/l), Magnesium (mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l), Sulphate (mg/l), Iron
(mg/l), Chromium (mg/l), Lead (mg/l) and Total suspended Solid (mg/l).
Surface water quality
The average pH ranges in between 6.24-7.93, TDS ranges from 25-20800 mg/l, Total
hardness ranges from 11-6240 mg/l, DO ranges from 5.5-6.3 mg/l. The analysis results are
presented in Table 3.13.
Ground Water Quality
The pH of the surface water was alkaline and ranged from 6.09-7.84 across the sampling
stations. The concentration of Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged between 47-101 mg/l
across the sampling stations. Iron content ranges from 0.03-3.1 mg/l, nitrate content ranges
from BDL (DL 1.0)-44.1 mg/l. The analysis results are presented in Table 3.12.
LAND ENVIRONMENT
Assessment of soil characteristics is of paramount importance since the vegetation growth,
agricultural practices and production is directly related to the soil fertility and quality. It is
observed that the pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.04- 6.96 indicating that the soils are
slightly acidic in nature, conductivity of the soil samples ranged from to 23-142 μS/cm. As
the EC value is less than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-saline in nature. The water
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holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 32.9-46.5 (%).Nitrogen as N value varies
from 0.05-0.13 %. Potassium content ranges from 0.18-0.34% and Phosphorous from 0.02-
0.09%.
LAND USE
The land use distribution is given in the subsequent table.
S.No Land use/Land Cover Classes Area in (Km2) Area in (%)
1. Vegetation 122.05 38.87
2. Land with shrub 17.64 5.62
3. Waste Land 82.64 26.32
4. Bare Soil/Sand 12.99 4.14
5. Built-up Area 26.18 8.34
6. Water body 52.46 16.71
Total 314 100.0
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Species such as Cocos nucifera, Acacia ferruginea, Acacia concinna, Acacia nilotica, Bauhinia
recemosa, Bauhinia malabarica, Caesalpina pulcherima, Cassia fistula, Ficus benghalensis,
Ficus religiosa, Jatropha spp., Alangium salvifolium, Hibiscus cannabinus , Aristolochia indica,
Hemidesmus indicus, , Ipomoea angulata, Tylophora asthmatic were observed in the study
area.
SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The survey team visited different parts of the district viz coastal, urban, rural and
undeveloped areas in the study area. The team interacted with people from different walks
of life, like farmers, fishermen, factory workers, female groups, Village heads and key
persons of the area. The observations are given below:
Employment and Business opportunities have improved.
They welcome industrialization, but not at the cost of the spoiling natural
Resources like water, air, soil etc.
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The overall literacy rate in the study area is 74.46% which is higher than state
average 57.6%
The employment rate in the study area is 42.71%
Scheduled caste population is 6.39%
Scheduled tribes are 2.41% of total population
In comparison with the demographic profile of study area in 1991, the total
population is almost doubled in 2001, while there is only marginal increase in overall
literacy rate.
Main worker population in the study area is 58883 (42.71%)
Majority of the worker i.e.33089 (56.19%) are engaged as other activities workers
and household is 17303 (29.38%)
There are 5124 (8.70%) and 3367 (5.71%) workers as cultivators and agriculture
worker
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Air Environment
Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for all the parameters are
well within the permissible limits as prescribed by National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
During the operation phase of the project the main sources of emissions will be from the D.G
sets, Reactors and Boiler which are facilitated with stacks of adequate height as an air
pollution control measure.
Noise Environment
Baseline line study showed that the noise levels were within the CPCB standards at all the
sampling stations in the study area. During the operation phase appropriately designed
equipments with noise levels not exceeding beyond the requirements of Occupational
Health and Safety Administration Standard will be employed.
Land Use
Change in the land use is one of the major impact from any developmental project. Since the
proposed facility will be established in the MSEZL that is intended for industrial purpose, no
change in the land use is foreseen.
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Environmental Monitoring Program
The details of the post project monitoring plan that will be implemented by the proposed
facility are shown below.
S.No Area of
Monitoring
Number of
Sampling Stations
Frequently of
Sampling
Parameters to be Analyzed
1. Meteorology One Hourly and
Daily basis.
Wind speed and direction,
Temperature, Relative
Humidity, Atmospheric
pressure, Rainfall.
2. Ambient Air
Quality
2 Stations Twice a
week:24
hourly period
PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2
3. Noise 4 (two within plant
premises and two
outside plant
premises)
Once every
season
Ambient Equivalent
continuous Sound Pressure
Levels (Leq) at day and
Night time.
4. Liquid
Effluents
Main Plant Effluents Weekly pH, Temp, Conductivity, TSS,
TDS, BOD, Phenol.
Sanitary Effluents Monthly pH, TSS, BOD
5. Exhaust
from DG set
Stack of DG set Quarterly PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & CO
6. Vehicular
Emissions
Parking area Periodic
monitoring of
vehicles
Air emission and noise, PCU
7. Solid waste
/ Hazardous
waste
Check conformance
to HWM rules
Quantity and
Quality
monitoring
Periodically
8. Soil Two Locations
within the Project
Yearly Once Physicochemical properties,
Nutrients, Heavy metals
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Site
9. Terrestrial
Ecology
Within 10km,
around the project
Once in three
years
Symptoms of injuries on
plants
Pollution Control Measures Proposed
The emissions from the reactors will be mitigated by providing adequate stack to the
scrubbers connected to the reactors. The D.G sets will be facilitated with adequate stack
height to disperse the pollutants.
Sewage will be treated through STP. The effluent generated in the plant will be segregated
into high TDS and Low TDS waste water and subsequently the high TDS effluent will be
treated in MEE plant and the low TDS effluent will be subjected to primary and secondary
effluent treatment plant prior to its discharge in the CETP of MSEZL.
Solid/hazardous wastes generated in the plant will be properly disposed.
Budgetary Provisions for EMP
Adequate budgetary provisions will be made by M/s Syngene International Limited for
pollution control, operation, maintenance of pollution control facilities and also execution of
the environmental management plan proposed.
The cost for the environmental pollution control measures is given below.
S.No. Description Cost (Rs)
1) Air Pollution 1.20 Crores
2) Waste Water Treatment MEE- 3.5 Crores, 30 Lakhs-ETP, 26 Lakhs-
STP
3) Green Belt Development 5 Lakhs
PROJECT BENEFITS
The Proposed project aims at setting up a commercial manufacturing unit for the
production of novel chemical entities such as APIs and Intermediates that will play a vital
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role in the health care sector to treat various diseases and thereby addresses the market
demand.
The products manufactured at this facility will be exported that will aid in adding to the
revenue of the nation.
The corporate social responsibilities that will be taken up by the proposed project will
improve the well being of the society and the corporate responsibilities towards the
protection of the environment will help in conserving the ecosystem.
It will also provide employment opportunities to a larger population.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This Environmental Impact Assessment report studied the proposed project and assessed
its predicted impacts on land, water, air, soil, biological & socioeconomic environment of the
region. The proposed project was found to be complying with all the environmental, health
and safety standards, and is planning to use efficient equipments and advanced technologies
to reduce its air emission, waste water generation. It is also taking proper care in its
hazardous chemicals and waste handling. It has also laid down solid plans to monitor and
combat any disaster or emergency situation in the project. Other than the above, proposed
project will be bringing in various economical, social and environmental benefits to the
Dakshina Kannada district and to the nation.
With the above benefits, and the environmental and social commitment and readiness of the
project, the environmental impact assessment report strongly affirms and recommends the
proposed project
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About the Project Proponent
Syngene International Limited, a leading custom research and manufacturing organization
was established in 1993 as a subsidiary of Biocon Limited. As a Global pharmaceutical
enterprise it offers a range of services in large molecule development, chemical
development, formulation development, stability studies, polymer research, clinical
development, integrated drug discovery and development to tailor to the outsourced
research requirement of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agrochemicals, consumer health,
animal health, cosmetic and nutrition companies. It has efficiently provided services to more
than 220 clients across the country to various industrial sectors by leveraging its multi-
disciplinary skills in the field of medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology,
toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical
development.
1.2 Purpose of the report
The proponent M/s Syngene International Limited has proposed to establish a new
manufacturing facility for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/Non-
Pharma) and Agrochemicals at plot nos- IP-39, IP-46 & IP-60, Kalavar Village, Kalavar Post,
Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka located within MSEZL.
The project falls under Schedule f Synthetic organic chemicals industry under Category B as per E)A Notification requiring E)A studies of the project. The facility requires prior Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority
(SEIAA), Karnataka before commencing onsite activities. The application along with
relevant project documents was submitted to SEIAA, Karnataka on 22.09.2015. Based on the
information furnished and the presentation done before the State Expert Appraisal
Committee Members, the proposal was appraised in the 150th SEAC meeting held on
07.10.2015 and was issued the Terms of Reference (ToR) for preparing Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) Report vide Letter No. SEIAA/F.No- SEIAA 27 IND 2015 dated
28.10.2015 which is enclosed as Annexure-1.
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In order to address the nature and extent of significant environmental impacts both
negative and positive during the construction and operation phase of the proposed project,
M/s Syngene International Limited has appointed NABET certified Environmental
Consultant M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai to conduct Environmental
Impact Assessment Study as per the ToR accorded by SEIAA.
1.3 Brief Description of the Project
Syngene International Limited proposes to set up its new plant at MSEZL, Kalavar Village,
Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District. The proposed facility will implement the
proven technologies in the R&D to manufacture APIs, Intermediates- Pharma/Non-Pharma
and agrochemicals, involving a series of chemical reactions and processes.
M/s Syngene International Limited has acquired a total land area of 40.07 acres in the
MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore taluk, Dakshina Kannada District. The proposed site falls
in the Latitude: 12°58'55.37"N, and Longitude: 74°51'35.38"E. The project site is located
adjacent to MSEZ corridor road and 5.9 Km away from NH-17 Edapally-Panaval Highway.
1.4 Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out
The following Acts and Rules are applicable to the proposed project:
a. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006 and its amendments
b. The Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules,1989 and
its amendments
c. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974 and its
amendments
d. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981and its amendments
e. The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary
movement) Rules,2008 and its amendments
f. The Environmental Protection Act 1986 and its amendments
g. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) rules, 2000
h. The Factories Act 1950 and its amendments
i. The Explosive Act,1884
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j. The Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940
k. The Indian Boiler Act, 1923
l. The Central motor vehicles act, 1988
The details of Acts and Rules with applicability to the proposed project are given in Table
1.1.
Table 1-1 Applicable Acts and Rules
S.No Act and Rules
applicable
Purpose Objective Applicability
1. EIA
Notification
2006 and its
amendments.
New projects, Expansion
modernization, change of
product mix of the existing
project
Protection and
Improvement
of the
Environment
As the proposal
is for new
project
scheduled
under category
5(f),
Environmental
clearance from
Ministry of
Environment,
Forest &
Climate Change
is applicable
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S.No Act and Rules
applicable
Purpose Objective Applicability
2. The
Manufacture,
Storage and
Import of
Hazardous
Chemicals
Rules, 1989
and its
amendments
Handling of Hazardous
Chemicals
Regulate the
manufacture,
storage and
import of
Hazardous
Chemicals
Preparation/
update of On-
site Emergency
Preparedness
Plan and
submission to
Factory
inspectorate.
Preparation/
update of
Safety Report
and submit to
Factory
inspectorate.
Preparation of
Material Safety
Data Sheet.
3. The Water
(Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act,
1974 and its
amendments.
New projects, Expansion
modernization, change of
product mix of the existing
project,
Existing plants
Prevention,
control and
abatement of
water pollution
Consent to
Establish and
Consent to
Operate from
State Pollution
Control Board
to be obtained
for expansion
and new
product
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S.No Act and Rules
applicable
Purpose Objective Applicability
4. The Air
(Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act,
1981 and its
amendments.
New projects, Expansion
/modernization, change of
product mix of the existing
project, Existing industries
Prevention,
control and
abatement of
air pollution
Consent to
Establish and
Consent to
Operate from
State Pollution
Control Board
to be obtained
for expansion
and new
product
5. The Hazardous
waste
(Management,
Handling and
Transboundar
y Movement
Rules) 2008
and its
amendments.
Management, Handling
and Transboundary
Movement of Hazardous
waste
Prevention,
Control and
abatement of
pollution
Hazardous
waste
Authorization
from State
Pollution
Control Board
to be obtained
6. The
Environmental
(Protection)Ac
t,1986 and its
Amendments
New projects,
Expansion/modernization
change of product mix of
the existing project,
Existing industries
Protection and
Improvement
of the
Environment
Environmental
Standards as
specified are to
be complied.
Submission of
Environment
Statement on
yearly basis to
KSPCB
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S.No Act and Rules
applicable
Purpose Objective Applicability
7. The Noise
Pollution
(Regulation
and Control)
Rules, 2000
New projects,
Expansion/modernization
change of product mix of
the existing project,
Existing industries
To protect the
workers and
public from
noise related
problems
Noise control
measure.
Comply with
Noise
standards and
submission of
monthly report
to KSPCB
8. The Factories
Act 1948 and
its
amendments.
New projects,
Expansion/modernization
change of product mix of
the existing project,
Existing industries
Control of
workplace
environment,
and providing
for good health
and safety of
workers
Factory License
from Factory
inspectorate.
9. The Explosive
Act, 1884
New projects,
Expansion/modernization
change of product mix of
the existing project,
Existing industries
Production,
Storage and
import of
explosive
substance in
and around the
project and
provides the
regulations for
the safety and
environmental
measures
Safety
measures are
complied for
the storage of
chemicals in
the plant as per
PESO
guidelines.
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S.No Act and Rules
applicable
Purpose Objective Applicability
10. The Central
Motor Vehicle
Act, 1988
New projects,
Expansion/modernization
change of product mix of
the existing project,
Existing industries
Check the
pollution load
of vehicles
inside the plant
Adequate
environmental
measures are
put in place to
check the
vehicular
emissions.
1.5 Methodology adopted for the Study
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact,
whether positive or negative, that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects, i.e., aiming at Sustainable Development due to the project activities. 1.6 Objectives of this EIA Report
To ensure environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and
incorporated into the development decision-making process.
To anticipate and avoid, minimize or offset the adverse significant biophysical,
social and other relevant effects of the above project proposal.
To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and the ecological
processes which maintain their respective functions
To promote development that is sustainable and optimizes resource use as
well as management opportunities.
To fully recognize the scope and requirements of the TOR and comply with
the same.
1.7 Structure of EIA Report
The generic structure of the Environmental Impact Assessment study report is as follows:
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Introduction
Project Description
Description of the Environment-Present scenario of the land, air, water, ecology,
socio-economic environment
Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation measures
Environmental Monitoring Plan
Additional Studies-Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan
Project Benefits
Summary and Conclusion
1.8 EIA Process
The EIA process followed for this EIA report is composed of the following stages:
Study of project information
Screening & Scoping
Environmental pre-feasibility study & application for approval of ToR
Collection of detailed project management plan/report
Baseline data collection
Impact identification, Prediction & Evaluation
Mitigation measures & delineation of EMP
Risk assessment and safety & disaster management plan
Review & finalization of EIA Report based on the ToR requirements.
Submission of EIA report for implementation of mitigation measures & EMP as well
as necessary clearances from relevant Authority.
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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of Project
M/s Syngene International Limited proposes to establish a new facility for the manufacture
of Active Pharmaceuticals Intermediates (APIs), Intermediates (Pharma/Non-Pharma) and
Agrochemicals in the Mangalore Special Economic Zone Limited (MSEZL) at Kalavar Village,
Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka. The present proposal falls under the schedule f Synthetic Organic Chemicals , Category- B as per the E)A Notification dated September 14, 2006 and its amendments.
2.2 Need for the project
With the world s ever-growing alarming population and increasing market demand
worldwide for healthcare solutions to prevent/treat diseases, the Indian Pharmaceutical
Industry stands as the third largest globally in terms of volume. Indian Pharmaceutical
Industry is involved in exporting drug intermediates, APIs, Finished dosage formulations,
biopharmaceuticals and clinical services across the globe. Innovative scientific research and
development (R&D), modern scientific and technological advances primarily focuses on the
discovery and development of medicines with improved therapeutic activity, increased
yield, reduced side effects and decreased waste generation.
In line with the make in India initiative Syngene International Limited proposes to set up a
commercial manufacturing complex for production and export of Novel chemical entities-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/ Non-Pharma) and
Agrochemicals at 40.07 Acres of land of project site.
To address the growing demand, Syngene International Limited, a fully integrated,
innovation-driven biopharmaceutical enterprise, with its exceptionally well developed
research platform, highly qualified Indian scientific manpower and innovative scientific
solutions, has proposed a project envisaged in manufacturing API, Intermediates- Pharma
/Non-Pharma and Agrochemicals that are complex, chemistry based molecules from pilot
scale to commercial scale and delivering services that are of high quality standard,
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innovative, productive and affordable to meet the current and the future needs. It is also
expected to provide employment to a large population.
2.3 Location of the Project Site
The site for the proposed project is situated at survey No.s 5/7(P), 5/8A(P), 5/8B, 5/8C(P),
5/10(P), 6/1(P), 6/3(P), 7/1(P),7/2, 7/3(P), 8/1C(P), 10/1, 10/2, 10/3, 10/4A(P), 10/5,
10/6, 10/7(P), 10/8, 10/9, 10/10A(P), 10/11(P), 10/12(P), 10/13(P), 11/1(P), 11/2(P),
11/3, 11/4, 11/5, 11/6, 11/9, 11/10, 12/5(P), 12/6(P), 12/11(P), 12/12(P), 13/1, 13/2(P),
13/3, 13/4, 13/5, 13/6, 14/4(P), 14/5(P), 14/6(P), 14/7(P), 14/8, 14/9, 15/1(P), 15/2A,
15/2B(P), 15/2C(P), 15/2D(P), 15/2E, 17/8(P), 17/13(P), 17/22(P), 17/23(P), 17/25(P),
98/1(P), 98/2(P), 99/1(P), 99/2(P), 100(P), MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore Taluk
Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka state. Mangalore SEZL is facilitating the entire
infrastructure like road connectivity, graded plots, water infrastructure, Waste water
collection system, solid waste management system, green belt development etc.
The MoU agreement signed by Syngene International Limited with Mangalore SEZ for
leasing 40.07 acres of land from Mangalore SEZL for setting up the project is enclosed as
Annexure-2. The letter from MOEF&CC regarding change in land use pattern of MSEZL to
Multi Product Units along with Petrochemical and Downstream Petrochemicals unit, dated
18th June, 2015 is attached as Annexure-3. The latitude and longitude for the proposed site
are 12°58'55.37"N, 74°51'35.38"E respectively.
