Environmental Compliance

Health and Safety Management

Professional Certificate in Human ResourcesTom Brandon, CPP, CUSA

O (619) 749- 0179

F (619) 749-0182

fortressec@cox.net

Environmental Compliance

Water Pollution Air Pollution Pollution of the land Key events Industrial Hygiene Hazard Communication

Environmental Compliance

Water PollutionClean Water Act

Water Pollution Control Act

Oil Protection Act Exxon Valdez

Environmental Compliance

Air Pollution Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1990

Kyoto Protocol Noise Control Act

Environmental Compliance

Pollution of the land Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Resource Conversation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and

Liability Act (CERCLA) “Superfund” Love Canal Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)

Environmental Compliance

Key events Bhopal

http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/090226/the-bhopal-disaster-25-years-later

Environmental Compliance

Key events Bhopal: the Union Carbide gas leak Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosion Seveso: Italian dioxin crisis The 1952 London smog disaster Major oil spills of the 20th and 21st century The Love Canal chemical waste dump The Baia Mare cyanide spill The European BSE crisis Spanish waste water spill The Three Mile Island near nuclear disaster

Environmental Compliance

Bhopal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0csW97x8d24

Industrial Hygiene Part science, part art Industrial Hygiene is the application of

scientific principles in the workplace to prevent the development of occupational disease or injury

Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics, anatomy, physiology, mathematics

History of IH Disease resulting from exposure to

chemicals or physical agents have existed ever since people chose to use or handle materials with toxic potential

In the far past, causes were not always recognized

IH Program: Minimum Elements

1. Identification of health hazards

2. Evaluation of health hazards

3. Control of health hazards

4. Recordkeeping

5. Employee training

6. Periodic program review

Commonly regarded as the three phase of industrial hygiene

Dose-Response Relationship The toxicity of a substance depends not

only on its toxic properties, but also on the amount of exposure, or the dose

Differentiated betweenChronic (low-level, long-term) poisoningAcute (high-level, short-term) poisoning

Scope of IH Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of hazards or

agents Chemical Agents

Dusts, mists, fumes, vapors, gases Physical Agents

Ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, vibration, and temperature extremes

Biological Agents Insects, molds, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, viruses

Ergonomic Agents Monotony, fatigue, repetitive motion

Control of Agents Controls in this order of preference

1. Engineering Controls Engineering changes in design, equipment, processes Substituting a non-hazardous material Substitute a less hazardous material, local exhaust ventilation

2. Administrative Controls Reduce the human exposure by changes in procedures, work-area access

restrictions, worker rotation Worker rotation, training

3. Personal Protective Equipment / Clothing Ear plugs / muffs, safety glasses / goggles, respirators, gloves, clothing,

hard-hats Respirators, gloves, eye protection, ear protection, etc.

Evaluation of hazards Measurements

Air sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal stress meters, accelerometers (vibration)

Calculation of doseLevel and duration of exposure

Keep records

Acute and Chronic Terminology: Exposure as well as Response Acute exposure: short time / high concentration Chronic exposure: long-term, low concentration Acute response: rash, watering eyes, cough from brief

exposure to ammonia Chronic response: emphysema from years of cigarette

smoking

Routes of Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Absorption through the skin Less common

InjectionAbsorption through eyes and ear canals

Professional Organizations (USA) American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA),

www.aiha.org, member organization

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), www.acgih.org, member organization for government employees

American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH), www.abih.org, independent organization that administers certification programs for industrial hygiene professional

Hazard Communication Standard

Hazard Communication Standard Became law under OSHA in 1983 Mandates responsibilities for chemical “providers” (chemical

manufacturers) Evaluate chemicals Label containers Provide MSDS to users

Mandates responsibilities for chemical “users” (employers) Evaluate workplace hazards Develop written plan to communicate hazards

