Environmental Impact Assessment Final

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Environmental Impact Assessment for a

Proposed AC Milan Hydroelectric Power

Generation Plant to be site at

Avocat Village, Ravine, Blannchisseuse

Prepared By

Surindra Basdeo

Prepared For

ENM 235

Lecturer: Mr. Vivian Joseph

In Association With

Cipriani College of Labour & Co-Operative Studies

April 2009

1



Cipriani College of

Labour &

Co-Operative Studies

Churchill Roosevelt Highway, Valsayn

Name: Surindra Basdeo

Student I.D #: 2006030585

Program: Bachelors of Science Occupational Safety;

Health; Environment.

Course: Environmental Investigative and Impact

Assessment Technique

Code: ENM 235

2



Lecturer: Mr. Vivian Joseph

TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE #

Preface

5

Acknowledgment 5

Introduction 6

QUESTION 7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Background 8

Introduction 9

Transformation chart 10

Site Map 11

Residual Environmental Impact 12

Residual Social Impact 12

Mitigation Measures 12-13

Environmental Management Plan 13

CONCLUSION 1

Required Approval \ Agency 14-15

Certificate of Environmental Clearance 16-17

3



SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE:

Quality Management 18

Terrestrial Map 19

BASELINE STUDY:

Topography 20

Drainage 20

Geology 20-21

Flora 20

Avi-Fauna\ Terrestrial Fauna 21-22

Rainfall 23

Sewage 23

Healthcare 23

Water Quality 24

Impact Prediction 24-25

Impact Assessment 26

Mitigation Measures 27-29

Conclusion 2 30-36

Bibliography 37

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Preface:

This project compiles together, to explain the effects of some Environmental effects

Positive or Negative Impact that a Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant would have on

the community and surrounding area of Avocat Village, Blanchissues, the citizens

anatomical and physiological system that resides in that perimeter. It intends to identify

the problems, allow you to understand the predictable effects, and the necessary measures

to deal with it. Give an understanding with the presentation of information from differentexperts. Explain the control.

As we are now into the twentieth century dramatic, a change has seen to affect the

perspective of the Environment and Workplace safety. The most notable of these is the

instant availability of detailed information on all subjects pertaining to health. Since the

inception of the Environmental and Safety regulations and OSHA laws, one of the

principal problems was how to find relevant information and essential information. What

was need, thought, strategy or guidance for coming into compliance with the volume

standards? This is considered one of the best strategies for Sustainable Safety and

Environmental development.

Acknowledgment:

This project Environmental Impact Assessment would not have been conducted without

the help and forbearance of a number of people. I wish to acknowledge the support

information of Cipriani College of Labour and Co- Operative Studies (CCLCS) in this

endeavor, especially that given by Mr. Vivian Joseph. I am indebted to a number of

colleagues for their helpful suggestion and provision of materials. In particular, special

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thanks are due to the Mr. Hatim Ali. A special mention should be made to the author of all

the reference books that were used for information to complete this project and the

document of institution or organization that was also included.

Introduction:

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) if not completed, is a situation that could

result in Negative Safety and Environmental occurrence or armed conflict that produces

stress, personal injury physical damage, and economic disruption of great magnitude.

EIA is a high – priority item for Health Safety and Environmental Managers. Although

passed of by some health and safety professionals as technical and not necessary, it is

actually a challenging task with new technologies pressing the state of the art.

EIA has some obvious prediction and some not-so-obvious ones. Almost everyone

respects the danger of not conducting an EIA, but serious consideration must continue to

occur, and acceptable means of guarding both obvious and subtle hazards impact from

leading to disaster needs to be considered.

While all hydroelectric dams have some environmental impact, the impacts vary widely,

and current regulations and policies attempt to address environmental concerns. A dam

may either create a reservoir or may be a run-of-river project that does not store large

amounts of water but simply takes advantage of a river's natural flow. A dam that Fish

ladder. creates a reservoir may flood a large area upstream, and can change flow patterns

and impact flooding downstream with resulting environmental consequences, either

positive or negative. Fish migration, which has long been a concern associated with

dams, is often addressed with fish ladders and other structures to ensure the successful

movement of fish both upstream and downstream.