Table 2-1 Site coordinates
S.No Site Co-ordinates Direction
1. 12°59'2.41"N, 74°51'29.11"E North
2. 12°58'46.32"N, 74°51'28.26"E South
3. 12°58'50.68"N, 74°51'50.19"E East
4. 12°58'54.04"N, 74°51'51.30"E West
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The salient Features of the project site are represented in the following table 2.2:
Table 2-2 Site Salient Features
S.No Features Description
1) Name of the Project Syngene International Limited-New Active
Pharmaceuticals Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/
Non-Pharma) and Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit
2) Total Land Area 40.07 acres
3) Nearest Village Kalavar (0.8 Km towards West)
4) Nearest Railway station Thokkur railway Station-3.4 Km
Surathkal railway station-at about 4.8 Km towards
NW
5) Highway NH-17 Edapally-Panawal at about 6 Km on west
6) Airport Bajpe (Mangalore) at about 3.5 Km in the south east
direction
7) Sea Port NMPT, Mangalore at about 6.4 Km towards SW
8) Forest/Wildlife Sanctuary Pilikula Nisarga Dhama (Biological Park)
9) Project Site A total land area of 40.07 acres leased for the
proposed manufacturing facility is in possession of
Mangalore SEZL, notified by Ministry of Commerce &
Industries
The satellite image showing the project site and the map indicating the proposed site are
represented in Figure 2.1. The Google map covering 10 Km radius around the project area
is given in Figure 2.2. The site master plan of MSEZL and the plot plan of Syngene
International Limited are represented in Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4 and enclosed as
Annexure-4 and Annexure-5.
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Figure 2-1 Location Map of the Project Site
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Figure 2-2 Satellite Image of the Project Site (10 Km Radius)
Figure 2-3 MSEZL Site Master Plan Showing the proposed site
SYNGENE
INTERNATIONAL
LIMITED
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Figure 2.3 Layout of the project site
Northern Side Western Side
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Eastern Side Southern Side
Figure 2-4 Site Photos
2.4 Size or Magnitude of operation
The proposed facility is for manufacturing APIs, Intermediates and Agrochemicals. The
details of proposed products and capacities are given in Table 2.3.
Table 2-3 Details of Proposed products and capacities
S.No Product Names
Quantity(TPA)
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
1. SAPI 01 Elobixibat 6
2. SAPI 02 ACH3102 1
3. SAPI 03 ACH3422 2
4. SAPI 04 AQX1125 2
5. SAPI 05 Dibenzofuran boronate ester 9
6. SAPI 06 CR5658 2
7. SAPI 07 SNS-4229 pyrazine 3
8. SAPI 08 DNDI-0690 Step-5 3
9. SAPI 09 CR4056 6
10. SAPI 10 CR6320 3
11. SAPI 11 APR-246 3
12. SAPI 12 ACH-0144471 4
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S.No Product Names
Quantity(TPA)
13. SAPI 13 DNDI-8219 9
14. SAPI 14 G510037 3
15. SAPI 15 Butanoic Acid 3
16. SAPI 16 Oxathiepine carboxylate derivative 3
17. SAPI 17 PF-114 Mesylate 6
18. SAPI 18 Quinoline derivative 3
19. SAPI 19 EC0475 4
20. SAPI 20 Cyclene ester 4
21. SAPI 21 Hydroxymethyl trihydrofuran 9
22. SAPI 22 Indolpiperidone carboxylate 2
23. SAPI 23 Methylpyrrolidine hydrochloride 4
24. SAPI 24 Methoxyphenyl oxetane 4
TOTAL 98
INTERMEDIATES- Pharma /Non-Pharma
1. SINT 01 Carboxamide 7
2. SINT 02 Pyrazole carboxieamide dimer 10
3. SINT 03 Acetyl-L-Alaninate 30
4. SINT 04 CR4056 3
5. SINT 05 BCX2501 10
6. SINT 06 BCX2502 20
7. SINT 07 CR6320 3
8. SINT 08 Benzyl chloro pyrimidine derivative 10
9. SINT 09 CR4056 20
10. SINT 10 DNDI-8219 5
11. SINT 11 Acetamide Tetrahydrobenzothiadizepene
10
12. SINT 12 DNDI-0690 20
13. SINT 13 Tetramethyl Hydopyran 5
14. SINT 14 Pyran-3-Carboxamide 10
15. SINT 15 Moc-Val-Pro 30
16. SINT 16 Aniline Derivative 5
17. SINT 17 Dibromo pyrazine 10
18. SINT 18 Boc Pyrolidine 30
19. SINT 19 Tetrahydrobenzothiadizepene acetate 5
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S.No Product Names
Quantity(TPA)
20. SINT 20 Itaconic acid ester 10
21. SINT 21 Allyl derivative 10
22. SINT 22 Benzyl indanone 7
23. SINT 23 Indanone derivative 10
24. SINT 24 Isophthalate derivative 10
TOTAL 290
Agro Chemicals
1. SAIG 01 Q8U80 100
2. SAIG 02 MOAT 100
3. SAIG 03 RAB55 15
4. SAIG 04 RDS63 15
5. SAIG 05 AB01 15
6. SAIG 06 RON94 20
7. SAIG 07 QEK31 20
8. SAIG 08 SNG59 20
9. SAIG 09 F4106 15
Total 320
2.5 Details of Alternative sites considered
Syngene International Limited has made an MoU agreement with Mangalore SEZL for a land
area of 40.07 acres, located within the industrial area where other industrial activities have
already been established and some are yet to come up. It is provided with sufficient water
and power supply. It has well established infrastructure, transportation and communication
networks. The site is well connected to national highway, NMPT- a well established harbor
and airport. Therefore there is no need for the consideration of an alternative site.
2.6 Project Cost
The total investment proposed for the site is approximately Rs. 650 Crores (USD 100
Million) in various phases to ensure adequate match and time-gap between projected
investment and revenue accretion. In Phase I of the project, an investment of approximately
Rs. 250crores excluding the land and the other site development requirements will be made.
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2.7 Process Description
The process details of all the products are attached as Annexure-6.
2.8 Resource Requirements
2.8.1 Raw materials
The list of raw materials and MSDS are provided as Annexure-7 and Annexure-8. List of
solvents and tank details are given below table 2-4.
Table 2-4 List of Solvents
Sl.
No
Ta
nk Contents
Volume
(KL)
Height
(H)
Diameter
(D)
Flowrate(m3
/Hr)
Velocity(
m/s)
1 T1 IsopropylAlcohol 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2
2 T2 Cyclohexane 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2
3 T3 Acetone 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2
4 T4 DichloroMethane 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2
5 T5 DichloroMethane 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2
6 T6 Methanol 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2
7 T7 THF 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2
8 T8 N-Heptane 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2
9 T9 Toluene 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2
10 T10 EthylAcetate 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2
As per the standard philosophy and as per the solvent used equipments/reactors will be
provided with primary condenser, Secondary condenser and sub coolers as needed to
control VOC. Solvent recovery plan is attached as Annexure – 14.
2.8.2 Land Requirement
The total area occupied by Syngene International Limited for the proposed manufacturing
facility is 162256.25Sqm. The land use breakup of the industry is as given in Table 2.5.
Table 2-5 Land use break up details
S.No. Component Area in Sq.m Area in %
1. Proposed Ground
Coverage area
62796.17 38.70
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2. Proposed Future
Ground Coverage
area
63777.67 39.30
3. Green Belt area 7512.46 4.63
4. Parking 6015.90 3.70
5. Roads and
Pavements
22195.52 13.67
Total 162256.25 100.00
2.8.3 Water Requirement
The total quantity of water required for the proposed project is 1078 KLD. This water
requirement is met by MSEZL from Nethravathi and Gurupur river. The break up
consumption of water is presented in Table 2.6.
Table 2-6 Water Consumption for the Project
S.No. Requirement Quantity (KLD)
API Intermediates -
Pharma /Non-
Pharma
Agrochemicals
1 Process 40 32 9
2 Washing 35 26 6
3 Domestic 28 9
4 Boiler feed 173
5 Cooling tower 720
6 Green Belt 33
Total (API + Intermediate
+Agrochemicals)
1111
Total Fresh water
requirement
1078
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2.8.4 Power Requirement
The power required for the project will be sourced from MSEZ. DG sets will act as the
standby facilities and will be utilized in case of power failures. The details of power
requirement and backup power facilities are given in Table 2.7.
Table 2-7 Power and Energy Requirement
Details Capacity Source
Power Requirement 6000 kvA MSEZ
Power Back Up 2 generators each of 3000 kvA
capacity
DG
Furnace Oil fired
boiler
10, 000 kg/hr HPCL, BPCL
2.8.5 Manpower Requirement
The Total manpower requirement is 811, out of that 622 personnel will be hired for API and
Intermediates and 189 personnel for agrochemicals unit.
2.8.6 Infrastructure facilities during construction & operation Phase
The sanitation and restroom are provided to the labor force during the construction phase.
During operation phase the office room, rest room and canteen are provided to the
employees. The site layout plan is attached in annexure 4 for the location.
2.9 Pollution Control Measures Proposed
2.9.1 Air Pollution & Fugitive Emission Control
The major air pollution sources from the industry are DG sets, boilers and reactors. The DG
set and boiler sources are provided with stacks of adequate height so as to disperse the
emanating flue gases containing suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen
without affecting the ground level concentrations. The emissions generated from the
reactors are scrubbed out by wet scrubbers. The source of emission, capacity and the
various Air Pollution Control (APC) measures taken are listed in the Table-2.8.
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The Scrubber are attached to control the fugitive emissions & the details are attached in
Annexure -12, the process flow diagram is enclosed in Annexure-13.
Table 2-8 Air Pollution Control Measures
2.9.2 Odour Control
To odour has been controlled with proper mitigative measures. One of the scrubber details
are enclosed in Annexure -12.
2.9.3 Noise Pollution
The major source of noise pollution in the industry is DG sets, boilers and reactors. DG sets
are provided with integral acoustic enclosures. Also the ambient noise levels will be ensured
within the ambient standards by inbuilt design of mechanical equipment and buildings
apart from vegetation along the periphery and at various locations within the industry
premises. The plant will be specifically designed with due consideration on minimizing
noise pollution. Higher noise levels will be felt only near the active working areas and
therefore the workers are provided with personal protective equipment as a safety
measure.
Emission
sources
No s /Capacity APC measures
Boiler 1 Nos (10000 kg/hr) –
Working
1 Nos ( 10000 kg/hr) –
Standby
30 m Stack
DG 3000 kVA x 2 Nos 20m x 2 Stack
Reactors Pharma and Intermediates
- 41Reactors
Agro Chemicals/Non-
Pharma - 21 Reactors
Wet scrubber
API, Intermediates-
Pharma /Non-Pharma –
8 Scrubbers
Agro Chemicals- 4
Scrubbers
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2.9.4 Waste Water treatment and Disposal Details
The high TDS Effluent generated from the process will be subjected to MEE Plant for
treatment and the low TDS effluent will undergo primary and secondary treatment prior to
its disposal to the Common Effluent Treatment Plant of MSEZL.
Sewage will be treated through STP and recycled for green belt development. The source of
waste water, treatment methods and the final disposal of each type of wastewater generated
is appended in the Table-2.9.
Table 2-9 Wastewater Effluent
S.No. Effluent Source Discharge
KLD
Total Treatment
Units
Final
Disposal
point
1 Domestic API 28 37 STP Recycled
to green
belt
Non-API 9
2 Industrial-
High TDS
API 51.7 113.13 MEE
&
ETP
(Primary
and
Secondary)
CETP of
MSEZL
Intermediates 23.3
Agrochemicals 38.13
3 Industrial-
Low TDS
API 35.01 66.76
Pharma /Non-
Pharma
5.7
Agrochemicals 26.04
The MEE, ETP and STP process flow diagrams along with their specifications are attached as
Annexure-9.
2.9.5 Hazardous and Solid waste Management
2.9.5.1 Solid waste management
The source of Municipal solid waste in the industry will be from the domestic use. The
details are given in the following Table 2.10 and 2.11.
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Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste during Construction Phase
Type Quantity Kg/day Disposal
Organic 40.5 MSEZL
Inorganic 49.5 MSEZL
Table 2-11 Municipal Solid Waste during operation Phase
Type Unit (Kg/day) Disposal
API Agro
Chemicals
Organic 125 38 Organic Waste
converter
Sewage sludge 11 Organic Waste
converter
Inorganic 154 47 Authorized
vendor
Total 375
As per CPCB guidelines: MSW per capita/day =0.45
Total Municipal Solid Waste Generated during the operation phase is 375 Kg/day.
2.9.5.2 Hazardous waste Management
The various hazardous waste generated from the process are spent catalyst, spent solvent,
process residues, chemical sludge from the effluent treatment plant and discarded bags
from the raw materials section. This will be stored in a separate hazardous waste storage
area and are disposed off by giving it to the authorized vendors within a stipulated period of
time. The type of hazardous waste and the quantity generated are detailed in the Table-
2.12.
Hazardous waste materials will be properly disposed as per the Hazardous Wastes
(Management, Handling and transboundary Movement) Rules 2008.
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Table 2-12 Hazardous waste
Unit Spent
Solvent
TPD
Process residues
(includes Celite)
TPD
Spent
Catalyst
TPD
ETP
Sludge
TPA
HDPE drums, MS
drums, Fiber
Drums,
Corrugated
sheets
API 40.1 1.2 0.008
15 40,000(No.s)
Intermediates 94.1 1.25 0.06
Agro
Chemical
9.05 0 0.026
Total 143.25 2.45 0.094
Table 2-13 List of Major Industries found within the 10 Km radius study are
S.No. Industries
1 M/s Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited, Panambur
2 M/s Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Baikampady
3 M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Panambur
4 BASF India Ltd., Surathkal
5 M/s ELF Gas India Limited, Baikampady
6 KISCO (Kudremukh Iron and Steel Co) Panambur
7 KIOCL (Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd.)
8 Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd (MRPL), Kuthethur
9 New Mangalore Port Trust
10 Sequent Scientific Ltd. Baikampady
11 Ruchisoya Industries Ltd., Baikampady
12 Rajashri Packagers Pvt. Ltd., Baikampady
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3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Objective
A comprehensive study on the pre-project status of various environmental components viz.,
air, water, noise, soil, hydro geological, land use patterns, ecological, socio-economical,
climate and atmospheric conditions has been conducted prior to implementation of the
proposed project. The primary baseline data has been collected from environmental
monitoring surveys carried out from 3rd week of October to 3rd week of January during the
Post-monsoon season at the 8 selected locations. The understanding towards the prevailing
environmental conditions in the surrounding study area will aid in assessing the possible
significant impacts on the existing environment near the vicinity of the project location and
thereby helps in adopting suitable mitigation measures for the protection and the
sustainability of the environment on account of any change deviation in the environment
due to the proposed anthropogenic activity.
3.2 Scope of Baseline Study
An area, encompassing a 10 Km radial distance from the project site is considered as the
study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. The environmental quality status of the
study area prior to initiation of the project will serve as the baseline for anticipating and
superimposing the possible impacts due to the proposed project and to derive the post-
project status of the environment in the project region.
The various environmental attributes monitored for compiling the environmental baseline
data is presented in the Table 3.1. The frequency and monitoring methodology employed
for the various environmental attributes is given in Table 3.2.
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Table 3-1 Monitoring of various Environmental Attributes
S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data
1. Climatology and
Meteorology
Wind speed, wind direction,
relative humidity, rainfall and
temperature
Indian Meteorological
Department and site
specific information
2. Water Quality Physical and chemical Monitored data
Ground water-8 locations
Surface water-8 locations
3. Ambient Air
Quality
PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, NH3, O3,
CO, Pb, Benzene, Benzo (a)
pyrene, Arsenic and Nickel
Monitored data at 8
locations Within 10 Km
radius
4. Noise levels Noise levels in dB Monitored data at 8
locations
5. Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and
fauna within the study area
Primary Field survey
within 10 Km from the
project site and Secondary
sources
6. Geology Geological characteristics Secondary sources
7. Soil Physical and chemical Analysis of 8 soil samples
8. Socio-economic
aspects
Socio-economic characteristics Based on Field Survey and
data collected from
secondary sources
9. Land use Land use change for different
categories
Within 10 Km radius of the
project site-Secondary
sources
(toposheet/satellite
imagery)
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Table 3-2 Frequency and Monitoring methodologies of environmental parameters Attributes Sampling Measurement
method
Network Frequency
Meteorology
Wind speed, Wind
direction, Relative
humidity, Rainfall,
Temperature
Project site,
Surrounding
area
3 months Weather monitor with
data base
Air Environment
Particulate matter (PM10)
Selected
locations in
the project
study area
24 hourly-twice a
week for three
Months in non-
monsoon season
As per CPCB standards
under 18th November
2009 Notification for
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
Particulate matter
(PM2.5)
Oxides of Sulfur
(SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen
(NOx)
Total Volatile organic
compounds
Hydrocarbons
Benzene
Benzo (a) Pyrene
Lead
Arsenic (As)
Nickel (Ni)
Ammonia (NH3)
Ozone (O3)
Carbon monoxide
Attributes Sampling Measurement
method
Network Frequency
Water Environment
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Parameters for water
quality: pH, temp,
turbidity, Total hardness,
total alkalinity, chloride,
sulphate, nitrate, fluoride,
sodium, potassium,
Electrical Conductivity,
Ammonical nitrogen,
Nitrate-Nitrogen total
phosphorus, BOD, COD,
Calcium, Magnesium,
Total Dissolved Solids,
Total Suspended Solids
Set of grab
samples at
requisite
locations for
ground and
surface water
Once
Samples for water
quality collected and
analyzed as per IS :
2488 (Part 1-5)
methods for sampling
and testing of
Industrial effluents
Standard methods for
examination of water
and wastewater
analysis published by
American Public
Health Association.
Soil Environment
Parameter for soil quality:
pH, texture, electrical
conductivity, organic
matter, nitrogen,
phosphate, sodium,
calcium, potassium and
Magnesium.
Requisite soil
samples be
collected as
per BIS
specification
within project
influence area
Once
Biological Environment
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Terrestrial and Aquatic
Flora and Fauna
Requisite
locations in
the project
influence area
Once
Noise Environment
Noise levels Requisite
locations in
the project
influence area
Once
Instrument: Noise
level meter
3.3 Micrometeorology
The study of micro-meteorological conditions in the study area during air quality study
period is of utmost importance in order to understand the variations in ambient air quality
status in study region. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a crucial role in
transport and dispersion of air pollutants released from the plant. The principal variables
are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed and directions), convective
transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability) and also topography of the area as
local influences.
For determining the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, an
automatic continuous digital weather station was installed at project site. The location is
chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly
meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and solar radiation were
recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on 8 hourly as well as 24
hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to draw wind rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16
hrs, 16-24 hrs and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent
sections.