Flow of Chemical Information

ManufacturerManufacturer EmployerEmployer

EmployeeEmployee

Written Program

Lists hazardous materials Describes labeling system

Location of MSDSs

Information for non-routine hazards explained

Describes training program

Explains how contractors’ employees are informed of hazards

Available to employees, their representatives, OSHA and NIOSH

Three Key Components

Container Labeling Employee Training

GeneralJob Specific

Material Safety Data Sheets

Product Container Labeling

All containers brought into the workplace must be labeled Bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cylinders, drums,

storage tanks, piping systems Labels to include:

Identity of chemical Name and address of manufacturer or importer Hazard warning

Labeling by Employer

Containers provided on site must be labeled Identity of chemical Hazard warning All containers are labeled

Piping systemsStationary containers, tanks and vessels, process equipment May be posted with single sign or placard

Hazard Labels

NFPA Fire Diamond Red: Flammability Blue: Health Yellow: Reactivity White: Special

Numbered 0-4 0=no hazard 4=extreme hazard

Employee Training

General Overview of standard Implementation at site

Job Specific Specific to work area Specific to chemicals used Updated with new chemicals and processes

MSDS

Standardized summary of the results of health and safety research on a chemical product

Available at your work site If needed information is missing - ASK If you have a question - ASK Know the information before you use a chemical Never rely on looking it up after an accident

Material Safety Data Sheets

CONTENTS: Material Identification Hazardous Ingredients Physical Data Fire and Explosion Data Reactivity Health Hazards Spill, Leak, Disposal Data Special Protection Information Additional Information

MSDS

Material Identification Product name/identifier Chemical formula Manufacturer Emergency contacts

Hazardous Ingredients/Composition Chemical name CAS number Percentage

MSDS

Physical Data pH, boiling point, melting point, specific gravity, vapor

density

(air = 1) Fire and Explosion Data

Flash point, LEL-UEL, NFPA rating Reactivity Data

Materials that are incompatible Possible reactions Stability

MSDS

Health Hazards Routes of Exposure

How can you be exposed Types of Exposure

Chronic or acute Toxicity

Potential to cause harm

Carcinogenicity Cancer causing

Health Hazards - Routes of Exposure

How can you be exposed? Inhalation

Breath it Ingestion

Eat or drink it Absorption

Through the skin

Health Hazards - Type of Exposure Chronic Exposure:

An adverse effect with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time

e.g., repeated exposure to asbestos

Acute Exposure: An adverse effect with

symptoms that develop rapidly

e.g., dropped bottle of acid

Health Hazards - Exposure Limits

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Regulatory standard set by OSHA

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) ACGH recommendation Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)

8-hour day and 40-hour week Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)

15 min/4X per dayI60 mm interval/TWA not exceeded Ceiling Limit (TLV-C)

At no time to be exceeded

Health Hazards - Toxicity Determination Generally based on animal studies LC50 Lethal Concentration (in air)

For 50% of test population LD50 Lethal Dose (ingested)

For 50% of test population IDLH

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health The smaller the level, the more toxic the chemical

MSDS

Spill, Leak, Disposal Data Primarily used by spill team and waste operations

Special Protection Information Equipment and precautions for handling

Additional Information DOT shipping name and ID number TSCA SARA 313

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Safety Glasses/Goggles Chemical, machine

Gloves Chemical, work

Garments/Aprons/Smocks Earplugs/Ear Muffs Respiratory Protection Boots

MSDS

It is Your Right to Know

It is Your Responsibility to Work Safely

Know What the Hazards are

...Know How to Avoid Them

HazCom at Home

Chemicals and products used in the home are also

hazardous Irritants: chlorine bleach, ammonia Toxics: pesticides, herbicides, silver cleaner Corrosives: tile cleaner, battery acid Flammables: paints, furniture stripper, diesel fuel

Read warning labels Be aware of potential hazards Use with care

Environmental Compliance

Tools and resources EPA

http://www.epa.gov/epahome/learn.htm http://www.epa.gov/epahome/enviroq/index.htm

Air Quality Management District (AQMD) (business resources) http://www.aqmd.gov/business/businessresources.html