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QUESTION:

The proposal put forward for consideration was a Hydroelectric Power Generation

Plant, with all modern facilities (water, electricity, telephone, cable, etc.).

Additional development and infrastructure includes flood control measures,

turbine (water wheel), generator, controls, switchgear and facilities for water

sports, to become tourist attractions (one of the positive effect that accompaniesthis development)

Assign:

To conduct an EIA

Do a baseline study, information on the geology, topography, flora, fauna, water,

water quality, rainfall and air quality pollution.

Identify and describe the live hood impact on the environment (positive &

negative) going back into the baseline looking at the environment, people

lifestyle, and present land use and how that impacted on lifestyle.

Assess the significance of those impacts (positive & negative)

Mitigation, what measures can be implemented to mitigate, negative impact and

exploit positive impact.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background

In March of 2009, AC Milan Power Generation Company Limited and the citizens of

Avocat Village, Blanchissues proposed to the Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries,

and the, Ministry of Tourism Industry of Trinidad & Tobago for the development of The

Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant. The proposal put forward for consideration was a

Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant, with all modern facilities (water, electricity,

telephone, cable, etc.). Additional development and infrastructure includes flood control

measures, turbine (water wheel), generator, controls, switchgear and facilities for water

sports, to become tourist attractions. This project is the first on this large scale that moves

Trinidad & Tobago further downstream in the Energy and Tourism Industry and involvesa collaborative effort, from the Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries and the

Ministry of Tourism acting on behalf of the government of Trinidad & Tobago and the

Environmental Management Authority of Trinidad & Tobago acting on the public.

A joint venture has been formed to manage the project development and ownership of

this Power Generation Plant, The Environmental Management Authority of Trinidad and

Tobago and The National Reforestation Watershed & Rehabilitation Program to look after

necessary adjustment that would have to be made for environmental disturbance. AC

Milan Power Generation Company, Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries, and

Ministry of Tourism for Creating and financing, the community of Avocat Village and

surrounding areas with approximately 250 direct jobs with the projected minimum 2:1

ratio of indirect job creation in support services and entrepreneurial activities.

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TRANSFORMATION FACILITIES

Hydroelectric Power

Generation Plant

Tourism Industry Park Direct Jobs Indirect Jobs

(125 Jobs in the Private

Businesses in the Community

and surrounding area)Food and beverage

Transportation

Workers & Visitors accommodation

Auto Vehicles Maintenance

Private health care

(10 workers)Tour guides

Maintenance workers

Hospitality

(250 Plant workers)Directors

Managers

Supervisors

Laborers

Maintenance workers

Water sports development (water polo)

Tourist attraction

Aesthetic development

Entrepreneur,

Ethical growth

Cultural growth

Holistic development

Accessibility

Infrastructure

Economical developmentSocial development

Healthcare development

Security

10



Site Map of the Propose Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant

at Blanchisseuse Forest

11



The CEC Rules, 2001 were made under section 26(h) of the Environmental Management

Act, 2000 and came into effect on July 7 2001. The CEC (Designated Activities) Order,

2001 outline a list of activities that requires a CEC Order, 2001- establishment of the

proposed AC Milan Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant is consistent with activity

26(h). The CEC rule describes the process to apply for and obtain a CEC. Rule 5(1) of the

CEC Rules describe the process for preparation of the TOR for an Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) Study While Rule 10 outlines the standard of preparation of EIA.

Residual Environment Impacts

The AC Milan Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant would be modern design that

incorporates a number of engineering design elements that will allow it to meet relevant

Environmental Protection Agency, de-forestation, effluent discharges solid and hazardous

waste treatment and disposal, wild life protection society and standard for gaseous

emissions. The industry design will also allow it to comply full with regulatory

requirements for pollution prevention and control to be made.