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3.3.1 Wind direction and wind direction
Figure 3.1, Wind distribution pattern depicts that the predominant wind is from E, SE and
ESE to W, NW and WNW during day time (land breeze) while the predominant wind
direction is from W, NW and WNW to E, SE and ESE (sea breeze) during night time.
From Figure 3.2 in the wind rose diagram plotted for annual data obtained from IMD, it can
be observed that the wind speed ranges from 8-17 kmph. The predominant wind directions
during all the months of the year are tabulated in Table 3.3.
Table 3-3 Wind Direction
(IMD Source)
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Figure 3-1 Wind direction distribution pattern
(Source-Wind finder- Annual data)
Day Time Night Time
Figure 3-2 Wind rose diagram of Dakshina Kannada
3.3.2 Temperature
Table 3.4 shows that monthly mean of daily maximum temperature ranges from 28.5 to
32.5°C and monthly mean daily minimum varies from 21.7 to 24.5°C. Extreme highest
temperature is observed in different months varying from 31.7°C in September to 37.8°C in
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February while the monthly extreme lowest varies from 16.7°C in December, January and
February to 20.6°C in July and August.
Table 3-4 Temperature and Relative Humidity data
Source: IMD-Dakshina Kannada Bajpe
3.3.3 Relative Humidity
Monthly mean humidity varies from 69% in December to 91% in July and August during the
day time. It ranges from 61% in January to 88% in July.
3.3.4 Rainfall
78% of the total annual rainfall will be observed in the months of June to August, 16% in
September to November and remaining 6% in the months of December to May.
3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
The major objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the
area. Formulation of baseline Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) data of the study area occupies a
significant role in the Environmental Impact Assessment studies in assessing the conformity
to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the
proposed project.
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3.4.1 Reconnaissance
The predominant monsoon winds persisting in India dictates the transport and dispersion
of air pollutants during different seasons. As per the climatological conditions prevailing in
India, the seasons accounted for carrying out air pollution studies are winter, summer and
post-monsoon seasons.
A preliminary survey was conducted at 8 AAQM locations (within the radius of 10 Kms) that
were chosen based on the well-designed ambient air quality stations network. The baseline
status of air environment has been assessed through ambient air quality monitoring
(AAQM) network covering 8 sampling locations considered based on the following criteria:
Micrometeorological conditions-Persistence of wind direction and speed,
atmospheric stability
Predominant upwind and downwind directions
Identification of regional background
Location of industries, their emission magnitude and topography of the study
area.
Determination of sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, thickly populated
residential localities.
Consideration of all the major conventional air pollution parameters as per latest
NAAQS(National Ambient Air Quality Standards)
An intensive monitoring was carried out as per CPCB guidelines (twice a week sampling and
24 hour continuous sampling) to generate the baseline monitoring status of air environment
within the study area during the period of October 2015 to January 2016. The ambient air quality has been monitored for all the parameters as per NAAQ S notified on 16th September, 2009. The major air pollutants monitored on 24 hourly basis
are, Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5 µg/m3), Sulfur dioxide and oxides of Nitrogen.
Sampling and analysis of the above variables is according to the guidelines of Central
Pollution Control Board. The details of sampling locations selected for ambient air quality
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monitoring and their distances and directions from the plant site are presented in Table 3.5
and Figure 3.3.
Figure 3-3 Map Showing AAQ Monitoring Locations in study area (10 Km Radius)
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Table 3-5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
S.No. Sampling
Stations
Samples Geographical
Coordinates
Direction
with
respect to
site
Aerial
distance
from the
site in
(Km)
Environmental
Setting
1 Project site AAQ1 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.8"
Long- E 074ᵒ51'31.7"
--- --- Industrial Area
2 Baikampady AAQ2 Lat- N 12°56'51.4"
Long- E 74°49'17.6"
SW 5.60 Industrial Area
3 Hosabettu AAQ3 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'23.2"
Long- E 074ᵒ48'38.0"
W 4.76 Residential Area
4 Paduperar AAQ4 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.2"
Long- E 074ᵒ54'18.8"
E 5.10 Residential Area
5 Kateel Yekkar AAQ5 Lat- N 13ᵒ01'39.6"
Long- E 074ᵒ52'01.8"
NE 6.40 Residential Area
6 Kalavar AAQ6 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'44.6"
Long- E 074ᵒ51'13.7"
W 0.80 Residential Area
7 Kuttethur AAQ7 Lat- N 13ᵒ00'19.3"
Long- E 074ᵒ50'53.2"
W 2.46 Residential Area
8 Permude AAQ8 Lat- N 13ᵒ00'06.8"
Long- E 074ᵒ52'53.8"
E 3.00 Residential Area
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PROJECT SITE HOSABETTU
PADUPERAR KATEEL
KALAVAR PERMUDE
Figure 3-4 Photographs of monitoring at the site
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3.4.2 Baseline Status
National Ambient Air Quality Standards and test methods are given in Table 3.6.
Table 3-6Test Methods used for the analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters
S.No. Pollutants Analytical method
NAAQ Standards: 2009
Time
Weighted
Average
Concentration in
Ambient air-
Industrial,
Residential, Rural
and Other Areas
1 Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2 , μg/m3
IS:5182(Part-2):2001
(Reaff:2006)
Annual
24 Hours
50
80
2 Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2 , μg/m3
IS: 5182 (Part - 6):
2006
Annual
24 Hours
40
80
3 Particulate Matter PM . , μg/m3
IS: 5182 (Part - 23):
2006
Annual
24 Hours
40
100
4 Particulate Matter PM , μg/m3
HECS/AIR/Ambient/S
OP011
Annual
24 Hours
60
60
5 CO μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–10):1999
(Reaff:2006)
8 Hours
1 Hour
2
4
6 Pb μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–22):2004
(Reaff:2006)
Annual
24 Hours
0.5
1.0
7 O , μg/m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S
OP013
8 Hours
1 Hour
100
180
8 N( , μg/m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S
OP012
Annual
24 Hours
100
400
9 Benzene, μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–11):1999
(RA:2009)
Annual 5
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S.No. Pollutants Analytical method
NAAQ Standards: 2009
Time
Weighted
Average
Concentration in
Ambient air-
Industrial,
Residential, Rural
and Other Areas
10 Benzo (a) pyrene,
ng/m3
IS:5182(Part–
12):2004(RA:2009)
Annual 1
11 Arsenic, ng/ m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S
OP014
Annual 6
12 Nickel, ng/ m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S
OP007
Annual 20
G.S.No.826 (E) dated 16th November, 2009. Vide letter no. F. No. Q-15017/43/2007-CPW
*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken
twice in a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
**24 hourly/8/1 hourly monitored values as applicable, shall be complied with 98 percent of
the time in a year.2% of time they may be exceeded the limits but not on two consecutive days
of monitoring.
3.4.3 Results and Observations
The existing baseline levels of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur
dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), CO (µg/m3), Pb (µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a)
pyrene, As and Ni at 8 locations of monitoring were found to be within the permissible
limits during the monitoring period from October to January and are presented in Table
3.7.
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Table 3-71 Average Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data (October to January, 2016)
S.No Sampling
Locations
Parameters
SO2
µg/m3
NO2
µg/m3
PM10
µg/m3
PM2.5
µg/m3
CO
μg/m3
Pb
μg/m3
O3
μg/m3
NH3
μg/m3
Benzene
μg/m3
Benzo
(a)
pyrene
ng/m3
As
ng/m3
Ni
ng/m3
1) AAQ1 12 19 65.29 25.85 BDL
(DL1.145)
BDL
(DL0.5)
BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL(D
L1.0)
2) AAQ2 16.14 20 72.85 29.71 BDL
(DL1.145)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL10)
BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DLs1.
0)
3) AAQ3 10 15 51.71 23.57 BDL
(DL1.145)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL(DL
0.5) BDL(DL
1.0) BDL(D
L 1.0)
4) AAQ4 14 19 66.14 25.42 BDL
(DL1.145)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL(D
L1.0)
5) AAQ5 11.57 16 55.38 25.38 BDL
(DL1.14
5)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL
10)
BDL
(DL
10)
BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL(D
L1.0)
6) AAQ6 11.53 17 46.85 27.14 BDL
(DL1.145)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL(D
L1.0)
7) AAQ7 12.14 16 51.14 24.42 BDL
(DL1.145)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL10) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL(D
L1.0)
8) AAQ8 10.71 15 50 25.99 BDL
(DL1.14
5)
BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL
10)
BDL
(DL
10)
BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL0.5) BDL
(DL 1.0) BDL
(DL
1.0)
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3.5 Noise Environment
The noise generated due to operation of individual process units at an industrial project
site cause significant impacts on the surrounding environment including nearby human
habitats. Such operations fall in the category of continuous point sources of noise
generation. There are also some secondary noise sources associated with almost all types
of large scale industrial projects, which are mainly vehicles used for transportation of
materials as well as employees and material handling equipment at the project site.
However, such sources could be categorized as intermittent/continuous noise sources
depending on frequency/intensity.
The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant
(total) of all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The
ambient noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding
activities. The ambient noise levels generally does not reflect any seasonal variation,
however, the weather conditions of wind direction, rain, snow, fog etc., physical conditions
like barrier or any other natural ground variations (Topography) as well as direction of
source play significant role in regulating the noise propagation and ultimately the intensity
of its impact.
The current status of noise environment within 10 km radius of the project site was
assessed through identification of major noise sources, monitoring of baseline noise levels
in the study area and measurement of resultant noise levels due to existing vehicular
movement on major roads, according to existing land use pattern.
3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey
A reconnaissance survey was conducted with a view to establish the baseline status of the
environment with respect to noise levels in the study area. The Project site is in MSEZL
area.
The prime objective of noise monitoring is to establish the existing ambient noise levels
during the day as well as night time in residential, industrial, commercial and silence zones
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in the study area around proposed site. The terrain of project site as well as in the
surrounding impact zone is highly undulated with hilly terrain and the area is under the
influence of noise generated by heavy traffic on highways as well as from commercial
activities in the individual villages.
A primary survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The
sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry, residential
are, highways and institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are shown in Table
3.8 and Figure 3.5. The prevailing ambient noise levels were monitored using precision
noise level meter in and around 10Km distance in 8 locations during October to January
2016. The CPCB standards are given Table 3.9 and the results are given in Table 3.10.
Figure 3-5 Noise Monitoring locations
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Table 3-8 Details of noise monitoring locations
Location
Code
Sampling
Stations
Geographical
Coordinates
Direction
With
respect to
project site
Distance
with
respect
to
project
site in
Km
Environmental
Setting
N1 Project Site
Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.8"
Long- E
074ᵒ51'31.7"
---
---
Industrial Area
N2 Baikampady
Lat- N 12°56'51.4"
Long- E
74°49'17.6"
SW 5.60 Industrial Area
N3 Hosabettu
Lat- N 12ᵒ58'23.2"
Long- E
074ᵒ48'38.0"
W 4.76 Residential
Area
N4 Paduperar
Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.2"
Long- E
074ᵒ54'18.8"
E 5.10 Residential
Area
N5 Soorinje
Lat- N 13ᵒ01'39.6"
Long- E
074ᵒ52'01.8"
NE 6.40 Residential
Area
N6 Kateel Yekkar
Lat- N 12ᵒ58'44.6"
Long- E
074ᵒ51'13.7"
W 0.80 Residential
Area
N7 Kalavar Lat- N 13ᵒ00'19.3"
Long- E
074ᵒ50'53.2"
W 2.46 Residential
Area
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N8 Kuttethur Lat- N 13ᵒ00'06.8"
Long- E
074ᵒ52'53.8"
E 3.00 Residential
Area
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Table 3-9 Ambient Noise Quality Standards (CPCB Limits)
Category of Area/ Zone Limits in dB (A) Leq
Day Time Night Time
Industrial Area 75 70
Commercial Area 65 55
Residential Area 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40
Table 3-10 Noise Monitoring Results
Location
Code
Sampling
Stations
Environmental Setting Noise Level
[dB (A)]
Day Night
N1 Project Site
Industrial Area 60 58
N2 Baikampady
Industrial Area 72 63
N3 Hosabettu
Residential Area 53.5 40.9
N4 Paduperar
Residential Area 53.1 41.4
N5 Kateel Yekkar
Residential Area 54.7 40.7
N6 Kalavar
Residential Area 51.4 40.6
N7 Kuttethur
Residential Area
50.2 40.0
N8 Permude
Residential Area 52.1 42.1
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3.5.2 Inference
The field observations during the study period indicated that the ambient noise levels in
the study area were well within the prescribed standards at all the different noise zones
prescribed by CPCB.
3.6 Water Environment
Industrialization at any region is contingent on the availability of sufficient water resources
as there would be a continuous requirement of water for various industrial activities. The
potential for exploitation and contamination of either or both surface and ground water
resources in the project area would increase through discharge of effluents. In order to
identify the possible impacts on water environment in the study area due to the major
industrial development project, the available water resources have been collected and
analyzed to assess the existing quality to represent the baseline status of water
environment
The significant representative sampling locations for ground water and surface water are
chosen through reconnaissance of project area to determine the pre-project status of the
water quality in the study area. Physico-chemical, nutrient, Oxygen demand, bacteriological
and biological parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are
selected to assess the water quality status with special attention to raw water resources
and the receiving body of the treated effluent discharge from proposed project. The
standard methods prescribed for surface, groundwater and coastal marine water sampling
as well as the analytical procedures for individual parameters is followed in this study.
3.6.1 Surface Water Resources
The study area consists of the gurupura/Phalguni river in the southern region, Arabian sea
in the western part and the Pavanje/Nandini river in the northwestern part from the
project site. As the Baikampady Industrial estate lies in the southwestern region, the
representative surface water sampling locations in the southern and south west direction
have been chosen. In order to have an idea of the quality of water flowing in the region,
representative water samples were collected and analyzed according to the drinking water
standards.
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3.6.2 Ground water resources
Ground water is the accumulation of water below the ground surface, caused by rainfall
and its subsequent percolation through pores and crevices. Percolated water accumulates
till it reaches the impervious strata consisting of confined clay/rocks. Occurrence of ground
water is controlled by landform, structure and lithology. These resources are
predominantly exploited in most of the nearby villages only for domestic and agricultural
purposes. Ground water abstraction is by means of bore wells.
3.6.3 Reconnaissance
To establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing representative sampling
locations for surface water and ground water within a radial distance of 10 Km radial from
the site, have been selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an
adequate survey of the project area.
The project region falls in coastal humid agro climatic zone with predominant rainfall
occurring during the southwest monsoon season (June to September).The prevailing status
of water quality at eight sampling locations each for ground water and surface water has
been assessed during October to January.
Grab samples were collected once during the study period. Physico-chemical and
microbiological parameters have been analyzed to establish the baseline status of surface
water and ground water resources in the study area. Methods as per IS (IS 10500:2012)
and APHA were adopted for analysis of these parameters. The sampling protocol specified in the Guidelines for Water Quality Management , of CPCB was followed for sampling, preservation and transport of samples to the lab.
The locations of the sampling points are depicted in Figure-3.6 and Figure-3.7 and details
of representative water sampling locations are also tabulated in Table-3.11.
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Figure 3-6 Ground Water monitoring locations
Figure 3-7 Surface water Monitoring location
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Table 3-11 Details of Surface and Ground Water Sampling Locations
Sample
Code
Sampling
Locations
Geographical
Coordinates
Direction with
respect to
Project Site
Aerial
distance
from
project site
in Km
Ground Water
SW1 Kateel-Nandini
River: Upstream
Lat- N 13ᵒ02'40.8"
Long- E 74ᵒ52'16.3"
NE 6.4
SW2 Kateel-Nandini
River:Downstream
Lat- N 13ᵒ02'31.3"
Long- E 74ᵒ52'01.6"
NE 5.60
SW3 Kasba Bengre-
Phalguni River-
Upstream
Lat- N 12ᵒ51'58.3"
Long- E 74ᵒ49'24.3"
SW 9.00
SW4 Kasba Bengre
Phalguni River-
Downstream
Lat- N 12ᵒ51'17.8"
Long- E 74ᵒ49'41.6"
SW 8.40
SW5 Malavoor
Phalguni River-
Upstream
Lat- N 12ᵒ56'26.2"
Long- E 74ᵒ51'54.4"
SW 4.5
SW6 Malavoor
Phalguni River-
Downstream
Lat- N 12ᵒ56'15.4"
Long- E74ᵒ51'24.2"
W 3.90
SW7 Kulai-Baggundi
lake
Lat- N 12ᵒ57'46.4"
Long- E 74ᵒ49'16.8"
SW 5.50
SW8 Panambur Beach Lat- N 12ᵒ57'28.3"
Long- E 74ᵒ47'59.6"
SW 7.00
Ground Water
GW1 Hosabettu Lat- N 12ᵒ58'21.9"
Long- E 74ᵒ48'37.6"
W 4.76
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Sample
Code
Sampling
Locations
Geographical
Coordinates
Direction with
respect to
Project Site
Aerial
distance
from
project site
in Km
GW2 Paduperar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.7"
Long- E 74ᵒ54'18.9"
E 5.10
GW3 Kateel Yekkar Lat- N 13ᵒ01'39.6"
Long- E 74ᵒ52'01.9"
NE 6.40
GW4 Bajpe Lat- N 12ᵒ58'44.6"
Long- E 74ᵒ54'00.5"
SE 4.70
GW5 Kalavar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'50.0"
Long- E 74ᵒ51'01.5"
W 0.8
GW6 Soorinje Lat- N 13ᵒ01'17.6"
Long- E 74ᵒ50'09.2"
NW 5.40
GW7 Jokatte Lat- N 12ᵒ58'10.7"
Long- E 74ᵒ50'58.7"
SW 2.50
GW8 Baikampady Lat- N 12°56'51.0"
Long- E 74°49'17.9"
SW 5.60
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 84
EIA REPORT
Kateel-Nandini River Upstream Kateel-Nandini River Downstream
Kasba Bengre- Gurupur River Upstream Malavoor- Gurupur River Downstream
Hosabettu Kalavar
The physicochemical and biological characteristics of surface water and ground water in
the study area and the methods used for water quality assessment are presented in the
Table-3.12 and are compared with the Indian standards/specifications for drinking water.