Residual Social Impacts

There would be resentment among residents of the communities surrounding Avocat

Village regarding the development of this large Energy Industry in there “backyard”, As a

rural community may be transformed into a big industry. They may be skeptical of the

benefits to be derived from the industry (jobs, business development etc.) and not

outsiders.

Mitigation Measures

Residual Environment Impacts

The major potential impacts of the AC Milan Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant

would be at the design stage and maintenance of the project as discussed above. This

level of impact mitigation is however precedent on the running of this industry in strict

accordance with design standards and standards operational procedures. To ensure that

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this is achieved, the industry must be run on the principle of continuous improvement in

accordance with the ISO 9001-2000 Standard for quality management, ISO 14001 for

environmental management and ISO 18001 for health and safety environmental

management.

Residual Social Impacts

The management of community issues is never simple and requires the establishment of

open line of communication between the industrial stakeholders and its residential

neighbour. There is also the need for public awareness, public education and the

community right to know so that the residents of the communities around the AC Milan

Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant are well informed and cognizant of all issues

relating to the industry.

Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Authority must ensure that a comprehensive health,

safety and environmental management system, modeled along the lines of the ISO 14001

and ISO 18001 international guidelines, to ensure compliance with all applicable laws

and standards and the industry’s corporate standards of performance. The industry

corporate performance should be governed by its stated HSE policy and its policies and

procedures that governed standard operational procedures emergency planning and

response, and community right to know. The Environmental Management Authority must

ensure that an environmental monitoring plan must be included and in-co-operated in the

condition for grant of the CEC.

Conclusion

The aim of this project is to develop the area of Avocat Village and Surrounding areas

into an Energy industry without having any major effect on the environment, and what

ever negative effect it may have, correct environmental procedure would be in placed to

avoid\reduce it. At the same introduce a better social life for the citizen in that community

by creating new and dynamic opportunity.

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Environment

Monitoring Program • Environmental Management

Authority

Electrical Regulation • Electricity Commission

Provision For Car Parking • Town and Country Planning

Landscaping • Town and Country Planning

Advertisements\ Sign • Town and Country Planning

Approval of Planning Permission • Town and Country Planning

Certificate of Environmental Clearance (CEC)

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Under the Certificate of Environmental Clearance Rules, new development requires an

application for a Certificate of Environmental Clearance (CEC). The purpose of the CEC

is to determine the environmental impact of the proposed activity.

A description of the activity explaining-

• The purpose and objective of the activity?

The construction and development of AC Milan Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant

• A description of the site and the areas likely to be affected by the proposed

activity?

A rural forested area along a main river and waterfall

• The size and scale of the activity including capacity, throughput, land space and

covered areas?

50 acres that is a very dense forested area, low population

• The type of process and equipment or machinery to be involved?

Heavy construction equipment, a lot of excavation and clearance

• The types, quantity and source of input materials?

Electricity, telephone, cables, all modern facilities to accommodate the village population

of approximately 500(subjected to change with development) and the Industry population

of approximately 200 at one time.

• The quantity and destination of any by-products, including waste?

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Sewage products, garbage, smoke emission; noise emission etc. from approximately 200

per day, to be recycled and disposed by the regional co-operation; smoke traps; and sound

proofing.

• The modes of transportation that will be used to carry out the proposed activity

and the potential effects of such transportation?

Automobile transport, The effect would be the risk of trucks and cars flowing in opposite

direction on winding hill corners; the release of extra carbon monoxide in to an

environmentally sensitive area; the access road will have to be maintained at a higher

cost.

• The frequency or rate of extraction with respect to the use of the natural

resources?

The initial de-forestation should be the only one; the preservation of the wild life would

be kept with the exception of recreational hunting during the season; the use of fossil fuel

will be monitored\regulated; the system will include a rehabilitation program that would

be fit when necessary and according to the situation.

• The expected life of the project?

As it maintain sustainable development it will continue (life)

• Maps, plans, diagram etc.

All provided in the attachment.

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Scope and Objective

The proposal put forward for consideration In March of 2009, AC Milan Power

Generation Company Limited and the citizens of Avocat Village, Blanchissues proposed

to the Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries, Ministry of Tourism Industry of Trinidad & Tobago for the development of The Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant.

The proposal put forward for consideration was a hydroelectric power generation plant,

with all modern facilities (water, electricity, telephone, cable, etc.). Additional

development and infrastructure includes flood control measures, turbine (water wheel),

generator, controls, switchgear and facilities for water sports, to become tourist

attractions. This project is the first on this large scale that moves Trinidad & Tobago

further downstream in the Energy and Tourism Industry and involves a collaborative

effort, from the Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries, Ministry of Tourism acting on

behalf of the government of Trinidad & Tobago and The Environmental Management

Authority of Trinidad & Tobago acting on the public.

Quality Management

In order to assure the quality of the project, quality management will be the central to the

construction, operation and management of the project. Responsibilities for quality will

be defined for all levels of the organization; however it will be the project manager that

will have the overall responsibility of the quality management. The project manager will

work closely with quality inspectors who will be responsible for:

• Assessment of the action on quality and responsible

• Supervision

• Checking before acceptance

•

Evaluation, and quality information management

• Submission for social, environmental, and construction quality

Time and labour would be in assurance system (ISO 9001: 2000)

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General location for the proposed

Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant

Waterfall

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Baseline Study:

Topography:

The topography and drainage of the MHR site were determined by field reconnaissanceand existing plot plans of the site.

The site has a man made road through the dense forest. The site is approximately 452 ft

streaming from 10’46’51.26 N to 61’18’59.94W

Drainage:

• On – site Drainage

Field reconnaissance indicated that there was no evidence of any on – site drainage with

the exception of a few stagnated pools of water in the lower lying area in Ravine. Hence,

present runoff from happy hill flows into the main Marianne River by means of the

natural water paths due to the present topography of the site.

Geology:

General Geology:

This site falls within a physiographic known as the Blanchisseuse forest that is a broad

synclinal feature filled with Cenozoic sediments (quarries). The development site lies

approximately 18 km from the Arima Main road. A major road, that makes up part of the

urban area in Trinidad.

Bedrock:

The principal geological unit underlying the site is the Ravine Formation. This bedrock

comprises a Pliocene succession of massive sandstones and siltstones. The upper

northeastern area is made of clay, the lower of sand and silts.

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Terrestrial Fauna:

In September 2003, a study conducted by the Institute of Marine Affairs, identified as

common, this was agreed upon by the members of the National Reforestation Watershed

& Rehabilitation Program

DISCRIPTION LOCAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

A large semi nocturnal rodent

brownish with white spot

Lappe Cuniculus paca

A burrowing mammal with the

body encased in bony plates

Tatou Armadillo

Fast running rodent rain forest

mammal, famous for its speed

and endurance, they live inmonogamous pairs

Gouti Dasyprocta Agouti

A fast four leg animal that has

great speed,

Deer Antelope

A green lizard that live mostly

on trees

Guana Iguana

Red animal that swings from

tree to tree

Red Howler Monkey Alouatta Seniculus

Insularis

Birds

Parrots, Mankin, Tuco, Big eye Grieve

Aquatic

Necturus Maculosus (Cray fish)

Very few of the above was observed at the site exploration

Rainfall:

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Data was provided by the Water Resource Agency for the area of Blanchisseuse, Avocat

Village, the recording station located North of the proposed , for the period 1997-2002

over a six year period the driest month based on monthly average rainfall was March,

with an average of 27mm while the wettest month was July with an average monthly

rainfall of 260mm. The wettest year was 1998 with over 1967mm while 2000 was the

driest over the period with 1387mm of rainfall.

Sewage Treatment:

There was no individual sewage in this area. Individual building is sewerage by septic

tanks\soak away system or pit latrine. No treatment plant will be provided for the

Hydroelectric Power Generation Plant

Healthcare Facilities:

The closest facility is about 18km from the proposed Hydroelectric Power Generation

Plant however this unit cannot deal with sever emergency cases.