Table 3-12 Test Methods used for analysis of water quality parameters
S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Limits as per IS 10500: 2012
Acceptable
Limit
Permissible
Limit
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 85
EIA REPORT
S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Limits as per IS 10500: 2012
Acceptable
Limit
Permissible
Limit
1) Color Hazen IS 3025 (Part-4) 1983
(Reaff 2006)
5 15
2) Odor - IS 3025 (Part 5) 1983
(Reaff 2006)
Agreeable Agreeable
3) pH at 25ᵒC - IS 3025(Part 11)
1983(Reaff 2006)
6.5-8.5 No
Relaxation
4) Electrical
Conductivity
µS/cm IS 3025 (Part 14) 1983
(Reaff 2006)
5) Turbidity NTU IS 3025 (Part10) 1984
(Reaff 2006)
1 5
6) Total
Dissolved
Solids
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 16)
1984(Reaff 2006)
500 2000
7) Total
Hardness as
CaCO3
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 21) 1983
(Reaff 2006)
200 600
8) Total
Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 23) 1986
(Reaff 2009)
200 600
9) Chloride as
Cl
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 32) 1988
(Reaff 2009)
250 1000
10) Sulfate as
SO4
mg/l IS 3025(Part 24)
1986(Reaff 2009)
200 400
11) Fluoride as F mg/l IS 3025 (Part 60) 2008 1.0 1.5
12) Nitrate as
NO3
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 34)
45 No
relaxation
13) Phosphate
as PO4
mg/l IS 3025 (Part31) 1988
14) Sodium as
Na
mg/l IS 3025(Pt 45) 1993
(Reaff 2006)
15) Potassium as
K
mg/l IS 3025 (Part45) 1993
(Reaff 2006)
16) Calcium as
Ca
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 40) 1991
(Reaff 2009)
75 200
17) Magnesium
as Mg
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 46) 1994
(Reaff 2009)
30 100
18) Iron as Fe mg/l IS 3025 (Part 53) 2003
(Reaff 2009)
0.3 No
relaxation
19) Chemical
Oxygen
Demand
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 86
EIA REPORT
S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Limits as per IS 10500: 2012
Acceptable
Limit
Permissible
Limit
20) Aluminium
as Al
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 55) 2003
(Reaff 2009)
0.03 0.2
21) Cyanide as
CN
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 27) 1986
(Reaff 2009)
0.05 No
relaxation
22) Iron as Fe mg/l IS 3025 (Part 53) 2003
(Reaff 2009)
0.3 No
relaxation
23) Boron as B mg/l IS 3025 (Part 57) 2003
(Reaff 2009)
0.5 1.0
24) Zinc as Zn mg/l IS 3025(Part 49) 1994
(Reaff 2009)
5 15
25) Chromium
as Cr
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 52) 2003
(Reaff 2009)
0.05 No
relaxation
26) BOD 3 days
@ 27ᵒC
mg/l IS 3025 (Part 44) 1993
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 87
EIA REPORT
Table 3-13 Ground water analysis results
S.No Parameters Unit Hosabettu
GW1
Paduperar
GW2
Kateel
Yekkar
GW3
Bajpe
GW4
Kalavar
GW5
Soorinje
GW6
Jokatte
GW7
Baikampady
GW8
1 Color Hazen BDL
(DL 1.0)
BDL
(DL 1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL 1.0)
BDL
(DL 1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
2 Turbidity NTU BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL
(DL
0.1)
BDL
(DL
0.1)
BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL
(DL
0.1)
BDL(DL 0.1)
3 pH -- 6.69 6.58 7.84 7.69 7.1 6.74 6.44 6.09
4 Electrical
Conductivity
µS/cm 68 114 221 152 131 136 248 189
5 Total dissolved
solids
mg/l 47 70 150 92 94 92 130 101
6 Total alkalinity
as CaCO3
mg/l 12 18 78 36 42 32 36 18
7 Total Hardness
as CaCO3
mg/l 29 31 84 46 50 47 46 26
8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 2.8 8.4 18.4 13.2 10.4 8.4 10.4 6.4
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 88
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Hosabettu
GW1
Paduperar
GW2
Kateel
Yekkar
GW3
Bajpe
GW4
Kalavar
GW5
Soorinje
GW6
Jokatte
GW7
Baikampady
GW8
9 Magnesium as
Mg
mg/l 5.1 2.4 9.1 3.1 5.8 6.2 4.8 2.4
10 Sodium mg/l 6 7 8 8 5 9 21 19
11 Potassium mg/l 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3
12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 17.5 21.3 14 12.2 17.4 24.8 37.8 32
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 2.3 5.5 3.8 7.4 5.4 2.7 5.6 8.1
14 Carbonate mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
15 Bi carbonate mg/l 14.6 21.9 95.2 43.9 51.2 39 43.9 21.9
16 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.3 BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL(D
L 1.0)
BDL(D
L 1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
44.1 44
17 Fluorides as F mg/l BDL (DL
0.2)
BDL (DL
0.2)
0.47 0.26 BDL (DL
0.2)
BDL (DL
0.2)
BDL
(DL
0.2)
BDL (DL 0.2)
18 Cyanide mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 89
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Hosabettu
GW1
Paduperar
GW2
Kateel
Yekkar
GW3
Bajpe
GW4
Kalavar
GW5
Soorinje
GW6
Jokatte
GW7
Baikampady
GW8
19 Arsenic mg/l BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
20 Cadmium mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
21 Chromium(Total) mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
22 Copper mg/l BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL(D
L 0.01)
BDL(D
L
0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01
)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL(D
L 0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
23 Iron mg/l 0.98 0.53 0.03 0.91 0.52 3.1 0.33 0.24
24 Lead mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 90
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Hosabettu
GW1
Paduperar
GW2
Kateel
Yekkar
GW3
Bajpe
GW4
Kalavar
GW5
Soorinje
GW6
Jokatte
GW7
Baikampady
GW8
25 Zinc mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
26 Manganese mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
27 Nickel mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
28 Selenium mg/l BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDLn(
DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
29 Mercury mg/l BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL
(DL
0.001)
BDL
(DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL
(DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
30 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 91
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Hosabettu
GW1
Paduperar
GW2
Kateel
Yekkar
GW3
Bajpe
GW4
Kalavar
GW5
Soorinje
GW6
Jokatte
GW7
Baikampady
GW8
31 COD mg/l BDL (DL
4.0)
BDL (DL
4.0)
BDL
(DL
4.0)
BDL
(DL
4.0)
BDL (DL
4.0)
BDL (DL
4.0)
BDL
(DL
4.0)
BDL (DL 4.0)
32 BOD mg/l BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL (DL 1.0)
3.6.4 Inference-Ground Water
The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.09-7.84, TDS ranges from 47-101 mg/l,
Total hardness ranges from 26-84 mg/l, Iron content ranges from 0.03-3.1 mg/l, nitrate content ranges from BDL (DL 1.0)-
44.1 mg/l. The analysis results are presented in Table 3.14.
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 92
EIA REPORT
Table 3-14 Surface water analysis results
S.No Parameters Unit Kateel-
Nandini
Upstream
SW1
Kateel
Nandini
downstream
SW2
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW3
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Downstream
SW4
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW5
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Downstrea
m
SW6
Kulai
Baggun
di Lake
SW7
Pana
mbur
Beach
SW8
1 Color Hazen BDL(DL
1.0)
BDL (DL 1.0) BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL (DL 1.0) BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL
1.0)
2 Turbidity NTU BDL(DL
0.1)
BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL (DL 0.1) BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL
(DL
0.1)
BDL
(DL
0.1)
3 pH -- 6.54 7.03 7.64 7.74 6.93 6.62 6.24 7.93
4 Electrical
Conductivity
µS/c
m
37 45 22700 22900 122 418 339 4180
0
5 Total
dissolved
solids
mg/l 25 31 12315 11400 72 215 190 2080
0
6 Total
alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/l 12 12 75 64 18 12 42 118
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 93
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Kateel-
Nandini
Upstream
SW1
Kateel
Nandini
downstream
SW2
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW3
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Downstream
SW4
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW5
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Downstrea
m
SW6
Kulai
Baggun
di Lake
SW7
Pana
mbur
Beach
SW8
7 Total
Hardness as
CaCO3
mg/l 11 14 3280 3450 40 70 80 6240
8 Calcium as
Ca
mg/l 2.8 3.2 336 232 4 6 16 336
9 Magnesium
as Mg
mg/l 0.9 1.4 585 688 7.2 13.2 9.6 1296
10 Sodium mg/l 2 3 3040 2530 11 47 33 5300
11 Potassium mg/l 1 1 305 222 1 6 2 320
12 Chloride as
Cl
mg/l 3.8 6.8 7269.4 6453.2 21.4 92.2 60.7 1181
0.9
13 Sulphate as
SO4
mg/l 1.9 2.1 678.2 564.7 4.4 26.3 19.4 826.8
14 Carbonate mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
15 Bi carbonate mg/l 14.6 14.6 91.5 78.1 21.9 14.6 51.2 143.9
16 Nitrate as
NO3
mg/l 7.92 7.02 7.12 4.78 6.96 7.7 3.3 1.02
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 94
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Kateel-
Nandini
Upstream
SW1
Kateel
Nandini
downstream
SW2
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW3
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Downstream
SW4
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW5
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Downstrea
m
SW6
Kulai
Baggun
di Lake
SW7
Pana
mbur
Beach
SW8
17 Fluorides as
F
mg/l BDL (DL
0.2)
BDL (DL 0.2) BDL (DL
0.2)
BDL (DL 0.2) BDL (DL
0.2)
BDL (DL
0.2)
0.32 BDL
(DL
0.2)
18 Cyanide mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
19 Arsenic mg/l BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005
)
20 Cadmium mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
21 Chromium(T
otal)
mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 95
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Kateel-
Nandini
Upstream
SW1
Kateel
Nandini
downstream
SW2
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW3
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Downstream
SW4
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW5
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Downstrea
m
SW6
Kulai
Baggun
di Lake
SW7
Pana
mbur
Beach
SW8
22 Copper mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
23 Iron mg/l 0.29 0.22 0.2 0.35 0.38 0.37 0.21 0.59
24 Lead mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
25 Zinc mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
26 Manganese mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
27 Nickel mg/l BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 96
EIA REPORT
S.No Parameters Unit Kateel-
Nandini
Upstream
SW1
Kateel
Nandini
downstream
SW2
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW3
Kasba
Bengre-
Phalguni
Downstream
SW4
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Upstream
SW5
Malavoor-
Phalguni
Downstrea
m
SW6
Kulai
Baggun
di Lake
SW7
Pana
mbur
Beach
SW8
28 Selenium mg/l BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL (DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005)
BDL
(DL
0.005
)
29 Mercury mg/l BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL (DL
0.001)
BDL
(DL
0.001)
BDL
(DL
0.001
)
30 Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/l 5.6 6.3 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.8
31 COD mg/l 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.1 4.9 4.2 5.1 5.1
32 BOD mg/l 2.4 1.4 1.2 2 1.8 1.3 2.3 2.2
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 97
EIA REPORT
3.6.5 Inference-Surface Water
The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.24-7.93, TDS ranges from 25-20800
mg/l, Total hardness ranges from 11-6240 mg/l, DO ranges from 5.5-6.3 mg/l. The analysis results are presented in Table
3.14.
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 98
EIA REPORT
3.7 Ground water Scenario
3.7.1 Hydrogeology
Weathered and fractured gneiss, granite and schist are the major water bearing formations.
Alluvial formation of limited thickness and aerial extent is found along the courses of major
rivers. Groundwater occurs under phreatic (water table) condition in weathered zones of
gneiss, schist and granite and under semi-confined to confined conditions in joints and
fractures of these rocks at deeper levels. Weathered and fractured gneiss is the
predominant aquifer found in the district followed by schistose and granitic aquifers, which
occur as isolated patches in some taluks. The hydrogeology of the district is shown in
Figure 3.8.
Figure 3-8 Hydrogeology Map
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 99
EIA REPORT
The depth of water level during pre-monsoon (May 2011) ranges from 4.12 mbgl to 15.2
mbgl during post-monsoon (Nov 2011) it ranges from 0.75 mbgl to 8.65 mbgl (Fig. 3.9).
The seasonal fluctuation data shows that 36.5% of the wells show rise while, 63.5% of the
wells show a fall in water level. The rise in water level ranges from 0.15 m to 16.0 m while,
the fall ranges from 0.65 m to 4.62 m. Analysis of the long-term water level trend in the last
10 years (2001-2010) reveals that 58% of the wells show a rise in water level ranging from
0.014 m to 0.12 m, whereas, the remaining wells (42%) show a fall in the range of 0.01m to
0.19 m.
Figure 3-9 Depth of water level during pre and post monsoon
The groundwater fluctuation between decadal mean (May 2001-2010) and water level in
May 2011 shows rise in water level in about 60% of the area with water level rise in the
range of 0.088 to 3.986m and fall in the range of 0.031 to 1.68m. The groundwater
fluctuation between decadal mean (Nov.2001-2010) and water level in Nov. 2011 shows
rise in water level in about 90% of the area with water level rise in the range of 0.217 to
3.389m and fall in the range of 0.371 to 0.653. (Figure 3.10)
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 100
EIA REPORT
Figure 3-10 Ground water level fluctuation between pre and post Monsoon from 2001 to
2010
3.7.2 Groundwater quality
Groundwater quality is generally good and potable. The specific conductivity of ground
water in the district varies from 70-140 µS/cm at 25°C.
3.7.3 Groundwater related issues and problems
The district receives more than 3000 mm rainfall annually. In spite of good rainfall,
there are certain problems like i). Flooding and coastal erosion ii). Salinity ingress of
coastal aquifers and Inland salinity along river course. iii). Water logging
3.7.4 Flooding and coastal erosion
The problem is in the coastal tract and adjacent the major rivers like Netravathi and
Gurupur rivers due to incessant rains. The problem worsens during high tide time. Though
a complete solution is not possible, construction of a series of check dams across the rivers
and coastal erosion measures along the coast can alleviate this problem during medium
intensity rainfall.
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3.7.5 Salinity ingress of coastal aquifers
Salinity ingress of coastal aquifers and the inland salinity problem along the major river
sides mainly during summer months when seaward fresh water flow in the rivers dwindle
are prevalent on a minor scale. To check the movement of saline water ingression inland
through river and protect the groundwater. Construction of dams across rivers and
streams can reduce the problem. Dams are constructed at many locations already in the
area.
3.7.6 Water logging
The observation well data of CGWB for November 2011 shows an area of limited extent
which has depth to water level with in 2 mbgl. However, in the coastal tract and along the
main rivers groundwater lies within 2 to 5mbgl which can be considered to be prone for water logging . 3.8 Surface water
There are no major or medium irrigation projects in the district. One vented-dam has been
built across the river Netravathi at Tumbe near Mangalore, to cater to the drinking water
need of the town. MI tanks, LI schemes and temporary Mudkattas are the other types of
surface water utility structures.
3.8.1 Spring
Seasonal and perennial springs are located in the foothills of hillocks and forests in the
district. Thermal spring which is of very rare occurrence in south India has been found in
the district. It is called as Bendru Teertha and located at )rde on Puttur-Panaje road at a
distance of 13 km from Puttur. The rock formations exposed in and around the spring are
gneisses traversed by veins of quartz and pegmatite on the southern banks of Badantadka
River.
3.9 Geomorphology and Soil Types
Geomorphologically Dakshina Kannada District can be divided broadly into three well
defined physiographic units viz. i) Coastal plain ii) Upland pediplain area iii) Eastern hilly
area forming part of the Western Ghats. The Coastal plain is a narrow, thickly populated
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and intensely cultivated area adjoining the coast. There is considerable extent of barren
land along the coast partly because it is sandy, rocky, and marshy. The area near sea is
covered with coconut gardens.
The Upland pediplain area interspersed with low hills between the Western Ghats and the
coast, which is moderately cultivated with a considerable extent of fallow land, which can
be put to agricultural use. The Eastern hilly area in the eastern part of the district is hilly
with thick forest cover, which forms part of the Western Ghats. The hills of the area range
in elevation from 1200 to 1500m AMSL and are capped with laterite, which form plateau
usually of oval or elongated configuration. The prominent peaks in the area are Balihalli
(1240m), Amadikul betta (1298m) Attiberi Gudda (1522m), Banganabagile Gudda
(1513m) etc.
3.9.1 Soil Type
The soil in the district is mostly lateritic type, found distributed in the Pediplain area
characterized by high iron and Aluminium content. Lateritic soil is mostly red in color and
yellow loamy, pale to bright red colours are also seen. Lateritic soil is suitable for Paddy,
Sugarcane, Arecanut and Plantation crops, viz. crops like Cardamom & plantains. Loamy
red soils are distributed in the lower reaches of valleys. Red lateritic soil is the most
dominant soil type in the area. The texture of the soil varies from fine to coarse. The soil in
valleys and intermediate slopes is rich in loam whereas in upper slopes it is much coarse in
nature. The soil responds well to irrigation and other soil - management practices. Silty and
loamy soils are of transported origin and are found mostly along river banks and in valley
plains. They have good infiltration capacity and are well-suited for agriculture due to their
fertility.
3.10 Soil Environment
The present study of the soil quality was carried out at eight sampling locations to establish
the baseline characteristics of the study area and to determine the impact of the proposed
project on the soil characteristics. The details of the soil sampling locations are presented
in Table 3.15 and shown in figure 3.11. The results are presented in Table 3.16.