Air Quality:

The air quality at present would be at the right standard because there is nothing of thenature that will contribute to air pollution.

Telecommunication:

There was no cable in that particular area to access telephone communication, the closest

to the area is on the Arima main road approximately 30km to the nearest point.

Water Quality:

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The water quality monitoring is the: Marianne River (upstream and downstream). The

Institute of Marine Affairs conducted the water quality monitoring in 2004 on behalf of

the ACHPG. The results follow as well the standard (appendix)

IMPACT PREDICTION

The potential for changes to water quality, air quality and soil quality that might

increase that might increase human exposure to contaminant directly or indirectly.

The potential health implication of the compounds that will be released to the river

and the environment from the proposed operation in the relation to exposure limits

established for acute and chronic adverse effect on human health and safety.

The cumulative health and environmental effects that is likely to result from the

project in combination with other existing, approved, and proposed project or

reasonably foreseeable activities in the area.

Risk of leak and spill into the environment (river)

Social impacts as it relates to: employment and training, local procurement,

population / demographic movements, natural resource management and land use,

demands on local services and utilities, vulnerable groups (youths and elderly,

handicap, squatters, etc.) lifestyle and culture.

Impact of the project during the construction and operation phase on transportation

planning and traffic; potential health and safety impacts due to change in traffic

condition, such as increased volume and increase incidence of large / heavy vehicle

Increase in noise directly affecting the environment and communities

Increase in dust, odour; change in the aesthetic character of the communities

Temporary or permanent dislocation \ relocation of villagers

The introduction of increased danger (fire, explosion, gaseous emission, and other

hazardous substance) to the communities

Change in emergency response time to any of the above or other factors as a result

of inadequate resources (fire services, police, EHS etc.)

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Impacts on habitat use (species migration)

Impacts on sensitive species including endangered and commercially exploited

Expected changes in health of flora and fauna with the introduction of activities.

Expected changes in the quantity and type of species existing in the study area

Impact on the aquatic ecology

The impact of outfall (sewage and any possible water on the ambient water quality

at discharge points; the cumulative impact of the continuous / long term discharge at

the proposed site outfall point(s) of the project.

Impact vegetation and soil saturation

Dust generation and movements off site during the construction phase

The impact of drainage pattern that can affect near by communities

As a preliminary conclusion it was noted that in the other tropical reservoirs CH4 is

emitted as bubbles and CO2 are emitted by molecular diffusion.

These are the valued ecosystem components

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

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VEC IMPACT DURATION MAGNITUDE SPATIAL

EXTENT

TYPE PROBABILITY RA

Water

Resource

Increase

Demand

Moderate Small Regional Direct Medium 2

Air

Quality

Decline in

quality

Short Small Local Indirect

And

Cumulative

Low 1

Communities

&

Lifestyle

Social Permanent Great Local

To

Regional

Direct Medium 2

Flora Environment

Permanent Great Local

To

Regional

Direct High 3

Fauna Environment

Long Great Local

To

Regional

Direct Medium 2

Topology Environment

Long Moderate Local

To

Regional

Direct Medium 2

Geology Environmen

t

Long Moderate Local

To

Regional

Direct Medium 2

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Mitigation Measures

General

Environmental awareness training of construction workforce should beconducted, emphasizing the relevant mitigation measures for their area of

responsibility.

Limit the area of disturbance, or ‘footprint’ to that essential for the project.

Safe the topsoil by stripping and stockpile prior to construction

On completion of work ensure topsoil is re-spread over disturbed area to promote

natural regeneration.

Fencing work areas to exclude livestock and vehicles

Water Quality:

Ensure that ground water is not use for portable purpose due to hydrocarbon

contamination (natural)

Schedule measures to avoid or reduce erosion by phasing work program

Collect and treat any contaminated water prior to discharge off site. This includes

sediments from rainfall run off.

Create temporary ponds for control of water runoff from site prior to discharge

point at Marianne River; create sediment barriers to filter water.

At diversion channel and culverts designed to divert flow and to control runoff,

ensure the outlets have adequate source protection. This may include riprap (rocks

held with wire mesh) or geo-textile material.

Design topsoil stockpile to prevent excessive lost by wind and water.

Septic tanks should be monitored for leaks and appropriate method statement and

spill plans should be in place prior to septic tank installation / use / transfer.

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Air Erosion Control:

Provision should be made for dust suppression during the period of the day

Use water trucks for regular watering of road

Minimize the traffic where possible

Re- vegetation and establishment of ground covers

Use surface binding / sealing agents on high traffic surface

Noise:

Design for use noise suppression or equipment / process change to ensure noise

levels are within the required limit (state limit)

Locate access paths and the facilities as far away as possible

Flora and Fauna:

During the initial clearing for construction, the site shall be assessed for compliance with the performance criteria and the EMP requirements.

Ensure vegetation is not disturbed outside the defined areas of construction

Ensure riparian areas (vegetation adjacent to waterways / Marianne River etc.) are

clearly marked and identified. Awareness training needs to be given to make sure

these areas are avoided.

Limit clearing vegetation to that essential for the project

Fauna inhabiting area should be allowed to relocate naturally

Education to construction crew not to hunt or kill fauna

Design night-light not to shine directly to sensitive habitat areas or residential area

Prior to entry on site machinery should be washed down to avoid disease.

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Replanting should include the purchase of flora that may promote biodiversity. An

ecologist should be able to provide a sustainable replanting scheme.

Air quality:

A machine idling ‘switch off’

Vehicular use should be minimized

Vehicle and equipment must be maintained

Smoke stack where necessary and would reduce any emission as possible

Gas:

Use lean burn process equipment where possible.

Electricity:

Use low energy product where possible.

Place under ground if possible

Telecommunication

Use environmentally safe phones (cell phone that are available presently)

Place under ground if possible

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CONCLUSION:

The government of Trinidad and Tobago in its vision to transform the country into a

develop society by the year 2020 seeks to implement policies and programs that would

promote sustainable development and enhance the quality of life of all citizen. The

integration of the National Reforestation and Rehabilitation Programs (NRWRP) into the

society development agenda provides a unique vehicle, from the multi-dimensional

perspective, of creating meaningful long term sustainable employment while at the same

time addressing the issue of conservation and the wise use enhancement of our natural

renewable resources. It also provides the opportunity to empower communities to care for

their own environment and the resources on which they depend for a live hood.

The forest plantation and natural forests have lately come under sever threat from over-

exploitation, illegal logging, quarrying, squatting, slash and burn agriculture, forest fire

and other activities. The destruction of our forest cover will lead to higher incidence of

soil erosion with increased siltation of rivers, major watercourse and costal areas. Reduce

aquifer recharge and increased flooding in low-lying areas will also occur.

This program provides the mechanism and the resource for dealing with these problems

with active community participation. The aim is to improve and maintain the productivity

and value of lands under the jurisdiction of the state. Private land owners will also be

actively encouraged to join in this national effort to enhance the integrity of the nation’s

watershed and forest. This program also provides an opportunity for the identification and

development of socioeconomic initiatives at the local level through the protecting the

natural fauna (wildlife) and flora including hiking trail, waterfalls, caves, and

monuments. These opportunities wherever identified (Avocat Village) will be explored

through promotion at the local level and transmitted from the Energy Sector to the

tourism sector for further development, the establishment of the Hydroelectric Power

30



Generation Plant within, also generate high attraction for Tourism and Sport with the

beautification of the Reservoir (Diversification). Community involvement and active

participation at all stages would be encouraged. National Food Security will be

augmented through agro- forestry initiatives. (Arable land is cultivated in the area)

The following are cause of land degradation:

Squatting

Forest fire

Shifting cultivation / slash and burn

Quarrying

Improper agriculture practice

Garbage dumping

Development activities, e.g. housing

Consequences:

Increased flooding

Reduced water quality and quantity

Siltation

Erosion, landslides, gully and loss in soil fertility

Loss of forest cover

Loss of biodiversity (flora & fauna)

Increased socio-economic cost due to blocked drains, roads, schools, stores,

markets, loss of crops and livestock.