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Figure 3-11 Soil Monitoring Locations
Project Site Soorinje
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Table 3-15 Details of soil monitoring locations
Sample
Code
Sampling
Locations
Geographical
Coordinates
Direction
with respect
to Project
Site
Aerial
distance
from
project site
in Km
S1 Project Site Lat- N 12ᵒ58'56.6"
Long- E 074ᵒ51'33.3"
- -
S2 Hosabettu Lat- N 12ᵒ58'21.6"
Long- E 074ᵒ48'37.6"
W 4.76
S3 Paduperar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.6"
Long- E 074ᵒ54'17.6"
E 5.10
S4 Soorinje Lat- N 13ᵒ01'16.8"
Long- E 074ᵒ50'09.9"
NW 5.40
S5 Kateel Yekkar Lat- N 13ᵒ02'07.6"
Long- E 074ᵒ52'03.2"
NE 6.40
S6 Krishnapura Lat- N 12ᵒ59'58.0"
Long- E 074ᵒ49'59.1"
NW 4.65
S7 Kalavar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'49.7"
Long- E 074ᵒ51'02.7"
W 0.80
S8 Kuttethur Lat- N 13ᵒ00'19.9"
Long- E 074ᵒ50'53.6"
W 2.46
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Table 3-16 Soil Analysis results
S.No Paramete
rs
Unit Project
Site
(S1)
Hosabet
tu
(S2)
Paduper
ar
(S3)
Soorin
je
(S4)
Kateel
Yekka
r
(S5)
Krishnap
ura
(SW6)
Kalavar
(SW7)
Kuttethur
(SW8)
1 Color Brown Dark
Brown
Dark
Brown
Reddis
h
Brown
Reddis
h
Brown
Dark
Brown
Light
Brown
Reddish
Brown
2 Soil
Texture
Sandy
Clay
Loam
Silt
Loam
Loam Sandy
Clay
Loam
Sandy
Clay
Loam
Sandy
loam
Sandy
Clay
Loam
Loam
3 Sand % 46 37 46 56 47 51 47 33
4 Silt % 22 52 29 14 29 30 20 46
5 Clay % 32 11 25 30 24 19 33 21
6 Ph 6.39 6.63 6.12 6.08 6.13 6.06 6.96 6.04
7 Electrical
Conductiv
ity
µmhos/
cm
23 32 27 24 24 34 142 23
8 Infiltratio
n rate
cm/hr 1.18 1.34 1.11 1.34 1.42 1.38 1.32 1.12
9 Bulk
density
gm/cc 1.2 1.39 1.23 1.31 1.07 1.15 1.08 1.25
10 Cation
Exchange
Capacity
meq/
100 gm
14 4 9.5 14 14 10 21 8
11 Moisture
Content
% 10.5 10.2 11.7 19.7 24.7 8.5 13.7 9.4
12 Water
Holding
capacity
% 34 36 32.9 34.2 46.5 34.2 38.1 34
13 Organic
Carbon
% 0.5 0.16 0.02 0.19 1.24 0.39 0.95 0.31
14 Organic
matter
% 0.86 0.28 0.03 0.33 2.14 0.67 1.64 0.54
15 Nitrogen
as N
% 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.13 0.11
16 Phosphor
ous
% 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.04
17 Potassium % 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.31 0.24 0.18 0.22 0.34
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S.No Paramete
rs
Unit Project
Site
(S1)
Hosabet
tu
(S2)
Paduper
ar
(S3)
Soorin
je
(S4)
Kateel
Yekka
r
(S5)
Krishnap
ura
(SW6)
Kalavar
(SW7)
Kuttethur
(SW8)
18 Calcium % 0.36 0.72 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.24 0.04
19 Magnesiu
m
% 0.07 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.04
20 Boron mg/Kg 2.1 2.25 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.17 2.64 1.04
21 Cadmium mg/Kg BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
22 Copper mg/Kg 13 6.3 16.9 11.9 36.9 13.9 13.9 6.8
23 Chromiu
m
mg/Kg 1.11 2.1 1.06 1.4 0.04 1.02 2.5 0.06
24 Iron mg/Kg 46800 14400 25000 26000 43800 24700 18000 20800
25 Lead mg/Kg BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
BDL (DL
0.01)
26 Manganes
e
mg/Kg 7 3.4 9.5 7.2 11.8 4.5 1.2 2.3
27 Zinc mg/Kg 18 13 105.8 11.9 22.9 23.9 24.9 9.9
3.10.1 Observations
It is observed that the pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.04- 6.96 indicating that
the soils are slightly acidic in nature
Conductivity of the soil samples ranged from to 23-142 μS/cm. As the EC value is
less than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-saline in nature
The water holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 32.9-46.5 (%).
Nitrogen as N value varies from 0.05-0.13 %
Potassium content ranges from 0.18-0.34%
Phosphorous ranges from 0.02-0.09%
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3.11 Land use and Land Classification
Land use information of an area in the form of map and statistical data are very vital for
spatial analysis, planning, management and utilization of land for agriculture, forestry,
urban and industrial planning.
The level of spatial classification is classed under 4 categories:
Level 1-1:1 million scale,
Level 2- 1:250,000 scale,
Level 3-1:50,000 scale
Level 4-1:25,000 or larger scale.
In the present study Level 3 classification is made which is a fairly good classification of
urban and industrial planning.
Syngene
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Figure 3-12 Land Use Pattern of Dakshina Kannada District
The land use of the study area reflects the socio-economic conditions of the people in
addition to the natural environmental factors. The factors controlling the land use pattern
of the area are land forms, slope, shape of the land, soil, natural resources and natural and
man made hazards.
Table 3-17 Land use pattern (area in hectares)
Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Total
area
Forest Irrigated Unirrigated Cultivable
waste land
Area not
available
for
cultivation
1. Bajpe 722.70 - - 150.19 162.26 410.20
2. Paduperara 822.97 - 7.10 455.13 252.17 108.57
3. Badaga Yekkar 1011.26 - 0.81 629.09 145.73 253.63
4. Permude 742.43 - - 264.48 44.75 431.20
5. Kalavar 330.35 - - 381.01 3.79 311.02
6. Haleangadi 198.65 - 48.58 16.12 55.22 78.73
7. Kolambe 915.03 - - 268.96 90.11 555.96
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Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Total
area
Forest Irrigated Unirrigated Cultivable
waste land
Area not
available
for
cultivation
8. Muduperar 896.06 - - 308.61 332.53 254.92
9. Kilanjar 525.29 - - 395.28 6.50 123.51
10. Chellairu 317.01 - - 174.36 66.08 76.57
11. Delanthabettu 320.43 - 24.57 84.45 37.15 174.56
12. Badagayekkar 1011.26 - 0.81 629.09 145.73 235.63
13. Tenkayekkar 640.64 - 5.82 169.27 77.85 387.70
14. Kuthethur 695.82 - - 381.01 3.79 311.02
15. Bala 567.21 - - 284.94 28.13 254.14
16. Kenjaru 667.56 - - 95.41 163.56 408.59
17. Mudashedde `594.06 - - 123.08 242.92 228.06
18. Padushedde 145.58 - - 65.99 40.49 39.10
19. Mennabettu 551.90 - - 166.43 101.43 284.04
20. Kilanjur 136.59 - 31.57 33.35 50.72 20.95
21. Attur 106.70 - - 67.61 2.14 36.95
22. Koikude 278.82 - 23.40 129.31 48.72 77.31
23. Bellairu 293.65 - - 208.57 63.45 21.63
Total 22350.42 0 142.66 5481.74 2165.22 5083.99
Table 3-18 Land use pattern in the study area
Sr. No. Land use/Land Cover Classes Area in (Km2) Area in (%)
1. Vegetation 122.05 38.87
2. Land with shrub 17.64 5.62
3. Waste Land 82.64 26.32
4. Bare Soil/Sand 12.99 4.14
5. Built-up Area 26.18 8.34
6. Water body 52.46 16.71
Total 314 100.0
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Figure 3-13 Cropping Pattern in Study Area
Paddy, i.e., Rice is the major food crop grown in this region. Major commercial crops like
Paddy, coconut, arecanut, banana, cashewnut and mango are grown in the area. Percentage
distribution of food & commercial crops are shown in Figure 3.13. Out of the total area
covered for different crops, about 53% area is confined to paddy crop and commercial
crops occupy 47% area.
3.12 Ecological Environment
A biological system comprises of both plant and animal communities, which interact not
only among themselves but also with the abiotic components, viz. physical and chemical
characteristics of the environment. Therefore, nature of developments and baseline
characteristics of terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna around the site of proposed
activities is required to be assessed. The study involved in collection of primary data by
carrying out survey in the 10 Km study area and also from the secondary data of the
particular area.
Plants and animals are more susceptible to environmental stress. A change in the
composition of biotic communities is reflected by a change in the distribution pattern,
frequency, density and abundance of natural species of flora and fauna existing in the
PADDY
53%
COCONUT
15%
ARECANUT
6%
BANANA
1%
MANGO
4%
CASHEWNUT
21%
PADDY
COCONUT
ARECANUT
BANANA
MANGO
CASHEWNUT
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ecosystem. These changes over a span of time can be quantified and related to the existing
environmental factors.
3.12.1 Reconnaissance
Dakshina Kannada is one of the three coastal districts of Karnataka state. The district
headquarter is Mangalore. The Western Ghat, which is about 50 kms from the site,
separates this area from the rest of the South Indian Peninsula, which form the natural
boundary of the district, on the east. On the west, the Arabian Sea forms the natural
boundary.
The chief timber trees are the teak, rosewood, benteak, kiralbhogi matti, maravu and kada
halasia. The site is situated in the Dakshina Kannada district coastal belt which is far away
from Western Ghat (approx. 45-65km) and nearer to sea coast (approx. 8km).
The study area comprises of open scrub, fairly dense scrub, dense scrub hillocks, rocky
hills, ravines, rivulets/river system, flat terrain and sea coast/beach. The natural vegetation
of ever green/deciduas forest species in the form of dense scrub, open scrub degraded
forest in the hilly area are observed along with rural agriculture, semi- urban and industrial
development towards the coast. Accordingly the survey was planned based on
Topography, land use, vegetation pattern etc. Terrestrial Flora
The natural vegetation of the area may be broadly noted under two types: the hilly
vegetation and river bed vegetation, apart from roadside and avenue trees. Observations
on the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, climbers, grasses, agricultural fields, medicinal plants, and
social plantations were made for the study area considered The vegetation cover falls into
following broad categories:
Natural vegetation
Grass lands
Aquatic flora
Mangroves
Agriculture fields
Social Plantations
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Greenbelt Plantation
The study area was surveyed and preliminary data on vegetation type, wild animals and
birds was collected. This data was supplemented by information obtained through enquiry
with villages and secondary data collected from different sources. The floristic
characteristics within the study area around Syngene site are listed.
3.12.2 Study Area
In the North-Western region from the project site that consists of villages such as
Surathkal, Hosabettu, Mukka Katipalla, Areca catechu, Cocos nucifera, Paddy, Acacia
concinna, Caesurina equisitifolia, Pinus longifolia, Bauhinia recemosa, Cassia siamea, Bridelia
retusa etc. were observed. Shrubs like Alangium salvifolium, Hibiscus cannabinus and
Sesbania grandiflora are found densely in this region. Herbs like Mimosa pudica was found
maximum, while Datura metal and Evolvulus alsinoides were moderately seen. Mangroves
were observed in the estuary of river Nandin. Different species of beach vegetation
observed included Salicornia, Pandanus odorifer were observed. Haleangadi and
Krishnapura showed similar type of vegetation.
In the North eastern areas trees like Anacardium occidentale, Roystenia vegia Casuarina
equisitifolia, Acacia nilotica and Tectona grandis, shrubs like Sesbania grandiflora , Herbs
like Datura metal, Evolvulus alsinoides, Mimosa pudica were observed.
In the South eastern region Good vegetation from the project site, Artocarpus hirsutus,
Santalum album, Cannarium strictum, Cassia fistula, Steriospermum suaveolens, Bauhinia
malabarica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Alangiun salvifolium, Ficus benghalensis and Ziziphus
jujuba, Pinus longifolia, shrubs like Sesbania grandiflora, Hibiscus Cannabinus, herbs like
Datura metal, Evolvulus alsinoides, Cassia occidentalis, Mimosa Pudica were found.
In the South western region, cultivation of Annona squamosa, Artocarpus integrefolia, Piper
longum and Zizyphus jujuba were found in village house gardens. Trees viz. Anacardium
occidentale, Tectona grandis, Casuarina equisitifolia , Alstonia scholoris, Bombax ceiba,
Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica and Ficus hispida, Shrubs like Alangium
salvifolium, and Jatropha curas, Annona squamosa, herbs were Chrysopogon fulves, Mimosa
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pudica, Borreria stricta, Datura metal, Cassia occidentalis and Evolvulus alsinoides were
observed.
3.12.3 Pilikula Nisarga Dhama
Pilikula Nisarga Dhama is a multifaceted biological park developed near Mudashedde village on the bank of Gurupur River. )n local language Pili means tiger and Kula means pond.
Pilikula Nisarga Dhama spread over about 380 Acre land. It comprises an arboretum,
greenhouse & nursery, a Bio-park and an Artisan village with boating facilities. About 120
acre area is covered by Bio-park, while Arboretum covers about 80 Acres of land and the
remaining area is occupied for Artisan village and a water pond/reservoir. This
park/center apart from its biological significance, it also attracts visitors as tourist spot.
Arboretum comprises about 225 plant species, out of which few are listed below with their
relative significance. Among these, some are endemic to Western Ghat, viz. Calophylum
apetatum, Ochlandra travancorica and Alstonia Scholar.
Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name
1 Cocos nucifera Coconut
2 Buchanania latifolia Chironji
3 Mangifera indica Aam, Mavin kai
4 Odina wodier Godda
5 Anacardium occidentalis Goddambi
6 Spondias mangifera Ambatte mara
7 Annona squamosa Staphal
8 Alstonia scholaris Hale mare, Dodapala
9 Steriospermum suaveolens Billmara, Bodhi
10 Bombax ceiba Booruga
11 Bauhinia malabarica Basavanapada
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Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name
12 Bauhinia recemosa Basavanapada
13 Caesalpina pulcherima Kenjige
14 Cassia fistula Golden shower
15 Senna siamea Senna
16 Casuarina equisitifolia Casuarina
17 Anogeissus latifolia Axle wood
18 Terminalia arjuna Holemathi
19 Terminalia tomentosa Matti
20 Diospyros tupru Thupra
21 Diospyrus ebenum Yaboni
22 Bridelia retusa Gurige
23 Butea frondosa Palasha
24 Dalbergia latifolia Beete
25 Lagerstroemia speciosa Holenandi
26 Azadirachta indica Bevu
27 Acacia concinna Seege
28 Acacia chundra Baddejali
29 Acacia ferruginea Bannnimara
30 Acacia leucophloea Bellada, bilijali
31 Acacia nilotica Babli
32 Albizzia amara Chigare
33 Albizzia stipulate Kalbage
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Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name
34 Ficus benghalensis Vatavruksha
35 Ficus infectoria Basari
36 Ficus religiosa Ashwatha
37 Ficus hispida Athi
38 Syzium cumini Kadunerale
39 Eucalyptus globules Nilgiri
40 Roystenia regia Royal Palm
41 Ziziphus jujube Ber
42 Sterculia guttata Hulitharada
43 Tectona grandis Saguvani
44 Alangium salvifolium Ankola
45 Gymnosporia Montana Mountain spike
46 Maytenus emarginata Red Spike
47 Jatropha curcas Oil seed
48 Jatropha gossypifolia Bellyache Bush
49 Ricinus communis Castor
50 Sesbania grandiflora Agathi
51 Flacourtia indica Governors plum
52 Hibiscus cannabinus Dasawala
53 Atalantia monophylla Kuruntam
54 Atalantia racemosa Kumuntam
55 Lantana camara Big Sage
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Table 3-19 Fauna found in the study area
Common Name Scientific Name
Reptiles
Green wipe snake Ahaetulla nasutus
Indian Python Python molurus
Cobra Naja naja
King cobra Ophiophagus hannal
Red sand boa Eryx gohni Russel s viper Vipera russelli
Common rat snake Ptyas mucosus
Other vertebrate (wild)
Jackal Canis aureus
Sambar Cervus unicolor
Tiger Panthera tigris
Panther Panthera pardus
Porcupine Hystrix indica
Lion Panthera leo
Common langur Presbytis entellus
Chital (spotted deer) Axis axis
Bonnet macaque Macaca radiate
Monkey Rhesus
3.12.4 Mangroves
In the study area, Gurupur estuary zone consist of mangroves in discrete patches, in which
Avicennia alba was found to be dominant species.
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3.12.5 Plantations
Commercial crops viz. Arecanut, Coconut, Pepper, Cashew nut, Clove, fruits like Banana,
Pineapple and jack fruit are grown. Social plantations in industrial areas road sides and
townships include various ornamental plants like Nerium indicum, Polyalthia longifolia, and
Bougainvillea glabra and trees like Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Saraka indica and
Leucena lucocephala.
3.12.6 Fauna
3.12.6.1 Mammals
During the preliminary survey, the sighting of wild animals was negligible in the entire
study area. Hence the assessment of wild life fauna has been carried out on the basis of
information collected from the secondary sources (Forest Officer, Fisheries Department,
and local inhabitants).
3.12.6.2 Birds
Species like Eagle (Spilornis cheela),Bhagule (Ardea purpurea), Myna (Sturnus pagodarum),
dove (Streptopelia senegalensis), Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), Magpie robin (Copsychus
saularis), Racket tailed drongo (Dicrucrus paradiseus) etc. were highly frequent in the
village area. Eagles were mostly observed near by our hotel in Suratkal, Peacocks (Pavo
cristatus) were observed.
3.12.6.3 Fisheries
Dakshina Kannada district is known for marine fishing and the export of fish as well as fish products. Traditionally the state is own as Mackerel coast . The pelagic fishery wealth of the coast, mainly comprises of mackerel and oil sardines, used to be traditionally harvested by operating shore seine known as Rampani . According to the data collected from State Fisheries Department in Manglore, the total fishermen population in the district is 58683.
9489 fishermen are actively engaged in fishing activities and 18,141 fishermen are engaged
in fishing activities as part time acivity .There are 22 fishermen co- operative societies in
the district There are 5 estuaries with 1140 (ha) area. Fishing thus constitutes a major
economic and characteristic feature of the district.
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EIA REPORT Shoaling fishes like sardines and mackerel s, tuna, seer fishes, lacarius, pomfrets, silver bellies, scianids sharks, cat fishes etc. are commonly fished out.
Natural Vegetation Mangroves (Gurupur Estuary)
Vegetation on Beaches (Salicornia Sp.)
Vegetation on Beaches (Pandanus
odorifer)
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Table 3-20 Medicinal Plants Observed in Study Area
Sr. No. Botanical Name
1 Alstonia scholaris
2 Cassia fistula
3 Tridax procumbens
4 Argemone Mexicana
5 Azadirachta indica
6 Mimosa rubicaulis
7 Eucalyptus globules
8 Boerhavia diffusa
9 Hemidesmus indicus
10 Vitex nigundo
Table 3-21 Plantations/Cultivars in Study Area
Sr. No.
Botanical Name
1 Anacardium occidentale
2 Spondias pinnata
3 Mangifera indica
4 Brassica campestris
5 Bombax ceiba
6 Ananas comosus
7 Casuarina equistefolia
8 Bauhinia malabarica
9 Delonix regia
10 Tamarindus indica
11 Terminalia arjuna
12 Phyllanthus emblica
13 Butea frondosa
14 Dalbergia sisso
15 Pongamia pinnata
16 Bambusa arundinacea
17 Dendrocalamus strictus
18 Oryza sativa
19 Saccharum offcinarum
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Sr. No.