31





One of many Formulas:

(Base on expectancy)

Low-1

Medium-2

High-3

Biodiversity:

Water resource- 2

Air quality- 1

Community - 2

Flora- 3

Fauna- 2

Topology- 2

Geology- 2

TOTAL- 14

MEAN= 14\7=2

Recreation:

Water polo- 2

Fishing- 2

Total- 4

Mean= 4\2=2

Economical Productivity:

Job Creation- 3

Business Develop 3

Cost reduction 3

Diversity 3

Total- 12

Mean = 12\4=3

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Cultural Aesthetic:

Beautification- 3

Increase in utilities 3

Accesses road 3

Social interaction 3

Total- 12

Mean = 12\4=3

Components Values

Biodiversity 2

Recreation 2

Economic Productivity 3

Cultural Aesthetic 3Total 11

Stressor: Toxic Chemical, Excess Nutrients, Erosion\Sedimentation, Human over

Crowding.

Frequency Value Severity Value

Remotely possible 1 Minor loss\rapid recovery 1

Possible 2 Partial loss\ rapid recovery 2

Likely in near future 3 Partial loss\ long term recovery 3

Occasionally 4 Major loss\long term recovery 4

Ongoing 5 Total loss\minimum recovery 5

Progressively increasing 6 Irreversible loss 6

Stressors Frequency(F) Severity(S) (F*S)

Toxic stressor 1 1 1

Excess nutrient 2 1 2

Erosion 3 2 6

Human over crowding 2 1 2

Total 11

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For evaluation: (F*S) X Total pro value

= 11x11

Total = 121

The permissible value is 300 therefore the value of this project is very much within

the permissible range

Ref: Pg. 53

World Commission on Dams,

Thematic Review II.2: Dams and Global Change

The slow yet steady accumulation of scientific data on methane emissions indicates that

although, in principle, hydroelectric power plants emit less than a fossil fuel power plant

with the same energy generation, there is no justification for claiming that hydro does not

contribute significantly to global warming and climate change. This has to be assessed on

a case by case basis. However the science base is not yet able to give accurate guidance

to planners on whether a new reservoir will or will not emit methane. More research is

needed in order to be able to do this, and this should focus on the following areas.

• What would be the carbon cycle with and without the reservoir?

• How does one account for the stock of carbon by flooding vs growth and decay of

forest?

• How important are the first rapid peaks of methane emission in the total quantity

that will be emitted?

In general it can be said that the risk of methane emissions can be reduced by:

• Avoiding low W/m2 ratios

• Clearing the reservoir of all biomass prior to flooding

35



References:

• National Reforestation and Watershed Rehabilitation Program (NRWRP) Ministry

of Public Utilities and Environment, 2009

• Mr. Anil Mahabir, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry Division, 2007

• Mr. Housein, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry Division, 2007

36



• Mr. Hatim Ali, Cipriani College of Labour and Co-Operative Studies

• Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook of Chemical Hazard

• IMA 2003. Environmental Impact Assessment for the Establishment of

development• IMA 2003. Environmental Impact Assessment for the Establishment of water

quality

• IMA 2003. Environmental Impact Assessment for the Establishment of noise

monitoring

• Impact Assessment Theory & Practical, Peter Wathern

Bibliography:

Aselmann, I. and Crutzen, P. (1989) - Global Distribution of Natural Freshwater

Wetlands and Rice Paddies, Their Primary Productivity, Seasonality and Possible

Methane Emissions. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. 8: 307-358.

Batlett, K.B.; Harris, R.C. (1993) Review and Assessment of Methane Emission from

Wetlands,Chemosphere, 26, 261-320, 1993.

Documents

Environmental Impact Assessment Final