Botanical Name
20 Cicer arietinum
21 Phaseolus mungo
22 Phaseolus aureus
23 Azadirachta indica
24 Acacia catechu
25 Acacia auriculiformis
26 Acacia mangium
27 Albizia lebbeck
28 Artocarpus heterophyllus
29 Eucalyptus globules
30 Syzygium cumini
31 Cocos nucifera
32 Piper nigrum
33 Zizyphus jujube
34 Sterculia companula
35 Capsicum annum
36 Ailanthus malabaricum
37 Zingiber offcinale
38 Curcuma longa
39 Tectona grandis
Source: Working Plan of Mangalore Forest Division (2002- to - Note: * Species observed during field survey
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Table 3-22 Lower Strata Fauna Observed in Study Area
Sr. No. Zoological Name
1 Common Sailor
2 Blue Pansy
3 Chocolate Pansy
4 Yellow Pansy
5 Aethriamanta brevipennis
6 Brachythemis contaminata
7 Bradenopyga geminate
8 Diplacodes trivialis
9 Orthetrum Sabina
10 Pantala flavescens
11 Ryothemis variegate
12 Trithemis aurora
13 Aschena aurora aurora
14 Enallagma cyathigerum
15 Prodasineura autumnalis
3.13 Socio-Economic Environment
Major developmental activities in industrial sector are to meet the basic as well as
luxurious requirements of civilized modern society, economical development, creation of
employment opportunities (direct as well as indirect), which ultimately results in
improvement of quality of life through upliftment of social, economical, health, education,
infrastructure etc. status in the project region. Almost all industrial developments are also
expected to generate/discharge different forms of pollutants in the surrounding
environment. This may cause natural resource degradation, ecological and human health
risks, unless the development is planned and implemented in a sustainable manner
through implementation of pollution prevention and control measures. In this manner all
developmental projects have direct as well as indirect relationship with socioeconomic
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aspects. Thus the study of socio-economic component incorporating various facets related
to social & cultural conditions and economic status in the project region is an important
part of EIA study. The study includes demographic structure, population dynamics,
infrastructure resources, status of human health and economic attributes like employment,
per-capita income, agriculture, trade and industrial development etc. The aesthetic
environment refers to the scenic value of the area, tourist attraction, forest and wildlife,
historic and cultural monuments. The studies of these parameters help in identifying,
predicting and evaluating the likely impacts on socioeconomic aspects due to proposed
project developments.
3.13.1 Reconnaissance
The proposed developmental projects will be commissioned within the MSEZ premises.
The site is situated in rural area, however considerable development has taken place in
neighbouring villages after commissioning of MRPL refinery, HPCL marketing terminal,
BASF India Ltd. etc. The study area covering 10 km radial distance around the refinery site,
mostly (>95%) fall in Mangalore taluk and the balance in Karkal taluk. The study area
consist 48 villages in Mangalore taluk. Major part of study area is covered with highly
undulated/hilly terrain mostly covered with natural vegetation as well as agro forestry
especially in lower parts of hill slopes. The southern part of study area, i.e. towards
Mangalore city is relatively flat terrain (Gurupur river and sea coast) and covered with
number of small/medium scale industries and also few large scale industries like KIOCL,
KISCO and MCF. The infrastructure facilities including road network consisting NH-17(Goa-
Kochi), Bajpe (Mangalore) airport and New Mangalore Port Trust, and Konkan Railway
(network) are well developed in project region. Keeping in view the existing industrial /
commercial activities in Suratkal-Hosabettu-Panamburu area (along NH-17), this belt has
been merged into urban agglomeration of Mangalore city in 2001 census. The present
employment pattern in the study area is mostly agriculture based, coastal fisheries, and to
some extent industrial and commercial activities.
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3.13.2 Baseline Status
The latest available data has been complied to delineate the baseline socio- economic
profile in study area. The data base thus compiled from secondary sources of various
official records, viz. Census records, District statistical abstract, Primary Health Centres etc.
and primary data collection through field survey as well as the observations by survey
team study period include:
Demographic structure
Infrastructure base road network, communication, electricity,
Education
Health Status
Economic attributes
Socio economic status with reference to Quality of Life
Awareness and opinion of people about the proposed project
The sample villages identified for socioeconomic survey in study area are shown in while
they are listed in subsequent sections.
3.13.2.1 Demographic Structure
The demographic details are compiled from Primary Census Abstract- 2001(CD) of
Karnataka state, which was obtained from the Office of Registrar General India, New Delhi.
The demographic details of the study area are given in subsequent sections while the
summarized information is presented below which highlights information on household,
population, employment, literacy and community structure. The salient features of the
study area are as follows:
Study area (10 km radius around site) consists total 44 villages & 4 wards
(Mangalore urban agglomeration) under the jurisdiction of Mangalore taluka
Total households in study area is 27647
Total population in villages under study area is 137850
Total area in Hectare is 28,074 in the study area
Population density 491 people per sq.km.
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Sex ratio is considered in the form of No. of females per 1000 males. In the study
area it is 1085, which indicates that females are higher in number than the males.
The average sex ratio at Karnataka state level is only 965(F) : 1000(M), which
indicates females are less in number than males
The overall literacy rate in the study area is 74.46% which is higher than state
average 57.6%
The employment rate in the study area is 42.71%
Scheduled caste population is 6.39%
Scheduled tribes are 2.41% of total population
In comparison with the demographic profile of study area in 1991, the total
population is almost doubled in 2001, while there is only marginal increase in
overall literacy rate.
3.13.2.2 Infrastructure
The infrastructure resources base of the study area with reference to education, medical
facility, water supply, post & telegraph, transportation & communication, power supply
facility is presented in subsequent sections. The infrastructure resources details have been
abstracted from village Directory CD-2001 of Karnataka state.
Education: As per 2001 village directory record excepting Kilenjur village of Manglore
taluka all the villages of study area are having educational facilities in the form of primary
school. Some village having Middle school and Secondary Higher Educational schools
facility. Adult literacy center facility is available in five villages, College facility is having in
four villages and Industrial School only in Paduperar village and Training School is only
available in Kemral village. Existing villagers are going to nearest town or talukas for giving
higher education.
Medical Facility: Most of the villages having health facility in the form of Primary health
Sub center. Other health facility available in form of MCW, MH, CWC, HC, PHC, FWC and NH.
Exceptional Delanthabettu, Kenjar, Paduperar, Chelur are four villages not having any
health facility.)
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Drinking Water: The water supply in the study area is through wells, tap water, hand
pumps Tube well, river and canal allied sources. Source of Drinking Water is shown in
subsequent sections.
Power Supply: Almost all villages are electrified in the region and electricity used for all-
purpose in all the villages.
Approach Road: Most of the villages having road approach routes are either paved road,
mud road or foot path.
Communication and Transportation: Almost all villages having Bus service in the region.
Most of the villages in the study area have to available the communication facility i.e. post
office, Telegraph Office, Post and Telegraph Office and as well as Telephone connections in
the region.
3.13.2.3 Health Status
Health of the people is not only a desirable goal, but it is also an essential investment in
human resources. As per the National Health Policy (1983), Primary Health Care has been
accepted as main instrument for achieving this goal of development and strengthening
rural health infrastructure through a three-tier system, viz. sub - centre, primary health
centre (PHC) and community health center (CHC), which have been established.
Lack of building, shortage of manpower and inadequate provision of drug supplies are
hampering the operation of these units. The standards to be met according to National
Health Policy are given below:
Table 3-23 Standards according to National Health Policy
Population Infrastructure Personnel
3,000 – 5,000 1 Sub centre 1 ANM
25,000 – 30,000 1 PHC, 6 beds 2 Medical officers
1,00,000 Rural Medical superintendent
During discussion it was revealed that the general prevailing diseases in the project region
are malaria, diarrhea, dysentery and viral fever. The health problems as reported could be
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attributed to improper sanitation, mosquito nuisance and also water logging in the villages.
Vital Health Statistics Data (Mortality Rate and Morbidity Pattern 2009 – 2010) in Study
Area is presented in subsequent sections.
3.13.2.4 Economic Attributes
Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group
i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work- Work may be defined as
participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation may be physical or
mental in nature. Work involves not actual work but also effective supervision and
direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise
There are different types of workers that may be classified as - Those persons who had
worked for at least six months or 183 days are treated to be Main Workers, on the other
hand if person categorized as worker has participated in any economic or productive
activity for less than six months or 183 days during the last one year are treated as
Marginal Workers and Non – Workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the
year preceding the enumeration.
The workers coming under the main and marginal workers category are; cultivators,
agricultural labors, live stock, forestry, fishing, hunting, and plantations, orchards and allied
activities, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in
household industry, construction trade and commerce, transport, storage and
communication, other services. The summary of employment pattern in study area is as
follows.
Main worker population in the study area is 58883 (42.71%)
Majority of the worker i.e.33089 (56.19%) are engaged as other activities
workers and household is 17303 (29.38%)
There are 5124 (8.70%) and 3367 (5.71%) workers as cultivators and
agriculture worker
Total marginal worker in the study area are 7902 (5.73%)
Unemployment level is high in the region as non-worker population shares more
than half of the total population in the region i.e71065. (51.55%) Non-worker
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population includes student, household duties, dependent, pensioner, beggar and
others.
3.13.2.5 Cultural and Aesthetic Attributes
Dakshina Kannada district has been reckoned for location of historical places, picturesque
spots and religious centers. The district embodies a number of religious centers like temples, churches and mosques. The socio economic activities of Father Muller s Medical trust and Canara Diocese in the Dakshina Kannada district also are the trend setters. The
classic Yakshgana a dance drama performance is a unique event in Karnataka. A night long
event, with people acting vibrantly and dancing to the beat of drums, Yakshagana
performance attracts people from all over places. Hulivesha (tiger dance) is a unique form
of folk dance in Dakshina Kannada that young and the old alike. As per tourism department,
the popular tourist/pilgrim places in Dakshina Kannada district and the relative distances
from proposed project site are given subsequent sections. The temples in project area are
neither notified nor recorded by the state government, but according to the local people
these temples are of highly religious importance in the surrounding area.
3.13.3 Socio-economic Survey
In order to assess and evaluate the likely impacts arising out of any developmental project
on socio-economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in
the project area. Socio-economic survey serves as an effective tool for fulfilling this
requirement. The nearby 15 No. villages identified for socio-economic survey the list is given in subsequent sections. Sarpanch of each village and respondents adult s male-
female) were chosen for the collection of awareness and opinion, by using purposive
judgmental sampling method representing various socio-economic sections of the
community.
The salient observations recorded during the survey are:
Literacy level amongst the respondents is high. People expecting job facility in near by
industry as per their qualification
Mainly wood is used as fuel for cooking purpose and very few are using LPG fuel
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Bore wells are the main source of drinking water supply. Portability also appears to be
good. People reported water scarcity problem in the summer season, may be due to hilly
area
Sanitation facilities are not satisfactory in some villages. Due to improper planning of
drainage system respondents have reported the problem of mosquito nuisance
Health facilities are available within the study area and some villagers are required to go
5-10 km for medical facilities
In most of the villages, respondents reported that their monthly income is nearly Rs.
4,000-5,000/- Unemployment problem is grave in the study area.
The mode of transport is buses and they are most frequent. The respondents expressed
satisfaction with respect to transportation facilities
All villages have electric supply, but power cut is frequent problem.
Table 3-24 Demographic Summary
Demographic Parameters Details
No. of Talukas 1
No. of Villages 44
No. of Urban areas (Part of Mangalore) 4
Total no. of Households 27647
Total Population 137850
Population Density 491.02
Sex ratio (N0. of female\ 1000 males 1085
Scheduled castes (%) 8810(6.39%)
Scheduled Tribes (%) 3325(2.41%)
Literate (%) 102647(74.46%)
Main workers (%) 58883(42.71%)
Marginal Workers (%) 7902(5.73%)
Non- workers (%) 71065(51.55%)
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India CD-2001, Dakshina Kannada District, State
Karnataka
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Table 3-25 Pilgrim/Tourist Places in Dakshina Kannada District
Sr.
No.
Name of the place Approximate Distance
from Project site
1. Benkinatheswara (Lord Shiva) Temple
(Kalavar village)
Located Within project
site (Shift/Rehabilitation )
2. Shibaroor Temple (Delantabettu village) 4km
3. Durga Parameshwari temple (Kateel) 6 km
4. Pilikula Nisargadhama 7 km
5. ST. Aloysius chapel & Museum (Mangalore
city)
10-15 km
6. ST. Milagres church (Mangalore city) 10-15 km
7. ST. Rosario Cathedral (Mangalore city) 10-15 km
8. Sulthan Batthery (Mangalore city) 10-15 km
9. Tagore Parle (Mangalore city) 10-15 km
10. Lokarnanath temple (Mangalore city) 10-15 km
11. Kadri Manjunath Temple (Mangalore city) 10-15 km
12. Thousand Pillars Basadi (Moodbidri) 20 km
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4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
Environmental Impact is any change in the environmental attributes, adverse or beneficial,
caused or induced by the proposed action or set of actions. The predicted adverse impacts
during each stage of project development are superimposed over the baseline status of the
existing environmental quality to infer the scenario of environmental conditions in the
post-project stage. The main purpose of identifying the impacts is that it helps in adopting
appropriate mitigation measures for the adverse consequences if any.
This Chapter focuses on predicting and evaluating the various significant impacts that are
likely to occur. The impacts on the environmental indices viz. air, water, soil, noise,
biological and socioeconomic conditions are scrutinized methodically and assessed.
The most likely impacts on the environment due to the proposed project need to be
appraised during the two different phases of the project namely pre-
operation/construction phase and operation phase. The particulars on impacts that could
be triggered on the environmental attributes by the activities of the proposed project are
discussed below.
4.2 Construction Phase
Impact assessment during the pre-operation phase of the project is of importance as the
construction activities lead to adverse effects on the environment on a short term basis.
The major activities that are undertaken during this phase are civil works, mechanical
works, machinery works and transportation works.
During the construction phase, the following activities among many are considered to be
important towards creating environmental impacts:
a) Site preparation (fencing, boundary & clearing of site)
b) Excavation, backfilling and levelling
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c) Hauling and dumping of earth materials & construction spoils
d) Foundation works
e) Fabrication erection of Steel structures such as, Tanks, Pipelines and Sheds.
f) Construction of internal roads, drains & water supply
g) Painting and finishing
h) Cleaning, landscaping and plantations
4.3 Land Environment
4.3.1 Impacts
The activities carried out during the establishment of this industry will involve a change in
the land use from an open industrial land to a built up industrial land, which will pose the
following impacts on the land environment.
Compaction of soil and a change in the soil structure due to the use of heavy
construction vehicles and machinery
Removal of soil from the site
Mixing of the topsoil and subsoil
Dispersion of dust
4.3.2 Mitigation measures
1) Employing techniques such as restricting access during wet conditions, using
protective boarding and low ground pressure machinery to minimize compaction of
soil
2) The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent reinstatement
3) Reuse of excess excavated material for road development, green belt development
and landscaping
4) A well designed closed depository for storage of construction materials to prevent
land/soil pollution
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5) Effective stabilization of altered landforms to minimize soil erosion and the
potential for water pollution (e.g. Vegetation)
6) Reuse of construction wastes such as sand, brick, gravel, cement for developing
internal road and project structures.
4.4 Air Environment
4.4.1 Impacts
The activities that might lead to a decline in the local air quality due to generation of dust
are
Site Preparation-fencing, boundary and clearing of site will cause disturbance to the
surroundings
Excavation, backfilling, leveling,
Hauling and dumping of earth materials and construction spoils,
Foundation works can cause dust generation which will decrease the air quality and
it can impact the labours working.
Fabrication, erection of steel structures such as tanks, pipelines and sheds,
Construction of internal roads, drains and water supply
Cleaning and landscaping
4.4.2 Mitigation measures
1) Barricading the construction area and minimizing exposed areas to reduce dust
generation
2) Areas generating dust during dry weather will be sprayed with water
3) Conserving the existing vegetation screens to act as a barrier to dust
4) Appropriate enclosed areas for storage of construction materials
5) Facilitating the workers with the required personal protective equipments
6) Efficient usage and maintenance of equipments/machineries to lower air emissions,
noise pollution and consumption of energy resource
7) Exhaust vent of DG set will be provided with adequate stack height to ensure quick
dispersal of gaseous emissions
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8) Periodic monitoring and maintenance of transport vehicles to check on the quality
of emission to be within permissible limits and consumption of fuel
9) Regular inspection of construction site to ensure timely removal and disposal of
construction debris to the dumping sites or for recycle/reuse
4.5 Water Environment
4.5.1 Impacts
Contamination of watercourses by leakage from fuel and materials storage areas
Oil and suspended solids in run-off from vehicles and access roads
Use of heavy machinery and vehicles causes compaction of topsoil due to which a
change in the surface water drainage patters may occur
4.5.2 Mitigation measures
1) The water demand during the construction phase will be met from the private water
suppliers
2) Impenetrable lining will be provided to storage premises to avoid accidental mixing
or fugitive losses.
3) Storehouse will be located at a distance away from the water storage area to
prevent accidental release or spillage
4) Proper management of rain water run-off during monsoon and creating bunds to
utilize the rain water for construction purpose
5) An appropriate water management system will be implemented
4.6 Noise Environment
4.6.1 Impacts
The major sources of noise generation at the construction site are pneumatic hammers,
compressors, concrete mixers, operating machinery, horns and acoustic signals,
communication among workers.
Noise nuisance causes discomfort and health related issues in those who work at the site
and those who reside in the neighboring villages
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4.6.2 Mitigation measures
1) Barricading the construction site
2) The existing green belt will help in reducing the noise nuisance
3) Selection of equipments of high quality
4) Proper planning and organizing of construction activities which will help in avoiding
loud verbal exchanges between the intervening parties
5) Transportation activities will be carried out only during the day and only in case of
emergency, the transportation activities will be permitted in night time
6) The vehicles used for construction activities and transportation of materials will be
provided with the horn of low noise level as recommended by RTO/ concerned
authorities
7) Minimization of operation time of noisy equipment and operation of
machineries/equipment that generate high levels of noise only during day time
8) Inadequate use of plant and equipment, namely, running on full power when the
work does not necessitate it will be avoided
9) Personal protective equipments, education and public awareness and exposure
control through rotation of work will be provided to the workers engaged in
construction activities in the area generating high levels of noise
4.7 Waste Generation
Sources of waste are construction debris such as bricks, steel scrap, wooden scrap, sand,
gravel etc.
4.7.1 Mitigation measures
1) Prior to commencement of construction works, assessment of materials required,
location and planning of available space for its storage will be conducted
2) Quality control will be implemented to reject defective materials at the time of
delivery thus avoiding later disposal
3) Stockpiles of sand, gravel, soil will be situated in such a manner that they do not spill
or washed onto the adjacent roads
4) Materials that come in will be labeled and the date of receiving will be recorded
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5) Preparation of a proper waste management system which includes identification of
wastes, collection, segregation, storage and disposal methods
6) Recycling and reuse of certain construction debris
7) Spent oils and other lubricants from equipment will be collected in enclosed
containers before disposing it to approved recyclers
4.8 Ecology
The proposed facility is being established in the notified industrial area, hence no impacts
have been expected to arise on the biological environment. Except for the removal of
weeds, the ecological status of the site is well maintained by conserving the existing green
belt at the site.
4.9 Social Environment
The impacts of construction activities is beneficial on the social environment as it
contributes to the economic and social development by providing employment to about
200 workers during the construction phase and thereby raising the standards of living and
quality of life.
Procuring of construction materials locally leads to increase in trading opportunities.
4.10 Operation Phase
From an environmental perspective, this phase is of paramount significance due to its
potential to invoke long-term impacts. The adverse effects that are likely to occur during
this operational phase of the project are: Air Pollution (gaseous emissions), Effluent
generation, noise generation, solid waste generation.
4.10.1 Air Environment
Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for the Parameters SPM,
SO2 & NO2, are well within the permissible Limits as prescribed by the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Industrial Area, Residential, Rural & Other areas.
The major air pollution sources from the industry are DG sets, boilers and reactors. The DG
set and boiler sources are provided with stacks of adequate height so as to disperse the
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emanating flue gases containing suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulfur and
nitrogen without affecting the ground level concentrations. The emissions generated from
the reactors are scrubbed out by wet scrubbers.
Meteorological Data
The site specific meteorological data for three months from November 2015 to January
2016 were obtained from onsite metrological station. Other data included for AERMET
were daily wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure,
precipitation, and solar radiation recorded during the period. AERMET reformats
meteorological data so that it can be used as input for AERMOD model.
AERMET PROCESS
For the 3 phase AERMET processing of the meteorological data, specifications of the land
use in the area are required to determine the terrain roughness for modelling. The land use
was characterized for in and around the site. The surface characteristics for the site and
surroundings were selected and used to calculate the albedo, Bowen ratio, and surface
roughness parameter.
The meteorological data were processed in the AERMET software to generate wind flow
pattern & to generate surface meteorological data and profile meteorological data in a
prescribed format that can be fed to AERMOD for modeling.
4.5.1.3 AERMOD PROCESS
AERMOD Software Version 7.5.0 was used for air dispersion modelling and is applicable to
a wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50km. In addition
to more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban
dispersion scenarios.
AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it assumes the
concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the
convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be
Gaussian, but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density
function (pdf). This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL was
demonstrated by Willis and Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats plume lofting, whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant
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source, rises to and remains near the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into
the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable
layer, and then allows it to re-enter the boundary layer when and if appropriate. For
sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion
resulting from plume meander. The emissions from proposed stacks have been considered
for the air dispersion modeling as shown in table 4.1
Table 4-1 Proposed Stack Emission details
Source Temp
(0 C)
Heig
ht of
Stack
(m)
Fuel
consum
ed
Emissio
n rate
for SOx
(g/sec)
Emissio
n rate
for NOx
(g/sec)
Emissio
n rate
for SPM
(g/sec)
Stac
k
insid
e dia
(m)
Gas
exit
Velocit
y
(m/s)
Gas exit
flow
rate(m3/
s)
Boiler
(8000
kg/hr)
447 30 Furnace
Oil
0.5003 0.2373 0.34012 0.80 15.219 7.65
DG
2500KV
A
444 20 Diesel
0.01882 0.3981 0.1882 0.4 14.324 1.8
DG
2500KV
A
444 20 Diesel
0.01882 0.3981 0.1882 0.4 14.324 1.8
Reactor
scrubbe
r stack
315 25 Process
0.203 0.263 0.346 0.1 2 0.044
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Figure 4-1 Maximum incremental value for SO2 during daytime
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Figure 4-2 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime
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Figure 4-3 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime
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Table 4-2 Predicted GLC for Proposed Stack
Parameters Baseline
data
(µg/m3)
Estimated
Maximum
Incremental
Concentration
(µg/m3)
Predicted
Maximum
GLC
(µg/m3)
Direction &
Distance
NAAQ
Standard
Limits
(CPCB
2009) in
µg/m3 SOX 12 5 17 Within site 80
NOX 19 4 23 Within site 80
PM 65.29 8 73.29 Within site 100
As seen from the above table the concentration levels arising from the proposed new
facility for manufacturing are well within the NAAQ limits.
4.10.2 Water Environment
Total water requirement for the plant is 1078 KLD which is met by MSEZL from
Nethravathi and Gurupura river.
4.10.2.1 Mitigation measures
1) The site will have well developed storm water layout and rain water harvesting pits
to maximize groundwater discharge
2) Domestic sewage generated will be treated through STP and reused for green belt
development
3) The effluent generated from the process will be disposed to CETP of MSEZL after
primary and secondary treatment at the plant.
4.10.3 Noise Environment
The major source of noise pollution in the industry is DG sets, boilers and reactors. DG sets
are provided with integral acoustic enclosures. Also the ambient noise levels will be
ensured within the ambient standards by inbuilt design of mechanical equipment and
buildings apart from vegetation along the periphery and at various locations within the
industry premises.
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4.11 Land Environment
As the manufacturing facility will be located within the notified MSEZL Industrial area, the
proposed activity does not change the land use classification of the site.
4.11.1 Mitigation measures
1) Designated solid waste storage area will be allocated within the site.
2) Agreement will be made with TSDF for safe disposal of hazardous wastes
4.12 Socio-Economic Environment
It creates employment to a total of 811 persons.
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5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Prior to deciding the final project site for establishing the proposed manufacturing
facility, a comparative analysis of various alternatives available are considered and
screened in order to choose an apt location that will have minimum environmental
impacts due to the proposed activity. The alternatives selected for analysis will be
based on the following factors -Site alternatives, Fuel alternatives, Water supply
alternatives, Technology alternatives, and the relative impact of each alternative is
compared against the baseline environment to select a preferred alternative.
The Project alternatives with mitigation measures and without mitigation measures
are analyzed before choosing the proposed alternatives. The objective of this chapter is
to highlight some of the salient issues considered for exercising the alternative options.
5.1 SITE SELECTION
The criterion for site selection included the below mentioned points:
The project site shall not require displacement of habitation as it is located
inside the MSEZL industrial area.
MSEZL provides all the necessary facilities-infrastructure, power supply, water
supply.
The power required will be sourced from MSEZ and the water requirement will
be met by MSEZL from Nethravathi and Gurupura river.
The project site has access to the national highway, railway station, airport and
port.
No alternative site has been considered due to the benefits of the above site.
With its innovative technology the project is expected to meet the market demands of
the pharmaceutical products that will aid in addressing the issues in healthcare as well
as lead to economic prosperity.
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6 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP)
6.1 Introduction
The primary aim of environmental monitoring program is to formulate a systematic,
site-specific plan for monitoring the environmental parameters within the impact
area, during and after commissioning of the project, which would aid in assessing the
effectiveness of mitigation and environmental protection measures implemented for
the proposed project based on the existing environmental scenario and the probable
environmental impacts appraisal.
The plan framed for the intended facility will describe:
The details of the proposed mitigation measures taken for safeguarding the
environment at the project site as well as in the vicinity of the industrial site
Details of management plans (Greenbelt development plan, Solid waste
management plan etc
Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken after
commissioning of the project.
The associated cost components of the pollution control systems that will be
installed at the site.
For each of the environmental attributes, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters
to be monitored, location of monitoring sites, frequency and duration of monitoring and
it also denotes the applicable standards, implementation and supervising
responsibilities.
6.2 Objectives
Ensure day to day operational activities are conducted in a manner in compliance
with the applicable regulatory approvals including legislation and industry
standards
Evaluate the adequacy of mitigation and pollution control measures implemented
for reducing the adverse impacts caused during the construction and operation
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stage and suggest additional mitigation measures, if appropriate, in the light of the
results
Define a detailed framework to monitor and document for achieving full compliance
with statutory requirements
Encourage good environmental management practices through planning,
commitment and continuous improvement
Develop clearly defined environmental monitoring program designed to assess the
nature and extent of environmental impacts of the proposed operations and
progressively refine such programs against the targets
Define roles and responsibilities of site personnel and ensure that all people onsite
are fully informed of their responsibilities and accountabilities with regard to the
environment
To comply with all regulations stipulated by the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) related to air emission and liquid
effluent discharge as per air and water pollution control act/ laws
To handle hazardous wastes as per the Hazardous Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1989 and subsequent amendments
Review, improve and update environmental management procedures and standards
Establish response procedures for actual/potential environmental impacts
including community complaints and ensure corrective action is taken
Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environmental management
expenditure, Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a
cleaner and better environment
6.3 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase
Environmental impacts during the construction phase can be attributed to the site
preparation activity and the mobilization of workforce. The impacts of the
construction phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are
expected to wear out gradually on completion of the construction programme.
However, once the construction of the project is completed and its operations started,
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these operation stage impacts would overlap the impacts due to the construction
activities.
In order to mitigate such impacts and restrict them within tolerable levels, the
following measures shall be adopted:
1. Proper and prior planning of approach and access roads, and appropriate sequencing
and scheduling of all major construction activities.
2. Adoption of appropriate soil conservation programme and its timely implementation in
the proposed project site.
3. Initiation of an appropriate landscape programme including plantation of trees and
flowering plants in and around the project site particularly, at all available spaces which
would serve the dual purpose of controlling fugitive dust and abatement of noise levels in
addition to improving the aesthetics of the area.
4. Water sprinkling in the vulnerable areas to suppress the dust generated during
excavation, levelling and other operations.
5. Use of properly tuned construction machinery & vehicles in good working condition
with low noise & emission and engines turned off when not in use.
6. Control of quality of construction wastewater within the construction site through
suitable drainage system with traps for arresting the sediment load for its proposed
disposal into the main natural drainage system around the site.
7. Implementation of suitable disposal methods of sediment/ construction debris at
designated places to avoid water logging at construction site.
8. Provision of protective gears such as ear mufflers etc. for construction personnel
exposed to high noise levels and locating the temporary labour sheds for housing the
construction labourers away from the construction site.
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6.4 Environmental management plan during Operation phase
The control measures that will be undertaken during the operation phase to mitigate
the impacts that may be caused during the operation of the project are as follows:
Periodic monitoring of the environmental attributes to check the adequacy and
effectiveness of the pollution control measures employed
The major sources of emission are D.G sets, boiler stack, production block (reactor)
scrubber stacks which will be of adequate height to disperse the pollutants.
Adequate green belt has been developed to mitigate the pollution arising due to
movement of vehicles. Regular monitoring of DG-Stack and Ambient air quality will
be carried out.
Appropriate treatment of liquid effluents generated at the site-Domestic
wastewater will be treated in STP. The high TDS waste water generated from the
process will be subjected to MEE Plant for treatment and the low TDS waste water
generated will be subjected to primary and secondary treatment plant and then
disposed to CETP of MSEZL.
Noise pollution will be curbed by using proper acoustic enclosures for D.G sets and
reactors, thereby the ambient noise levels will be maintained below the CPCB limits
of 75 dB for industrial areas. Personal protective equipments will be provided to
those workers who work in areas of high noise.
Rainwater harvesting system has been designed to utilize the underground water
system sustainably.
Proper maintenance of greenbelt will be ensured.
Adequate safety measures conforming to the occupational health and safety policy
will be taken to prevent accidents/hazards to the workers.
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6.5 Fire Management Systems
6.5.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Suitability of fire extinguishers
Depending on the combustible material, fires have been classified into four types.
Suitability of extinguishing media for different fires is as follows:
S. No Class of fire Suitable Fire
Extinguisher
1
Class A
(Organic Material i.e. wood, papers,
rubber & plastics)
DCP, Mechanical Foam
2
Class B
(Flammable Liquid and Flammable
Gases i.e., Petroleum Products,
Paints, Chemicals etc.)
Mechanical Foam, CO2 and DCP
3 Class C
(Electrical) DCP and CO2
4
Class D
(Flammable Metals i.e. Magnesium,
Sodium, and Potassium etc.)
Special DCP, Sand
CO2 extinguishers are available in case of any fire emergency.
Operation of DCP fire extinguisher
DCP type of fire extinguisher contains Sodium bicarbonate should be used for B and
C type of fires.
DCP type of fire extinguisher contains TEC should be used for D Class fire. DCP type of fire extinguisher is available in various capacities i.e.5 kg, 10 kg, 22 kg
and 50 kg etc.
DCP type of fire extinguisher contains mono ammonium phosphate can be used for
A, B, C class fire.
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Operation of 5 kg & 10 kg DCP fire extinguishers(Cartridge type/Stored
pressure type)
When there is a fire noticed, take the nearest DCP extinguisher and remove the
safety clip.
Hold the hose of the extinguisher in left hand away from the face and strike the knob
for cartridge type extinguisher/press the valve for stored pressure type fire
extinguisher with right hand.
Hold the extinguisher in right hand and direct the hose of the extinguisher with left
hand.
The flow of powder has to be directed in such a manner that it has to hit the base of
the fire. Use the extinguisher till the fire is extinguished completely.
Operation of 50kg DCP fire extinguishers
Pull the fire extinguisher, position in near fire area and hold the hose of the fire
extinguishers.
Turn the knob of the CO2 cylinder anti clockwise.
DCP Powder starts flowing out of the extinguisher.
After extinguishing the fire completely turn the knob of the CO2 cylinder anti
clockwise.
Operation of Mechanical Foam fire extinguisher (Cartridge type/Stored pressure
type)
When there is a fire noticed, take the nearest MF Extinguisher and remove the safety
clip.
Hold the hose of the extinguisher in left hand away from face and strike the knob for
cartridge type extinguisher/press the valve for stored pressure type fire
extinguisher with right hand.
Precautions during the fire extinguisher operation
Only trained personnel should handle the fire extinguisher and correct fire
extinguisher for the type of fire should be used.
Use an extinguisher only after warning the other occupants of building about the
fire by activating the alarm (Ref: S/EHS/SOP/007).
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Do not attempt to put off a fire that is unconfined or spreading or that is of a
different type than what the available extinguisher is designed for.
Do not try to put off a fire, with two different extinguishers.
Do not allow the fire to come between you and the exit.
Monitor the situation after a fire is apparently out to guard against
unexpected/undetected re-ignition.
Fire extinguisher users should report any usage/emptying/ leak of extinguishers to
the EHS department for replacement and necessary corrective action.
Area representative need to monitor while servicing.
Fire Alarm System
Automated Fire Alarm System is equipped with smoke detector/flame
detector/heat detector.
Smoke/Flame/Heat is sensed by the sensors in the detectors which alarms
automatically and this is displayed in the fire Alarm panel.
Once the alarm is heard by the Incident Controller/Site Controller, they should rush
to the spot and suitable action shall be taken (Refer EHS SOP: S/EHS SOP/010,
Emergency Preparedness and Response)
Functions of fire alarm panel:
Action in case of Fire:
Identify the affected area from the LCD screen.
Press up and down arrow key on the numeric key pad to know the device address,
type and its location.
In case of multiple alarms, type password '1234' and press enter to know the
devices. Start accepting the events as per the instructions in the window.
Rush to the particular spot and extinguish the fire using the suitable fire
extinguisher.
Press silence to silence the panel s audio alarm and the external hooters. Press Reset to restore the system back to normal condition after mitigating the
emergency situation.
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Action in case of Fault:
Identify the affected device from the LCD screen.
Press the up & down arrow key on the numeric key pad to know the device address,
type and its location.
In case of multiple alarms, type password '1234' and press enter to know the
devices. Start accepting the events as per the instructions in the window.
Press 'silence' to silence the panel s audio alarm. Take corrective action and make sure that the system returns to normal status, once
the fault is rectified.
Press Reset to restore the system back to normal condition. If the detectors fail to detect Flame/Smoke/Heat, employees can use Manual Call
Point during emergency for alerting others.
Types of Manual Call Point (MCP) available in the organization
Break glass type
Handling of Break glass type MCP
If anybody observes any fire or explosion, toxic release or loss of containment in any
part of the site and wants to raise an alarm, they should go to the nearest Manual
Call Point (MCP) and break the glass of that MCP by using the hammer which is kept
near the MCP.
Once the glass gets broken, the red button inside the MCP gets released and an
alarm is heard in the hooter.
Once the alarm is heard by the Incident Controller/Site Controller, the personnel
should rush to the spot where the MCP is broken and suitable action is taken.(Refer:
S/EHS/SOP/010)
For resetting the system the red button is pressed again and the glass which has got
broken is replaced.
Now the system is back for operation.
Pull type MCP
If anybody notices any fire or explosion, toxic release or loss of containment in any
part of the site and wants to raise an alarm, the personnel should go to the nearest
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Manual Call Point (MCP) and pull down the T shaped handle which is connected to
the Switch ON button.
As soon as the button gets ON, an alarm is heard in the hooter.
Once the alarm is heard by the Incident Controller/Site Controller, they should rush
to the spot where the MCP is broken and takes suitable action (Refer:
S/EHS/SOP/010).
Reset a fire alarm pull station after it has been operated normally which requires
hex key (available at E&M department).
Open the pull station and handle to go back to its original position, allowing the
alarm to be reset from the fire alarm control panel after the station has been closed.
Now the system is back for operation.
Fire Hydrant system
Fire Hydrant system consists of:
Fire Hydrant(SH System)
Pump House
Unit trolley/Foam trolley
Hose reel drum
Sprinkler system
Operation of Single Hydrant/ Fire Escape Hydrant Box:
The entire complex is covered by an automatic Fire hydrant system for external use
and Fire escape hydrant system for internal use.
Single hydrant/Fire escape hydrant is to be used only in case of a fire emergency.
Whenever a fire is noticed, raise an alarm immediately and follow procedure as per
EHS SOP No.: S/EHS/SOP/007, Handling of Fire Alarm System.
Break the glass on the left side of the fire hose box.
Remove the key from the enclosure.
Open the fire hose box using the key.
Take out one of the fire hoses from hose box.
Unroll the hose by holding the locks of female coupling.
Connect the male coupling to the Single hydrant/Fire escape hydrant.
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Remove the branch pipe from fire hose box and fix it to female coupling of the
firehose.
Give signal to the person to open the valve of the Single hydrant/Fire escape
hydrant slowly.
Open the valve as much as required.
After the emergency call off, close the valve of Single hydrant/Fire escape hydrant.
Stop the Diesel Engine driven pump from the panel.
Disconnect the hose and the branch pipe and drain the holdup water from the fire
hose and spread it out for drying.
After the hose is dried, roll it up by keeping the female coupling inside.
Place the hose and branch pipe inside the hose box.
Lock the hose box using the key.
NOTE: In case of fire, inform engineering and maintenance about the location of the
fire.
Pump House: The detail of pump house is tabulated as below.
S.No Pump Capacity Mode of
operation
1 Jockey Pump-Hydrant 10.8 m3 /hr Auto ON/OFF
2 Electrically Driven Pump-
Hydrant 273m3 /hr Auto ON
3 Diesel Engine Driven
Pump-Hydrant 273m3 /hr Auto ON
4 Jockey Pump- Sprinkler 10.8 m3 /hr Auto ON/OFF
5 Electrically Driven Pump-
Sprinkler 173 m3 /hr Auto ON
6 Diesel Engine Driven 173 m3 /hr Auto ON
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Pump- Sprinkler
The capacity of each of the two tanks is 405m3 and the total capacity is 810 m3.
Among the two, one is sprinklers system and the other is hydrant system.
7.0 Kg/sq cm of pressure should be maintained in fire hydrant lines.
When the system pressure drops to set pressure (7.0 Kg/cm2 to 6.0 Kg/cm2) the
jockey pump comes into operation automatically to restore the system pressure and
stops automatically.
On receiving emergency (fire) call, EHS should ensure that the Electrical pump
starts automatically at the preset pressure (6.0 Kg/cm2). In case if it fails in auto
mode, start the first pump manually. If it fails, start the second pump manually.
If there is any further drop in pressure of the hydrant lines until set pressure 5.00
Kg/sq cm, stand by diesel engine driven pumps (sequentially) starts automatically.
Ensure that the stand by diesel engine driven pumps (sequentially) starts
automatically when the Electrical pump set is incapable of maintaining the set
pressures. In case of failure start the pump manually.
On receipt of intimation from safety squad after mitigation of fire, switch "OFF" all
main pumps and reset the system.
Operation of Foam Trolley
Connect male coupling of hose to the nearest hydrant points and female coupling to
the mobile foam unit.
Take another hose from the hose box connect male coupling to the mobile unit and
female coupling to foam making branch.
Open the foam unit valve.
Hold the branch properly towards the fire.
Open the hydrant valve gradually.
Spread the foam all over the area until fire completely put off.
Once the fire put off, close the valve of foam unit.
Close the Hydrant valve.
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Roll the hose after drying and keep in the hose box and another hose in the Foam
unit.
Refill the foam concentration and place it on original location.
Operation Hose Reel Drum
Pull the hose reel from the drum and then open the valve provided in the fire escape
hydrant point.
Turn ON nozzle by rotating it clockwise direction. Aim the water stream in the
direction of fire.
After completion of the operation, turn OFF nozzle by rotating it anticlockwise
direction.
Close the valve provided in the fire escape hydrant. Roll back the hose reel in to the
drum.
Operation of Sprinkler System:
The sprinkler system is installed in S11and S17.
If the temperature rises to 68 °C, the Quartzoid bulb of that particular area will
burst.
As soon as the Quartzoid bulb bursts, sprinkler system gets activated followed by
hooting of Wet Alarm.
After completion of the operation, the Quartzoid bulb has to be replaced by closing
the wet alarm valve followed by opening of drain valve.
Emergency safety equipment
Training on Emergency safety equipment shall be conducted by EHS on a regular
basis and employee should be trained on operation of Emergency safety equipment
before handling.
Emergency safety cupboard consists of different equipment (based on the activities
carried out) as listed in Annexure-01 and Operation and maintenance of safety
equipment is as follows:
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Operation of SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus)
Procedure for wearing Equipment:
Extend shoulder straps and waist belt. Put on the equipment.
Fasten the buckle and then pull the ends of waist belt away
from buckle until secure and comfortable on the hip. Tuck ends
in belt loops.
Pull down the shoulder straps until the equipment is secure
and comfortable. Tuck strap ends under waist belt.
Extend face piece head harness straps, leaving center straps in
position. Put neck strap over neck
Before opening the cylinder valve press reset button.
Open the cylinder valve fully to pressurize the system and
check the pressure gauge.
Carry out pressure leak test.
Procedure for wearing Face piece:
Fit harness overhead. Pull it back until the head strap fits
smoothly.
Adjust mask until it fits properly
Tighten the neck straps and temple straps evenly and tighten the
front strap as necessary.
Breathe normally through vent system. During venting observe the gauge-waist
alarm. The alarm should blow at cylinder pressure of 55 bar ± 5 bar.
SCBA - Face piece
Remove the equipment in a safe and hazard free area.
Unbuckle the waist belt, lift shoulder strap buckles to loosen and remove the
equipment.
Close the cylinder valve and keep in the box, Cylinder valve should be in upward
direction
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After using the equipment, inform to safety department for inspection/checking.
Operation of Resuscitator:
A resuscitator is a device which forces oxygen into lungs
of unconscious person in order to keep him /her
oxygenated and alive.
Operating Procedure:
Clear out the throat
Tilt head back
Fit mask firmly
Squeeze ball
Watch the chest which should rise and fall rhythmically.
)f the chest does not rise and fall, there may be a blockage in the victim s throat. The
tongue has occluded the air way.
There may be excessive leakage around the mask. Hold the mask tighter on the face
and squeeze little faster.
Clear any mucus from the throat every 3-4 minutes.
Continue resuscitation until the victim breathes naturally.
Fire Axe:
A fire axe is a type of axe which has been designed specifically
for the use of fire-fighters, and it includes several features
which make it ideally suited to mitigate emergency services.
First aid for burns:
It is a first aid dressing material which relieves pain, cools and helps to prevent the
contamination.
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Helmet:
A helmet with face shield is a form of protective gear worn on head to protect head
and face from hazards such as flying objects and chemical splashes or potentially
infectious fluid.
Spill Control pads:
Operation and maintenance of spill Control kit (Ref:
S/EHS/SOP/006).
Fire Suit:
Fire suit is a protective clothing designed to protect a
firefighter from high temperatures, especially near
fires of extreme temperature.
Manila rope:
Manila rope is very durable, salt water and damage resistant, flexible fiber which
shall be used to access at height/Confined space during emergency.
Canvas Stretcher:
A stretcher is a medical device used to carry injured or an incapacitated person from
one place to another during emergency.
Smoke escape mask:
Smoke masks assist people in safe egress from fire emergencies. It will provide
respiratory protection from particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and other toxic
gases commonly produced by structural fires.
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Compressed Air Pack:
An emergency air supply which will provide a sufficient quantity of air
to allow a worker to exit an oxygen depleted or contaminated area.
Powered Air Purifying respirator:
Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) is a device equipped with a
face piece, hood or helmet, breathing tube, canister, cartridge, filter,
canister with filter or cartridge with filter and a powered blower.
PAPR utilizes a powered mechanism to move ambient air
through an air-purifying element(s) to remove contaminants
from the ambient air.
Safety torch:
Compact and simple to use, this torch is designed for use in emergency situations or
wherever the need arises for a handheld safety torch.
Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure:
Spill Kit is kept in all Emergency cupboard (Refer: S/EHS/SOP/003, Emergency
Safety Cupboards), the areas mentioned as per Annexure - 01 (Spill kit index with
location and code number).
Once the spill is observed, Spill Kit shall be collected from the nearest
area/emergency cupboard installed and neutralizing agent (if required) based on
the nature of the spill. In case if the spill is not controlled, immediately declare the
emergency as per emergency response procedure. (Refer SOP: S/EHS/SOP/010,
Emergency preparedness and response).
While handling the spill, use most appropriate PPE's like SCBA, chemical suit, acid/
alkali proof hand gloves, face shield, safety goggles, gum boots or even respiratory
masks with suitable cartridges.
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Once the spill is controlled using Sorbent pad/Boom collect in a double polythene
bag and secure with the plastic ties. Dispose it as per applicable disposal procedure.
(Refer S/EHS/SOP/004, Handling of liquid and solid waste).
Report the incident of spill to EHS department through online incident reporting
System. (Refer: S/EHS/SOP/015, Incident reporting and investigation system).
Once in a month, as per the Annexure-03 (Annual Planner for the Spill Kit), the items
of the Spill Kit shall be inspected and recorded in the Annexure-02 (Inspection
Report of Spill Kit) by EHS representatives of the individual area.
Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure:
Once incipient stage of spill is observed, the observer(s) should inform Incident
Controller immediately about the spill.
IC instructs one trained personnel from the respective department to protect him
with personal protective equipment and barricade the area of spill.
Incident controller (IC) protects himself and also instructs others of the respective
area to wear PPE's such as SCBA (if required) /full face mask/chemical suit/acid /
alkali proof hand gloves/face shield/safety goggles/gum boots/even respiratory
masks with suitable cartridges (depending on the nature of spilled material ) to
make an initial inspection of the spill.
IC instructs personnel from the department to fetch Spill Kit from the nearest installation, identify the chemical that has been spilled, fetch specific MSDS and use
the procedure as described in the same to contain the spill.
In parallel IC instructs other department personnel to follow emergency shutdown
procedure except any critical processes in progress (if required) and instructs them
to protect with personal protective equipment to contain the spill.
Further IC instructs (if required) one person to break nearest MCP & dial internal emergency telephone number . IC shall deploy department personnel with Spill kit to mitigate the situation. If
required, even neighboring department safety squad personnel shall get ready with
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PPE to collect chemical sorbents (depending on the nature of the material that has
spilled) to arrest and contain the spill.
In case the situation goes out of control, IC will initiate emergency response procedure or even OSEP to mitigate the spill. Once the spill is controlled & contained dispose the used sorbents or booms by
following specified disposal procedure applicable to that chemical.
Do not dispose these used chemical booms in dustbins or waste containers.
On investigation, EHS will arrange to replenish the spill kit with exhausted items.
In case affected department fails to report the spill incident and EHS checks during
their safety rounds/checks and finds out the usage of spill kits without incident log, such cases will be considered as Safety Violations and suitable corrective action shall be initiated against the in charge of the respective department as per
S/EHS/SOP/008, Handling of Safety Violations.
It is the responsibility of respective departments HOD to deploy and ensure their
own identified personnel to attend EHS training sessions with respect to mitigation
of spills/such emergencies, PPE, SCBA, EPR, Mock drills or any other related topic
and prepare his team to be ready for such emergencies.
6.6 Post Project Environmental Monitoring
It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to
assess the quality of the neighbouring environment after the commissioning of the
project. An environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful
information and helps to:
Verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study assist in
detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus,
provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and identify the
effectiveness of mitigative measures suggested in the EMP.
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6.6.1 Monitoring Program
After commissioning of the project, post project monitoring of environmental
parameters will be carried out at regular intervals. The monitoring programme in
different areas of the environment has been based on the findings of the impact
assessment studies. The post project monitoring programme including areas, number
and location of monitoring stations, frequency of sampling and parameters to be
covered is summarized in Table 6.1.
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Table 6-1Post Project Environmental monitoring program
S.
No
Area of
Monitoring
Number of
Sampling Stations
Frequently of
Sampling
Parameters to be
Analyzed
1. Meteorology One Hourly and
Daily basis.
Wind speed and direction,
Temperature, Relative
Humidity, Atmospheric
pressure, Rainfall.
2. Ambient Air
Quality
2 Stations Twice a
week:24
hourly period
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, VOC and
NO2
3. Noise 4 (two within plant
premises and two
outside plant
premises)
Once every
season
Ambient Equivalent
continuous Sound Pressure
Levels (Leq) at day and
Night time.
4. Liquid
Effluents
Main Plant Effluents Weekly pH, Temp, Conductivity,
TSS, TDS, BOD, Phenol.
Sanitary Effluents Monthly pH, TSS, BOD
5. Exhaust from
DG set
Stack of DG set Quarterly PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & CO
6. Vehicular
Emissions
Parking area Periodic
monitoring of
vehicles
Air emission and noise, PCU
7. Solid waste /
Hazardous
waste
Check conformance
to HWM rules
Quantity and
Quality
monitoring
Periodically
8. Soil Two Locations
within the Project
Site
Yearly Once Physicochemical properties,
Nutrients, Heavy metals
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9. Terrestrial
Ecology
Within 10km,
around the project
Once in three
years
Symptoms of injuries on
plants
6.7 Greenbelt development Plan
As per the rules and regulations laid by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), it is legally
mandatory to earmark 33% of the project area for green belt development to
promote integration of environmental issues with industrial development projects.
The greenbelt development at the proposed site involves selection and plantation of
groups of species of trees and shrubs based on a comprehensive research and in-
depth technical knowledge on the type of industry, prevalent climatic conditions,
plant and soil diversity, geology, topography of the site area and budget to make the
industrial premises biologically diverse, safe and sustainable. The greenbelt
development will be designed in compliance with the industry-specific requirements,
standards and government regulations.
The purpose of developing the green belt in and around the industrial site is for:
Preventing land degradation and erosion of topsoil due to activities during
construction phase
Containment and Abatement of pollution in the industrial environment, capturing of
fugitive emissions if any and thereby improving the quality of the surrounding
environment
Substantially reducing the adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed
industrial activity
Serving as a barrier for attenuating the intensity of noise generated
Enhancing the biodiversity index of the region
Adding aesthetic value to the project area
Maintaining the ecological equilibrium of the area
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Development of green belt will include:
1) Plantation along the boundary / periphery and all over the project site for protection
against particulate dispersion and noise dispersion. The peripheral greenbelt will vary in
width to suit the plant design requirement.
2) Plantation along approach road and pathways for protection against noise and
vehicular emissions.
The following general guidelines and measures will be adopted:
The plantation of trees will be initiated with start of the construction stage so that
substantial growth may be achieved when the project is completed. The greenbelt
development programme will be drawn to conform to natural climatic conditions and
adaptability of the species.
Species involved in plantation / afforestation should be indigenous, fast growing and
eco-friendly.
Proper drainage system and proper plantation techniques should be adopted.
Plantation should be properly maintained and protected by fencing from grazing and
felling. The plantations would consist of a mixture of carefully chosen locally available
species of trees, shrubs and herbs, preferably evergreen and resistant to pollution.
Endemic and endangered species varieties will be planted in the green belt of the site
6.8 Occupational Health and Safety Program
M/s. Syngene International Ltd. aims at fostering a safe and healthy work
environment to its employees by conducting annual medical check-ups for all
employees.
The main objectives will be
i) Maintenance and promotion of workers health and working capacity
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ii) Improvement of working environment by following well-being program for its
employees.
iii) Monitor the workplace to maintain industrial hygiene practices
iv) Development of work culture in a direction which will support health and safety
at work and thereby promoting positive social climate for smooth operation
that will enhance productivity
v) Syngene proposes to allocate a fund of 18 Lakhs for the Occupational health and
safety.
vi) Area monitoring shall be done once the plant is ready for production.
vii) People working in that area shall undergo annual health checkup.
viii) All personnel shall be provided with personal Protective equipments
individually as required.
6.8.1 Construction Phase:
The activities undertaken during the pre-operation phase may pose occupational
safety and health issues. Hence the following measures will be employed:
Personal Protective equipments will be provided to the workers
Occupational Health Centre will be facilitated to address the emergencies that may
arise
Personnel will be trained about fire fighting systems and first aid
Regular monitoring of occupational health of employees
6.8.2 Operation Phase
General Functions of the safety committee:
Conduct routine workplace inspections
Provide Personal Protective Equipment
Develop and implement safe work procedures and rules
Provide on-going safety training
Enforce safety rules and appropriate discipline
Promote safety awareness and reduce the potential for injury/loss
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Identifying workplace hazards
Enforcement of safety rules
Measuring safety performance
Reducing frequency/severity of injuries
6.9 Environmental Safety Policy of Syngene International Limited
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6.10 Environment Management Cell
For the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and consistent
functioning of the proposed project, an Environmental Management System has been
proposed. The EMS will include the following:
Environmental Management Cell
Environmental Monitoring Program
Personnel Training
Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action Plan
Documentation-Standard Operating procedures of Environmental Management
Hierarchical system/administrative order of Syngene International limited for
Environmental management
The following organizational set up will be formulated to ensure the effective
implementation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring.
The major roles and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows:
To implement the environmental management plan
To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices
To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations
EHS Head
Manager Deputy
Manager
Assistant
Manager
Assistant
Executive
Senior
Executive
(2)
Junior
Executive
Executive
Junior
Executive
Operator
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To minimize environmental impacts of operations by strict adherence to the EMP
To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule
Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case
monitored results are above the specified limit
Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable
environmental laws
Maintain environmental related records
Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants and monitoring
laboratories
6.11 Cost Estimate for Environment Management Plan
S.No. Description Cost (Rs)
1) Air Pollution 1.20 Crores
2) Waste Water Treatment MEE- 3.5 Crores, 30 Lakhs-ETP, 26 Lakhs-
STP
3) Green Belt Development 5 Lakhs
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7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Disaster Management Plan
An onsite emergency plan is attributed to the response plan that contains and minimizes
the effects due to emergencies within the installations which have a potential to cause
damage to people and facilities within the installation premises.
The On-site emergency Plan is attached as Annexure-10.
7.2 R& R
Rehabilitation and resettlement is not applicable since the project is in MESZL of
Mangalore Industrial Area.
7.3 Risk Assessment
The Detailed risk assessment report for the proposed project is enclosed as Annexure-10.
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8 PROJECT BENEFITS
The Proposed project aims at setting up a commercial manufacturing unit for the
production of novel chemical entities such as APIs and Intermediates that will play a
vital role in the health care sector to treat various diseases and thereby addresses
the market demand.
The products manufactured at this facility will be exported that will aid in adding to
the revenue of the nation.
The corporate social responsibilities that will be taken up by the proposed project
will improve the well being of the society and the corporate responsibilities towards
the protection of the environment will help in conserving the ecosystem.
It will also provide employment opportunities to a larger population.
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9 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
9.1 Summary
An environmental Impact Assessment Study has been carried out and assessed for the
proposed project based on the ToR and baseline quality data collected for the study area.
Identification and anticipation of the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed
project with a delineation of appropriate impact mitigation measures in an Environmental
Management plan during both construction and operation phases is provided in the EIA
report prepared.
The proposed project will ensure that the industrial activities relevant to the project are
environmentally sound with no adverse impacts posed on the natural environment in the
surrounding area.
The marginal impacts that might be caused by the proposed activity will be mitigated by
the implementation of the proposed pollution control and environmental management
measures.
In a true and a larger sense, in view of the considerable benefits from the project with no
major impacts, the proposed project is said to be more beneficial to the nation.
The EMP that will be implemented for the construction and operation stages of the project
will include:
Air Pollution control and management
Noise Control and Management
Hazardous and Solid waste Management
Sewage treatment and Management
Effluent treatment and Management
Hazardous and solid waste management
Risk Assessment and Onsite emergency Plan
In order to effectively implement the EMP planned, an environmental management system
will be formulated.
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9.2 Conclusion
The baseline study carried out for the study area indicates that all the physical,
chemical and biological characteristics of the environmental attributes in the
surrounding area are well within the permissible limits.
Based on this environmental assessment, the possible impacts during both pre-
project and post-project phase are anticipated and the necessary adequate control
measures are formulated to meet the statutory compliances.
With very minute negative impacts, the project positively leads to commercial
business opportunities, Employment opportunities, increased revenue and
infrastructural development.
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10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
Details of the consultancy and consultant engaged are as follows:
Table 10-1 Details of the Consultant
Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai
NABET Certificate No NABET/ EIA/ 1013/ 041
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)
accreditation for Laboratory services for ISO17025
MoEF&CC Recognized Laboratory
ISO 9001:2008 qualified and certification by URS
Environmental Management System complying AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004
Occupational Health & Safety Management System OHSAS 18001:2007
Approved by Karnataka PCB and Kerala PCB.
Achilles joint qualification system. Achilles Id.15148
Kiwa Quality Management System